ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6767-6190
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Law | Law Not Elsewhere Classified | Policy And Administration Not Elsewhere Classified | Law not elsewhere classified | Public Health And Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified | Detection And Prevention Of Crime; Security Services | Nanotechnology | Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions | Public Health and Health Services | International Law (excl. International Trade Law) | Evidence And Procedure | Nanomaterials | Clinical Pharmacology And Therapeutics | Criminology | Defence Studies | Intellectual Property
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Public health not elsewhere classified | Law enforcement | Energy Storage, Distribution and Supply not elsewhere classified | Combined operations | Emerging Defence Technologies | Expanding Knowledge in Law and Legal Studies | Defence and Security Policy | National Security | Evaluation of health outcomes | Occupational health (excl. economic development aspects) | Health policy evaluation | Environmental policy, legislation and standards not elsewhere classified | Other | Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy | Information services not elsewhere classified | Prevention—biologicals (e.g. vaccines) | Treatments (e.g. chemicals, antibiotics) | Social structure and health |
Related Links
Publications
Normative role for medical humanities [6]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2003
Bilateral trade agreements as drivers of national and transnational benefit from health technology policy: Implications of recent US deals for Australian negotiations with China and India
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2008
Policy challenges of nanomedicine for Australia's PBS
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/AH090258
Abstract: All major pharmaceutical companies are currently investing significantly in the development of medicines with a nanotechnology component. Such research promises therapeutic drugs with greater efficacy and a wider range of clinical indications. Nanomedicines are just beginning to enter drug regulatory processes, but within a few decades could comprise a dominant group within the class of innovative pharmaceuticals. The current thinking of government safety and cost-effectiveness regulators appears to be that these products give rise to few if any nano-specific issues. This article challenges that proposition and seeks to explore what features of nanomedicines may create unique or heightened policy challenges for government systems of cost-effectiveness regulation. The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a key exemplar of the latter type of regulation in that it links expert scientific evaluation of cost-effectiveness with the pricing of PBSlisted drugs. In the current global financial crisis such systems are likely to become increasingly attractive and how they handle the demands made upon them by nanomedicines (including by application of a variation of the precautionary principle) is likely to be of considerable interest to policy makers worldwide.
'Linkage' pharmaceutical evergreening in Canada and Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2007
Because they have evidence: Globalizing financial incentives for corporate fraud whistleblowers
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 29-08-2014
Challenges for Australia's bio/nanopharma policies: Trade deals, public goods and reference pricing in sustainable industrial renewal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2007
Assessing the impact of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement on Australian and global medicines policy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2005
Abstract: On 1 January 2005, a controversial trade agreement entered into force between Australia and the United States. Though heralded by the parties as facilitating the removal of barriers to free trade (in ways not achievable in multilateral fora), it also contained many trade-restricting intellectual property provisions and others uniquely related to altering pharmaceutical regulation and public health policy in Australia. The latter appear to have particularly focused on the world-respected process of federal government reimbursement after expert cost-effectiveness evaluation, popularly known as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme ('PBS'). It remains uncertain what sort of impacts – if any – the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement ('AUSFTA') will have on PBS processes such as reference pricing and their important role in facilitating equitable and affordable access to essential medicines. This is now the field of inquiry for a major three year Australian Research Council ('ARC')-funded study bringing together a team of senior researchers in regulatory theory from the Australian National University and pharmacoeconomics from the University of Newcastle. The project proposes to monitor, assess and analyse the real and potential impacts of the AUSFTA in this area, providing Australian policy-makers with continuing expertise and options. To the extent that the AUSFTA medicines provisions may represent animportant precedent in a global strategy by industry oncost-effectiveness evaluation of pharmaceuticals, the study will also beof great interest to policy makers in other jurisdictions.
Global artificial photosynthesis: transition from Corporatocene to Sustainocene
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Date: 2016
Nanotechnology for a sustainable world: Global artificial photosynthesis as nanotechnology's moral culmination
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 30-04-2012
Toward a treaty on safety and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and medical devices: Enhancing an endangered global public good
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2006
Abstract: • Expert evaluations of the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and medical devices, prior to marketing approval or reimbursement listing, collectively represent a globally important public good. The scientific processes involved play a major role in protecting the public from product risks such as unintended or adverse events, sub-standard production and unnecessary burdens on in idual and governmental healthcare budgets. • Most States now have an increasing policy interest in this area, though institutional arrangements, particularly in the area of cost-effectiveness analysis of medical devices, are not uniformly advanced and are fragile in the face of opposing multinational industry pressure to recoup investment and maintain profit margins. • This paper examines the possibility, in this context, of States commencing negotiations toward bilateral trade agreement provisions, and ultimately perhaps a multilateral Treaty, on safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Such obligations may robustly facilitate a conceptually interlinked, but endangered, global public good, without compromising the capacity of intellectual property laws to facilitate local product innovations.
Nanotechnology and Military Attacks on Photosynthesis
Publisher: T.M.C. Asser Press
Date: 24-12-2013
Sustainable fuel, food, fertilizer and ecosystems through a global artificial photosynthetic system: Overcoming anticompetitive barriers
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 06-06-2015
Abstract: This article discusses challenges that artificial photosynthetic (AP) systems will face when entering and competing in a global market characterized by established fossil fuel technology. It provides a perspective on the neoliberal principles underpinning much policy entrenching such environmentally destructive technology and outlines how competition law could aid overcoming these hurdles for AP development. In particular, it critiques the potential for competition law to promote a global AP initiative with greater emphasis on atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen fixation (as well as solar-driven water splitting) to produce an equitable, globally distributed source of human food, fertilizer and biosphere sustainability, as well as hydrogen-based fuel. Some relevant strategies of competition law evaluated in this context include greater citizen–consumer involvement in shaping market values, legal requirements to factor services from the natural environment (i.e. provision of clean air, water, soil pollution degradation) into corporate costs, reform of corporate taxation and requirements to balance maximization of shareholder profit with contribution to a nominated public good, a global financial transactions tax, as well as prohibiting horizontal cartels, vertical agreements and unilateral misuse of market power.
Sunscreen safety: The precautionary principle, the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration and nanoparticles in sunscreens
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-07-2008
???Atypical?? Antidepressants in Overdose
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.2165/00002018-200326080-00002
Abstract: The 'atypical' antidepressants comprise a heterogenous class with wide variation in presentation and management during overdose, both when compared with each other and with more traditional agents.Further toxico-epidemiological data are required to make definitive predictions about the clinical effects of most of these agents in overdose. Here, however, we review the available information in a manner intended to benefit both prescribers and clinical toxicologists. Our conclusion is that there can be no generic response by medical practitioners as to the 'safety' of these new antidepressants. Though undoubtedly exhibiting fewer problems in specific areas than some of the older classes of agents (e.g. arrhythmias with tricyclic antidepressants) each nonetheless presents unique safety problems. We experienced great difficulty obtaining accurate information from the manufacturers about the animal toxicity data upon which their recommended human dose limits were set. This highlights the uncertainties involved with too readily making 'safety' claims about these agents. The decision to prescribe 'atypical' antidepressant medications alleged to be both efficacious and safe in overdose involves a medicolegal tension. This tension is between respecting patient autonomy through frank communication of the material risk of overdose and non-disclosure to avoid such harm.
The affordability of prescription medicines in Australia: are copayments and safety net thresholds too high?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/AH11153
Abstract: Objective. To create and report survey-based indicators of the affordability of prescription medicines for patients in Australia. Method. A cross-sectional study of 1502 randomly selected participants in the Hunter Region of NSW, were interviewed by telephone. Main outcome measure. The self-reported financial burden of obtaining prescription medicines. Results. Data collection was completed with a response rate of 59.0%. Participants who had received and filled at least one prescription medicine in the previous 3 months, and eligible for analysis (n=952), were asked to self-report the level of financial burden from obtaining these medicines. Extreme and heavy financial burdens were reported by 2.1% and 6.8% of participants, respectively. A moderate level of burden was experienced by a further 19.5%. Low burden was recorded for participants who said that their prescription medicines presented either a slight burden (29.0%) or were no burden at all (42.6%). Conclusion. A substantial minority of participants who had obtained prescription medicines in the 3 months prior to survey experienced a level of financial burden from the cost of these medicines that was reported as being moderate to extreme. What is known about the topic? The Australian National Medicines Policy aims to, amongst other things, facilitate access to medicines at a cost that is affordable to in iduals and the community. Copayments combined with the safety net and brand price premium are the main determinants of the amount that patients pay for PBS listed prescription medicines. Previous surveys have reported on selected aspects of medicine affordability in Australia and have shown some groups in the population experience difficulty with the cost of their medicines. What does this paper add? This paper develops and reports on a set of indicators that can be used to periodically measure the level of self-reported financial burden experienced by Australians when obtaining prescription medicines. The analysis assesses affordability issues for both general patients and patients who are able to access prescription medicines using a concession card. What are the implications? Our research suggests that, as they stand, the copayment and safety net thresholds are not protecting nearly one-third of Australian patients from financial burden. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation is required to ensure the copayment and safety net thresholds do not jeopardise the National Medicines Policy’s principle of equitable and affordable access to medicines.
Is quality assurance compatible with technological innovation? Case studies of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in United Kingdom higher education
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-11-2021
Artificial photosynthesis as a frontier technology for energy sustainability
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE40534F
Innovation and insufficient evidence: The case for a WTO–WHO agreement on health technology safety and Cost-Effectiveness evaluation
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 24-06-2010
Nanotechnology in Japan: A route to energy security after Fukushima?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2013
Collaborative research trials: A strategy for fostering mental health protections in developing nations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
Melatonin supplementation from early morning auto-urine drinking
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(91)90129-M
Abstract: Drinking one's morning urine ('amaroli') is a traditional practice of the yogic religion still widely performed. The pineal hormone melatonin and its conjugated esters are present in morning urine in significant quantities. Drinking the first morning urine restores plasma night-time melatonin levels due to deconjugation of its esters to melatonin. Exogenous melatonin, by either regulation of the sleep-wake cycle or enhancement of the physiological prerequisites for mediation (decreased body awareness (i.e. analgesia) and claimed slowed brain wave activity and heightened visualization ability) may be the mechanism behind the alleged benefits of 'amaroli'.
MOOCs, disruptive innovation and the future of higher education: A conceptual analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-03-2019
Of Consents And Consorts: Reporting Ethics, Law, And Human Rights In Rcts Involving Monitored Overdose Of Healthy Volunteers Pre And Post The “Consort” Guidelines
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Abstract: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic interventions in acute drug overdose present a significant challenge for ethical, legal, and human rights protections of research subjects, particularly when healthy volunteers are involved. The CONSORT statement on the uniform reporting of clinical trials was published in 1996 with the overall aim of improving the reporting of RCTs, both in idually and to facilitate their inclusion into systematic reviews. In CONSORT, reporting of ethical, legal, and human rights protections, including prior evaluation of the study by an ethics committee and provision of informed consent, was largely an implicit requirement. Those drafting CONSORT may have assumed such protections and the rights of study subjects were secured by existing doctor-patient relationships. Alternatively, CONSORT may have been viewed as likely to indirectly enhance such protections, as a flow-on effect of improved RCT design and reporting. We wished to examine whether such assumptions were justified by examining the reporting of RCTs of simulated overdose in healthy volunteers. We reviewed all reported RCTs involving activated charcoal in healthy human volunteersfor three years before the CONSORT statement (1989, 1990, and 1991) and three years afterwards (1999, 2000, 2001). Presence of documentation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, stopping rules, protocol deviations, information sheets, consent documentation, ethical approvals, conflicts of interest, understanding, refusal, inducements and coercion were recorded. We found a very poor level of reporting of some key ethical, legal, and human rights protections for healthy volunteers in toxicological RCTs. Reporting did not improve with the publication of CONSORT even in relation to requirements specifically included in the guidelines.
Flexner's ethical oversight reprised? Contemporary medical education and the health impacts of corporate globalisation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2929.2005.02271.X
Abstract: Abraham Flexner's famous reports of 1910 and 1912, Medical Education in the United States and Canada and Medical Education in Europe, were written to assist the development of a positive response in university curricula to a revolution in understanding about the scientific foundations of clinical medicine. Flexner pointed out many deficiencies in medical education that retain contemporary resonance. Generally underemphasised in Flexner's reports, however, were recommendations promoting a firm understanding of and commitment to medical ethics as a basis of medical professionalism. Indeed, Flexner's praise for the scholastic basic of German medical education appeared somewhat ironic when the ethical inadequacies of prominent Nazi doctors were revealed at the Nuremberg Trials. This article suggests that contemporary medical educators, like Flexner, may be at risk of inadequately addressing a major challenge to evolving medical professionalism. Medical ethics, health law and even the international right to health are now increasingly emphasised in medical curricula. The same cannot be said, however, of lobbying principles arising from the structures of corporate globalisation, although these are rapidly becoming an even more dominant force in shaping medical practice around the globe. Conclusion Today it is the normative tension between medical ethics, health law and international human rights on the one hand and the lobbying principles and strategies of corporate globalisation that must urgently become the focus of major recommendations for reshaping the teaching of medical professionalism. Suggestions are made as to how this might practically be achieved.
Will international human rights subsume medical ethics? Intersections in the UNESCO Universal Bioethics Declaration
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2005
Emerging technologies: Challenges for health care and environmental ethics and rights in an era of globalisation
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2011
Normative foundations of technology transfer and transnational benefit principles in the UNESCO universal declaration on bioethics and human rights
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-04-2009
DOI: 10.1093/JMP/JHP021
Abstract: The United Nations Scientific, Education, and Cultural Organization Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) expresses in its title and substance a controversial linkage of two normative systems: international human rights law and bioethics. The UDBHR has the status of what is known as a "nonbinding" declaration under public international law. The UDBHR's foundation within bioethics (and association, e.g., with virtue-based or principlist bioethical theories) is more problematic. Nonetheless, the UDBHR contains socially important principles of technology transfer and transnational benefit (articles 14, 15, and 21). This paper is one of the first to explore how the disciplines of bioethics and international human rights law may interact in the UDBHR to advance the policy relevance and health impact of such principles. It investigates their normative ancestry in the UDBHR, as well as relevant conceptual differences between bioethics and public international law in this respect, and how these may be relevant to their conceptual evolution and application.
Republication: In that case
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2009
Global Artificial Photosynthesis and Renewable Energy Storage and Policy for the Sustainocene
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2018
Trials and tribulations in the removal of dextropropoxyphene from the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.5694/MJA13.10040
Abstract: • The Therapeutic Goods Administration determined in November 2011 that dextropropoxyphene should be removed from the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. This is consistent with this drug's removal from the market in many other developed countries. • However, dextropropoxyphene is still on the market in Australia owing to a series of appeals made to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) by the drug's manufacturer. • There is a difference between the standards by which the AAT judges the safety and efficacy of medicines and the standards used for registering therapeutic goods by regulatory agencies worldwide. • This raises the question as to whether the appeal process against TGA decisions appropriately serves the Australian public interest.
Towards global artificial photosynthesis (Global Solar Fuels): Energy, nanochemistry, and governance
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CH12193
Australia's embrace of investor state dispute settlement: a challenge to the social contract ideal?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-07-2015
A methodological framework of preparing economic evidence for selection of medicines in the Chinese setting
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1756-5391.2010.01087.X
Abstract: Medicines are becoming a major component of health expenditure in China. Selection of effective and cost-effective medicines represents an important effort to improve medicines use. A guideline on cost-effectiveness studies has been available in China. This guideline, however, fails to be a practical tool to prepare and critically appraise economic evidence. This article discusses, in the Chinese context, the approach to integrating economic component into the medicines selection, and elaborates the methods of producing economic evidence, including conducing economic reviews and primary economic studies.
How the Australia-US free trade agreement compromised the pharmaceutical benefits scheme
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-07-2015
Hearing Australian Aboriginal voices on neglect and sustainability
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-05-2009
Crystallography of refractory metal nuggets in carbonaceous chondrites: A transmission Kikuchi diffraction approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Nanotechnology in global medicine and human biosecurity: Private interests, policy dilemmas, and the calibration of public health law
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1748-720X.2007.00186.X
Abstract: This article explores a unique opportunity for shaping public health law and policy to reflect a greater balance between public and private goods in two areas of primary concern to human well-being: medicine and human biosecurity. This opportunity is presented both by the rapid changes likely to occur in these areas as a result of nanotechnology and the fact that multinational corporate actors have not yet had the opportunity to use their well-honed techniques of governance influence to modify public health policy and law in this area to their own narrowly focused advantage. Such a rare opportunity to rethink some fundamental assumptions about a regulatory framework for globally important health issues in advance is one reason why issues concerning nanotechnology regulation in medicine and human biosecurity should have considerable interest to health law and policy scholars.
Towards a Global Solar Fuels project-artificial photosynthesis and the transition from Anthropocene to Sustainocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Nanomaterial Governance, Planetary Health, and the Sustainocene Transition
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
Balancing intellectual monopoly privileges and the need for essential medicines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Integrated research into the nanoparticle-protein corona: A new focus for safe, sustainable and equitable development of nanomedicines
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 12-2008
Abstract: Much contemporary nanotoxicology, nanotherapeutic and nanoregulatory research has been characterized by a focus on investigating how delivery of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to cells is dictated primarily by components of the ENP surface. An alternative model, some implications of which are discussed here, begins with fundamental physicochemical research into the interaction of a dynamic nanoparticle–protein corona (NPC) with biological systems. The proposed new model also requires, however, that any such fresh NPC physicochemical research approach should involve integration and targeted collaboration from the earliest stages with nanotoxicology, nanotherapeutics and nanoregulatory expertise. The justification for this integrated approach, we argue, relates not just to efficiency and promotion of innovation but to an acknowledgement that public-funded basic physicochemical research in particular should now be accepted to incorporate strong higher order public-goods elements from its inception, not merely after product development at the technology-transfer stage. Issues, such as university-research cooperation, commercialization and intellectual property protection, safety and cost–effectiveness regulatory assessment, as well as technology transfer should not be viewed as second tier considerations, even in a ‘blue sky’ NPC basic research agenda.
Exploring international legal governance of global solar fuels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Pharmaceuticals, intellectual property and free-trade: The case of the US-Australia free trade agreement
Publisher: Pluto Journals
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1080/0810902042000255705
Abstract: Australia did poorly in several key areas of the recently completed free trade agreement with the US. It failed to insulate the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) from significant change, and conceded to increased intellectual property standards. The PBS, as a system of effective bargaining with multinational pharmaceutical firms, has been deeply compromised and higher drug prices can be expected over time. The intellectual property chapter strengthens the position of patent owners and undermines the evolution of a competitive generics industry. These developments are part of a broader and internationally coordinated strategy being pursued by pharmaceutical multinationals to globalize and strengthen patent rights and monopoly profits.
Practical virtue ethics: Healthcare whistleblowing and portable digital technology
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2005
Governing Planetary Nanomedicine: Environmental Sustainability and a UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Bioethics and Human Rights of Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis (Global Solar Fuels and Foods)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2012
Toxicological and public good considerations for the regulation of nanomaterial-containing medical products
Publisher: Informa Healthcare
Date: 03-2008
Abstract: Increasing research interest in the new and unusual properties of nanotechnology-related pharmaceuticals and medical devices has led to international and national reviews of safety regulation. Significant considerations emerging here are the relative paucity of metrological and toxicological data, as well as the absence of adequate funding and standardized approaches for its acquisition. Some areas are better researched, such as the toxicity of carbon nanotubes and use of engineered nanoparticle titanium and zinc oxides as broad-spectrum ultraviolet-blocking agents. Such in vitro studies do reveal concerns--for ex le, related to oxidative stress and granuloma formation--but their uncertain clinical ramifications may require more integration in preclinical drug discovery of research characterizing structure-toxicity relationships and limiting safety liabilities. Regulatory considerations for medically related nanoproducts should also involve improving cost-effectiveness systems and ensuring that industry involvement in standard-setting does not become a means of reducing competition. It is also important that nanotechnology policy and regulation encourages new models of safe drug discovery and development that are more systematically targeted at the global burden of disease.
Energy and environment policy case for a global project on artificial photosynthesis
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE00063J
Policy challenges from the White Senate inquiry into workplace-related health impacts of toxic dusts and nanoparticles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2006
Abstract: On 22 June 2005 the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia voted to establish an inquiry into workplace harm related to toxic dust and emerging technologies (including nanoparticles). The inquiry became known as the "White" Inquiry after Mr Richard White, a financially uncompensated sufferer of industrial sandblasting-induced lung disease who was instrumental in its establishment. The "White" Inquiry delivered its final report and recommendations on 31 May 2006. This paper examines whether these recommendations and their implementation may provide a unique opportunity not only to modernize relevant monitoring standards and processes, but related compensation systems for disease associated with workplace-related exposure to toxic dusts. It critically analyzes the likely role of the new Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) in this area. It also considers whether recommendations related to potential workplace related harm from exposure to nanoparticles could commence a major shift in Australian healthcare regulation.
International conference: Towards global artificial photosynthesis: Energy, nanochemistry and governance (GAP I)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2011
Exploring the safety of nanoparticles in Australian sunscreens
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2010
Does the world need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 06-06-2015
Abstract: This paper introduces a theme issue of Interface Focus derived from papers presented at the Royal Society supported meeting ‘Do we need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?’ held at Chicheley Hall in July 2014. At that meeting, leaders of national solar fuels and chemicals projects and research presented ‘state of the art’ on artificial photosynthesis (AP) in the context of the policy challenges for globalizing a practical technology to address climate change and energy and food security concerns. The discussions included contributions from many experts with legal and policy skills and uniquely focused on producing principles for prioritizing and specializing work while enhancing the funding and attendant public policy profile. To this end, representatives of major public, philanthropic and private potential stakeholders in such a project (such as the Wellcome Trust, the Moore Foundation, Shell, the Leighty Foundation, the EPSRC and Deutsche Alternative Asset Management) were invited to provide feedback at various points in the meeting. For this Interface Focus issue, speakers at the Chicheley Hall meeting were required to present a snapshot of their cutting edge research related to AP and then draw upon the Chicheley Hall discussions to innovatively analyse how their research could best be advanced by a global AP project. Such multidisciplinary policy analysis was not a skill many of these researchers were experienced or trained in. Nonetheless their efforts here represent one of the first published collections to attempt such a significant task. This introduction contains a brief summary of those papers, focusing particularly on their policy aspects. It then summarizes the core discussions that took place at the Chicheley Hall meeting and sets out some of the central ethical principles that were considered during those discussions.
Supporting whistleblowers in academic medicine: Training and respecting the courage of professional conscience
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2004
Abstract: Conflicts between the ethical values of an organisation and the ethical values of the employees of that organisation can often lead to conflict. When the ethical values of the employee are considerably higher than those of the organisation the potential for catastrophic results is enormous. In recent years several high profile cases have exposed organisations with ethical weaknesses. Academic medical institutions have exhibited such weaknesses and when exposed their employees have almost invariably been vindicated by objective inquiry. The mechanisms that work to produce such low ethical standards in what should be exemplary organisations are well documented and have been highlighted recently. The contribution of elements of medical training in eroding ethical standards of medical students have also been emphasised recently and strategies proposed to reduce or reverse this process. The ability to rapidly change the ethical and professional culture of graduate medical trainees may help to deal with some of the perceived problems of declining ethical standards in academic medicine.
Decision-analytical modelling in health-care economic evaluations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S10198-007-0078-X
Abstract: Decision-analytical modelling is widely used in health-care economic evaluations, especially in situations where evaluators lack clinical trial data, and in circumstances where such evaluations factor into reimbursement pricing decisions. This paper aims to improve the understanding and use of modelling techniques in this context, with particular emphasis on Markov modelling. We provide an overview, in this paper, of the principles and methodological details of decision-analytical modelling. We propose a common route for practicing modelling that accommodates any type of decision-analytical modelling techniques. We use the treatment of chronic hepatitis B as an ex le to indicate the process of development, presentation and analysis of the Markov model, and discuss the strengths, weaknesses and pitfalls of different approaches. Good practice of modelling requires careful planning, conduct and analysis of the model, and needs input from modellers and users.
In that case
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2008
Impact of the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement on Australian medicines regulation and prices
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1057/JGM.2009.40
Abstract: The Australia—United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) came into force on 1 January 2005. Before and subsequently to the AUSFTA being concluded, controversy surrounded the debate over its impact on Australia's health policy, specifically on regulation of pharmaceutical patents and Australia's cost-effectiveness system relating to prescription medicine prices known as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). This article examines the expectations of both parties in the pharmaceutical sector with regard to the AUSFTA, as well as how successfully they were achieved. It seeks to analyse important relevant outcomes for regulators, the public and pharmaceutical industry, as well as lessons about how trade negotiations relating to health and medicines policy should be approached in future. To investigate whether AUSFTA-related regulatory changes may lead to higher medicines prices in Australia, we looked at recent PBS Public Summary Documents to discover ex les of PBS-approved FI (patented) drugs, over the period from July 2008 until June 2009, that failed to establish cost-effectiveness over F2 (generic) comparators (with mandated price cuts) and were thence cost-minimised. This period was chosen because the major price effects of the potentially AUSFTA-related National Health Amendment ( Pharmaceuticals Benefits Scheme) Act 2007 (Cth) came into effect from August 2008.
Nanosilver and global public health: International regulatory issues
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.10.33
Abstract: Silver in nanoparticle form is used extensively worldwide in hospital and general practice settings, in dressings as a treatment for external wounds, burns and ulcers. Nanosilver is also an increasingly important coating over embedded medical devices, inhibiting the development of biofilm. Nanosilver disinfectant sprays and polymer coatings are being widely promoted as protective against viral infections. In addition, nanosilver is widely used for its antibacterial properties in food processing and packaging, as well as in consumer products used for domestic cleaning and clothing. This article argues that medical devices, therapeutic products, and domestic food and goods containing nanosilver, although offering therapeutic benefits, must be subject to precautionary regulation owing to associated public health and environmental risks, particularly from large volumes of nanosilver in waste water. The article first examines the use of nanosilver in a variety of contemporary medical and domestic products, the utilization of which may assist in resolving global public health problems, such as restricted access to safe food, water and medical care. It then discusses the mechanisms of toxicity for nanosilver, whether it should be classified as a new chemical entity for regulatory purposes and whether its increased usage poses significant environmental and public health risks. The article next critically analyses representative international regulatory regimes (the USA, EU, UK and Australia) for medical and domestic use of nanosilver. The conclusion includes a set of recommendations for improving international regulation of nanosilver.
Related Organisations
University Of Newcastle School Of Medicine And Public Health
Location: Australia
Related Funding Activities
Do We Need A Global Artificial Photosynthesis Project? Chicheley Hall Kavli Centre Conference
Start Date: 2014
End Date: 2014
Funder: Royal Society
View Funded ActivityAdvancing Energy Sustainability By Governance Leadership In Artificial Photosynthesis (making Fuels From Sunlight, Water And Carbon Dioxide)
Start Date: 2014
End Date: 2016
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityThe Impact Of International Trade Agreements On The Regulation And Provision Of Medicines In Australia
Start Date: 2005
End Date: 2007
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityFostering Safe Nanotechnology Research Focused On Critical Public Health Problems
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 2013
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDetecting Fraud And Anti-Competitive Behaviour In The Australian Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Industries.
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 2012
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityRegulating Medical Nanotechnology In Australia: Developing Practical Improvements In Safety And Cost‑Effectiveness Analysis
Start Date: 2007
End Date: 2009
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDeveloping Australia's Legal Response To Military And Security Applications Of Nanotechnology
Start Date: 2011
End Date: 2013
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP110102637
Start Date: 2011
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $65,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP1092584
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $126,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT0990722
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $593,400.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0556635
Start Date: 2005
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $385,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0772231
Start Date: 2007
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $154,588.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP140100566
Start Date: 01-2014
End Date: 01-2018
Amount: $206,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivitySpecial Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354786
Start Date: 2004
End Date: 06-2004
Amount: $10,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity