ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5176-3161
Current Organisation
University of Queensland
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Marketing | Marketing And Market Research | Tourism | Tourism Marketing | Business and Management | Applied Statistics | Impacts of Tourism | Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations) | Business And Management Not Elsewhere Classified | Health, Clinical And Counselling Psychology | Advertising And Public Relations | Natural Resource Management | Pattern Recognition and Data Mining | Gender Specific Studies | Applied Statistics | Marketing Research Methodology | Public Policy | Policy and Administration | Services Not Elsewhere Classified | Marketing Communications | Migration | Consumer-Oriented Product or Service Development | Social Policy And Planning
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services | Marketing | Disability and Functional Capacity | Tourism | Tourism not elsewhere classified | Ethnicity and multiculturalism | Environmentally Sustainable Commercial Services and Tourism not elsewhere classified | Families | Measurement standards and calibration services not elsewhere classified | Management and productivity issues not elsewhere classified | Gender | Commercial services not elsewhere classified | Heritage not elsewhere classified | Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Services and Tourism | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Land and water management | Youth/child development and welfare | Community services not elsewhere classified | Migrant development and welfare | Consumption patterns, population issues and the environment | Socio-cultural issues | Environment not elsewhere classified | Management of Solid Waste from Commercial Services and Tourism |
Related Links
Publications
“I know what you’re going to ask me” Why respondents don’t read survey questions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-01-2019
Abstract: Tracking respondents’ eyes while they complete a survey reveals that (a) they do not read instructions, survey questions, and answer options carefully enough, investing only as little as 32% of the required time (b) their attention diminishes over the course of the survey and (c) their self-reports of the survey experience do not reflect actual survey completion behavior. As much as 15% of survey data may be negatively affected by systematic respondent inattention. From these findings, we derive practical recommendations on how to improve pre-testing of surveys and how to reduce the likelihood of survey respondents ignoring instructions and not reading survey questions and answer options.
Delivery or desirability of benefits? Predicting the effectiveness of egoistic and altruistic message appeals for recycled water use
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-06-2022
Abstract: A large proportion of the global population is currently grappling with water shortages. In many countries, the potential implementation of recycled water initiatives has been thwarted because of public opposition towards the notion of using recycled water. The development of effective advertising messages that increase public acceptance and willingness to use alternative water sources would increase the likelihood of recycled water use being embraced by communities. The present study conducted a factorial design experiment to test the effectiveness of 18 different print advertising messages in the context of recycled water use. Both egoistic and altruistic benefits are equally effective in increasing behavioural intention. Communicating the delivery rather than the desirability of benefits is more likely to increase community acceptance of recycled water. Print media represents a cost-effective marketing channel and has the potential to facilitate greater public support for recycled water initiatives.
In a Galaxy Far, Far Away . . . Market Yourself Differently
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-02-2016
Abstract: The destination is the focal point of tourism marketing activities. Many definitions of destinations have been proposed in the past, but it remains unclear what a destination is from a consumer perspective at early stages of the destination choice process. Yet, it is the consumer perspective that matters most. The present study investigates consumer perceptions of what a destination is. Results indicate that (1) consumers have a very broad position on what a destination is, (2) the distance between the destination and home affects the size of the geographical area perceived as destination, and (3) geographically larger destinations are severely underresearched. Findings have implications for both tourism research and tourism marketing, indicating that destinations need to be marketed differently to long-haul tourists.
The science of attracting foster carers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-05-2012
Cross‐cultural differences in survey response patterns
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 24-04-2007
DOI: 10.1108/02651330710741785
Abstract: The existence of variable response styles represents a major threat to the correct interpretation of market research findings. In international marketing, this threat is further increased due to s les of respondents from different cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to extend the investigation of differences in cross‐cultural response styles by studying full response patterns instead of extreme values, quantify the extent of the potential mistake of not accounting for cross‐cultural differences in response behaviour and present a simple way of testing whether or not data sets from various cultural backgrounds can be used without correcting for cross‐cultural response styles. Two independent data sets are used. Extreme response style (ERS) scores are compared by testing for equality of proportions. Respondents' answer patterns are partitioned using the k ‐means algorithm, the resulting differences between cultures tested using a Fisher's exact test for count data. The extent of inter‐cultural difference in responses is assessed using ANOVA. Asian and Australian respondents differ significantly in ERS and full response patterns. Differences in cross‐cultural response patterns account for up to 6 per cent of the variance in the data, thus representing a significant potential source for misinterpretation in cross‐cultural studies. International market researchers using s les including respondents from more than one cultural background have to be aware of the potential source of misinterpretation caused by cross‐cultural differences in response patterns. A simple ANOVA‐based procedure allows researchers to determine whether data can be used in its uncorrected form. The paper investigates cross‐cultural response styles for new groups of respondents (Australian vs Asian), extends the study from the investigation of extreme values to full response patterns and gives market researchers in the international marketing context an indication of how high the level of potential misinterpretation can be and presents a simple means of checking how necessary it is to account for cross‐cultural differences in response behaviour.
Are We Drawing the Right Conclusions? The Dangers of Answer Format Effects in Empirical Tourism Research
Publisher: Cognizant, LLC
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.3727/108354206778689817
Abstract: Empirical tourism research has a long history, and empirically based findings represent an important component of theory development and managerial insight. Nevertheless, empirical data of any kind are susceptible to misinterpretation. The aim of this study is to investigate to which extent empirical tourism research accounts for three sources of potential misinterpretation of results: (1) the occurrence of answer format effects, (2) the occurrence of culturally specific response styles, and (3) the selection of data analytic techniques appropriate for the data format. A review of 43 academic publications from 2000 and 2001 suggests that empirical tourism research is strongly guided by standards that have developed within the tourism research community and are not questioned anymore: ordinal answer formats dominate the field, ordinal data are analyzed using techniques requiring metric data, and cross-cultural response styles are ignored, which is a particularly concerning finding given the amount of cross-cultural comparisons typically undertaken in tourism research. Recommendations for improvement are made.
Beyond Ecotourism: The Environmentally Responsible Tourist in the General Travel Experience
Publisher: Cognizant, LLC
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.3727/108354209X12596287114291
Abstract: Ashift of attention from the dominant product orientation in environmentally sustainable tourism to a demand orientation has been suggested as a way of minimizing the effects of the inherent trade-offs the tourism industry faces between maximization of profits and investment in environmental sustainability. The success of such an approach depends on the existence of a class of tourists who are not only motivated to take care of the natural surroundings of the host destination, whether they are traveling in an ecotourism or general tourism context, but also represent an economically attractive market segment. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is empirical evidence for the existence of such a segment among the wider tourism population and, if so, how can it be characterized and thus marketed to. Willingness to pay is used as a criterion to define this segment, as it implicitly accounts for the trade-off that suggests environmental protection comes at a price. Results from the empirical survey study conducted in Australia indicate that environmentally responsible tourists who are willing to pay for environmental initiatives taken on by their tour operator can be characterized by a distinct profile with respect to travel information seeking, destination preferences, travel behavior, and willingness to pay—indicating that targeting such a segment of tourists in the general tourism context represents an attractive supplementary strategy to traditional supply-sided measures of sustainable destination management.
Biclustering
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-02-2011
Abstract: Data-driven market segmentation is a popular and widely used segmentation method in tourism. It aims to identify market segments among tourists who are similar to each other, thus allowing a targeted marketing mix to be developed. Typically data used to segment tourists are characterized by small numbers of respondents and large numbers of survey questions. Small s les and numerous questions cause serious methodological problems that have typically been addressed by using factor-cluster analysis to reduce the dimensionality of data. Recently, factor-cluster analysis has been shown as an unacceptable solution to the problem of high data dimensionality in segmentation. In this article, the authors introduce biclustering, a novel approach to address the problem of high dimensionality in tourism segmentation studies. We discuss the circumstances in which biclustering should be used rather than parametric or nonparametric grouping techniques. An illustrative ex le of how biclustering is computed is also provided.
Sharing economy and peer-to-peer accommodation – a perspective paper
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 18-05-2020
Abstract: This paper aims to provide a snapshot of key learnings about paid online peer-to-peer accommodation trading, as it relates to tourism and hospitality, and to identify future research questions. The paper paints a picture and discusses research conducted in the past, which relates to paid online peer-to-peer accommodation, in brief. It also lists a number of specific research questions which should be investigated in future. Some of the key topics, such as the business model of facilitators of peer-to-peer trading and the necessary regularly responses, have been extensively studied. The focus should now turn on how peer-to-peer trading of travel-related services can best be leveraged to the benefit of economies, communities and people. The main value of this perspective paper lies in offering a succinct overview of research into paid online peer-to-peer accommodation and pointing to key questions for future research.
Voluntary relocation – An exploration of Australian attitudes in the context of drought, recycled and desalinated water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Defining and Operationalizing Eight Forms of Eudaimonia and Hedonia and Assessing Tourism-Specific Context-Dependency
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-11-2023
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221133042
Abstract: The development of wellbeing during a vacation and immediately afterward is well understood. It remains unclear, however, how eudaimonia and hedonia differ across typical home and vacation contexts. Given that eudaimonia and hedonia drive behavior, understanding contextual differences can guide the development of targeted behavioral change interventions, including those that entice tourists to behave in more environmentally or socially sustainable ways. This study (1) introduces to tourism research a conceptual framework that unambiguously defines eight forms of eudaimonia and hedonia, (2) operationalizes them, and (3) investigates their context dependency empirically. State level hedonia and eudaimonia are substantially higher on vacation, suggesting they represent promising targets for behavioral change interventions. The definitions and operationalization of the eight forms of eudaimonia and hedonia offer a unifying framework that facilitates cumulative tourism knowledge development on the role of hedonia and eudaimonia in tourism by ensuring new insights relate to the exact same constructs.
Eat up! Prevention of plate waste in tourism and hospitality: a perspective paper
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 21-04-2020
Abstract: Plate waste is uneaten food left behind on the plate after a meal. Plate waste – like all food waste – burdens the environment. Plate waste – in contrast to other types of food waste – is absolutely unnecessary and almost entirely preventable. This study aims to synthesize past research on plate waste and outline a future research agenda. Past research into plate waste is discussed, and the need for specific directions of future research is pointed out. A systematics of measures for the prevention of plate waste is offered which uses the following as criteria: the suitability of measures to the hospitality context and whether the measure has been scientifically proven to be effective. Plate waste research has a very short history. To date, efforts have been focusing on quantifying the extent of the problem. More theoretical work is needed to identify drivers of place waste and develop and experimentally test theory-based practical interventions to reduce the amount of plate waste generated. The key contribution of this perspective paper is to synthesize prior work on plate waste and offer a future research agenda.
Survey research in tourism: a perspective paper
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-10-2019
Abstract: This paper aims to discuss issues relating to survey research in tourism. This brief perspective paper discusses the routine approach of survey research that has developed over many years (as tourism researchers adopted the most promising approaches to survey research fields), discusses the dangers associated with following this (or any) routine approach, and offers a small set of questions for researchers to consider before embarking on their next survey study. A default approach to survey research has developed. It can undermine the validity of conclusions. The key to high-quality survey research is to thoughtfully design the survey study considering the specific research question at hand, and to carefully pre-test the questionnaire. This is a perspective paper offering a brief overview of the topic of survey research in tourism.
Management learning exercise and trainer's note for market segmentation in tourism
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-10-2007
DOI: 10.1108/17506180710824172
Abstract: This paper aims to show how researchers can develop learning exercises for training analysts and executives in market segmentation techniques. The empirical ex le of a tour operator specializing in adventure tourism is used as an illustration. Segments are constructed on the basis of tourists' stated willingness to pay a price premium for certain aspects of the tour. Stability analysis is conducted to choose the number of clusters, topology representing networks are used to construct segments and Bonferroni‐corrected χ 2 tests provide insight into the external validity of segments. Four market segments are constructed which differ significantly with respect to external variables. Market segmentation can be used by any entity in the tourism industry to select a suitable part of the entire market, customize the tourism service to suit such a segment, and spend marketing budget more efficiently by using communication channels and advertising messages most effective for the selected segment. Market segmentation provides managers with insight into market structure. Knowledge about the market structure, in turn, is the basis of successful strategic planning. While the concept of segmentation is not new, each application is unique to its context. The present paper focuses on price premium segments in the adventure tourism context.
Do tourists notice social responsibility information?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-01-2019
Not Just Any Volunteers: Segmenting the Market to Attract the High Contributors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Cognitive load reduction strategies in questionnaire design
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-03-2021
Abstract: Survey data quality suffers when respondents have difficulty completing complex tasks in questionnaires. Cognitive load theory informed the development of strategies for educators to reduce the cognitive load of learning tasks. We investigate if these cognitive load reduction strategies can be used in questionnaire design to reduce task difficulty and, in so doing, improve survey data quality. We find that this is not the case and conclude that some of the traditional survey answer formats, such as grid questions, which have been criticized in the past, lead to equally good data and do not frustrate respondents more than alternative formats.
Demystifying the Journal Review Process: An Editor’s Observations
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2023
Conceptualizing vacation dedication
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-10-2010
Including Don't know answer options in brand image surveys improves data quality
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2014
Abstract: How do respondents use the Don't know answer option in surveys? We investigate this question in the context of brand image measurement, using an experimental design with about 2,000 respondents and, for the first time, considering a range of commonly used answer formats. Results indicate that Don't know options are primarily used when respondents genuinely cannot answer the question, as opposed to representing a quick, low-effort option to complete a survey. Two practical conclusions arise from this study: (1) a Don't know option should be offered in cases where it is expected that some respondents may be unfamiliar with some brands under study and (2) answer formats without a midpoint should be used in brand image studies because midpoints can either be falsely misinterpreted as an alternative to ticking the Don't know option, or used as an avenue for respondent satisficing.
Should the risk of social desirability bias in survey studies be assessed at the level of each pro-environmental behaviour?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-06-2023
Abstract: Social desirability bias is the tendency of in iduals to over-report behaviours that are viewed favourably by society, such as environmentally sustainable behaviours. The currently prevalent approach of managing social desirability bias in survey studies is to include a set of additional survey questions to determine a survey respondent’s trait level social desirability bias, which can also be used as a correction factor. Yet, the pooled correlation between trait level social desirability and self-reported pro-environmental behaviours is weak. Our study challenges the currently dominant approach, proposing instead an alternative approach, which relies on a behaviour-specific (rather than personspecific) indicator reflecting social evaluation about the behaviour and embarrassment associated with admitting to displaying the behaviour. The analysis of associations between person-specific and behaviour-specific social desirability bias indicators and 11 self-reported behaviours suggest that the behaviour-specific approach more accurately captures socially desirable responses in self-report survey studies investigating pro-environmental behaviour.
A good graph is worth a thousand numbers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Double degrees: double the trouble or twice the return?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-06-2007
Do instructional manipulation checks measure inattention or miscomprehension?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 21-01-2023
Abstract: Instructional Manipulation Checks (IMCs) are intended to detect inattention, a common occurrence in survey responding. We use eye tracking to empirically assess the attention that survey respondents dedicate to a short and a long IMC. We find that all 21 respondents pass the short IMC. In contrast, six respondents fail the long IMC. Our eye-tracking results show that some respondents who fail the long IMC check allocate more cognitive effort and time to processing this check than others, suggesting that lack of comprehension rather than inattention may be the relevant underlying mechanism for their failure. For other respondents failing the IMC, lack of attention and speeding is more likely to be the culprit. These findings culminate into the suggestion that future researchers should assess the time that respondents failing an IMC dedicated to this check to distinguish between miscomprehension (long time) and inattention (short time).
Delivering the Right Tourist Service to the Right People–A Comparison of Segmentation Approaches
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-03-2005
Australians’ Water Conservation Behaviours and Attitudes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-190728635
5/7-point “Likert scales” aren't always the best option
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
May I sleep in your bed? Getting permission to book
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Market segmentation analysis in tourism: a perspective paper
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 27-06-2019
Abstract: This paper discusses the dos and don'ts of market segmentation analysis. Market segmentation analysis is younger than the journal Tourism Review , but nevertheless has a rich history in tourism research and continues to be extensively used by both tourism researchers and industry. After a brief overview of the origins of market segmentation analysis and its uptake in tourism, a number of key considerations are discussed, which are critical to ensuring that practically useful and reliable market segments emerge from the analysis. Do accept that market segmentation is exploratory. Do spend a lot of time ensuring you collect high-quality data. Don’t use ordinal data. Don’t use correlated variables. Do ensure your s le size is large enough. Don’t use factor-cluster analysis. Do conduct data structure analysis. Don’t complicate things. This is a perspective study it offers a concise discussion of key issues in market segmentation analysis and directs the interested reader to resources where they can learn more about each of these issues.
A Market-Oriented Approach to Responsibly Managing Information Privacy Concerns in Direct Marketing
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2007
Assessing the Prerequisite of Successful CSR Implementation: Are Consumers Aware of CSR Initiatives?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2008
Reduce reuse … and don’t recycle! On text reuse in academic articles
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-06-2020
Abstract: This viewpoint discusses how text duplication is determined by publishers and provides practical recommendations for authors on how they can avoid text duplication in their manuscripts.
Methodological reasons for the theory/practice divide in market segmentation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-04-2009
Quality of life and tourism: A conceptual framework and novel segmentation base
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Waste production patterns in hotels and restaurants: An intra-sectoral segmentation approach
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-05-2023
Abstract: Tourism produces 35m tons of solid waste annually. For waste reduction efforts to be effective, empirical baseline measures of waste production and waste production patterns are needed. This study analyses the waste profiles of hotels and restaurants using national waste data. Results indicate that waste patterns in hotels and restaurants differ significantly from those of other industries and that – within the hotels and restaurants sector – substantial heterogeneity exists in terms of the types of waste generated. These insights highlight the need for targeted improvement approaches to waste management. Data presented in this study also serves as a baseline for benchmarking studies and helps inform the design of segment-specific practical measures to reduce waste generated in hotels and restaurants.
Impulse purchasing in tourism – learnings from a study in a matured market
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Using graphical statistics to better understand market segmentation solutions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2014
Abstract: Market segmentation lies ‘at the heart of successful marketing’ (McDonald 2010), yet market segmentation solutions are not trivial to interpret, especially if consumers are segmented using post hoc or a posteriori or data-driven segmentation, where several consumer characteristics are analysed simultaneously to identify or construct market segments. In fact, 65% of marketing managers admit to having difficulties with the interpretation of data-driven market segmentation solutions. In this study we develop novel ways of visualising segmentation solutions using graphical statistics methodology. The proposed plots help academics and practitioners to interpret complex market segmentation solutions, thus improving the practical usability of market segmentation, reducing the risk of misinterpretation and contributing to closing the much-lamented ‘theory–practice ide’ in market segmentation.
Water alternatives-who and what influences public acceptance?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-11-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PA.378
“To clean or not to clean?” Reducing daily routine hotel room cleaning by letting tourists answer this question for themselves
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 29-06-2020
Abstract: Changing default settings has proven to be a powerful approach to influencing consumer decisions without denying consumers the possibility of choosing freely. This is only the second study investigating the effectiveness of defaults in tourism, and the first testing also the combined effect of default changes and pro-environmental appeals in the context of changing room cleaning defaults in hotels from automatic daily cleaning (with the choice of opting out) to no daily routine cleaning (with the choice of opt-in and requesting a free room clean every day). Results from a quasi-experimental study conducted in a three-star city hotel suggest that the change in defaults significantly reduced room cleaning, with only 32% of room cleans requested on average. Adding a pro-environmental appeal to the change in defaults did not further reduce room cleaning overall, but has an effect on certain segments of hotel guests.
Biting Off More Than They Can Chew: Food Waste at Hotel Breakfast Buffets
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-01-2022
Abstract: Tourists bite off more than they can chew at hotel breakfast buffets. Food waste from hotel buffets means unnecessary food cost for hotels as well as an unnecessary burden on the environment. The present study measured food waste at a hotel breakfast buffet and identified the following guest and breakfast characteristics as being significantly associated with higher plate waste: more children in the guest mix, more Russians and less Austrians or Germans, fewer hotel guests in the breakfast buffet area as well as more buffet stations being set up. These insights contribute to knowledge on environmental sustainability in tourism, pointing to interesting market segments for targeting in high demand periods as well as promising target segments for interventions (e.g., families) and indicate that simple measures such as rearrangements of the breakfast room may reduce food waste.
Response style corrected market segmentation for ordinal data
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-06-2015
Improving the stability of market segmentation analysis
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 05-2021
Abstract: Data-driven market segmentation is heavily used by academic tourism and hospitality researchers to create knowledge, and by data analysts in tourism industry to generate market insights. The stability of market segmentation solutions across repeated calculations is a key quality indicator of a segmentation solution. Yet, stability is typically ignored, risking that the segmentation solution arrived at is random. The present study offers an overview of market segmentation analysis and proposes a new procedure to increase the stability of market segmentation solutions derived from binary data.
Improved Understanding of Tourists' Needs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-03-2005
Unique Features of the Networks
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3599
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks have rocked the established accommodation sector, dramatically increasing the variety of accommodation options available to people around the world. They have also created a number of societal challenges never expected to result from a short-term accommodation trading platform. Something about peer-to-peer accommodation networks is very different from anything we have seen before, although they consist of building blocks which are not new at all. This chapter explores some of the unique features of Airbnb – the leading international peer-to-peer accommodation network – and proposes a conceptual model of elements contributing to Airbnb’s success.
Response Style Contamination of Student Evaluation Data
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-04-2009
Abstract: Student evaluation surveys provide instructors with feedback regarding development opportunities and they form the basis of promotion and tenure decisions. Student evaluations have been extensively studied, but one dimension hitherto neglected is the actual measurement aspect: which questions to ask, how to ask them, and what answer options to offer to students to get the most valid results. This study investigates whether cross-cultural response styles affect the validity of student evaluations. If they do, then the student mix in a class can affect an instructor's evaluation, potentially producing biased feedback and prompting inappropriate decisions by university committees. This article discusses two main response styles, demonstrates the nature of the bias they can cause in student evaluation surveys using simulated artificial data, and illustrates three cases based on real student evaluation data in which marketing instructors' teaching quality assessments may be heavily biased because of response styles. The authors propose a simple method to check for response style contamination in student evaluation data and they discuss some practical implications.
Word-of-Mouth Segments
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-12-2014
Abstract: Most tourists love to share their holiday experiences with family, friends, and, increasingly, strangers, using the Internet. Such word-of-mouth represents a highly influential information source for potential tourists and is therefore of great interest to tourism marketing managers. This study aims to understand patterns among tourists when sharing holiday experiences, both in terms of the communication channel they use and the kind of content they share. The findings contribute to a theoretical understanding of word-of-mouth behavior by empirically showing that word-of-mouth is not a homogeneous activity. Rather, results show that distinct segments of word-of-mouth behavior exist. Segments differ with regard to content shared (visual/verbal) and channel used (offline/online). Two out of the five segments use only offline channels to share their experiences, and the extent of visual content shared varies across segments. The article illustrates how these findings could be translated into proactive marketing action aimed at instigating word-of-mouth behavior.
Do employees hold the key to environmental sustainability in tourism businesses? Empirical evidence from a field study
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 25-01-2023
Abstract: The tourism industry must reduce the negative impacts of its operations on the environment to secure its own prosperity into the future and to contribute to humanity’s collective aim of more sustainable production and consumption. An increasing number of studies in sustainable tourism have attempted to develop and test in the field the effectiveness of behavioural change interventions aimed at enticing tourism stakeholders in behaving more sustainably. These efforts have focused primarily on tourists. Employees have been largely neglected as potential agents of change, despite the substantial environmental consequences of their behaviours. This article pioneers this area of investigation. In a quasi-experimental field study conducted during regular operations of two hotels in Europe, we demonstrate that an equity-theory based behavioural intervention can successfully reduce the number of single-use sh oos dispensed by hotel cleaning staff during daily routine room cleans. Results are of immediate value to managers of tourism businesses – especially those of small and medium sized accommodation providers who do not have the financial means to make major infrastructure changes – by equipping them with a practical measure they can easily deploy to reduce the negative impact on the environment of their operations while also reducing their operating cost.
Visiting friends or relatives?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Marketing in non‐profit organizations: an international perspective
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 29-05-2009
DOI: 10.1108/02651330910960780
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to tests three hypotheses: non‐profit organizations follow a customer‐centered approach to marketing marketing is run by marketing‐trained staff and cross‐continental differences in the adoption of marketing in the UK, the USA, and Australia exist due to differences in the operating environment. A survey study was conducted with non‐profit managers. The s le contains 136 respondents 36 from the UK, 33 from the USA and 67 from Australia. Non‐profit managers indicated that the most important marketing activities are promotional in nature. The importance of market research and strategic marketing was acknowledged only by a small proportion of non‐profits, supporting Andreasen and Kotler's assertion that non‐profit organizations have an “organization‐centered” mindset. Only one fifth of marketing staff are trained in marketing. Non‐profit organizations in the UK, the USA, and Australia did not differ in their use of marketing and marketing operations, suggesting that the similarity of market pressures may be more influential than the differences in operating environments. Shifting from an “organization‐centered” to a “customer‐centered” approach to marketing represents a key opportunity for non‐profit organizations to increase their competitive advantage and improve their outcomes in terms of the organizational mission. The primary strategy to achieve this aim is to make increased use of formally trained marketing staff. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to assess the state of marketing practise in non‐profit organizations since Kotler, the first to test the organization‐centered hypothesis and the first to test differences across countries.
Required Sample Sizes for Data-Driven Market Segmentation Analyses in Tourism
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-07-2013
Abstract: Data analysts in industry and academia make heavy use of market segmentation analysis to develop tourism knowledge and select commercially attractive target segments. Within academic research alone, approximately 5% of published articles use market segmentation. However, the validity of data-driven market segmentation analyses depends on having available a s le of adequate size. Moreover, no guidance exists for determining what an adequate s le size is. In the present simulation study using artificial data of known structure, the impact of the difficulty of the segmentation task on the required s le size is analyzed in dependence of the number of variables in the segmentation base. Under all simulated data circumstances, a s le size of 70 times the number of variables proves to be adequate. This finding is of substantial practical importance because it will provide guidance to data analysts in academia and industry who wish to conduct reliable and valid segmentation studies.
Informing destination recommender systems design and evaluation through quantitative research
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 05-10-2012
DOI: 10.1108/17506181211265040
Abstract: Destination recommender systems need to become truly human‐centric in their design and functionality. This requires a profound understanding of human interactions with technology as well as human behavior related to information search and decision‐making in the context of travel and tourism. This paper seeks to review relevant theories that can support the development and evaluation of destination recommender systems and to discuss how quantitative research can inform such theory building and testing. Based on a review of information search and decision‐making literatures, a framework for the development of destination recommender systems is proposed and the implications for the design and evaluation of human‐centric recommender systems are discussed. A variety of factors that influence the information search and processing strategies that influence interactions with a destination recommender system are identified. This reveals a great need for data‐driven models to inform recommender system processes. The proposed framework provides a basis for future research and development in the area of destination recommender systems. The paper concludes that the success of a specific destination recommender system will depend largely on its ability to anticipate and respond creatively to transformations in the personal and situational needs of its users. Such system intelligence needs to be based on empirical data analyzed with sophisticated quantitative methods. The importance of recommender systems in tourism marketing is also discussed.
Acceptance of water alternatives in Australia – 2009
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.007
Abstract: In a nationally representative study with a s le size of 1495, Australian residents were asked about their attitudes to recycled and desalinated water. Specifically, they were asked to state how likely they would be to use these sources of water for 14 purposes. Recycled water was found to have a higher stated likelihood of being used for watering gardens (compared to desalinated water). No significant differences in likelihood of use were found for toilet flushing, car washing and cleaning. For all other uses (including drinking), desalinated water had higher likelihood of use ratings. Respondents were also asked about their intention to relocate under four different water scenarios. This is a topic not studied before in the Australian context. Results indicate that respondents' stated likelihood to relocate was highest when there was insufficient water to meet their needs, followed by when recycled water was introduced into their supply, then the introduction of desalinated water. The scenario where residents had to rely on self-purified rain water from a tank had the lowest level of relocation intention. The results indicate that the increased provision of rainwater tanks may be the most publically acceptable water alternative for Australians at this point in time.
Hope for the Future: Identifying the Individual Difference Characteristics of People Who Are Interested In and Intend To Foster-Care
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-05-2011
DOI: 10.1093/BJSW/BCR052
Protecting Consumer Privacy in the Company'S Best Interest
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3582(06)70052-0
Abstract: The increasing use of consumer databases by companies has led to increased levels of concern among consumers that their personal information may not be in safe hands once ulged to companies. A few studies have shown that consumer concern about information privacy may impact on consumer behaviour in ways directly opposed to the aims of the very marketing c aigns developed to increase sales. Should this indeed be the case, it would be in companies’ best interests to make protection of consumer privacy a priority. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there is potential for such a market-driven mechanism of consumer privacy protection. An empirical survey within the Australian context was conducted to investigate the general level of concern among Australians about information privacy. Furthermore, associations between privacy concern levels and behaviour, as well as prior experiences with information privacy violations, are examined. Results indicate that: general privacy concern levels are high associations exist between privacy concerns and protective behaviour people tend to protect themselves in active ways, such as requesting the removal of information, rather than in passive ways, such as changing the distribution channel to reduce risk of privacy violation exposure reactions to violations are typically very emotional and include behavioural intentions to take the matter to court.
Water conservation behavior in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
A Review of Data-Driven Market Segmentation in Tourism
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-07-2002
Nature-Conserving Tourists: The Need for a Broader Perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2006
Are Green Tourists a Managerially Useful Target Segment?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-2008
Increasing sample size compensates for data problems in segmentation studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
The hybrid tourist
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Public acceptance of recycled water
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-02-2018
Are hedonia and eudaimonia higher on vacation than at home? Initial empirical evidence and a toolbox for future research
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-12-2021
Abstract: Vacations are assumed to be characterised by enjoyment. More specifically, the level of enjoyment on vacation is assumed to be substantially higher than that of a normal day at home. Yet, this assumption has never been empirically tested. This study provides initial empirical evidence for the fact that all enjoyment-related constructs at the core of positive psychology (hedonic trait and state motivation/orientation and experience, and eudaimonic trait and state motivation/orientation and experience) are significantly higher on vacation than in the normal, everyday home context. To arrive at these empirical findings, the study also introduces to tourism research a conceptual framework that unambiguously defines the most commonly used eudaimonic and hedonic constructs and develops and empirically assesses appropriate single-item measures.
Heterogeneity in risk and safety perceptions of international tourists
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Making cause-related corporate social responsibility (CSR) count in holiday accommodation choice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
The Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed at Making Tourists Behave in More Environmentally Sustainable Ways: A Meta-Analysis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-06-2023
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231183701
Abstract: Tourism generates 8% of all greenhouse gas emissions. One way of reducing emissions is to deploy behavioral change interventions that entice tourists to behave in more sustainable ways. In search of the most effective approaches, we conducted a meta-analysis of 118 interventions tested in field experiments in the tourism context. Most studies targeted beliefs and focused on towel reuse, food waste, or resource use. Changing choice architecture ( d = 1.40) and increasing pleasure ( d = 0.66) emerge as the most effective approaches. Imposing penalties for unsustainable behavior ( d = −0.12) and leveraging social norms to trigger sustainable behavior ( d = 0.18) have limited effectiveness. Future work should re-direct attention from designing interventions that modify beliefs toward interventions that change choice architecture or increase the pleasure associated with the desired behavior, and aim at changing a wider range of behaviors, including green transportation and the avoidance of single use plastics.
Applying City Perception Analysis (CPA) for Destination Positioning Decisions
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2004
Does One Size Fit All? The Suitability of Answer Formats for Different Constructs Measured
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.AUSMJ.2009.04.001
Abstract: Survey research is used to investigate a variety of different constructs, such as beliefs, behavioural intentions, perceptions, preferences and so on. Despite the wide range of constructs studied by social scientists, the ordinal answer format tends to be used across the majority of survey research studies. We challenge this standard approach in survey research by hypothesizing that the ordinal answer format is not optimal under all circumstances. Instead, we propose that the suitability of answer formats depends on the construct measured. We conduct a repeat measurement study using binary, ordinal and metric answer formats measuring two different constructs: beliefs and behavioural intentions. A clear interaction effect between answer formats and constructs is revealed. This supports the notion that no single answer format is optimal for all research problems, but that some constructs are naturally more suitable for certain answer formats than others. These findings call for increased use of pre-studies to determine the optimal answer format before fieldwork is conducted rather than relying on standard answer formats.
On the heterogeneity of preferences for disability services
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 11-09-2021
Abstract: This paper investigates heterogeneity of preferences for disability services within the theoretical framework of consumption values. We conducted interviews with people with a disability and disability service providers to develop survey items, then conducted a survey with 2000 adult Australian residents who either had a disability or were carers of a person with a disability. After conducting descriptive analyses and data-driven market segmentation, findings revealed that, at the aggregate level, basic or functional benefits of disability services are most important. However, when accounting for heterogeneity, very distinct benefit patterns emerge, pointing to the substantial potential for improving disability services by catering to distinct market segment needs. These insights have the potential to improve disability service provision, thus maximally harvesting the opportunities from disability service models that now often include commercial providers, and enabling people with disabilities to make optimal choices in relation to both services and providers.
Evaluation of structure and reproducibility of cluster solutions using the bootstrap
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2009
Segmenting Markets by Bagged Clustering
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2004
DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3582(04)70088-9
Abstract: We introduce bagged clustering as a new approach in the field of post hoc market segmentation research and illustrate the managerial advantages over both hierarchical and partitioning algorithms, especially with large binary data sets. The most important improvements are enhanced stability and interpretability of segments based on binary data. One of the main goals of the procedure is to complement more traditional techniques as an exploratory segment analysis tool. The merits of the approach are illustrated using a tourism marketing application.
A pro-active model of journal editing
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 16-07-2020
Abstract: This is an opinion piece written the editors-in-chief of Annals of Tourism Research in response to another opinion piece discussing how the performance of journal editors can be assessed.
HABIT DRIVES SUSTAINABLE TOURIST BEHAVIOUR
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 16-06-2021
Abstract: Most practical interventions the tourism industry deploys to make tourists behave in more environmentally sustainable ways when they are at their premises or destination – such as the request to reuse towels to protect the environment – rely on attention and cognitive processing. We propose that focusing instead on habit, as the key construct, will be more effective in achieving behavioural change. This study discusses the – largely neglected – role of habit in our understanding of tourist behaviour and provides initial empirical proof of concept of the explanatory power of habit. Findings suggest that entirely new types of behavioural interventions should be developed, which aim at breaking bad vacation habits through disrupting automaticity, such as reducing plate size to prevent overfilling of plates at the buffets and re-establishing good habits people enact at home, such as by asking people to treat the hotel the same way they do their own home.
Someone’s been sleeping in my bed
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF POTENTIAL YOUTH MENTOR VOLUNTEERS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JCOP.21613
Tourist segments' justifications for behaving in an environmentally unsustainable way
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2201
Food tourism subsegments: A data‐driven analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JTR.2188
Different Tourists—Different Perceptions of Different Places: Accounting for Tourists' Perceptual Heterogeneity in Destination Image Measurement
Publisher: Cognizant, LLC
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.3727/108354207783227984
Abstract: We suggest that differences between tourists be evaluated as part of any destination image study. In doing so, one can avoid the potential pitfall of deriving one single destination image by averaging over in iduals with possibly very different perceptions. A typology of destination image measurement approaches is presented that provides a framework for the evaluation of past destination image studies and shows directions for future developments of destination image measurement. The perceptions-based market segmentation (PBMS) framework and indices derived from this approach are proposed as one possible way to explore differences in destination images between tourist groups. An empirical data set is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The data consist of perception statements of 575 respondents who evaluated six Australian tourism destinations along four dimensions.
Networks and Hosts – a Love-Hate Relationship
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3614
Abstract: This chapter explores the love-hate relationship of some hosts with Airbnb. The Airbnb Host Forum in Tasmania (Australia) serves as the case study. The hosts who participate in this forum are passionate about their involvement on Airbnb, and advocate for it and its deregulation in their home state. But their passion goes well beyond vocally advocating for peer-to-peer accommodation networks. Like tiger salamanders, these hosts will turn on the facilitators of the online platform and attack them just as quickly as they will support them. This chapter explores this love-hate relationship and asks why hosts bite the hand that feeds them.
Winter Tourist Segments in Austria: Identifying Stable Vacation Styles Using Bagged Clustering Techniques
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2003
Abstract: Market segmentation is a very popular and broadly accepted way of increasing profitability. The number of reports published on a posteriori market segmentation studies has rapidly increased since Haley’s milestone publication on benefit segmentation in 1968. Nevertheless, it is common practice to use a single segmentation base only and to run a single calculation of a single algorithm, which dramatically increases the chance of building an entire marketing plan on a random solution of the algorithm chosen. The application presented constructs winter vacation styles based on guest survey data, avoiding both weaknesses mentioned before. Through the replicative framework provided by bagged clustering, potentially suboptimal random solutions are avoided. Independent partitioning of vacation activities and travel motives leads to more holistic segments. By looking for over and underrepresentation of all combinations of the behavioral and psychographic segmentation, vacation styles are identified and studied in detail.
Socialising New Guests
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3615
Abstract: One of the key reasons hosts are willing to make available their spaces to total strangers on peer-to-peer accommodation networks is that they can assess the risk of each booking before confirming it. A key aspect of the risk assessment is the evaluation of the guest’s peer-to-peer accommodation network curriculum vitae (P2P-CV, Chapter 1) which consists of the full set of reviews hosts have written about the guest. Having a strong P2P-CV increases the chances of successfully booking space on peer-to-peer platforms. But how do people who have just signed up – newcomers, rookies, ‘Airbnbabies’ – get their first review? How are they socialized as members of a network that relies so heavily on the personal evaluation of one another? This question stands at the center of this chapter.
Drinking water from alternative water sources: differences in beliefs, social norms and factors of perceived behavioural control across eight Australian locations
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2009.325
Abstract: Australia is facing serious challenges in the management of water in various urban and regional locations. Two popular responses to these challenges are increasing supply through alternative water sources such as recycled and desalinated water. However, significant gaps exist in our knowledge of community attitudes to these alternative sources of water, particularly for potable use. This paper reports results from an Australian study of community attitudes to alternative water sources. Sixty six qualitative interviews were held at eight locations with distinctly different water situations. This paper explores all three antecedents to the behaviour of drinking recycled water and desalinated water as postulated by the Theory of Planned Behaviour: attitudes, social norms and factors of perceived behavioural control. Key results indicate that while people hold both positive and negative beliefs (mostly cost, health and environmental concerns) about water from alternative sources, nearly all of them are willing to drink it if the water crisis were to deteriorate further. People also feel they lack knowledge and state that information from scientists would influence their decision to drink recycled and desalinated water most. Friends and relatives are most influential in preventing people from drinking recycled water. The findings reported in this paper have major implications for water policy, and will be of particular interest to water engineers. The paper raises a provocative question: Is it better to avoid public consultation in introducing water from alternative sources?
The Multi-Family Travel Market
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3616
Abstract: This chapter explores the potential of peer-to-peer accommodation networks to cater to a market segment with very specific requirements in terms of the size and setup of short-term tourism accommodation: multi-family travel. Hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, and even resorts typically offer rooms of different sizes, but rarely spaces large enough to allow two or three families to spend their holidays together. Many listings on peer-to-peer accommodation networks have not been developed for tourists they have been developed for families. As such, they are uniquely suited to cater to this market segment.
Do Hosts Discriminate?
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3617
Abstract: On most peer-to-peer accommodation networks, people have to set up personal profiles, including a photo and some basic information about themselves. Typically, people wanting to book accommodation (guests) send a request to those offering it (hosts). Hosts assess the booking request and either decline or accept it. This chapter investigates factors that are associated with higher levels of declining booking requests by Airbnb hosts. Results suggest that declining requests is not associated with personal characteristics of the guest or host. Rather, hosts appear to be aware of the potential risks involved in letting strangers stay in their house (or room), and attempt to reduce this risk by assessing each guest inquiry at the booking level. These findings do not support recent claims of systematic discrimination on peer-to-peer accommodation networks.
Communication-Regulated Social Systems
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3618
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks are considered a relatively new phenomenon. But how new are they really? This chapter explores social interactions on these networks and draws parallels to people whose existence has been dated back 65,000 years: Australian Indigenous communities. Despite their very different appearance, rules of engagement and context, traditional communities have far more in common with modern day neo-tribes that may have been thought.
Monitoring environmental performance in tourism
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-06-2022
Abstract: Multi-site field experimentation is critical to creating practically relevant context-independent and scientifically robust knowledge (Viglia & Dolnicar 2020). Yet, field experimentation is not common in tourism research. When used, it is typically implemented at one specific field site (e.g., Kallbekken & Sælen 2013 Kneževič Cvelbar et al. 2019), severely limiting the generalisability of findings in several ways: conclusions are valid only for a specific geographical region, a specific type of business, a specific consumer segment, or a specific season of the year. Field experiments are rare and typically limited to one field site because it is not only expensive and labour-intensive to implement them, but also to collect the data on a continuous basis. Automatic data collection would likely increase uptake of field experimentation, increasing also the generalisability of findings. Making a methodological contribution to tourism research, this study proposes – and provides initial proof of concept for – an automated data collection system for environmental key performance indicators in tourism businesses. Ultimately, the system we propose will consist of equipment measuring different aspects of business operations with negative environmental consequences (e.g., electricity use, water use, waste generated). The equipment transmits measurements continuously and in short intervals from a heterogeneous set of tourism businesses. In this proof of principle study, we illustrate the concept using plate waste (uneaten food left behind). The proposed automatic data collection system provides immediate feedback to management, allows managers to benchmark their performance against the competition, and serves as real-world laboratory for field experimentation by tourism researchers who develop and test interventions to reduce plate waste by changing consumer behaviour. Consumers have been identified as the most promising target for food-related carbon emissions reduction (Poore & Nemecek 2018), and plate waste is 92% preventable (Papargyropoulou et al. 2016) without compromising enjoyment (Dolnicar et al. 2020).
Helping when Disaster Hits
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3619
Abstract: Large-scale natural disasters and man-made crises, such as terrorist attacks, can lead to substantial drops in tourism demand in the affected destination, thus threatening the local tourism industry. Demand can fall further if the disaster has reduced the supply of accommodation. This chapter explores the potential of peer-to-peer networks assisting destinations in the immediate emergency, and in the recovery stage. Airbnb has, on a number of occasions, made accommodation available at no cost when people were in need as the consequence of an unexpected event. But even among residents who are not currently members of a network, willingness to help is substantial, pointing to the potential of a new – much more decentralized – approach to disaster recovery at tourism destinations.
Carbon labels on restaurant menus: do people pay attention to them?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-10-2020
Market segmentation approaches in tourism
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 2014
The shuttle bus survey: Achieving higher response rates in (longitudinal) guest surveys
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-03-2020
Abstract: Destination image stands at the centre of every destination’s marketing strategy. This study introduces a new way of measuring destination image changes as a consequence of tourists experiencing a destination. In our study, surveying tourists during shuttle bus transfers to and from the airport resulted in a response rate of 83% and a completion rate of 65% – both well above the industry standard for survey research. With thousands of passengers booking airport transfers every month, and about one third booking return trips, the shuttle bus survey offers a unique opportunity to measure destination image from the same tourists before and after their visit to the destination. Bus drivers and passengers assessed the experience as being overwhelmingly positive as it counteracts boredom typically experienced by passengers during transfers.
Drivers of Price in City Destinations: Vienna
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3610
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks have been described as disruptive innovations, as revolutions in tourist accommodation, where demand is driven by new factors such as living like a local, authenticity and meeting new people. If indeed reasons for trading on these networks are so fundamentally different, prices should reflect that. This chapter investigates what drives the price of Airbnb listings in Vienna, and asks whether these price drivers are indeed new, or whether they reflect those in established commercial accommodation.
Networks in China
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3611
Abstract: China is not like most other countries around the world. The Chinese market has not embraced Airbnb whole-heartedly. There are a number of explanations: Chinese people prefer online platforms in Chinese language, and have available to them several platforms, many of which they perceive to have advantages over Airbnb: these are more flexible and better cater to the needs of the Chinese market. And Chinese people feel that their home is only for the use of their family. In traditional culture, homes are not places shared with strangers.
The Impact on Employment
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3612
Abstract: Contingent (just-in-time, or gig) employment is on the rise in tourism and hospitality. People in contingent employment are not offered long-term contracts, but are called upon when needed. This chapter explores whether peer-to-peer accommodation networks are part of the problem or part of the solution. They create new challenges by increasing the competitive pressure on the established commercial sector, which leads to a reduction in jobs and a conversion of full-time to contingent employment. But they also offer new employment opportunities: without entry barriers, people can earn additional income by renting out spare space, and other opportunities – especially for a workforce trained in hospitality – are emerging as listing managers for hosts. These jobs may be particularly suitable to people traditionally struggling with full-time employment arrangements.
Can Australian Universities Take Measures to Increase the Lecture Attendance of Marketing Students?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-09-2009
Abstract: Lectures are a central element of traditional university learning, but Australian lecturers increasingly face very low levels of lecture attendance. A significant amount of research exists that investigates the drivers of lecture attendance. However, those studies typically study single factors in an isolated manner, thus overestimating the importance of in idual factors. This study contributes to the understanding of lecture attendance (and nonattendance) by including a range of factors that potentially affect lecture attendance simultaneously, thus accounting for possible interactions between factors and identifying the key drivers of lecture attendance. The study uses a survey among all students of an Australian university to compute a regression model with the probability of lecture attendance as the dependent variable. Results indicate that only four of the factors previously investigated are significant for marketing students (i.e., the difficulty of the subject, the quality of the lecture as perceived by the student, the quality of the student as indicated by his or her average mark, and the format of the lecture), which leaves little opportunity for Australian universities to improve attendance with simple measures. Instead, the data suggest that universities need to improve the quality of lectures to achieve better attendance levels.
Types of Network Members
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3613
Abstract: Not all guests are the same. Not all hosts are the same. In this chapter, typologies of hosts and guests are proposed. The key dimensions of classifying hosts are how important earning money, befriending people, and living an ethical life are. The key dimensions for guests are saving money, meeting people, having an authentic experience, and finding accommodation that caters to their unique needs. We suggest that each host or guest is a mixture of those pure types and, optimally, compatible hosts and guests can be matched.
The changing importance of vacations: Proposing a theoretical explanation for the changing contribution of vacations to people’s quality of life
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
The international volunteering market: market segments and competitive relations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1002/NVSM.292
Using segment level stability to select target segments in data-driven market segmentation studies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2017
Preventing tourists from canceling in times of crises
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
TOURISM AND VACCINE HESITANCY
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 25-11-2021
Abstract: Vaccine hesitancy is one of the main obstacles facing the tourism industry in its recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Many people are sceptical about the COVID-19 vaccine and decide not to get vaccinated. Our research aims to test the effectiveness of using travel-related incentives to overcome vaccine hesitancy. We investigate (1) whether travel-related beliefs and behaviours are associated with vaccination willingness, and (2) whether alerting people to travel-related freedoms linked to vaccination can increase vaccination willingness. Our results indicate that (1) there is a significant association between people’s international travel history, their desire to travel internationally in the future and vaccination willingness, and (2) this association cannot, however, be leveraged to further increase vaccination willingness as vaccine-related beliefs (safety and efficacy) are the primary drivers of vaccination willingness.
Why the Level-Free Forced-Choice Binary Measure of Brand Benefit Beliefs Works So Well
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2015
Abstract: The level-free version of the Forced-Choice Binary measure of brand benefit beliefs was introduced in a recent article in IJMR (Dolnicar et al. 2012) and was shown to yield more stable – hence more reliable and trustworthy – results than the shorter ‘Pick-Any’ measure and the longer ‘7-Point Scale’ measure. The aims of the present article are (1) to explain how and why the Level-Free Forced-Choice Binary measure works so well, and (2) to point out its advantages over other belief measure formats - advantages that, importantly, include prevention of all forms of response bias.
CORONAVIRUS AND AIRBNB – Disrupting the Disruptor
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 18-03-2020
Abstract: Has coronavirus disrupted the disruptor? We argue that this is indeed the case, and that this disruption will affect the growth of Airbnb on the long term. The first premise of our prediction is that coronavirus is representative of any kind of major shock that has the potential to affect the tourism industry. The second premise is that the consequences of this super-shock are asymmetric. Different types of hosts will face different types of challenges as a consequence of the sudden and unexpected drop in demand. Investors who are in the business of short term rental to make commercial profits will find themselves in a situation where they still have expenses, but no more income. Some of these investors will re-assess the risk of short-term rental and never return to Airbnb. As a consequence, the supply of Airbnb properties will limit Airbnb growth in future.
Beyond temporal reflections in thanatourism research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Competition or collaboration? The effect of non-profit brand image on volunteer recruitment strategy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2013
DOI: 10.1057/BM.2013.9
When public opposition defeats alternative water projects – The case of Toowoomba Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2009.09.020
Abstract: Located approximately 100km west of Brisbane, Toowoomba is home to approximately 95,000 people. Surface water from dams is the main source of water for the city. In 2006 the residents of Toowoomba were invited to vote in a referendum (plebiscite) concerning whether or not an indirect potable wastewater reuse scheme should be constructed to supply additional water to the area. At that stage dam levels in Toowoomba were at approximately twenty percent of capacity. Toowoomba residents, after intense c aigning on both sides of the referendum debate, voted against the proposal. In July 2008 dam levels dropped to eleven percent. Stage 5 water restrictions have been in place since September 2006, subsequently mains water must not be used for any outdoor uses. This paper describes in detail how public opposition in the case of Toowoomba's referendum, defeated the proposal for a water augmentation solution. Reasons for the failure are analysed. In so doing, the paper provides valuable insights with respect to public participation in indirect potable reuse proposals, and discusses factors including politics, vested interest and information manipulation. This paper is significant because of the lack of detailed information published about failed water infrastructure projects.
The readability of articles in tourism journals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
One legacy of Mazanec: binary questions are a simple, stable and valid measure of evaluative beliefs
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 05-10-2012
DOI: 10.1108/17506181211265059
Abstract: Academic researchers love multi‐category answer formats, especially five‐ and seven‐point formats. More than a decade ago Josef Mazanec concluded that these formats may not the best choice, and that simple binary‐answer options are preferable in some empirical survey contexts. The purpose of the present study is to investigate empirically Mazanec's hypothesis in the context of the measurement of evaluative beliefs relating to fast‐food restaurants. The authors conducted an online experiment that asked respondents to assess evaluative beliefs relating to fast‐food brands using either a forced binary ( n =100) or a seven‐point answer format ( n =100). The authors also measured preferences for each of the fast‐food restaurants, user friendliness, and recorded the actual completion times for the survey. The results indicate that the full binary answer format outperforms the popular seven‐point multi‐category format with respect to stability, concurrent validity, and speed of completion. Given the demonstrated strengths of full binary measures, they should be used more by both practitioners and academics when measuring evaluative beliefs. This study provides empirical evidence of the strong performance of the forced binary‐answer format for the measurement of evaluative beliefs, and thus challenges current measurement practice among academics and practitioners.
Political Activism
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3621
Abstract: This chapter explores the engagement of peer-to-peer accommodation networks in activities not aligning directly with their corporate mission, including corporate social responsibility and activism. While corporate social responsibility aligns with societal values, activism often seeks to change them, thus potentially alienating customers. Yet Airbnb – the internationally leading commercial peer-to-peer accommodation network – is very proactively engaged in political activism, including fighting for marriage equality and against the tightening of US immigration law.
Environmental Sustainability
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3622
Abstract: The tourism industry causes significant environmental damage. With demand for peer-to-peer accommodation dramatically increasing and expected to further increase, the question arises whether the provision of accommodation via peer-to-peer networks places a higher burden on the environment or whether it reduces this burden. This question stands at the center of this chapter.
Validly Measuring Destination Image in Survey Studies
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-08-2012
Abstract: Destination image is among the most frequently measured constructs in empirical survey research. Academic tourism researchers tend to use multi-category scales, often referring to them as “Likert scales,” while industry typically uses “pick-any” measures. But which leads to results that are more valid? Findings from a large-scale experimental study show that a “forced-choice full binary” format (where respondents have to tick “yes” and “no” for each destination-attribute combination) performs better than both current preferred formats in academic and applied studies.
E-CRM and Managerial Discretion
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 04-2007
Abstract: Most sectors of industry, commerce, and government have reported variation in the performance payoff from electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM). In this paper we build on surprisingly sparse literature regarding the importance of managerial discretion to show that the heterogeneity of beliefs held by managers about e-CRM execution matter when explaining e-CRM success. Drawing on a data s le comprising 50 interviews and 293 survey responses we utilise segmentation techniques to identify significant differences in managerial beliefs and then associate these belief segments with e-CRM performance. Results indicate that (1) three distinct types of managers can be identified based on the heterogeneity of their e-CRM beliefs: mindfully optimistic, mindfully realistic, and mindfully pessimistic (2) that there is far less homogeneity at the in idual firm level than is normally assumed in the literature (3) that het-erogeneity in managerial beliefs is systematically associated with organisational performance and (4) these results serve to remind practitioners that e-CRM performance is dependent upon the right balance between managerial optimism and realism.
On the heterogeneity of preferences for disability services
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 10-06-2021
Abstract: This paper investigates heterogeneity of preferences for disability services within the theoretical framework of consumption values. We conducted interviews with people with a disability and disability service providers to develop survey items, then conducted a survey with 2000 adult Australian residents who either had a disability or were carers of a person with a disability. After conducting descriptive analyses and data-driven market segmentation, findings revealed that, at the aggregate level, basic or functional benefits of disability services are most important. However, when accounting for heterogeneity, very distinct benefit patterns emerge, pointing to the substantial potential for improving disability services by catering to distinct market segment needs. These insights have the potential to improve disability service provision, thus maximally harvesting the opportunities from disability service models that now often include commercial providers, and enabling people with disabilities to make optimal choices in relation to both services and providers.
PROGRESS IN FIELD EXPERIMENTATION FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TOURISM – A knowledge map and research agenda
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-01-2022
Abstract: The global aspiration to mitigate climate change puts substantial pressure on the tourism sector – one of the most polluting industries – to operate in more sustainable ways. This study reviews intervention experiments in tourism and hospitality aimed at making tourist behaviour more sustainable. The analysis of 53 field experiments reveals the most promising intervention strategies. The resulting knowledge map highlights that past intervention studies were limited to only a small number of relevant target behaviours and intervention types, pointing to many unexplored areas that require urgent attention in future.
A pro-active model of journal editing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Crisis-resistant tourists
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Market segmentation in tourism.
Publisher: CAB International
Date: 18-12-2007
Short-haul city travel is truly environmentally sustainable
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
Chapter 13 Desalinated Versus Recycled Water: What Does the Public Think?
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2010
How can restaurants entice patrons to order environmentally sustainable dishes? Testing new approaches based on hedonic psychology and affective forecasting theory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-10-2023
Tourism Segmentation by Consumer-Based Variables
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 12-12-2008
The effect of information on public acceptance – The case of water from alternative sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2010.02.003
Abstract: This study aims to provide conclusive evidence that information about water from alternative sources increases public acceptance. We conducted an experiment with 1000 Australian respondents asking them about their acceptance of recycled and desalinated water for a range of purposes under two conditions: 1) no information provided and 2) information about the production process provided. Results indicate that - both for desalinated and recycled water - the stated likelihood of use increases significantly if people are provided with information about the production process. This has major implications for public policy makers indicating that providing factual information (as opposed to persuasive c aigns) will increase public support of water augmentation projects.
Sharing economy and peer-to-peer accommodation A perspective paper
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-2022
Abstract: This is a brief review of research into peer-to-peer accommodation - made popular with Airbnb. Extensively investigated areas and significant gaps in prior research are identified, leading to a road map for future work.
Business travellers’ hotel expectations and disappointments: A different perspective to hotel attribute importance investigation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2002
Does Cultural Background Affect Volunteering Behavior?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2009
A typology of quantitative approaches to discovery in tourism and hospitality research
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 14-02-2023
Abstract: Annals of Tourism Research has a long history of knowledge creation through a wide range of erse research designs. This study: (1) proposes a conceptual framework of knowledge creation types (2) determines the frequency of each type and (3) derives recommendations on how to generate more valid and generalisable tourism knowledge in future. Key findings include that 72% of empirical studies rely on survey data only 4% are field experiments. Most studies draw causal conclusions although 34% use one-off cross-sectional survey data, which do not support such claims. The proposed conceptual framework helps tourism researchers (1) gain methodological clarity about alternative research designs and (2) declare unambiguously the type of knowledge they are creating to ensure results are not misinterpreted.
The sustainability–profitability trade-off in tourism: can it be overcome?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-02-2011
Can publicly visible pro-environmental initiatives improve the organic environmental image of destinations?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-05-2023
Tourism and Emerging Infectious Diseases: More Connections Than First Meet the Eye
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-11-2023
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127718
Abstract: Disease outbreaks can severely disrupt the global tourism sector. New approaches for preventing infectious diseases from emerging and spreading are urgently needed to secure the prosperity of the tourism industry. This conceptual article proposes a comprehensive framework of interrelationships between tourism and emerging infectious disease. The conceptual framework highlights the pathways in which the tourism industry itself can potentially contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including tourism-induced land changes, sourcing meat from intensive animal farms, global movement and close proximity of people, and high-risk sexual activities. Based on the interrelationships, the framework proposes tangible managerial action recommendations for tourism businesses and policy makers to contribute to the prevention of future disease outbreaks. This paper concludes with a research agenda on how scholars can support tourism practitioners and governments in reducing the likelihood of future epidemics and pandemics.
Do employees hold the key to environmental sustainability in tourism businesses? Empirical evidence from a field study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-10-2022
A Conceptual Framework of Skilled Female Migrant Retention
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2015
Maximising participation from online survey panel members
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-03-2021
Abstract: Low survey participation from online panel members is a key challenge for market and social researchers. We identify ten key drivers of panel members’ online survey participation from a qualitative study, then determine empirically using a stated choice experiment the relative importance of each of those drivers at aggregate and segment level. We contribute to knowledge on survey participation by (1) eliciting key drivers of survey participation by online panel members, (2) determining the relative importance of each driver, and (3) accounting for heterogeneity across panel members in the importance assigned to drivers. Findings offer immediate practical guidance to market and social researchers on how to increase participation in surveys using online panels.
Does enjoyment focus prevent pro-environmental behaviours?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 18-06-2023
Abstract: Based on empirical findings that pro-environmental behaviour occurs less frequently on vacation, we hypothesise that people have an enjoyment-related threshold for displaying pro-environmental behaviours: they display certain behaviours in low enjoyment-focused contexts, such as at home, but not in highly enjoyment-focused (hedonic) contexts, such as on vacation. We test whether a threshold exists after which the desire to enjoy takes precedence over the willingness to act with the environment in mind. The results of our study show that this is not the case. Contrary to the currently dominant paradigm, we find that home habits and effort also drive pro-environmental behaviours, opening new avenues for the design of behaviour change interventions.
How Airbnb Captures and Disseminates Value
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3603
Abstract: This chapter analyses two of the six vital business model elements, explaining the functioning of peer-to-peer accommodation networks: value capture and dissemination. The other elements are discussed in detail in Chapter 4. We focus on Airbnb because it is the international market leader. Separate business analyses are necessary for other peer-to-peer accommodation networks given that each functions in a slightly different way. In this chapter the business model value capture and value dissemination are discussed in detail for Airbnb.
Assessing the carbon footprint of tourism businesses using environmentally extended input-output analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-05-2022
Selective marketing for environmentally sustainable tourism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Airbnb and its Competitors
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3604
Abstract: Airbnb is the peer-to-peer accommodation network that gets most of the attention – positive and negative. But Airbnb is not the only one. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of existing peer-to-peer accommodation networks, explore their characteristics and propose a typology of peer-to-peer accommodation networks and booking sites.
Drivers of Plate Waste at Buffets: A Comprehensive Conceptual Model Based on Observational Data and Staff Insights
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 09-04-2021
Abstract: The harmful tourist behaviour of taking a lot of food from a buffet, but not eating it all, remains under-researched. This study gains key insights into drivers of plate waste. Observational data show that: dinner buffets are worse than breakfast buffets the latest breakfast serving time is worse than the earliest high-end breakfast buffets are worse than budget buffets. The first meal a guest eats at a hotel and the presence of children also lead to more plate waste. Staff offer consistent and plausible explanations for these observations, resulting in a comprehensive model of drivers of plate waste. This model offers a basis for intervention development to reduce plate waste to minimise environmental damage caused by the tourism industry.
Entrepreneurship Opportunities
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3605
Abstract: This chapter explores entrepreneurship opportunities resulting from the emergence of peer-to-peer trading. Opportunities range from high risk – like the establishment of an entirely new peer-to-peer trading platform – to very low risk – like a local window cleaner picking up additional business from peer-to-peer accommodation network hosts. The unusual aspect of those opportunities is that they: (1) mostly represent opportunities for micro-entrepreneurs potentially opening new avenues for earning money to people who have difficulties finding permanent employment (see Chapter 14) and (2) have the potential to strengthen local economies of rural and regional areas.
What makes foster carers think about quitting? Recommendations for improved retention of foster carers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CFS.12334
Will Networks Become One-stop Travel Shops?
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3606
Abstract: This chapter explores whether peer-to-peer accommodation networks are rapidly developing into one-stop travel shops. Already, airplane seats and a wide range of tours, called Experiences, can be booked on Airbnb. Will tourists soon be able to book everything from airport transport, plane tickets, accommodation, local transport, tours, and travel insurance online? If so, what are the regulatory challenges associated with this? Who is qualified to offer an Experience of kite surfing?
Filling Infrastructure Gaps
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3607
Abstract: This chapter discusses the potential of peer-to-peer accommodation networks to fill significant and ongoing accommodation infrastructure gaps at specific destinations or even entire countries. The case discussed here is that of Slovenia, a small country located at the heart of Europe with one of the highest proportions of nature protection areas worldwide. Slovenia is experiencing substantial growth in tourism demand while having serious shortages in tourism accommodation, especially in the main tourism areas. Hotels are mostly state owned and not maintained to ensure quality standards. New hotels are not being built to meet rising demand. Peer-to-peer accommodation networks can fill this accommodation shortage with little need for investment and construction. The challenge Slovenia faces, as it develops new regulations for listing space on such networks, is how to maximize the benefits peer-to-peer accommodation networks can offer while minimizing potential negative side effects.
Designing for more environmentally friendly tourism
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-03-2020
Abstract: The environmental (un)sustainability of the tourism industry has been debated for many decades. This debate generated le empirical evidence of the environmental damage caused by tourism-related human activity. It is underpinned, however, by a passive position: one of largely accepting the tourism industry as it is, and lamenting its negative consequences. An alternative, more active approach, is to deliberately design for environmental sustainability. This article provides ex les of how the tourism industry can drive a reduction of environmental damage by actively designing brand-owned touchpoints in a way that entice tourists to behave more environmentally friendly. The article concludes with an overview of promising design approaches and a framework to guide the future design of more environmentally friendly tourism services.
Facilitating Events
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3608
Abstract: Airbnb was born around an event. The founders of Airbnb offered inflatable mattresses and breakfast to conference attendees in San Francisco who could not find a place to stay. Airbnb launched at the 2008 Democratic National Convention where attendees with unused space in their homes hosted attendees unable to find commercial accommodation. Airbnb was conceived and born around events. This chapter explores the role peer-to-peer accommodation networks can play in the context of both large, international events and small rural and regional events.
Can publicly visible pro-environmental initiatives improve the organic environmental image of destinations
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-03-0026
Abstract: Destination image formation theory postulates that image affects destination choice, but that only induced image can be improved by marketing. Our study shows that this is not the case. We demonstrate how a destination can proactively and deliberately manage the organic image of being environmentally sustainable by redirecting money typically spent on communicating green credentials towards the implementation of publicly visible pro-environmental initiatives. With organic image being a key driver of destination choice, investing in pro-environmental initiatives suddenly becomes a rational marketing investment. This is particularly important given the increasing environmental concern of consumers. The invaluable side-effect of redirecting “green marketing dollars” towards “green action dollars” is the improved environmental performance of the destination
Testing for Structural Change Over Time of Brand Attribute Perceptions in Market Segments
Publisher: Chapman and Hall/CRC
Date: 29-07-2003
Discretionary Expenditure and Tourism Consumption: Insights from a Choice Experiment
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2007
Abstract: Consumers’ decisions to spend money on tourism occur in the context of the other potential uses of their resources and corresponding values or utilities. Although many studies have examined the demand for travel and tourism, there is no known study that reveals how in iduals and households make trade-offs when allocating their spending among various potential categories of discretionary expenditure. This study assesses these trade-offs empirically through the conduct of a choice experiment on a random s le of Australian consumers. The results provide insight into how each category of discretionary expenditure is valued and how spending in each category competes for a share of the discretionary expenditure “pie.” We discuss the results with an emphasis on the implications for tourism.
Improving carbon offsetting appeals in online airplane ticket purchasing: testing new messages, and using new test methods
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-11-2016
Regulatory Reactions Around the World
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3609
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks are a global phenomenon. Many cities and states around the world are facing significant regulatory challenges because of the high demand for peer-to-peer network accommodation. This chapter discusses that challenges which have arisen and how a number of cities and states around the world – including New York, San Francisco, Paris, London, Amsterdam, Berlin, Barcelona, Reykjavík, Tokyo and Tasmania – have introduced new or changed existing regulations to address those challenges.
Research in a culturally diverse world: reducing redundancies, increasing relevance
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 18-04-2016
Abstract: This paper aims to identify means and ways to reduce redundancies and increase relevance in tourism research in a culturally erse and globalised world. The content of this paper is based on minutes of an extensive discussion (panel as well as townhall-type of discussion) at the 2015 AIEST conference in Lijiang, PR China. Challenges in today’s tourism research world are identified and ways of how to deal with them are shown. Some of those solutions might provoke change in certain domains. This is why ideas are provided for the AIEST to support and facilitate this change. Limitations come from the research settings of this contribution, which is essentially based on records of a panel and a townhall-type discussion. We try to provide food for thought, in order to provoke one or the other discussion. This is why we are happy to receive feeback.
In future, I would love to see … a reflection on the state of quantitative tourism research
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-11-2015
Abstract: – This paper reflects on the state of quantitative tourism research. – Prior literature, observation and introspection form the basis of this article. – Key questions raised include: Do we choose methods because they are suitable or because they impress? Are our results just another number? Why temperature is temperature and loyalty not loyalty? Why are we retesting the same things over and over again? Do we have enough suitable reviewers? Why don’t we study what we are trying to understand: tourist behaviour? – This paper is limited, in that it does not conduct a comprehensive review to provide information on how frequently the observed phenomena are occurring in tourism research. – This paper calls for a change in quantitative tourism research. Specifically it calls for refocusing on the study of actual behaviour, tackling novel research problems or – when existing constructs are studied –building on existing definitions, applying the simplest possible appropriate methodological approach rigorously, dedicating manuscript space to a detailed interpretation and discussion of findings and being open-minded and generous as reviewers while not compromising on methodological rigour. – To the best of the author’s knowledge, this special issue of Tourism Review – including the present article – represents the first attempt to critically reflect on the state of quantitative tourism research.
Carer Factors Associated with Foster-Placement Success and Breakdown
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-07-2018
DOI: 10.1093/BJSW/BCY059
The Sharing Economy
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3600
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks in general, and Airbnb in particular, are frequently referred to as part of the sharing economy. This chapter provides an overview of key characteristics of the sharing economy, discusses how these characteristics relate to peer-to-peer accommodation, and positions peer-to-peer accommodation networks within the sharing economy.
The Business Model
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3601
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks in general, and Airbnb in particular, are frequently referred to as part of the sharing economy. This chapter provides an overview of key characteristics of the sharing economy, discusses how these characteristics relate to peer-to-peer accommodation, and positions peer-to-peer accommodation networks within the sharing economy.
Assessing analytical robustness in cross‐cultural comparisons
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 12-06-2007
DOI: 10.1108/17506180710751687
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to critically review past recommendations to correct for cultural biases in empirical survey data sets, and propose a framework that enables the researcher to assess the robustness of empirical findings from culture‐specific response styles (CSRS). The paper proposes to analyze a set of derived data sets, including the original data as well as data corrected for response styles using theoretically plausible correction methods for the empirical data at hand. The level of agreement of results across correction methods indicates the robustness of findings to possible contamination of data by cross‐cultural response styles. The proposed method can be used to inform researchers and data analysts about the extent to which the validity of their conclusions is threatened by data contamination and provides guidance regarding the results that can safely be reported. Response styles can distort survey findings. CSRS are particularly problematic for researchers using multicultural s les because the resulting data contamination can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the research question under study. The proposed approach avoids the disadvantages of ignoring the problem and interpreting spurious results or choosing one single correction technique that potentially introduces new kinds of data contamination.
Does water context influence behaviour and attitudes to water conservation?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2011
How Airbnb Creates Value
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3602
Abstract: A business model is like an ultrasound for businesses: it provides – from the outside – detailed insight into six vital elements of a business which explain their functioning (Chapter 3). Each peer-to-peer accommodation network is slightly different and requires an independent business model analysis. Here we analyze the business model of Airbnb because it is the international market leader in commercial peer-to-peer accommodation trading and a model other platforms aspire to. We focus on value proposition, creation, communication, and transfer. The other two elements (value capture and dissemination) are discussed in Chapter 5.
The diamond professor: a portrait of Josef Mazanec
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2014
Asking Good Survey Questions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-03-2013
Abstract: Surveys are the main instrument of data collection in empirical tourism research. The quality of the collected data depends on the quality of survey questions asked. This paper provides theory- and evidence-based guidance on designing good survey questions to increase the validity of findings resulting from survey research in tourism.
The excuses tourists use to justify environmentally unfriendly behaviours
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 16-03-2021
Abstract: Tourists want to keep their environmental impact as low as possible (Firth and Hing, 1999 Miller, 2003 McKercher, Prideaux, Cheung and Law, 2010 Mair, 2011), and have many different opportunities to do so. Some behaviours reduce negative environmental impacts directly, for ex le: taking vacations closer to home to keep transportation related greenhouse emissions to a minimum. Other behaviours compensate for negative environmental impacts of their vacation, for ex le: purchasing carbon offsets for a flight. Despite their best intentions, however, people do not behave as environmentally friendly on vacation as they do at home (Dolnicar and Grün, 2009): 46% of consumers intend to purchase carbon offsets, but only 6% (Mair, 2011) or 7% (Dawson, Stewart, Lemelin and Scott’s, 2010) actually do purchase them. Intention-behaviour gaps range from 12% (Sloan and Adamsen, 2011), 22% (Juvan and Dolnicar, 2016), and 46% (Karlsson and Dolnicar, 2016) to as much as 76% (McKercher and Prideaux, 2011). How do tourists reconcile the misalignment of their pro-environmental beliefs with their not so environmentally friendly behaviour on vacation?
Eat Up! Prevention of Plate Waste in Tourism and Hospitality - A Perspective Paper
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 14-07-2020
Abstract: This is a brief review of research into plate waste - waste that is generated by people not eating up all the edible food on their plates. Plate waste is a big problem in tourism and hospitality: it causes environmental harm, creates unnecessary cost for businesses and does not increase the enjoyment of the meal by patrons.
“To Clean or Not to Clean?” Reducing Daily Routine Hotel Room Cleaning by Letting Tourists Answer This Question for Themselves
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-09-2021
Abstract: Changing default settings has proven to be a powerful approach to influencing consumer decisions without denying consumers the possibility of choosing freely. This is only the second study investigating the effectiveness of defaults in tourism, and the first testing also the combined effect of default changes and pro-environmental appeals in the context of changing room cleaning defaults in hotels from automatic daily cleaning (with the choice of opting out) to no daily routine cleaning (with the choice of opt-in and requesting a free room clean every day). Results from a quasi-experimental study conducted in a three-star city hotel suggest that the change in defaults significantly reduced room cleaning, with only 32% of room cleans requested on average. Adding a pro-environmental appeal to the change in defaults did not further reduce room cleaning overall, but has an effect on certain segments of hotel guests.
Reducing the plate waste of families at hotel buffets – A quasi-experimental field study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Framing Advertisements to Elicit Positive Emotions and Attract Foster Carers: An Investigation Into the Effects of Advertising On High-Cognitive-Elaboration Donations
Publisher: WARC Limited
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.2501/JAR-2016-049
Should We Still Lecture or Just Post Examination Questions on the Web?: the nature of the shift towards pragmatism in undergraduate lecture attendance
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Personality and Motivation Matter in Touring Holidays: A Preliminary Investigation Into Heterogeneity Among Touring Travelers
Publisher: Cognizant, LLC
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.3727/108354211X13110944387248
Abstract: Touring travelers represent a significant market in Australia and are expected to play an even larger role in the future. Yet, to date, they are viewed and treated like one large homogeneous market. The aim of the present study was to question this assumption and investigate whether distinct segments exist among touring travelers. Results, based on an empirical study of 430 Australian travelers, indicate that at least two distinct segments can be constructed which differ in travel motivations, sociodemographics, and personality characteristics. These findings can be used to segment and harvest the market of tourist travelers through the development of targeted products and marketing messages.
ASSESSING SURVEY RESPONSE STABILITY A complementary quality assurance protocol for survey studies in the social sciences
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 23-02-2022
Abstract: Survey measurement scales are expected to be stable – to generate the same values across two timepoints and under unchanged conditions. In scale development, stability is assessed by calculating a scale’s test-retest reliability – a prerequisite to validity. Yet, a systematic review shows that test-retest reliability values are reported for only 23% of newly developed scales and typically assessed only at aggregate level – based on scale-level or subscale-level scores. This study (1) demonstrates how (sub)scale-level test-retest reliability indicators can conceal a lack of response stability at item level and (2) proposes a complementary protocol for assessing item-level response stability. Assessing stability at both item- and scale level ensures that only stable items are included in a scale, which, in turn, increases the reliability and validity of the scale and contributes to the replicability of findings in the social sciences.
THE EVOLUTION OF AIRBNB REGULATION - An International Longitudinal Investigation 2008-2020
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 12-03-2020
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation has been extensively studied over the past decade. The area that has most fascinated researchers – and most challenged policy-makers – is how to regulate peer-to-peer accommodation to avoid negative side effects, without restricting economic benefits (Dolnicar, 2019). Regulations are typically reported as in idual case studies at one point in time (Hajibaba & Dolnicar, 2017), yet they continuously evolve, sometimes radically, as in the case of Tasmania (Grimmer et al., 2019). This is the first longitudinal investigation of Airbnb regulations. It develops a typology of destinations based on their regulatory reaction to Airbnb, and identifies key regulatory aims, and specific measures for policy makers to achieve those aims. Our study focuses on popular tourist destinations affected by the normalisation of peer-to-peer accommodation: San Francisco, New York, Amsterdam, London, Berlin, Paris, Barcelona, Reykjavik, Vienna, Tokyo and Hobart. These destinations experienced reduced quality of life for residents (Sheppard & Udell, 2016), reduced housing availability (Ferreri & Sanyal, 2018) and affordability (Zale, 2018), a change in the character of neighbourhoods (Zale, 2018), additional competition for hospitality businesses (Davidson & Infranca, 2018), and potential safety risks for guests (Guttentag, 2015). Residents, commercial accommodation providers and local governments reacted by lobbying against Airbnb. Anyone benefitting from Airbnb (hosts, entrepreneurs and councils earning revenue) supported Airbnb's global lobbying c aign. This tension led destinations to introduce formal regulations.Based on academic publications, media reports and policy documents, we create a chronological summary of regulatory responses and identify generalisable patterns. Four types of responses emerge: regulation and taxation, introduction of a registration system, refinement and modification of regulations, and collaborative initiatives of governments and platform facilitators. We use these responses to track the evolution of Airbnb regulation.
Does hosting on Airbnb offer hosts vacation-like benefits? Proposing a reconceptualization of peer-to-peer accommodation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Why quantitative papers based on primary data get desk-rejected by Annals of Tourism Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Dynamic, Interactive Survey Questions Can Increase Survey Data Quality
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
The evolution of Airbnb regulation - An international longitudinal investigation 2008–2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2202
Do Pro-environmental Appeals Trigger Pro-environmental Behavior in Hotel Guests?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-12-2021
Abstract: Appeals to people’s pro-environmental values have been shown to trigger pro-environmental behavior across a range of contexts. The present study tests the potential of such interventions in a hedonic context where behavioral change does not generate utilitarian benefits (tourism). Results from a field experiment in a four-star hotel in Slovenia indicate that appeals to people’s pro-environmental values fail to significantly increase tourists’ hotel towel reuse and decrease room electricity consumption, suggesting that interventions in hedonic contexts—such as tourism—may require the use of more tangible benefits in order to change behavior.
Desalinated versus recycled water: Public perceptions and profiles of the accepters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2008.02.003
Abstract: Many countries' water resources are limited in both quantity and quality. While engineering solutions can now safely produce recycled and desalinated water from non-potable sources at a relatively low cost, the general public is sceptical about adopting these alternative water sources. Social scientists, policy makers and technical experts need to better understand what is causing this lack of acceptance by the general population and how acceptance levels for recycled and desalinated water can be increased. This study is the first to conduct a comparative analysis of knowledge, perceptions, and acceptability, and determine segments of residents who are more open-minded than the general population toward the use of recycled and desalinated water. The Australian population once perceived desalinated water as environmentally unfriendly, and recycled water as a public health hazard. The general level of knowledge about these two concepts as potential water sources has historically been low. After nearly five years of serious drought, accompanied by severe water restrictions across most of the country, and subsequent media attention on solutions to water scarcity, Australians now show more acceptance of desalinated water for close-to-body uses, and less resistance to recycled water for garden watering and cleaning uses. The types of people likely to be strong accepters of the two alternative water sources are distinctly different groups, and can be reached through different media mixes. This finding has significant implications for policy makers and water practitioners.
Heterogeneity Among Potential Foster Carers: An Investigation of Reasons for Not Foster Caring
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2012
Behavioural market segmentation using the bagged clustering approach based on binary guest survey data: exploring and visualizing unobserved heterogeneity.
Publisher: CABI Publishing
Date: 2001
A review of research into paid online peer-to-peer accommodation: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on peer-to-peer accommodation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Self-Congruity Theory: To What Extent Does It Hold in Tourism?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-06-2010
Abstract: This paper investigates (1) if, and to what extent, self-congruity theory is applicable in tourism, (2) to what extent travel and person characteristics explain the degree of self-congruity, and (3) how the operationalization of self-congruity affects the conclusions about whether self-congruity holds in tourism. Results derived from a large-scale study of Swiss travelers indicate that conclusions depend heavily on how self-congruity is measured. Using a relatively strict measure, more than half the trips under study can be classified as self-congruent. However, travel and sociodemographic characteristics are very limited in their ability to explain when self-congruity occurs.
To Segment or not to Segment? An Investigation of Segmentation Strategy Success under Varying Market Conditions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3582(05)70065-3
Abstract: A computer simulation study is conducted to explore the interaction of alternative segmentation strategies and the competitiveness of the market environment, a goal that can neither be tackled by purely analytic approaches as there is neither sufficient and undistorted real market data available to deduct findings in an empirical manner. The fundamental idea of the simulation is to increase competition in the artificial marketplace and to study the influence of segmentation strategy and varying market conditions on organisational success. Success/failure is measured using two performance criteria: number of units sold and survival of organisations over 36 periods of time. Three central findings emerge: (1) the more competitive a market environment, the more successful the concentrated market segmentation strategy (2) increased levels of marketing budgets do not favour organisations following a concentrated segmentation strategy and (3) frequent rethinking and strategy modification impairs organisations that concentrate on target segments.
An examination of indexes for determining the number of clusters in binary data sets
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1007/BF02294713
“Translating” between survey answer formats
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Identifying tourists with smaller environmental footprints
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-06-2010
Challenging “Factor–Cluster Segmentation”
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-01-2008
Abstract: The concept of market segmentation has been widely accepted and warmly embraced both by tourism industry and academia. In tourism research, this increased interest in segmentation studies has led to the emergence of a standard research approach. Most notably a concept referred to as “factor–cluster segmentation” has been broadly adopted. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that this approach is not generally the best procedure to identify homogeneous groups of in iduals (market segments).
Context- and culture-dependent behaviors for the greater good: a comparative analysis of plate waste generation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2022
Improving the stability of market segmentation analysis
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 23-10-2019
DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-02-2019-0137
Abstract: Data-driven market segmentation is heavily used by academic tourism and hospitality researchers to create knowledge and by data analysts in tourism industry to generate market insights. The stability of market segmentation solutions across repeated calculations is a key quality indicator of a segmentation solution. Yet, stability is typically ignored, risking that the segmentation solution arrived at is random. This study aims to offer an overview of market segmentation analysis and propose a new procedure to increase the stability of market segmentation solutions derived from binary data. The authors propose a new method – based on two independently proposed algorithms – to increase the stability of market segmentation solutions. They demonstrate the superior performance of the new method using empirical data. The proposed approach uses k-means as base algorithm and combines the variable selection method proposed by Brusco (2004) with the global stability analysis introduced by Dolnicar and Leisch (2010). This new approach increases the stability of segmentation solutions by simultaneously selecting variables and numbers of segments. The new approach can be adopted immediately by academic researchers and industry data analysts alike to improve the quality of market segmentation solutions derived from empirical tourist data. Higher quality market segmentation solutions translate into competitive advantage and increased business or destination performance. The proposed approach is newly developed in this study. It helps industry data analysts and academic researchers to reduce the risk of deriving random segmentation solutions by analyzing the data in a systematic way, then selecting the most stable solution using the segmentation variables contributing to this most stable solution only.
Reducing the plate waste of families at hotel buffets – a quasi-experimental field study
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 28-04-2021
Abstract: Twenty percent of all global greenhouse emissions are food-related. Tourism and hospitality contribute significantly, with food accounting for nearly half of the waste these sectors produce. One type of food waste – plate waste – could easily be avoided. Plate waste is the food people leave behind uneaten on their plates. It does not increase the enjoyment of the meal, yet costs the hotel money, and harms the environment. We develop and test – in a quasi-experimental field study – a game-based intervention that reduces plate waste by 34 percent, and is available for immediate adoption by hotels globally. Our study contributes to theory by demonstrating the power of increasing pleasure in pleasure-seeking contexts when aiming to change environmentally significant tourist behaviour. Our findings also challenge established behavioural theories, which postulate that people’s beliefs are the key drivers of pro-environmental behaviour.
Understanding behaviour to inform water supply management in developed nations – A review of literature, conceptual model and research agenda
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2009.07.014
Abstract: Water is a scarce resource in many parts of the developed world. Two solutions are possible to address water scarcity: conservation of existing resources, or the further production of water from new sources e.g. through recycling of wastewater or desalination of seawater. However, the main hurdle to implementation of many of these solutions is often viewed as a lack of public willingness to adopt these alternative water behaviours. Research in this area is therefore crucial. Yet, and possibly due to the interdisciplinary nature of such research, there is currently no comprehensive overview of what has been done before. This study fills this gap by (1) choosing a general consumer behaviour perspective as a starting point, (2) developing a conceptual model of research required in the area of water-related public acceptance studies, (3) identifying eight key water-related behaviours which require future research attention, and (4) reviewing which areas of the conceptual model have been investigated in the past by conducting an extensive literature review of water-related social science research. The review established that the majority of work which has been conducted is located at the cross-roads of personal characteristics and behavioural intentions. Significant gaps exist in relation to researching the adoption of a wide range of demand-side water behaviours. This indicates a dominance of supply-side solutions in social-research exploration. The review identifies a number of research needs including: the exploration of actual adoption of water-related behaviours (rather than behavioural intentions) and to widen the scope of water behaviour enquiry to include more demand-side solutions. Given the increasing scarcity of water in many areas of the world, addressing these identified gaps will be of significant importance. Thus our model informs the social-research agenda for water policy.
Quick, Simple and Reliable: Forced Binary Survey Questions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.2501/IJMR-53-2-231-252
Abstract: Consumers are increasingly saturated by market research, which leads to decreasing response rates and an increased danger of response bias. Market researchers thus face the challenge of recruiting respondents, increasing response rates and reducing respondent fatigue by making questionnaires as short and pleasant as possible. One way of achieving this is to replace traditionally used ordinal multi-category answer formats (such as Likert-type scales) with forced binary scales. This proposition is attractive only if it indeed shortens the survey time while not compromising the quality of managerial insights from the data. This study investigates these conditions. Results from a repeat-measurement design indicate that managerial interpretations do not differ substantially between the two answer formats, responses are equally reliable, and that the binary format is quicker and perceived as less complex.
Newspaper coverage of water issues in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2012.09.028
Abstract: The media has been found to have an impact on public debate, public opinion, and public policy agendas. Public debate, and public opinion about water conservation and water supply management projects matter because they can influence specific outcomes. For ex le, public opinion can potentially lead to positive behaviour, like increased water conservation, or potentially negative behaviours such as public opposition to developments such as dams or water recycling plants, which may be necessary under changing climatic conditions. It is therefore critical to understand how the media reports on water-related topics. Results from a content analysis of 1253 newspaper articles published in Australia in 2008 indicate that water-related reports are characterised by lack of inclusion of views held by various stakeholders, a low level of support of statements with scientific evidence, a low level of impartiality in the sense of reporting on opposing views and a relatively high level of hedging, meaning that the author signals that there is some uncertainly about the reported information. In sum these tendencies could theoretically culminate to work against public engagement in water issues and undermine the public's understanding of and confidence in water management measures. Proactive measures of media management are recommended.
Cognitive load reduction strategies in questionnaire design
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-01-2021
Abstract: Survey data quality suffers when respondents have difficulty completing complex tasks in questionnaires. Cognitive load theory informed the development of strategies for educators to reduce the cognitive load of learning tasks. We investigate whether these cognitive load reduction strategies can be used in questionnaire design to reduce task difficulty and, in so doing, improve survey data quality. We find that this is not the case and conclude that some of the traditional survey answer formats, such as grid questions, which have been criticized in the past lead to equally good data and do not frustrate respondents more than alternative formats.
A review of air travel behavior and climate change
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-08-2023
DOI: 10.1002/WCC.802
Abstract: Air transport challenges the world's net‐zero carbon ambitions. The sector has consistently grown and causes warming as a result of both CO 2 and other, short‐lived emissions. Two principal solutions have been proposed to reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change: innovations of technology and the development of interventions to trigger behavioral change. Technological innovations include new propulsion technologies and the use of sustainable aviation fuels. Behavioral change includes flight avoidance, substitution with other means of transport, the choice of efficient flight options, and carbon offsetting. This article focuses on behavior it offers an overview of factors that lead to consumers traveling by air and discusses demand distribution complexities. The importance of price for air travel decisions is assessed, and evidence of travel “wants” are contrasted with “needs,” the latter investigated in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The review of relevant scholarly work culminates in an action list enabling air travelers, policy makers, the aviation industry, researchers and society to meaningfully advance low‐carbon air transport trajectories. This article is categorized under: Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change Behavior Change and Responses The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Travel Agency Marketing Strategy: Insights from Switzerland
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-09-2007
Abstract: This article provides insight into alternative strategies for travel agencies in a matured travel market with a high Internet penetration. Discounting arguments that claim that there will be no need for travel agents in the future, two possible roles for travel agents can be derived from theory and prior studies in the field: travel agents can survive if they focus on specific specialized services, such as travel consultation (specialization hypothesizing that systematic differences exist between the usage of travel agents for different travel contexts) and travel agents can survive if they focus on specific segments of the market, such as older travelers (segmentation hypothesizing that systematic differences exist between the usage of travel agents depending on the personal characteristics of travelers). Results indicate that the use of travel agencies is indeed associated with specific services related to package holidays, transport services, beach or city holidays, as well as destinations travelers are not familiar with. In contrast, no clear association between travel agent use and sociodemographic characteristics of travelers exists. Hence, the findings from this study support the notion that the most promising future for travel agents will lie in specializing in travel contexts and travel components where other booking channels and media are unlikely to be able to offer a full substitute for travel agent services.
Demystifying the Journal Review Process: An Editor’s Observations
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-05-2023
Abstract: The journal review system has always been clouded by myth. The upholding of established myths and creation of new myths is not productive because it undermines the credibility and trustworthiness of the scholarly manuscript review system and hinders authors’ efforts to get their work published. If we aspire to creating important new knowledge and solutions for some of the world’s most pressing challenges and if we commit to academic publishing as the preferred avenue of quality control, integrity control and dissemination, we must trust the review system. Trust in review systems is best increased by dispelling myths and explaining unambiguously and transparently how the process works. This is the purpose of the present article. The article discusses seven myths that I encounter regularly both in my role as a journal editor and as a mentor of early career researchers. I share my views on each of those myths, hopefully presenting compelling and – where possible – evidence-based arguments that they are misrepresentations of how the publishing process in academic journals works. The discussion of myths leads to tangible recommendations for journal editors, reviewers and authors, which empower them to contribute pro-actively to the upholding of the high standards of scholarly research and the protection of its credibility and trustworthiness. High quality trustworthy research findings have the best chance of being adopted by governments and industry as a basis for decision making. The article concludes with a personal observation about how academic publishing has changed over the past 25 years and how the erosion of some traditional academic habits – such as curiosity driving research – represents a significant loss to the scientific community and society more broadly.
An Investigation of Tourists' Patterns of Obligation to Protect the Environment
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-11-2007
Abstract: The environmental sustainability of the local tourism industry is increasingly a concern. Authors have proposed a demand-driven approach to sustainable destination management as complementary to traditional supply-side interventions. However, little empirical evidence supports the feasibility of such a demand-driven approach. This study contributes to this gap by investigating whether in iduals who feel morally obliged to behave in an environmentally friendly manner represent useful target segments for destination management aiming to improve the ecological sustainability of the local tourism industry. Results indicate that distinctly different moral obligation segments exist that differ in pro-environmental behavior and attitudes. These segments are associated with distinctly different vacation preferences and can consequently be used by destination management for target marketing. Gaps between people's pro-environmental behavior at home and at the destination systematically differ across segments, leading to the conclusion that different combinations of demand and supply-side measures may be suitable to reduce the environmental footprint of different segments.
Segmenting Australian online panellists based on volunteering motivations
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 12-01-2015
DOI: 10.1108/APJML-03-2014-0036
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to seek to assess whether online commercial panel volunteering can be segmented based on their motivations, using the volunteer functions inventor. The authors also investigate whether segments exist which differ in demographic characteristics. – The authors survey 484 Australian online panel volunteers using a adapted version of the 30 item of the volunteer function inventory (VFI) scale developed by Clary et al. (1998). Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cluster analysis, as well as ANOVA and χ 2 test comparisons of demographics between clusters. – CFA verifies that the VFI scale is suitable instrument to gauge online participants’ motivations. Cluster analysis produced a five-cluster solution, where respondents with low motivations overall comprised the largest grouping. Segments are interpreted by assessing the difference between the total s le average and the segment profile. The examination also identifies that the only demographic factor that varies across the five clusters is “respondents” employment status”. – Future research could explore if differences in segments result in differences in online participation. The high number or respondents with low motivations may explain the relatively high levels of churn that take place within online panels and as a result panel operators would need to continually attract new members. Further research could also investigate whether the levels of motivation change over time and if so what effect such variation would produce on respondents’ retention. – Research on online panel respondents’ motivation is still limited and investigating online panellists’ motivation as volunteers is very important as it unveils, as in the study herein reported, that alternative types of respondents may be driven by different factors when joining an online panel (or completing a given survey). Recruitment strategies could, therefore, be shaped to suit the motivation of the different segments. By refining the matching between volunteers’ profiles and their motivation, managers could improve how volunteers are recruited, managed and retained.
THE POWER OF RESPECT FOR AUTHORITY AND EMPATHY – Leveraging Non-Cognitive Theoretical Constructs to Trigger Environmentally Sustainable Tourist Behaviour?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 22-02-2023
Abstract: Behavioural change research for environmental sustainability is currently guided almost exclusively by a cognitive paradigm, which assumes that cognitive constructs drive behaviour and must be influenced to change it. This study challenges this dominant paradigm and tests two non-cognitive theoretical constructs – respect for authority and empathy – in the context of reducing buffet plate waste. Respect for authority (in contrast to empathy) passes the manipulation check and significantly reduces plate waste in a quasi-experimental field study in a Chinese hotel, providing proof of concept for a new, urgently needed, re-orientation in behavioural change intervention design. The intervention tested in this study can immediately be deployed by tourism and hospitality businesses who want to make their buffets more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable.
Residents Open Their Homes to Tourists When Disaster Strikes
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-11-2016
Abstract: Residents are key stakeholders of tourism destinations. Yet, to date, no study has investigated if and how residents can contribute to destination recovery when a disaster hits. The emergence of peer-to-peer networks offers an efficient platform for residents to open their homes to displaced tourists. Such help is particularly critical if key tourist infrastructure is severely damaged. But are residents willing to open their homes and help in other ways? The present study adopts a scenario-based survey research design, including Australians who live in tourism regions and Australian tourists. Results indicate that (1) segments of residents willing to support the tourism industry in disaster situations exist, and (2) tourists are willing to accept residents’ offers of support. The more immediate the emergency, the higher the willingness to help and accept help. These insights point to the potential of involving residents in destination recovery efforts.
Public acceptance and perceptions of alternative water sources: a comparative study in nine locations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-02-2016
Recycled water for consumer markets — a marketing research review and agenda
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
Key drivers of airline loyalty
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
What Motivates Which Volunteers? Psychographic Heterogeneity Among Volunteers in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2007
COVID19 and Airbnb – Disrupting the Disruptor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
RISK PERCEPTIONS, EXPECTATIONS, DISAPPOINTMENTS, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING TENDENCIES OF ONE- AND TWO-STAR HOTEL GUESTS: IS THERE A MARKET FOR LOW-STAR HOTEL CATEGORIES IN AUSTRIA?
Publisher: Cognizant, LLC
Date: 2003
A Sharing-Based Approach to Enticing Tourists to Behave More Environmentally Friendly
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-12-2017
Abstract: Tourist behavior has a critical impact on the environmental sustainability of tourism. The hedonic nature of tourism and lack of an economic incentive make tourist behavior particularly hard to change. Making tourists behave more environmentally friendly would have substantial environmental benefits. This is the aim of the present study. Three alternative approaches are tested. The most successful approach—based on sharing monetary savings with guests—leads to a 42 percent change in one specific tourist behavior with negative environmental consequences. This new sharing-based approach significantly outperforms current approaches of increasing awareness of environmental consequences and of tourist ability to make a change. Tourism businesses should consider replacing current appeals with sharing-based schemes.
The shuttle bus survey: Achieving higher response rates in (longitudinal) guest surveys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Why quantitative papers based on primary data get desk-rejected by Annals of Tourism Research
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 11-08-2020
Abstract: This paper analyses desk-rejection reasons for manuscript submissions to Annals of Tourism Research. Specifically, the analysis focuses on studies that use primary data as the basis of their insights. A small number of key issues explains most desk-rejections, including: the use of weak empirical measures and research designs which do not lead to valid conclusions text-duplication ignoring key changes to the external environment, such as COVID-19 and a lack of (clearly articulated) contribution to knowledge.
An untapped gold mine? Exploring the potential of market basket analysis to grow hotel revenue
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Reduce reuse … and don't recycle!
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Tourism marketing research: Past, present and future
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Communicating with parents of obese children: which channels are most effective?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12463
CAN DISASTERS IMPROVE THE TOURISM INDUSTRY? The role of normative, cognitive and relational expectations in shaping industry response to disaster-induced disruption
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 08-04-2202
Abstract: COVID-19 led to the hibernation of tourism activities globally, causing substantial economic loss and putting at risk the survival of many tourism businesses. At the same time, the reduction in travel activity led to an immediate and unprecedented reduction of global carbon emissions. Many academics argue that the tourism industry should be rebuilt in a more sustainable way post-COVID-19. Based on the sociological theory on response to disruption, the present study provides initial empirical evidence that long-lasting environmental benefits are unlikely to result from the pandemic. Recovery guidelines issued by the UNWTO and six member-based industry associations from different geographical locations and representing different types of tourism businesses form the basis of the empirical analysis. Member-based industry associations represent key information brokers during the pandemic they convey information and advice to their member businesses. The result of the content analysis indicates the dominant impact of normative expectations, which exclusively focus on re-establishing the pre-COVID-19 status. While there is little indication that cognitive expectations – which view the pandemic as an opportunity to transform business operations to be more environmentally sustainable – will be leveraged. This stands in stark contrast to the collective hope that the tourism industry will become more sustainable after the pandemic.
Drivers of plate waste
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
On the importance of field studies for testing theory-driven behavioral change interventions in (sustainable) tourism
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 10-10-2023
Question Stability in Brand Image Measurement: Comparing Alternative Answer Formats and Accounting for Heterogeneity in Descriptive Models
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3582(07)70041-1
Abstract: High quality image data on how consumers perceive brands is essential to make good brand management decisions. Prior studies reveal that brand images are not very reliable, as they are typically measured in industry, which might be due to the answer format typically used (Rungie et al., 2005). The practical implication is that brand image data — as currently collected in consumer surveys — is not a valid source of market information. We challenge this implication. Using three measures of stability we test whether the binary answer format produces image data less reliable than alternative formats. We investigate whether the aggregate descriptive model of brand image stability proposed by Rungie et al. can be improved by accounting for heterogeneity. Results indicate that, compared to alternative formats, binary answer formats lead to equal stability levels, and most brand-attribute associations are stable. Unstable associations typically fail to describe adequately the brands under study. Practical implications include that binary brand-attribute associations can be used safely to measure brand images. Also, practitioners can get guidance about required brand management measures by discriminating between stable and unstable brand-attribute associations. A model that helps managers classify brand-attribute associations into stable or unstable is proposed in the article.
Can theory-derived messages entice consumers to waive daily hotel room cleans?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 08-06-2023
Abstract: Hotel guests expect daily room cleaning, despite its negative environmental consequences. To trigger voluntary opt-out of daily room cleaning, we test the potential of theory-informed messages based on value belief norm theory, social identity and identity theory, hedonic psychology, and the path of least resistance (effort and habit). In a survey experiment (N = 636) we investigate the effect of each message on (1) selected room cleaning choices in an online scenario (2) positive and negative affect. The best-performing messages were based on hedonic psychology (including an incentive), social identity theory (social norms) and identity theory (activating an environmental self-identity) they triggered the theoretical target constructs, increased opt-out, and did not trigger negative emotions. This study offers a comparative effectiveness assessment of latent constructs grounded in different theories as leverage points for behavioural interventions, providing guidance on how to make business operations more sustainable without risking consumer backlash.
Behavioural market segments among surf tourists: investigating past destination choice
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2003
Attracting Volunteers in Highly Multicultural Societies: A Marketing Challenge
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2012
A reflection on survey research in hospitality
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 25-09-2018
DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2017-0386
Abstract: Survey research has developed to become the default empirical approach to answering research questions in the field of hospitality (and many other fields of research within the social sciences). This paper aims to reflect on the use of survey research in hospitality and offers recommendations for improvement. First, known dangers to validity associated with survey research are discussed. Next, a s le of studies recently published in leading hospitality journals is assessed in view of these known dangers. Finally, recommendations are offered for editors, reviewers, readers and authors to mitigate the risk of drawing invalid conclusions based on survey research. Survey research is very common in hospitality research and is used to investigate a wide range of research questions and constructs under study. The nature of constructs studied, the answer scales used and the nature of the s les point to a substantial risk to the validity of conclusions drawn. A number of risk mitigation measures are proposed that can help authors minimise the risks to validity arising from known dangers associated with survey research. These same risk mitigation measures can be used by editors and reviewers in the assessment of manuscripts and by readers to evaluate the validity of conclusions drawn in already published work. The value of this study lies in reflecting from a distance on how the survey research is conducted in the social sciences in general and in hospitality research in specific. The paper reveals that some routine approaches particularly prone to undermining the validity of conclusions may have been adopted and offers a few suggestions how this risk can be mitigated.
Reducing In-Room Heater Electricity Consumption at a Residential University College through IoT-Nudging
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 23-02-2023
Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to highlights a novel collective problem-solving mechanism that has the potential to turbo-charge efforts to make people behave in more environmentally sustainable ways, and to illustrate the effectiveness of such an approach in a field study.
Towards more thorough data-driven segmentation in tourism: a tracking framework for exploring segment development.
Publisher: CABI Publishing
Date: 2004
Drivers of pro-environmental consumer behaviour – Time for new theories?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-06-2023
Abstract: Human behaviour has caused an exponential increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change declared consumer behaviour a key target for climate change mitigation, but effective behaviour change interventions can only be developed based on a valid theory of the drivers of such behaviour. Theories shaping our current understanding rely heavily on cognitive constructs. Yet empirical evidence suggests that this focus may limit opportunities to develop new, different, effective behavioural change interventions. We propose an alternative theory based on habit, effort and enjoyment (HEET) and test its predictive validity against the dominant theory of environmentally significant behaviour: value belief norm (VBN) theory. HEET outperforms VBN in predicting self-reported environmentally significant behaviours, pointing to the need for new theories containing currently neglected theoretical constructs as basis for developing new types of behaviour change interventions aimed at contributing to United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 12: ensuring sustainable consumption.
What can agencies do to increase foster carer satisfaction?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/CFS.12402
Do instructional manipulation checks measure inattention or miscomprehension?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-09-2022
A sharing-based approach to enticing tourists to behave more environmentally friendly
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 18-08-2023
Abstract: Tourist behavior is critical to improving the environmental sustainability of tourism. The hedonic nature of tourism and lack of an economic incentive make tourist behavior particularly hard to change. Making tourists behave more environmentally friendly would have substantial environmental benefits. This is the aim of the present study. Three alternative approaches are tested. The most successful approach – based on sharing monetary savings with guests – leads to a 42% change in one specific tourist behavior with negative environmental consequences. This new sharing-based approach significantly outperforms current approaches of increasing awareness of environmental consequences and of tourist ability to make a change. Tourism businesses should consider replacing current appeals with sharing-based schemes.
‘Pick Any’ Measures Contaminate Brand Image Studies
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.2501/IJMR-54-6-821-834
Abstract: Brand image measures using the typical ‘pick any’ answer format have been shown to be unstable (Rungie et al. 2005). In the present study, we find that these poor stability results are mainly caused by the pick-any measure itself because it allows consumers to evade reporting true associations. Using a forcedchoice binary measure, we find that stable brand attribute associations are in fact present with much higher incidence (70%), thus outperforming both the measures predominantly used in industry (pick-any, 41%) and academia (7-point scale measure, 59%). Under simulated optimal conditions, the forced-choice binary measure leads to 90% stability of brand-attribute associations and is therefore recommended as the optimal answer format for brand image studies.
Drivers of pro-environmental tourist behaviours are not universal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Tourist behaviour change for sustainable consumption (SDG Goal12): Tourism Agenda 2030 Perspective article
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-05-2023
Abstract: This perspective paper reviews past contributions to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 and calls for more future research that develops and empirically test effective behavioural change interventions.Purpose. The purpose of this perspective paper is to draw attention to how the tourism industry can take action to contribute to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 by nudging tourists to behave in more environmentally sustainable ways. Many of the available practical approaches are easy and cheap to implement and therefore can be deployed easily by small and medium-sized tourism businesses. Future research must focus on two directions: (1) the development and empirical testing in the field of new behavioural change interventions that entice tourists to behave in more environmentally sustainable ways, and (2) the development and large-scale deployment of affordable instrumentation to automatically and continuously measure the environmental performance of tourism businesses. This perspective paper synthesizes literature and point to important new future research directions. It is the first synthesis of past tourism research that has developed and empirically tested tangible approaches the tourism industry can deploy to contribute to SDG 12
Environmental Sustainability
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-36122
Abstract: The tourism industry causes significant environmental damage. With demand for peer-to-peer accommodation dramatically increasing and expected to further increase, the question arises whether the provision of accommodation via peer-to-peer networks places a higher burden on the environment or whether it reduces this burden. This question stands at the center of this chapter.
TRAVEL CAREER OR CHILDHOOD TRAVEL HABIT? Which Explains Adult Travel Behaviour?
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 14-10-2022
Abstract: This study investigates a popular theory of tourist motivation – the travel career pattern – and contrasts it against an alternative explanation – that childhood travel habits repeat throughout life. The key distinction is that the travel career pattern predicts change, whereas habit predicts repetition. This study tests competing hypotheses using self-reported childhood and adulthood travel experiences, behaviours and motivations. Results point to childhood travel behaviour driving adult travel behaviour, supporting the key role of habit as a driver of travel behaviour. These findings represent a paradigm shift in our theoretical understanding of determinants of travel behaviour, which implies that habits could be used as leverage points for behavioural change in tourism.
Guests with Disabilities
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-36120
Abstract: Peer-to-peer accommodation networks have been accused of not offering accommodation suitable for people with disabilities, both by commercial competitors who are obliged to comply with regulations regarding this, and by groups protecting the interests of people with disabilities. This chapter investigates the regulations commercial providers are required to comply with, and the efforts made by peer-to-peer networks to accommodate these groups. It also explores needs of travelers with disabilities and ask which tourism accommodation model might be best placed to cater to this market in the long term.
Political Activism
Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-36121
Abstract: This chapter explores the engagement of peer-to-peer accommodation networks in activities not aligning directly with their corporate mission, including corporate social responsibility and activism. While corporate social responsibility aligns with societal values, activism often seeks to change them, thus potentially alienating customers. Yet Airbnb – the internationally leading commercial peer-to-peer accommodation network – is very proactively engaged in political activism, including fighting for marriage equality and against the tightening of US immigration law.
The formation and functioning of the Airbnb neo-tribe. Exploring peer-to-peer accommodation host groups
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Understanding the Australian Environmental Volunteering Market: A Basis for Behavioural Change and a Sustainable Future
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-0001
DOI: 10.1016/J.AUSMJ.2009.06.001
Abstract: The world is facing an environmental crisis. Long-term environmental sustainability requires social change: in iduals need to take personal responsibility for the environment and change their behaviour. Environmental volunteering organisations play a key role in this process: they create opportunities for in iduals to improve their natural environment, they facilitate behavioural change. Successful facilitation of behavioural change requires in-depth understanding of the environmental volunteering market to identify those in iduals most likely to volunteer, compete successfully and create targeted, motivating marketing c aigns. The present study (1) assesses the usefulness of a novel method (PBMS) to explore volunteering markets, and (2) provides insight into the Australian environmental volunteering market structure. Results indicate PBMS analysis provides unique insights into the volunteering market with respect to image, competition and suitable market segments. The environmental volunteering organisation considered in this study, Bushcare, is perceived as “outdoorsy”, “Aussie” and “supporting local community” and competes primarily with Surf Life Saving and the Rural Fire Service for volunteers.
Communicating to culture audiences
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-06-2016
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to provide novel insights into arts consumption behaviour and patterns of communication displayed by arts consumers using Peterson’s theoretical framework, and to identify differences in the use of communication channels across arts segments. – The authors conducted an a priori market segmentation study, with two variables serving as segmentation criteria, namely, the frequency of and the variety of arts events attended. The authors tested for differences in communication patterns. – Four segments were created: low-frequency univores, low-frequency multivores, high-frequency multivores and high-frequency omnivores. They differ in their communication patterns and online behaviours, including their online activities before and after attending arts events. Printed materials and e-mail newsletters were the most effective communication channel for raising awareness of all arts consumers. – Understanding these communication patterns can help arts marketers to increase the attendance of low-frequency segments and broaden the variety of arts events attended by the univore and multivore segments. The generalisability of the findings is limited as the survey was conducted among online Australian arts consumers only. – The paper adds the dimension of arts consumption frequency to the taxonomy of omnivores and univores proposed by Peterson, which is based on the variety of consumed arts only. The paper contributes to communication and arts marketing literature by identifying key differences in communication patterns across segments of arts consumers and the most promising communication channels to engage them.
BRILLIANCE IS SUCCINCT - Embrace and respect the short communication
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 24-06-2020
Abstract: This viewpoint puts forward an argument in support of short communication formats. Such formats are still frowned upon my many universities. Wrongly so. Some of the most brilliant ideas of our time were communicated in short notes.
Behavioral Market Segmentation of Binary Guest Survey Data with Bagged Clustering
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2001
Which types of product attributes lead to aviation voluntary carbon offsetting among air passengers?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Profiling the one- and two-star hotel guests for targeted segmentation action: a descriptive investigation of risk perceptions, expectations, disappointments and information processing tendencies.
Publisher: CABI Publishing
Date: 2004
How constrained a response: A comparison of binary, ordinal and metric answer formats
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
Understanding barriers to leisure travel: Tourist fears as a marketing basis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2005
Abstract: The usefulness of investigating fears tourists associate with leisure travel as basis for strategic and operational marketing is investigated. Tourism-related fears are elicited from the tourism marketplace to gain insight into the precise risks today's tourists perceive. Heterogeneity of respondents with regard to these risk perceptions is investigated in the context of domestic and overseas travel. Distinctly different patterns of perceived risks emerge for different destination contexts as well as sub-segments of tourists. This knowledge could form a good basis for optimizing marketing communication messages to address tourists' concerns more effectively.
Tourism and discretionary income allocation. Heterogeneity among households
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Assessing the carbon footprint of tourism businesses using Environmentally Extended Input-Output analysis
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 08-05-2021
Abstract: The tourism industry contributes eight percent to global carbon emissions, directly and indirectly. Indirect carbon emissions are often neglected because they are difficult to calculate. The traditional approach to calculating indirect emissions – Life Cycle Assessment – is expensive and requires an expert data analyst. We introduce an alternative approach, the Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis. We show how this approach – currently used at macro-level to estimate carbon emissions at national or regional level – can be applied to the business level using carbon emissions generated by one hotel room clean as an ex le. Our comparative analysis shows that Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis leads to similar results as Life Cycle Assessment, while being substantially cheaper and more user-friendly. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis, we conclude, enables tourism businesses to estimate the indirect carbon emissions of their operations, which is the key to identifying target areas for improvement.
Ecotourists: who are they and what should we really call them?
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 30-08-2013
Environmentally Friendly Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-08-2008
Abstract: The study of behavior with environmental consequences (recycling, water conservation, etc.) has received significant attention from social scientists over the past few decades. However, few studies have closely examined the systematic heterogeneity of behavior with environmental consequences. This study tests two specific hypotheses about such heterogeneity: that in iduals differ systematically in their patterns of behavior with environmental consequences and that behavioral patterns systematically differ between context/environments. Both hypotheses are investigated empirically in the home and vacation environment. Results support the assumption that systematic differences in behavioral patterns exist across in iduals. With respect to context/environment dependence, some groups of in iduals do not change their behavior much between contexts/environments. The majority, however, tend to engage in fewer proenvironmental behaviors in the vacation context. These findings have significant implications for environmentally sustainable management, both for local councils and tourism destinations.
Corrigendum to “What affects public acceptance of recycled and desalinated water?” [Water Res. 45 (2) (2011) pp. 933–943]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Community acceptance of recycled water: can we inoculate the public against scare campaigns?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2012
DOI: 10.1002/PA.1429
Uptake of resource efficiency measures among European small and medium-sized accommodation and food service providers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Different Tourists-Different Perceptions of Different Cities
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Date: 2010
The attitude–behaviour gap in sustainable tourism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Do Pro-environmental Appeals Trigger Pro-environmental Behavior in Hotel Guests?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-11-2016
Abstract: Appeals to people’s pro-environmental values have been shown to trigger pro-environmental behavior across a range of contexts. The present study tests the potential of such interventions in a hedonic context where behavioral change does not generate utilitarian benefits (tourism). Results from a field experiment in a four-star hotel in Slovenia indicate that appeals to people’s pro-environmental values fail to significantly increase tourists’ hotel towel reuse and decrease room electricity consumption, suggesting that interventions in hedonic contexts—such as tourism—may require the use of more tangible benefits in order to change behavior.
Do Satisfied Tourists Really Intend to Come Back? Three Concerns with Empirical Studies of the Link between Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-12-2013
Abstract: Explaining human behavior is a primary concern for tourism research and a substantial body of research concludes that highly satisfied tourists are more likely to return to a particular destination. In this article, we provide an analysis of this body of work, arriving at three concerns relating to the strength of association between satisfaction and behavioral intention: (1) the link between constructs is complex, resulting in the frequent omission of causal factors (2) inconsistency with construct operationalization impedes cumulative knowledge development and (3) explainable variance is impeded by between-study heterogeneity. We illustrate these problems by analyzing empirical guest survey data and conducting a meta-analysis of published papers in the three top tourism journals between 2002 and 2011. We offer four recommendations for future research investigating the link between satisfaction and behavioral intention.
Why targeting attitudes often fails to elicit sustainable tourist behaviour
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 10-06-2023
Abstract: Recent reviews of field experiments aiming to entice tourists to behave in more environmentally sustainable ways conclude that attitudes – while the primary target – do not perform as well as expected. This critical review analyses in detail when attitudes have or have not been successful as behavioural change targets and proposes a conceptual framework of possible explanations. In so doing, the study represents the first theoretical – rather than empirical – challenge to the currently dominant theoretical understanding of environmentally significant tourist behaviours and offers alternative theoretical constructs tourism researchers aiming to make tourists behave in more sustainable ways could investigate in future.We investigate in detail experiments where attitude-based behavioural change approaches failed. Based on the insights from this analysis, we propose a conceptual framework offering five potential explanations. We also discuss alternative theoretical constructs that could be used for behavioural change interventions. We derive five potential explanations for why attitudes often fail to trigger behavioural change in the context of environmentally sustainable tourist behaviour: tourists do not notice messages attempting to change their attitudes tourists are unwilling to cognitively process behavioural change messages tourists develop reactance to behavioural change requests attempts to alter attitudes do not influence habits attempts to alter attitudes do not reduce the effort associated with displaying the desired behaviour. This is the first theoretical investigation of possible reasons why attitudes have performed poorly as targets of behavioural change interventions aiming to trigger environmentally sustainable tourist behaviours. Implications – This critical review broadens research attention to alternative theoretical constructs that may be more effective in making tourists behave in more sustainable ways and opens opportunities for new measures tourism businesses and destinations can implement to influence tourist behaviour.
Imprecise wording in academic articles routinely overstates the validity of research findings
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 20-07-2023
Abstract: Imprecise wording in research articles can mislead readers to think that the findings are more powerful than they are. We empirically investigate how common it is for scholars to include statements in their articles which fail to accurately reflect the research design they used. We find that inaccurate statements are made in nearly half (47%) of all 2022 articles under investigation. Concerningly, the sections where such statements occur most frequently are the title, the discussion section, and the abstract – the very sections that are read most, especially by people who are only skimming through the literature. As a result, the risk of misinterpreting and misquoting findings is high, as is the risk that industry may adopt measures developed by scholars to change behaviour, even if there is no empirical evidence that such interventions indeed do change behaviour.
Environment-friendly Tourists: What Do We Really Know About Them?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-02-2008
DOI: 10.2167/JOST738.0
How host responses to negative guest reviews affect booking-specific risk perception, stated booking likelihood, confidence in service delivery and perception of Airbnb – An experimental study
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-03-2021
Abstract: Airbnb reviews, and their effect on future bookings of the reviewed listing, have been studied extensively. What has been ignored to date, however, is the effect hosts’ responses to negative guest reviews can have on booking platforms, such as Airbnb, as a whole. This is the purpose of the present study – the first to experimentally investigate the effect of publicly visible host responses to negative guest reviews, including the effect of valence, objectivity, and length of host responses on stated booking likelihood, confidence in service delivery, perceptions, and booking-specific risk perceptions of the Airbnb platform. Addressing the accusations expressed in the negative guest review and formulating the host response in a positive way have a positive effect on the stated booking likelihood on Airbnb and on the confidence in Airbnb’s service delivery. Longer host responses also increase the confidence in Airbnb’s service delivery and improve Airbnb’s image. The findings from this study contribute to new knowledge they show – for the first time – that the responses to a guest review from one single host can affect the evaluation of the Airbnb platform in its entirety. The insights gained also contribute to the understanding of how host responses are best formulated, offering immediate practical implications for both hosts and peer-to-peer accommodation platforms.
How to Avoid Random Market Segmentation Solutions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-01-2017
Abstract: Tourism researchers and the tourism industry rely heavily on data-driven market segmentation analysis for both knowledge development and market insight. Most algorithms used in data-driven market segmentation are exploratory they do not generate one single stable result. Only when data are well-structured (when very clear, distinct market segments exist in the data) are repeated calculations likely to generate the same segmentation solution. When data lack structure, which is frequently the case in empirical consumer data sets, repeated calculations lead to different solutions. Running a market segmentation analysis once only can therefore lead to an entirely random solution that does not represent a strong foundation for developing a long-term market segmentation strategy. The present study (1) explains the problem, (2) assesses how high the risk is of random solutions occurring in tourism market segmentation studies, and (3) recommends an approach that can be used to avoid random solutions.
The Effect of Funding Changes on Public Sector Nonprofit Organizations: The Case of Bushcare NSW
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2008
Measuring environmentally sustainable tourist behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Self‐congruity and volunteering: a multi‐organisation comparison
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 31-05-2011
DOI: 10.1108/03090561111120019
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether in iduals who prefer different volunteering organisations have different self‐concepts, whether in iduals perceive their preferred volunteering organisation as more similar to their self‐concept than other volunteering organisations, and whether self‐congruity theory correctly predicts consumer (volunteer) behaviour differences across organisations and organisational missions. Data were collected on people's preferred volunteering organisation, their self‐concept and their perceived image from eight volunteering organisations using an online self‐completion survey. Chi‐square tests and paired‐s le t ‐tests were then used to identify significant differences between groups. In iduals who prefer different volunteering organisations differ significantly in their self‐concept. For the three volunteering organisations with high levels of awareness and distinct images, self‐congruity theory held that is, people who volunteer for them perceive those organisations as being more similar to their self‐concept than other volunteering organisations. For the four organisations with lower awareness and less distinct images, the authors found a tendency towards self‐congruity, but results were not significant. In one case, self‐congruity theory did not hold, possibly due to the more “obligatory” nature of the volunteering task. This research extends the application of self‐congruity theory to the volunteering context. It identifies three key dimensions that affect the extent to which self‐congruity holds for volunteering organisations: brand awareness image distinctiveness and whether the involvement is actually “voluntary”. Self‐congruity theory has the potential to be a valuable tool in helping volunteering organisations increase their productivity through better targeted marketing strategies. This study is the first to apply self‐congruity theory to the volunteering sector at the organisation brand level, and gives practitioners an additional tool to improve the effectiveness of their marketing.
The characteristics of potential environmental volunteers: implications for marketing communications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-03-2015
Mission or money? Competitive challenges facing public sector nonprofit organisations in an institutionalised environment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2007
DOI: 10.1002/NVSM.311
STRINGS ATTACHED: NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, COMPETITIVE GRANT FUNDING AND SOCIAL CAPITAL
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-04-2009
Designing for more environmentally friendly tourism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Building tourism knowledge through quantitative analysis: the legacy of Josef Mazanec
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 05-10-2012
The excuses tourists use to justify environmentally unfriendly behaviours
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Beyond “Commonsense Segmentation”: A Systematics of Segmentation Approaches in Tourism
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2004
Abstract: Market segmentation is an accepted tool in strategic marketing. It helps to understand and serve the needs of homogeneous consumer subpopulations. Two approaches are recognized: a priori and data-driven (a posteriori, post hoc) segmentation. In tourism, there is a long history of a priori segmentation studies in industry and academia. These lead to the identification of tourist groups derived from iding the population according to prior knowledge (“commonsense segmentation”). However, due to the wide use of this approach, there is not much room for competitive advantage to be gained by using a priori segmentation. This article (1) reviews segmentation studies in tourism, (2) proposes a systematics of segmentation approaches, and (3) illustrates the managerial usefulness of novel approaches emerging from this systematics. The main aim is to offer academics and practitioners a menu of exploratory techniques that can be used to increase market understanding.
Online Versus Paper
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-07-2008
Abstract: The popularity of online surveys is rising, yet the validity of survey data collected online is frequently questioned. This study compares online surveys versus paper surveys administered via regular mail in the tourism context, and examines in detail the extent and nature of survey bias resulting from survey format-specific respondent self-selection. Results suggest that (1) both online and mail s les deviate from census data population statistics regarding sociodemographics to the same extent (but differ in nature), (2) no differences exist in the contamination of data by response styles, (3) online respondents have a lower dropout rate and produce less incomplete data, and (4) responses to tourism-related questions differ significantly, indicating that survey format can dramatically influence results of empirical studies in tourism. Our findings show that neither pure online surveys nor pure paper surveys administered through regular mail are unbiased. Format-specific self-selection of respondents to participate leads to systematic biases in both cases, making multimethod survey approaches the most reliable way of data collection at present.
What affects public acceptance of recycled and desalinated water?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
TRACKING DATA-DRIVEN MARKET SEGMENTS
Publisher: Cognizant, LLC
Date: 2003
The low stability of brand-attribute associations is partly due to market research methodology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
TOURISM MARKET SEGMENTATION: A STEP BY STEP GUIDE
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 27-03-2013
Identifying superfluous survey items
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Can tourists easily choose a low carbon footprint vacation?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-09-2023
Substitutable by peer-to-peer accommodation networks?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
A post-COVID-19 model of tourism and hospitality workforce resilience
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 08-05-2020
Abstract: COVID-19 is proving more disruptive to tourism and hospitality than World War II. Workers in these industries are hardest hit because few of them had continuous employment contracts before the pandemic, instead relying on non-standard and contingent arrangements including self-employment, subcontracting, and casual work. Non-standard workers typically lack entitlements such as annual, sick and carers leave. Of all hospitality workers, 65% are non-standard workers. A 25% loading on hourly wages is designed to allow them to build a safety net, but this loading is insufficient to ensure workers’ livelihoods for an extended period of time without work. This research note proposes a new post-COVID-19 model of tourism and hospitality workforce resilience.
Comparing Association Grids and ‘Pick Any’ Lists for Measuring Brand Attributes
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2016
Abstract: Using a split-ballot experiment with 940 respondents, this study compares the quality of data from an association grid with data gathered through a single ‘pick any’ list repeated for each brand on a new page in a web survey. The association grid is a multiple response matrix used to measure brand image associations for a number of brands at the same time. Attributes are usually presented as rows, and brands in columns, allowing respondents to select each association they perceive to be true (e.g. Coca Cola – Popular). Our results indicate that larger association grids are answered considerably faster, but are heavily prone to evasion bias and perform worse when it comes to drop-out, comprehension and attention to the task. Smaller association grids have no ill effect on the respondent experience, but are also devoid of material benefit in terms of field time or data quality. As a tool for measuring brand-image association, the association grid is therefore not recommended.
Enabling people with impairments to use Airbnb
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
The contribution of vacations to quality of life
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Which hotel guest segments reuse towels? Selling sustainable tourism services through target marketing
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-08-2016
'Crises' that scare tourists: investigating tourists' travel-related concerns.
Publisher: CABI
Date: 15-12-2006
How important are environmentally unsustainable non-essential hotel service components to tourists? A discrete choice experiment.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 07-03-2022
Abstract: United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 calls for nations to ensure sustainable consumption and production. The tourism industry can contribute to this aim by reducing the provision of non-essential service components with negative environmental consequences, such as single-use plastic items. This study (1) identifies unsustainable non-essential accommodation services, (2) determines tourist preferences for each service compared to each other at aggregate and market segment levels, and (3) assesses the potential of two alternative theory-based approaches (risk reduction through autonomy and gain- and loss- framing of the price) to entice tourists to forfeit environmentally unsustainable non-essential service components. Results from a discrete choice experiment suggest that tourists see little value in most non-essential unsustainable service components and that gain-framing the price represents the most promising strategy to motivate tourists to voluntarily opt-out of such service components. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Harvesting the “Business Test Trip”: Converting Business Travelers to Holidaymakers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
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