ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1217-4521
Current Organisations
Queensland University of Technology
,
German Cancer Research Center
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Early Childhood Education (excl. Māori) | Specialist Studies in Education | Special Education and Disability | Developmental Psychology and Ageing | Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies | Curriculum and Pedagogy | Education Systems | Education Assessment and Evaluation | Community Child Health | Mathematics and Numeracy Curriculum and Pedagogy | Secondary Education | Computer-Human Interaction
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Equity and Access to Education | Learner Development | Learner and Learning Achievement | Learner and Learning Processes | Pedagogy | Teacher and Instructor Development | School/Institution Policies and Development | Special Needs Education | Child Health | Expanding Knowledge in Technology |
Related Links
Publications
Do teachers’ years of experience make a difference in the quality of teaching?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Cohort Profile: The Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-12-2012
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYS173
Abstract: The Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKD-PC) was established in 2009 to provide comprehensive evidence about the prognostic impact of two key kidney measures that are used to define and stage CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, on mortality and kidney outcomes. CKD-PC currently consists of 46 cohorts with data on these kidney measures and outcomes from >2 million participants spanning across 40 countries/regions all over the world. CKD-PC published four meta-analysis articles in 2010-11, providing key evidence for an international consensus on the definition and staging of CKD and an update for CKD clinical practice guidelines. The consortium continues to work on more detailed analysis (subgroups, different eGFR equations, other exposures and outcomes, and risk prediction). CKD-PC preferably collects in idual participant data but also applies a novel distributed analysis model, in which each cohort runs statistical analysis locally and shares only analysed outputs for meta-analyses. This distributed model allows inclusion of cohorts which cannot share in idual participant level data. According to agreement with cohorts, CKD-PC will not share data with third parties, but is open to including further eligible cohorts. Each cohort can opt in/out for each topic. CKD-PC has established a productive and effective collaboration, allowing flexible participation and complex meta-analyses for studying CKD.
Associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with mortality and renal failure by sex: a meta-analysis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-01-2013
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.F324
Department of Error
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global B
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X) (10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Vision and academic performance in primary school children
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/OPO.12582
Abstract: Vision is considered important for academic performance in children however, the evidence in this area tends to be inconsistent and inconclusive. This study explored the association between vision function and visual information processing measures and standardised academic achievement scores in Grade 3 Australian children. Participants included 108 Grade 3 primary school children ( M = 8.82 ± 0.32 years) from three state primary schools in South‐East Queensland. All participants underwent a standard vision screening, including distance visual acuity ( VA ), binocular vision testing and stereoacuity ( SA ). A computer‐based battery of visual information processing tests including the Development Eye Movement ( DEM ) test, Visual Sequential Memory ( VSM ) and Symbol Search ( SS ) was also administered. Australian National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy ( NAPLAN ) scores across five subtests of academic performance were obtained for each child: Reading, Writing, Spelling, Grammar/Punctuation and Numeracy. The DEM adjusted horizontal and vertical times were most strongly associated with all of the NAPLAN subtest scores ( p 0.01), adjusted for age and the socio‐economic status of the school the DEM ratio was not significantly associated with any of the NAPLAN subtests. VSM and SS scores were significantly associated with one or more NAPLAN subtests, as were worse and better eye VA SA showed no significant association with any of the NAPLAN subtests. Performance on the horizontal and vertical DEM subtests was most strongly associated with academic performance. These data, in conjunction with other clinical data, can provide useful information to clinicians regarding their prescribing and management philosophy for children with lower levels of uncorrected refractive error and binocular vision anomalies.
Event-Related Brain Potentials Dissociate the Developmental Time-Course of Automatic Numerical Magnitude Analysis and Cognitive Control Functions During the First Three Years of Primary School
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2010.549982
Abstract: In this study we set out to dissociate the developmental time course of automatic symbolic number processing and cognitive control functions in grade 1-3 British primary school children. Event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral data were collected in a physical size discrimination numerical Stroop task. Task-irrelevant numerical information was processed automatically already in grade 1. Weakening interference and strengthening facilitation indicated the parallel development of general cognitive control and automatic number processing. Relationships among ERP and behavioral effects suggest that control functions play a larger role in younger children and that automaticity of number processing increases from grade 1 to 3.
Epigenome-wide association study of serum urate reveals insights into urate co-regulation and the SLC2A9 locus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-12-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-27198-4
Abstract: Elevated serum urate levels, a complex trait and major risk factor for incident gout, are correlated with cardiometabolic traits via incompletely understood mechanisms. DNA methylation in whole blood captures genetic and environmental influences and is assessed in transethnic meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of serum urate (discovery, n = 12,474, replication, n = 5522). The 100 replicated, epigenome-wide significant ( p 1.1E–7) CpGs explain 11.6% of the serum urate variance. At SLC2A9 , the serum urate locus with the largest effect in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), five CpGs are associated with SLC2A9 gene expression. Four CpGs at SLC2A9 have significant causal effects on serum urate levels and/or gout, and two of these partly mediate the effects of urate-associated GWAS variants. In other genes, including SLC7A11 and PHGDH , 17 urate-associated CpGs are associated with conditions defining metabolic syndrome, suggesting that these CpGs may represent a blood DNA methylation signature of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study demonstrates that EWAS can provide new insights into GWAS loci and the correlation of serum urate with other complex traits.
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 04-10-2012
Symbolic number: the integration of magnitude and spatial representations in children aged 6 to 8 years
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2011
Executive Function in Adolescence: Associations with Child and Family Risk Factors and Self-Regulation in Early Childhood
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-06-2017
Department of Error
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Do teachers know enough about the characteristics and educational impacts of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) to successfully include students with DLD?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Why do we know so little about the factors associated with gifted underachievement? A systematic literature review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people: individual participant meta-analysis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-07-2012
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYS086
Global Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Reduced GFR
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 13-04-2017
Abstract: The burden of premature death and health loss from ESRD is well described. Less is known regarding the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to reduced GFR. We estimated the prevalence of reduced GFR categories 3, 4, and 5 (not on RRT) for 188 countries at six time points from 1990 to 2013. Relative risks of cardiovascular outcomes by three categories of reduced GFR were calculated by pooled random effects meta-analysis. Results are presented as deaths for outcomes of cardiovascular disease and ESRD and as disability-adjusted life years for outcomes of cardiovascular disease, GFR categories 3, 4, and 5, and ESRD. In 2013, reduced GFR was associated with 4% of deaths worldwide, or 2.2 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 2.0 to 2.4 million). More than half of these attributable deaths were cardiovascular deaths (1.2 million 95% UI, 1.1 to 1.4 million), whereas 0.96 million (95% UI, 0.81 to 1.0 million) were ESRD-related deaths. Compared with metabolic risk factors, reduced GFR ranked below high systolic BP, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose, and similarly with high total cholesterol as a risk factor for disability-adjusted life years in both developed and developing world regions. In conclusion, by 2013, cardiovascular deaths attributed to reduced GFR outnumbered ESRD deaths throughout the world. Studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of early detection of CKD and treatment to decrease these deaths.
Early mathematics achievement of boys and girls: Do differences in early self-regulation pathways explain later achievement?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Supplementary Data from A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.22421475.V1
Abstract: Supplementary methods, tables and figures
Covariate‐adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2014
Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without hypertension: a meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Measures of chronic kidney disease and risk of incident peripheral artery disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2318
Abstract: This international collaboration comprises the largest prospective study on blood vitamin D and prostate cancer risk and shows no association with aggressive disease but some evidence of a higher risk of nonaggressive disease.
Eye movement patterns and reading ability in children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/OPO.12854
Abstract: Eye movements are integral to the reading process. This study characterised the eye movement patterns of children differentiated by their reading ability, while completing a saccadic eye movement test with irregular target spacing (Development Eye Movement (DEM) test) using a novel eye movement classification algorithm. Participants included 196 Grade 2 Australian schoolchildren (mean age: 7.9 ± 0.3 years) who completed a computerised version of the DEM test, while their eye movements were recorded (Tobii TX300 eye-tracker). Children also completed a standardised reading comprehension test, which categorised them into below average and average or above reading ability groups. A novel eye movement classification algorithm was developed that considered the vertical and horizontal eye movements of each child. Compared to children with average or above reading ability, the below average reading group displayed poor vertical eye movement control, demonstrated by a significantly greater proportion of interline eye movements (vertical eye movements away from the current line) (p < 0.001). Differences in horizontal eye movements were also observed, with below average readers demonstrating a smaller proportion of expected forward saccades (p < 0.001) (within-line forward saccades with horizontal litude between the minimum and maximum horizontal spacing between digits), while this group also displayed longer fixation durations (p = 0.001). The below average reading group demonstrated significantly poorer results on all standard DEM metrics than the average or above reading ability group: horizontal subtest time (p < 0.001), vertical subtest time (p = 0.004) and ratio (p = 0.004). Children exhibiting below average reading ability were poorer at maintaining control of vertical (interline), as well as horizontal, eye movements compared to children with average or above reading ability. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying these differences, particularly in vertical eye movements, given that reading paragraphs (involving multiple lines of text) requires accurate eye movements in both the vertical and horizontal direction.
Application of mathematical and machine learning techniques to analyse eye-tracking data enabling better understanding of children’s visual-cognitive behaviours
Publisher: EARLI
Date: 07-12-2018
Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on cardiovascular events and mortality among older adults: meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies of the CHANCES consortiu
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-04-2015
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.H1551
Abstract: To investigate the impact of smoking and smoking cessation on cardiovascular mortality, acute coronary events, and stroke events in people aged 60 and older, and to calculate and report risk advancement periods for cardiovascular mortality in addition to traditional epidemiological relative risk measures. In idual participant meta-analysis using data from 25 cohorts participating in the CHANCES consortium. Data were harmonised, analysed separately employing Cox proportional hazard regression models, and combined by meta-analysis. Overall, 503,905 participants aged 60 and older were included in this study, of whom 37,952 died from cardiovascular disease. Random effects meta-analysis of the association of smoking status with cardiovascular mortality yielded a summary hazard ratio of 2.07 (95% CI 1.82 to 2.36) for current smokers and 1.37 (1.25 to 1.49) for former smokers compared with never smokers. Corresponding summary estimates for risk advancement periods were 5.50 years (4.25 to 6.75) for current smokers and 2.16 years (1.38 to 2.39) for former smokers. The excess risk in smokers increased with cigarette consumption in a dose-response manner, and decreased continuously with time since smoking cessation in former smokers. Relative risk estimates for acute coronary events and for stroke events were somewhat lower than for cardiovascular mortality, but patterns were similar. Our study corroborates and expands evidence from previous studies in showing that smoking is a strong independent risk factor of cardiovascular events and mortality even at older age, advancing cardiovascular mortality by more than five years, and demonstrating that smoking cessation in these age groups is still beneficial in reducing the excess risk.
Motor conflict in Stroop tasks: Direct evidence from single-trial electro-myography and electro-encephalography
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2009.05.048
Abstract: Several brain imaging studies have assumed that response conflict is present in Stroop tasks. However, this has not been demonstrated directly. We examined the time-course of stimulus and response conflict resolution in a numerical Stroop task by combining single-trial electro-myography (EMG) and event-related brain potentials (ERP). EMG enabled the direct tracking of response conflict and the peak latency of the P300 ERP wave was used to index stimulus conflict. In correctly responded trials of the incongruent condition EMG detected robust incorrect response hand activation which appeared consistently in single trials. In 50-80% of the trials correct and incorrect response hand activation coincided temporally, while in 20-50% of the trials incorrect hand activation preceded correct hand activation. EMG data provides robust direct evidence for response conflict. However, congruency effects also appeared in the peak latency of the P300 wave which suggests that stimulus conflict also played a role in the Stroop paradigm. Findings are explained by the continuous flow model of information processing: Partially processed task-irrelevant stimulus information can result in stimulus conflict and can prepare incorrect response activity. A robust congruency effect appeared in the litude of incongruent vs. congruent ERPs between 330-400 ms, this effect may be related to the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex.
The Age-Specific Quantitative Effects of Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-07-2013
Glycated Hemoglobin Measurement and Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 26-03-2014
Validity of the +1.50 plus lens screening test as a predictor of uncorrected moderate hyperopia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/OPO.12617
Abstract: Screening for uncorrected hyperopia in school children is important given its association with poorer visual function and academic performance. However, standard distance visual acuity screening may not detect low to moderate hyperopia. The plus lens test is used to screen for hyperopia in many school screening protocols, but has not been well validated. The current study investigated the effectiveness of the plus lens test to identify hyperopia in school children. Participants included Grade 2 school children. Monocular distance visual acuity (log MAR letter chart) was measured unaided, and then through a +1.50D lens, known as the plus lens test. Cycloplegic refraction was undertaken to classify moderate hyperopia (≥+2.00D). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values ( PPV ) and negative predictive values ( NPV ) were calculated for commonly used cut‐offs for the plus lens test: 6/6, 6/9 and less than two lines difference between unaided acuity and acuity through the plus lens test. The s le included 59 children (mean age 7.2 ± 0.4 years). Fourteen (24%) children were classified as having uncorrected hyperopia. The sensitivity and specificity of the +1.50 plus lens test for identifying hyperopia were 0% and 98% respectively for a 6/6 cut‐off, 29% and 91% for 6/9 cut‐off, and 50% and 76% for a line reduction between unaided acuity and acuity through the plus lens test. Receiver Operating Curve ( ROC ) analysis revealed area under curves of 0.69 based on acuity through the plus lens test, and 0.65 for a reduction in acuity through the plus lens test. The plus lens test has low sensitivity for detecting uncorrected hyperopia using traditional cut‐offs of 6/9 or better. This raises questions about the role of the plus lens test in school screening batteries.
Visual information processing skills are associated with academic performance in Grade 2 school children
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AOS.14172
Abstract: This study evaluated the association between performance on visual information processing tests and academic performance in school children. Visual-motor integration (VMI), the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test, visual acuity and stereoacuity were assessed in 222 Grade 2 children (mean age: 7.90 ± 0.33 years). Academic performance was assessed using standardized tests of reading and mathematics (PAT-R and PAT-M). Linear regression analyses examined associations between visual information processing (VMI and DEM) and academic measures, adjusting for school socio-economic background and age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the ability of the tests to identify children with below average academic performance. Visual-motor integration (VMI) and DEM (horizontal time) were most strongly associated with PAT-R and PAT-M. Linear regression models explained 28.6% of variance in PAT-R (VMI: standardized regression coefficient = 0.31, p < 0.01 DEM horizontal time: -0.28, p < 0.01) and 24.1% of variance in PAT-M (VMI: standardized regression coefficient = 0.29, p < 0.01 DEM horizontal time: -0.16, p = 0.02). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that VMI was most strongly associated with below average PAT-R (area under curve [AUC] of 0.74 [95% CI: 0.67-0.81]) and PAT-M (AUC of 0.73 [95% CI: 0.66-0.81]). Visual-motor integration (VMI) was most strongly associated with reading and mathematics scores in school children. A child's academic performance can be an important factor in their optometric management. The ability of clinical tests to identify children at risk of underachieving academically provides additional support to clinicians in managing their patients.
Supplementary Data from A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.22421475
Abstract: Supplementary methods, tables and figures
Representational change and strategy use in children's number line estimation during the first years of primary school
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 mil
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY016
Meta-analyses identify DNA methylation associated with kidney function and damage
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-12-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-27234-3
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health burden. Elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio is a measure of kidney damage, and used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease. To extend the knowledge on regulatory mechanisms related to kidney function and disease, we conducted a blood-based epigenome-wide association study for estimated glomerular filtration rate (n = 33,605) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (n = 15,068) and detected 69 and seven CpG sites where DNA methylation was associated with the respective trait. The majority of these findings showed directionally consistent associations with the respective clinical outcomes chronic kidney disease and moderately increased albuminuria. Associations of DNA methylation with kidney function, such as CpGs at JAZF1 , PELI1 and CHD2 were validated in kidney tissue. Methylation at PHRF1 , LDB2 , CSRNP1 and IRF5 indicated causal effects on kidney function. Enrichment analyses revealed pathways related to hemostasis and blood cell migration for estimated glomerular filtration rate, and immune cell activation and response for urinary albumin-to-creatinineratio-associated CpGs.
Equalization of four cardiovascular risk algorithms after systematic recalibration: individual-participant meta-analysis of 86 prospective studies
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-11-2018
Cystatin C versus Creatinine in Determining Risk Based on Kidney Function
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 05-09-2013
Age and Association of Kidney Measures With Mortality and End-stage Renal Disease
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-12-2012
Assessing Risk Prediction Models Using Individual Participant Data From Multiple Studies
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-12-2013
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWT298
The effect of sample size on polygenic hazard models for prostate cancer
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 21-06-2019
DOI: 10.1101/679092
Abstract: We aimed to determine the effect of s le size on performance of polygenic hazard score (PHS) models in predicting the age at onset of prostate cancer. Age and genotypes were obtained for 40,861 men from the PRACTICAL consortium. The dataset included 201,590 SNPs per subject, and was split into training (34,444 s les) and testing (6,417 s les) sets. Two PHS model-building strategies were investigated. Established-SNP model considered 65 SNPs that had been associated with prostate cancer in the literature. A stepwise SNP selection was used to develop Discovery-SNP models. The performance of each PHS model was calculated for random sizes of the training set (1 to 30 thousand). The performance of a representative Established-SNP model was estimated for random sizes of the testing set (0.5 to 6 thousand). Mean HR 98/50 (hazard ratio of top 2% to the average in the test set) of the Established-SNP model increased from 1.73[95%CI: 1.69-1.77] to 2.41[2.40-2.43] when the number of training s les was increased from 1 to 30 thousand. The corresponding HR 98/50 of the Discovery-SNP model increased from 1.05[0.93-1.18] to 2.19[2.16-2.23]. HR 98/50 of a representative Established-SNP model using testing set s le sizes of 0.6 and 6 thousand observations were 1.78[1.70-1.85] and 1.73[1.71-1.76], respectively. We estimate that a study population of 20 to 30 thousand men is required to develop Discovery-SNP PHS models for prostate cancer. The required s le size could be reduced to 10 thousand s les, if a set of SNPs associated with the disease has already been established. Polygenic hazard scores represent a recent advancement in polygenic prediction to model the age of onset of various diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or prostate cancer. These scores accumulate small effect sizes from several tens of genetic variants and can be used to establish an in idual’s risk of experiencing an event relative to a control population across time. The largest barrier to the development of polygenic hazard scores is the large number of study subjects needed to develop the underlying models. We sought to understand the effect of varying the total number of s les on the performance of a polygenic hazard score in the context of prostate cancer. We found that the performance of the score did not appreciably change beyond 20 to 30 thousand observations when developing the model from scratch. However, when the discovery of the genetic variants can be borrowed from those already identified in the literature to be associated with the disease, the required number of s les is reduced to 10 thousand with no appreciable detriment in performance. We hope that these results can guide the design of future studies of polygenic scores in other diseases and demonstrate the importance of genome-wide association studies.
Executive function effects and numerical development in children: Behavioural and ERP evidence from a numerical Stroop paradigm
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
A Genetic Risk Score to Personalize Prostate Cancer Screening, Applied to Population Data
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1527
Abstract: A polygenic hazard score (PHS), the weighted sum of 54 SNP genotypes, was previously validated for association with clinically significant prostate cancer and for improved prostate cancer screening accuracy. Here, we assess the potential impact of PHS-informed screening. United Kingdom population incidence data (Cancer Research United Kingdom) and data from the Cluster Randomized Trial of PSA Testing for Prostate Cancer were combined to estimate age-specific clinically significant prostate cancer incidence (Gleason score ≥7, stage T3–T4, PSA ≥10, or nodal/distant metastases). Using HRs estimated from the ProtecT prostate cancer trial, age-specific incidence rates were calculated for various PHS risk percentiles. Risk-equivalent age, when someone with a given PHS percentile has prostate cancer risk equivalent to an average 50-year-old man (50-year-standard risk), was derived from PHS and incidence data. Positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA testing for clinically significant prostate cancer was calculated using PHS-adjusted age groups. The expected age at diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer differs by 19 years between the 1st and 99th PHS percentiles: men with PHS in the 1st and 99th percentiles reach the 50-year-standard risk level at ages 60 and 41, respectively. PPV of PSA was higher for men with higher PHS-adjusted age. PHS provides in idualized estimates of risk-equivalent age for clinically significant prostate cancer. Screening initiation could be adjusted by a man's PHS. Personalized genetic risk assessments could inform prostate cancer screening decisions.
Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Subsequent Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Mortality
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 25-06-2014
Relationship of Estimated GFR and Albuminuria to Concurrent Laboratory Abnormalities: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis in a Global Consortium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Data from A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.C.6510939
Abstract: Abstract Previous prospective studies assessing the relationship between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk have shown inconclusive results, particularly for risk of aggressive disease. In this study, we examine the association between prediagnostic concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH) sub /sub D] and the risk of prostate cancer overall and by tumor characteristics. Principal investigators of 19 prospective studies provided in idual participant data on circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) sub /sub D for up to 13,462 men with incident prostate cancer and 20,261 control participants. ORs for prostate cancer by study-specific fifths of season-standardized vitamin D concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with risk for total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted OR comparing highest vs. lowest study-specific fifth was 1.22 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.31 i P /i trend 0.001). However, this association varied by disease aggressiveness ( i P /i sub heterogeneity /sub = 0.014) higher circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of nonaggressive disease (OR per 80 percentile increase = 1.24, 1.13–1.36) but not with aggressive disease (defined as stage 4, metastases, or prostate cancer death, 0.95, 0.78–1.15). 1,25(OH) sub /sub D concentration was not associated with risk for prostate cancer overall or by tumor characteristics. The absence of an association of vitamin D with aggressive disease does not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases prostate cancer risk. Rather, the association of high circulating 25(OH)D concentration with a higher risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer may be influenced by detection bias. Significance: This international collaboration comprises the largest prospective study on blood vitamin D and prostate cancer risk and shows no association with aggressive disease but some evidence of a higher risk of nonaggressive disease. /
Vision screening outcomes of Grade 3 children in Australia: Differences in academic achievement
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Differential Entrainment of Neuroelectric Delta Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-10-2013
Comparison of Risk Prediction Using the CKD-EPI Equation and the MDRD Study Equation for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 09-05-2012
Relative risks of chronic kidney disease for mortality and end-stage renal disease across races are similar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1038/KI.2013.553
Vitamin D and cognitive function: A Mendelian randomisation study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-13189-3
Abstract: The causal nature of the association between hypovitaminosis D and poor cognitive function in mid- to later-life is uncertain. Using a Mendelian randomisation(MR) approach, we examined the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Data came from 172,349 participants from 17 cohorts. DHCR7 (rs12785878), CYP2R1 rs12794714) and their combined synthesis score were chosen to proxy 25(OH)D. Cognitive tests were standardised into global and memory scores. Analyses were stratified by 25(OH)D tertiles, sex and age. Random effects meta-analyses assessed associations between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Associations of serum 25(OH)D with global and memory-related cognitive function were non-linear (lower cognitive scores for both low and high 25(OH)D, p curvature ≤ 0.006), with much of the curvature attributed to a single study. DHCR7 , CYP2R1 , and the synthesis score were associated with small reductions in 25(OH)D per vitamin D-decreasing allele. However, coefficients for associations with global or memory-related cognitive function were non-significant and in opposing directions for DHCR7 and CYP2R1 , with no overall association observed for the synthesis score . Coefficients for the synthesis score and global and memory cognition were similar when stratified by 25(OH)D tertiles, sex and age. We found no evidence for serum 25(OH)D concentration as a causal factor for cognitive performance in mid- to later life.
A framework for quantifying net benefits of alternative prognostic models
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2011
DOI: 10.1002/SIM.4362
A translational application of music for preschool cognitive development: RCT evidence for improved executive function, self‐regulation, and school readiness
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DESC.13358
Abstract: The benefits of active music participation and training for cognitive development have been evidenced in multiple studies, with this link leveraged in music therapy approaches with clinical populations. Although music, rhythm, and movement activities are widely integrated into children's play and early education, few studies have systematically translated music therapy‐based approaches to a nonclinical population to support early cognitive development. This study reports the follow‐up effects of the Rhythm and Movement for Self Regulation (RAMSR) program delivered by generalist preschool teachers in low socioeconomic communities. This randomized control trial (RCT) involved 213 children across eight preschools in disadvantaged communities in Queensland, Australia. The intervention group received 16–20 sessions of RAMSR over 8 weeks, while the control group undertook usual preschool programs. Primary outcome measures included executive function (child assessment of shifting, working memory, and inhibition) and self‐regulation (teacher report), with secondary outcomes of school readiness and visual‐motor integration. Data were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention, and again 6 months later once children had transitioned into school. Results demonstrated significant intervention effects across the three time points for school readiness ( p = 0.038, η p 2 = 0.09), self‐regulation ( p 0.001, η p 2 = 0.08), and inhibition ( p = 0.002 η p 2 = 0.23). Additionally, the feasibility of building capacity in teachers without any music background to successfully deliver the program was evidenced. These findings are important given that children from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to need support for cognitive development yet have inequitable access to quality music and movement programs. Initial effects of self‐regulation from a rhythm and movement program were sustained following transition into school for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Delayed effects of inhibition and school readiness from a rhythm and movement program appeared 6 months post‐intervention as children entered school. Generalist teachers can successfully implement a rhythm and movement program, which boosts critical developmental cognitive skills.
Data from A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.C.6510939.V1
Abstract: Abstract Previous prospective studies assessing the relationship between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk have shown inconclusive results, particularly for risk of aggressive disease. In this study, we examine the association between prediagnostic concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH) sub /sub D] and the risk of prostate cancer overall and by tumor characteristics. Principal investigators of 19 prospective studies provided in idual participant data on circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) sub /sub D for up to 13,462 men with incident prostate cancer and 20,261 control participants. ORs for prostate cancer by study-specific fifths of season-standardized vitamin D concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with risk for total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted OR comparing highest vs. lowest study-specific fifth was 1.22 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.31 i P /i trend 0.001). However, this association varied by disease aggressiveness ( i P /i sub heterogeneity /sub = 0.014) higher circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of nonaggressive disease (OR per 80 percentile increase = 1.24, 1.13–1.36) but not with aggressive disease (defined as stage 4, metastases, or prostate cancer death, 0.95, 0.78–1.15). 1,25(OH) sub /sub D concentration was not associated with risk for prostate cancer overall or by tumor characteristics. The absence of an association of vitamin D with aggressive disease does not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases prostate cancer risk. Rather, the association of high circulating 25(OH)D concentration with a higher risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer may be influenced by detection bias. Significance: This international collaboration comprises the largest prospective study on blood vitamin D and prostate cancer risk and shows no association with aggressive disease but some evidence of a higher risk of nonaggressive disease. /
The influence of perceived maternal psychological control on academic performance in Chinese adolescents: Moderating roles of adolescents' age, gender and filial piety
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-09-2018
A longitudinal analysis of the alignment between children’s early word-level reading trajectories, teachers’ reported concerns and supports provided
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S11145-020-10023-7
Abstract: In this longitudinal study, the word-level reading trajectories of 118 children were tracked alongside teachers’ reported concerns and types of support provided through Grades 1, 2 and 3. Results show a significant decline in composite scores relative to age norms over time, with children achieving significantly lower in phonemic decoding than word recognition at the subtest level. Five group trajectories were identified: children who achieved average or above average scores across all 3 years ( n = 64), children who consistently bordered on average ( n = 11), children who achieved below average in Grade 1 but who then achieved average or above in Grade 2 or Grade 3 ( n = 7), children who achieved average or above in Grade 1 but then declined to below average in Grade 2 or Grade 3 ( n = 10), and children who achieved below average across all 3 years ( n = 26). Appropriately, teachers’ concerns were highest for students in the groups that improved, declined or remained persistently below average. However, analysis of the focus of teachers’ concerns and the supports they said were provided to the children in these three groups suggests that teachers are not always accurate in their interpretation of children’s presenting characteristics, resulting in the misalignment of support provision.
The associations between perceived maternal psychological control and academic performance and academic self-concept in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of basic psychological needs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2017
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