ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3139-1994
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Communications Technologies | Microwave And Millimetrewave Technology | Physical Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Microwave and Millimetrewave Theory and Technology | Instruments And Techniques | Electrical and Electronic Engineering | Quantum Optics | Particle Physics | Astronomical and Space Sciences | Optical Physics | Synchrotrons; Accelerators; Instruments and Techniques | Electrical Engineering | Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications | Condensed Matter Physics—Electronic And Magnetic Properties; | Quantum Optics And Lasers | Astronomical and Space Instrumentation | Ionospheric And Magnetospheric Physics | Other Physical Sciences | Quantum Information, Computation and Communication | Atomic And Molecular Physics | Satellite Communications | Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics | Quantum Physics | Condensed Matter Physics | Classical Physics | Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits | Quantum Physics not elsewhere classified | Compound Semiconductors | Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy | Lasers and Quantum Electronics | Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics | General Relativity and Gravitational Waves | Electrostatics and Electrodynamics | Acoustics and Acoustical Devices; Waves | Cosmology and Extragalactic Astronomy | Satellite Communications | Mathematical Physics | Biomaterials | Optical And Photonic Systems | Geodesy | Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified | Optical Physics not elsewhere classified | Signal Processing | Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) | Astronomy And Astrophysics | Photonic and electro-optical devices sensors and systems (excl. communications) | Electronics sensors and digital hardware | Electronic device and system performance evaluation testing and simulation | Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity | Condensed Matter Modelling and Density Functional Theory | Optical Fibre Communications | Nuclear Physics | Atomic and Molecular Physics
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Physical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Scientific instrumentation | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Industrial instrumentation | Emerging Defence Technologies | Scientific Instruments | Communication equipment | Telecommunications | Air Force | Measurement standards and calibration services not elsewhere classified | Integrated Circuits and Devices | Integrated Systems | Integrated circuits and devices | Industrial Instruments |
Related Links
Publications
High performance frequency dissemination for metrology applications with optical fibers
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Applications of low-temperature microwave techniques to the measurement of gravity waves and quantum measurement of macroscopic systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2000
Axion Dark Matter Coupling to Resonant Photons via Magnetic Field
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-04-2016
High precision microwave interferometers and oscillators for applied and fundamental physics applications
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2010
Frequency-temperature compensation in Ti/sup 3+/ and Ti/sup 4+/ doped sapphire whispering gallery mode resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1998
Precision noise measurements and oscillator frequency stabilization
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Optimization of high-Q Bragg reflector resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Collective behavior ofCr 3 + Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Date:
04-08-2015
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-08-2015
The microwave characterization of single crystal lithium and calcium fluoride at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2004
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1295423
Abstract: The whispering-gallery mode method is used for very accurate permittivity and dielectric loss measurements of single crystal lithium fluoride (LiF) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) over the temperature range of 4.5 K to 300 K. The absolute uncertainty in the real part of permittivity was estimated to be less than 0.1%, and it was limited principally by uncertainty in dimensions of the s les. Dielectric losses were measured with uncertainties of about 10% limited by the accuracy of Q-factor measurements. The measured materials exhibited dielectric losses between 2-4 x 10(-7) near 5 K. The relative permittivity was evaluated as 6.502 (4.9 K) to 6.844 (296 K) at 17.5 GHz for CaF2 and 8.534 (4.6 K) to 9.063 (300 K) at 13.5 GHz for LiF.
Use of whispering-gallery modes for complex permittivity determinations of ultra-low-loss dielectric materials
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-1999
DOI: 10.1109/22.769347
Applications of interferometric signal processing to phase-noise reduction in microwave oscillators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1109/22.721162
Resonances in large ferrimagnetic YIG samples – Electrodynamic analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Erratum: New methods of testing Lorentz violation in electrodynamics [Phys. Rev. D 71, 025004 (2005)]
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-02-2007
The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Singapore Stock Market
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-11-2019
DOI: 10.3390/JRFM12040175
Abstract: This study examines the impact of environmental regulation on the Singapore stock market using the event study methodology. Several asset pricing models are used to estimate sectoral abnormal returns. Additionally, we estimate the change in systematic risk after the introduction of the carbon tax and related regulation. We conduct various robustness tests, including the Corrado non-parametric ranking test, the Chesney non-parametric conditional distribution approach, a representation of market integration, and Fama–French five-factor model. We find evidence showing that the environmental regulations tend to achieve their desired effects in Singapore in which several big polluters (including industrial metals and mining, forestry and papers, and electrical equipment and services) were negatively affected by the announcements of environmental regulations and carbon tax. In addition, our results indicate that the electricity sector, one of the biggest polluters, was negatively affected by the announcement of environmental regulations and carbon tax. We also find that environmental regulations seem to boost the performance of environmentally-friendly sectors whereby we find the alternative energy industry (focusing on new renewable energy technologies) experienced a sizeable positive reaction following the announcements of these regulations.
Use of Whispering-Gallery Modes and Quasi-${\rm TE}_{0{ np}}$ Modes for Broadband Characterization of Bulk Gallium Arsenide and Gallium Phosphide Samples
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2008
Whispering-gallery mode technique applied to the measurement of the dielectric properties of Langasite between 4 K and 300 K
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2004
Microwave characterisation of BaCe2Ti5O15 and Ba5Nb4O15 ceramic dielectric resonators using whispering gallery mode method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Phase noise analysis of the sapphire loaded superconducting niobium cavity oscillator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1109/22.275269
Discovery of iron group impurity ion spin states in single crystal Y2SiO5 with strong coupling to whispering gallery photons
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-06-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4922376
Abstract: Interaction of Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) with dilute spin ensembles in solids is an interesting paradigm of Hybrid Quantum Systems potentially beneficial for Quantum Signal Processing applications. Unexpected ion transitions are measured in single crystal Y2SiO5 using WGM spectroscopy with large Zero Field Splittings at 14.7 GHz, 18.4 GHz, and 25.4 GHz, which also feature considerable anisotropy of the g-tensors as well as two inequivalent lattice sites, indicating spins from Iron Group Ion (IGI) impurities. The comparison of undoped and Rare-Earth doped crystals reveal that the IGIs are introduced during co-doping of Eu3+ or Er3+ with concentration at much lower levels of order 100 ppb. The strong coupling regime between an ensemble of IGI spins and WGM photons have been demonstrated at 18.4 GHz and near zero field. This approach together with useful optical properties of these ions opens avenues for “spins-in-solids” Quantum Electrodynamics.
Method of power recycling in co-axial mach zender interferometers for low noise measurements
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2008
Precision measurement of a low-loss cylindrical dumbbell-shaped sapphire mechanical oscillator using radiation pressure
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-08-2015
Dark matter axion search using a Josephson Traveling wave parametric amplifier
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0122907
Abstract: We describe the first implementation of a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) in an axion dark matter search. The operation of the JTWPA for a period of about two weeks achieved sensitivity to axion-like particle dark matter with axion–photon couplings above 10−13 Ge V−1 over a narrow range of axion masses centered around 19.84 µeV by tuning the resonant frequency of the cavity over the frequency range of 4796.7–4799.5 MHz. The JTWPA was operated in the insert of the axion dark matter experiment as part of an independent receiver chain that was attached to a 0.56-l cavity. The ability of the JTWPA to deliver high gain over a wide (3 GHz) bandwidth has engendered interest from those aiming to perform broadband axion searches, a longstanding goal in this field.
3D lumped LC resonators as low mass axion haloscopes
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-08-2016
Resonant frequencies of higher order modes in cylindrical anisotropic dielectric resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1109/22.106549
Testing local position and fundamental constant invariance due to periodic gravitational and boost using long-term comparison of the SYRTE atomic fountains and H-masers
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-06-2013
A generalized equivalent circuit applied to a tunable sapphire-loaded superconducting cavity
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1109/22.83834
High Precision Noise Measurements at Microwave Frequencies
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3140548
Hollow-core resonator based on out-of-plane two-dimensional photonic band-gap crystal cladding at microwave frequencies
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3303857
Abstract: We report on the demonstration of a resonator based on electromagnetic field confinement in a hollow-core by implementing an out-of-plane two-dimensional (2D) photonic band-gap (PBG) crystal cladding. In contrast with in-plane 2D PBG crystal devices, the PBG crystal studied here is perpendicular to the propagation axis. A resonator was constructed with silica rods to prove the concept at frequencies around 30 GHz. We show that the technique has the potential to reach quality factors (Q) of 5×105.
Design of a cryogenic dual-mode resonator for a fly-wheel oscillator for a cesium frequency standard
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2001
Power-to-Frequency Conversion in Cryogenic Sapphire Resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2023
Novel temperature control of a sapphire loaded cavity oscillator from the difference frequency of WGE and WGH modes
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2001
Precision Microwave Oscillators and Interferometers to Test Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics (an Update)
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Improved tests of local position invariance using Rb87 and Cs133 fountains
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-08-2012
Measurement of the Fundamental Thermal Noise Limit in a Cryogenic Sapphire Frequency Standard Using Bimodal Maser Oscillations
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-06-2008
Properties of a monolithic sapphire parametric transducer: prospects of measuring the standard quantum limit
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-03-2002
Test of Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics Using Rotating Cryogenic Sapphire Microwave Oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-07-2005
Microwave interferometry: application to precision measurements and noise reduction techniques
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1109/58.738292
Abstract: A concept of interferometric measurements has been applied to the development of ultra-sensitive microwave noise measurement systems. These systems are capable of reaching a noise performance limited only by the thermal fluctuations in their lossy components. The noise floor of a real time microwave measurement system has been measured to be equal to -193 dBc/Hz at Fourier frequencies above 1 kHz. This performance is 40 dB better than that of conventional systems and has allowed the first experimental evidence of the intrinsic phase fluctuations in microwave isolators and circulators. Microwave frequency discriminators with interferometric signal processing have proved to be extremely effective for measuring and cancelling the phase noise in oscillators. This technique has allowed the design of X-band microwave oscillators with a phase noise spectral density of order -150 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz Fourier frequency, without the use of cryogenics. Another possible application of the interferometric noise measurements systems include & flicker noise-free& microwave lifiers and advanced two oscillator noise measurement systems.
Recent atomic fountain clock comparisons at LNE-SYRTE
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Precision Frequency Metrology for Axion Searches
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2019
Accurate measurements of very small coupling coefficients of electromagnetic resonators at microwave frequencies
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-03-2004
NEW RESULTS FOR WHISPERING GALLERY MODE CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE MASER OSCILLATORS
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 05-2011
Oscillator performance from the time evolution of relative phase
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 20-01-1994
DOI: 10.1049/EL:19940090
CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE OSCILLATORS
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 05-2011
Electromagnetic properties of polycrystalline diamond from 35 K to room temperature and microwave to terahertz frequencies
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3580903
Abstract: Dielectric resonators are key components for many microwave and millimeter wave applications, including high-Q filters and frequency-determining elements for precision frequency synthesis. These often depend on the quality of the dielectric material. The commonly used material for building the best cryogenic microwave oscillators is sapphire. However, sapphire is becoming a limiting factor for higher frequency designs. It is, then, important to find new candidates that can fulfill the requirements for millimeter wave low noise oscillators at room and cryogenic temperatures. These clocks are used as a reference in many fields, such as modern telecommunication systems, radio astronomy (very-long-baseline interferometry), and precision measurements at the quantum limit. High resolution measurements were taken of the temperature-dependence of the electromagnetic properties of a polycrystalline diamond disk at temperatures between 35 and 330 K at microwave to submillimeter wave frequencies. The cryogenic measurements were made using a TE01δ dielectric mode resonator placed inside a vacuum chamber connected to a single-stage pulse-tube cryocooler. The high frequency characterization was performed at room temperature using a combination of a quasi-optical two-lens transmission setup, a Fabry–Perot cavity, and a whispering gallery mode resonator excited with waveguides. Our CVD diamond s le exhibits a decreasing loss tangent with increasing frequencies. We compare the results with well known crystals. This comparison makes it clear that polycrystalline diamond could be an important material for generating stable frequencies at millimeter waves.
Hyperparametric effects in a whispering-gallery mode rutile dielectric resonator at liquid helium temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-10-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4897164
Abstract: We report the first observation of low power drive level sensitivity, hyperparametric lification, and single-mode hyperparametric oscillations in a dielectric rutile whispering-gallery mode resonator at 4.2 K. The latter gives rise to a comb of sidebands at 19.756 GHz. Whereas, most frequency combs in the literature have been observed in optical systems using an ensemble of equally spaced modes in microresonators or fibers, the present work represents generation of a frequency comb using only a single-mode. The experimental observations are explained by an additional 1/2 degree-of-freedom originating from an intrinsic material nonlinearity at optical frequencies, which affects the microwave properties due to the extremely low loss of rutile. Using a model based on lumped circuits, we demonstrate that the resonance between the photonic and material 1/2 degree-of-freedom, is responsible for the hyperparametric energy transfer in the system.
Broadband electrical action sensing techniques with conducting wires for low-mass dark matter axion detection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
‘Fast light’ effect in experiments with cryogenic resonators
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-10-2012
High-Q factor frequency-temperature compensated sapphire Bragg distributed resonator
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20030234
Cryogenic optomechanics and the resurgence of the resonant-mass gravitational wave detector
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 13-09-2017
Inducing Strong Non-Linearities in a Phonon Trapping Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Coupled to a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-04-2018
DOI: 10.3390/APP8040602
Microwave phase detection at the level of 10(-11) rad
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3115206
Abstract: We report on a noise measurement system with the highest spectral resolution ever achieved in the microwave domain. It is capable of detecting the phase fluctuations in rms litude of 2×10−11 rad/Hz at Fourier frequencies above a few kilohertz. Such precision allows the study of intrinsic fluctuations in various microwave components and materials, as well as precise tests of fundamental physics. Employing this system we discovered a previously unknown phenomenon of down-conversion of pump oscillator phase noise into the low-frequency voltage fluctuations.
Complex permittivity of some ultralow loss dielectric crystals at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 1999
Searching for GUT-scale QCD axions and monopoles with a high-voltage capacitor
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-08-2023
Resonator power to frequency conversion in a cryogenic sapphire oscillator
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 22-07-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4816284
Abstract: We report on the measurement and characterization of power to frequency conversion in the resonant mode of a cryogenic sapphire loaded cavity resonator, which is used as the frequency discriminating element of a loop oscillator circuit. Fluctuations of power incident on the resonator lead to changes in radiation pressure and temperature in the sapphire dielectric, both of which contribute to a shift in the resonance frequency. We measure a modulation and temperature independent radiation pressure induced power to frequency sensitivity of −0.15 Hz/mW and find that this is the primary factor limiting the stability of the resonator frequency.
Anisotropic paramagnetic susceptibility of crystalline ruby at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Improved test of Lorentz invariance in electrodynamics
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-09-2004
First Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts with a Network of Detectors
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-12-2000
Complex permittivity measurements of extremely low loss dielectric materials using whispering gallery modes
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1997
Optimum design of a high-Q room- temperature whispering-gallery-mode X-band sapphire resonator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2013
Three-dimensional cavity quantum electrodynamics with a rare-earth spin ensemble
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-09-2014
Cryogenic dual-mode resonator for a fly-wheel oscillator for a caesium frequency standard
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2002
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1041076
Abstract: A dual-mode, sapphire-loaded cavity (SLC) resonator has been designed and optimized with the aid of finite element software. The resonance frequency was designed to be near the frequency of a Cs atomic frequency standard. Experimental tests are shown to agree very well with calculations. The difference frequency of two differently polarized modes is shown to be a highly sensitive temperature sensor in the 50 to 80 K temperature range. We show that an oscillator based on this resonator has the potential to operate with fractional frequency instability below 10(-14) for measurement times of 1 to 100 seconds. This is sufficient to operate an atomic clock at the quantum projection noise limit.
Low-temperature microwave properties of biaxial
YAlO 3
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-07-2017
Frequency stability and phase noise performance of X-band to Ka-band active multiplier
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1049/EL.2015.1952
Ultrasensitive microwave spectroscopy of paramagnetic impurities in sapphire crystals at millikelvin temperatures
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 31-12-2013
Investigation of Higher Order Reentrant Modes of a Cylindrical Reentrant-Ring Cavity Resonator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2014
Single-crystal sapphire resonator at millikelvin temperatures: Observation of thermal bistability in high-Q factor whispering gallery modes
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-09-2010
Simulating GPS radio signal to synchronize network--a new technique for redundant timing
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2014
Progress in Atomic Fountains at LNE-SYRTE
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2012
High-Q Cylindrical Alumina Resonator Based on Bragg Confined Mode of Azimuthal Mode Number Greater Than Zero
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Anisotropic paramagnetic susceptibility of crystalline ruby at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-01-2007
Publisher’s Note: Rotating odd-parity Lorentz invariance test in electrodynamics [Phys. Rev. D80, 125024 (2009)]
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-01-2010
Room temperature dual-mode oscillator—first results
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20063490
Jump chaotic behaviour of ultra low loss bulk acoustic wave cavities
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-08-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4892926
Abstract: We demonstrate a previously unobserved nonlinear phenomenon in an ultra-low loss quartz bulk acoustic wave cavity (Q& & ), which only occurs below 20 mK in temperature and under relatively weak pumping. The phenomenon reveals the emergence of several stable equilibria (at least two foci and two nodes) and jumps between these quasi states at random times. The degree of this randomness as well as separations between levels can be controlled by the frequency of the incident carrier signal. It is demonstrated that the nature of the effect lies beyond the standard Duffing model.
Comparison with an uncertainty of 2X10/sup -16/ between two primary frequency standards
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Piezo-optomechanical coupling of a 3D microwave resonator to a bulk acoustic wave crystalline resonator
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 18-11-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5127997
Abstract: We report the observation of coupling between a 3D microwave cavity mode and a bulk mechanical resonator mediated by piezoelectric and radiation pressure effects. The system is composed of a quartz bulk acoustic wave resonator placed inside a microwave re-entrant cavity, which is designed to act as both the electrodes for piezoelectric actuation and a 3D resonator. The cavity electromagnetic mode is modulated by a 5 MHz bulk acoustic wave shear mode, which is modeled and experimentally verified using the input-output formalism. Through finite element method simulations, we calculate the various contributions to the electromechanical coupling and discuss the potential of the system to reach high cooperativities as well as suitable applications.
Sensitivity analysis of a resonant-mass gravitational wave antenna with a parametric transducer
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.1063/1.1146503
Abstract: A frequency domain approach is applied to the University of Western Australia’s resonant bar detector to determine its potential sensitivity and calculate the limiting noise sources. To understand its behavior the sensitivity is calculated as a function of various noise components. To minimize seismic noise upconversion, the system is operated in the cold d ing regime at the turning point in the antenna frequency versus pump frequency characteristic. For this configuration it is shown that the spectral strain sensitivity of a high-Q antenna with a parametric transducer can exceed 10−21 √Hz with approximately a 20 Hz bandwidth, using existing microwave technology. This corresponds to a strain sensitivity of less than 10−19 for a 1 ms gravitational pulse.
Four-Wave Mixing from Fe3+ Spins in Sapphire
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-02-2012
Low noise 9-GHz sapphire resonator-oscillator with thermoelectric temperature stabilization at 300 Kelvin
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.1109/75.372807
Lithium tantalate - a high permittivity dielectric material for microwave communication systems
Publisher: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd
Date: 2003
Energy-level shift of quantum systems via the scalar electric Aharonov-Bohm effect
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-04-2023
Long-Distance Frequency Dissemination with a Resolution of10 − 17<
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-05-2005
A 3D printed superconducting aluminium microwave cavity
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 18-07-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4958684
Abstract: 3D printing of plastics, ceramics, and metals has existed for several decades and has revolutionized many areas of manufacturing and science. Printing of metals, in particular, has found a number of applications in fields as erse as customized medical implants, jet engine bearings, and rapid prototyping in the automotive industry. Although many techniques are used for 3D printing metals, they commonly rely on computer controlled melting or sintering of a metal alloy powder using a laser or electron beam. The mechanical properties of parts produced in such a way have been well studied, but little attention has been paid to their electrical properties. Here we show that a microwave cavity (resonant frequencies 9.9 and 11.2 GHz) 3D printed using an Al-12Si alloy exhibits superconductivity when cooled below the critical temperature of aluminium (1.2 K), with a performance comparable with the common 6061 alloy of aluminium. Superconducting cavities find application in numerous areas of physics, from particle accelerators to cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. The result is achieved even with a very large concentration of non-superconducting silicon in the alloy of 12.18%, compared with Al-6061, which has between 0.4% and 0.8%. Our results may pave the way for the possibility of 3D printing superconducting cavity configurations that are otherwise impossible to machine.
Cryogenic Microwave Amplifiers for Precision Measurements
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1109/58.883514
Abstract: The noise performance of two cryogenic HEMT lifiers has been studied. The effective noise temperature for each lifier is shown to be close to the 6 K thermodynamic temperature before a power threshold of about -70 dBm is achieved.
BROADBAND RESONANT MASS GRAVITATIONAL WAVE DETECTION
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 31-12-2009
DOI: 10.1142/S0218271809015849
Abstract: By changing from a resonant multimode paradigm to a free mass paradigm for transducers in resonant mass gravitational wave detection, an array of six spheres can achieve a sensitivity response curve competitive with interferometers, being as sensitive as GEO600 and TAMA300 in the 3–6 kHz band and more sensitive than LIGO for 50% of the 6–10 kHz band. This approach has additional benefits. First, due to the relatively inexpensive nature of this technology (~US$1 million), it is accessible to a broader part of the world's scientific community. Additionally, spherical resonant mass detectors have the ability to discern both the direction and polarization resolutions.
Design and verification of low acoustic loss suspension systems for measuring the Q-factor of a gravitational wave detector test mass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1998
Difference frequency technique to achieve frequency-temperature compensation in whispering-gallery sapphire resonator-oscillator
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20020670
High-Q frequency–temperature compensated solid-nitrogen-cooled resonator-oscillators: first results
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20040022
Tunable Supermode Dielectric Resonators for Axion Dark-Matter Haloscopes
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-01-2018
Comparing Instrument Spectral Sensitivity of Dissimilar Electromagnetic Haloscopes to Axion Dark Matter and High Frequency Gravitational Waves
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SYM14102165
Abstract: It is known that haloscopes that search for dark matter axions via the axion-photon anomaly are also sensitive to gravitational radiation through the inverse Gertsenshtein effect. Recently this way of searching for high frequency gravitational waves has gained momentum as it has been shown that the strain sensitivity of such detectors, are of the same order of sensitivity to the axion-photon theta angle. Thus, after calculating the sensitivity of a haloscope to an axion signal, we also have calculated the order of magnitude sensitivity to a gravitational wave signal of the same spectral and temporal form. However, it is unlikely that a gravitational wave and an axion signal will be of the same form, since physically the way the signals are generated are completely different. For gravitational wave detection, the spectral strain sensitivity is in units strain per square root Hz, is the natural way to compare the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors due to its independence on the gravitational wave signal. In this work, we introduce a systematic way to calculate the spectral sensitivity of an axion haloscope, so instrument comparison may be achieved independent of signal assumptions and only depends on the axion to signal transduction sensitivity and noise in the instrument. Thus, the calculation of the spectral sensitivity not only allows the comparison of dissimilar axion detectors independent of signal, but also allows us to compare the order of magnitude gravitational wave sensitivity in terms of spectral strain sensitivity, allowing comparisons to standard gravitational wave detectors based on optical interferometers and resonant-mass technology.
Piezoelectric voltage coupled reentrant cavity resonator
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4897482
Abstract: A piezoelectric voltage coupled microwave reentrant cavity has been developed. The central cavity post is bonded to a piezoelectric actuator allowing the voltage control of small post displacements over a high dynamic range. We show that such a cavity can be implemented as a voltage tunable resonator, a transducer for exciting and measuring mechanical modes of the structure, and a transducer for measuring comparative sensitivity of the piezoelectric material. Experiments were conducted at room and cryogenic temperatures with results verified using Finite Element software.
Towards Cryogenic Quartz Oscillators: Coupling of a Bulk Acoustic Wave quartz resonator to a SQUID
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2016
Experimental implementations of cavity-magnon systems: from ultra strong coupling to applications in precision measurement
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2019
Abstract: Several experimental implementations of cavity-magnon systems are presented. First an Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) block is placed inside a re-entrant cavity where the resulting hybrid mode is measured to be in the ultra strong coupling (USC) regime. When fully hybridised the ratio between the coupling rate and uncoupled mode frequencies is determined to be g / ω = 0.46. Next a thin YIG cylinder is placed inside a loop gap cavity. The bright mode of this cavity couples to the YIG s le and is similarly measured to be in the USC regime with ratio of coupling rate to uncoupled mode frequencies as g / ω = 0.34. A larger spin density medium such as lithium ferrite (LiFe) is expected to improve couplings by a factor of 1.46 in both systems as coupling strength is shown to be proportional to the square root of spin density and magnetic moment. Such strongly coupled systems are potentially useful for cavity QED, hybrid quantum systems and precision dark matter detection experiments. The YIG disc in the loop gap cavity, is, in particular, shown to be a strong candidate for dark matter detection. Finally, a LiFe sphere inside a two post re-entrant cavity is considered. In past work it was shown that the magnon mode in the s le has a turnover point in frequency (Goryachev et al 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 155129). Additionally, it was predicted that if the system was engineered such that it fully hybridised at this turnover point the cavity-magnon polariton transition frequency would become insensitive to both first and second order magnetic bias field fluctuations, a result useful for precision frequency applications. This work implements such a system by engineering the cavity mode frequency to near this turnover point, with suppression in sensitivity to second order bias magnetic field fluctuations shown.
Temperature Dependence of Permittivity and Loss Tangent of Lithium Tantalate at Microwave Frequencies
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2004
New method to build a high stability sapphire oscillator from the temperature compensation of the difference frequency between modes of orthogonal polarization
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2003.1193614
Abstract: A new method to construct a high stability sapphire oscillator is presented (patent pending). The method relies on the anisotropic fractional temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) of orthogonally polarized modes. We show that it is possible to design a resonator with transverse electric and magnetic modes at different frequencies, but with the same TCF in units hertz per kelvin, resulting in temperature compensation of the difference frequency. Compensation was demonstrated between 50 to 77 K by measuring the difference frequency of two microwave oscillators frequency locked to orthogonally polarized whispering gallery modes. Curvature of the compensation points was measured to be 1 to 3 x 10(-8) K(-2) between 50 and 77 K. This technique enables the construction of temperature compensated oscillators at any temperature and does not require dielectric, paramagnetic, or mechanical compensation techniques. Considering the above parameters, we show that it is possible to construct oscillators with fractional frequency instability at tau = 1s, of order 7.6 x 10(-15) at solid nitrogen temperature (approximately 50 K).
Testing periodic local position invariance using long-term comparison of the SYRTE atomic fountains and H-masers
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 26-01-2014
High-Resolution Flicker-Noise-Free Frequency Measurements of Weak Microwave Signals
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2011
Effects of spurious modes in resonant cavities
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-11-1993
IMPROVEMENTS TO DATA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A ROTATING MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT USING CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 12-2011
Designs of a microwave TE/sub 011/ mode cavity for a space borne H-maser
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1561619
Abstract: Method of Lines and Finite Element Analysis investigations have been performed to optimize parameters in a TE011 mode cavity resonator suitable for a spaceborne hydrogen maser. We report on designs that were explored to find a global maximum in the important design parameters for the microwave cavity used in a hydrogen maser. The criteria sought in this exercise were both the minimization of the total volume of the cavity and the maximization of the product of the z-component of the magnetic energy filling factor and the cavity TE011 mode Q-factor (Q.eta). Different configurations were studied. They were a sapphire tube in a copper cylinder, a sapphire tube in a copper cylinder with Bragg reflectors, and spherical copper cavities both empty and sapphire-lined on the inside cavity surface. At 320 K, the simulations resulted in an optimum product Q.eta = 4.9 x 10(4), with an inner cavity radius of 80 mm and unity aspect ratio. This represents a 54% improvement over an earlier design. The expected increase in the product Q . eta) with the inclusion of Bragg reflectors to the sapphire tube was not achieved. Moreover, the z-component of the magnetic energy filling factor was greatly reduced due to an increase in the radial magnetic field. The sapphire-lined spherical cavity showed no better performance than an equivalent-sized empty copper spherical cavity. For the empty cavity the simulations resulted in the product Q.eta = 4.4 x 10(4). The empty spherical cavity resonator is not suitable for the spaceborne hydrogen maser as the total volume in this case is 33% larger than that of the optimized sapphire tube resonator.
Frequency-temperature sensitivity reduction with optimized microwave Bragg resonators
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-01-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4973676
Abstract: Dielectric resonators are employed to build state-of-the-art low-noise and high-stability oscillators operating at room and cryogenic temperatures. A resonator temperature coefficient of frequency is one criterion of performance. This paper reports on predictions and measurements of this temperature coefficient of frequency for three types of cylindrically symmetric Bragg resonators operated at microwave frequencies. At room temperature, microwave Bragg resonators have the best potential to reach extremely high Q-factors. Research has been conducted over the last decade on modeling, optimizing, and realizing such high Q-factor devices for applications such as filtering, sensing, and frequency metrology. We present an optimized design, which has a temperature sensitivity 2 to 4 times less than current whispering gallery mode resonators without using temperature compensating techniques and about 30% less than other existing Bragg resonators. Also, the performance of a new generation single-layered Bragg resonator, based on a hybrid-Bragg-mode, is reported with a sensitivity of about −12 ppm/K at 295 K. For a single reflector resonator, it achieves a similar level of performance as a double-Bragg-reflector resonator but with a more compact structure and performs six times better than whispering-gallery-mode resonators. The hybrid resonator promises to deliver a new generation of high-sensitivity sensors and high-stability room-temperature oscillators.
Sub-Doppler cooling of ytterbium with the ^1S_0–^1P_1 transition including ^171Yb (I=1/2)
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 23-06-2014
Improved constraints on isotropic shift and anisotropies of the speed of light using rotating cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-10-2010
A new method of probing mechanical losses of coatings at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4972106
Abstract: A new method of probing mechanical losses and comparing the corresponding deposition processes of metallic and dielectric coatings in 1-100 MHz frequency range and cryogenic temperatures is presented. The method is based on the use of high-quality quartz acoustic cavities whose internal losses are orders of magnitude lower than any available coating nowadays. The approach is demonstrated for chromium, chromium/gold, and multilayer tantala/silica coatings. The Ta2O5/SiO2 coating has been found to exhibit a loss angle lower than 1.6 × 10−5 near 30 MHz at 4 K. The results are compared to the previous measurements.
Quality factors of quartz crystal resonators operating at 4 Kelvins
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2015
High-Q thermoelectric-stabilized sapphire microwave resonators for low-noise applications
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-1994
DOI: 10.1109/58.285474
Observation of low-temperature magnetomechanic effects in crystalline resonant phonon cavities
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-11-2019
Creating traveling waves from standing waves from the gyrotropic paramagnetic properties of ions in a high- whispering gallery mode sapphire resonator
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-05-2009
Sensitivity and optimization of a high-Q sapphire dielectric motion-sensing transducer
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-1998
DOI: 10.1109/58.726457
Abstract: A high-Q sapphire dielectric motion sensing transducer that operates at microwave frequencies has been developed. The device uses cylindrical whispering gallery modes of quality factor greater than 10 (5) at room temperature and greater than 10(8) at 4 K. The tuning coefficient of the transducer resonance frequency with respect to displacement was measured to be of the order of a few MHz/microm. An electromagnetic model that predicts the resonant frequency and tuning coefficient has been developed and was verified by experiment. We implemented the model to determine what aspect ratio and what dielectric mode is necessary to maximize the sensitivity. We found that the optimum mode type was a TM whispering gallery mode with azimuthal mode number of about 7 for a resonator of 3 cm in diameter. Also, we determined that the tuning coefficients were maximized by choosing an aspect ratio that has a large diameter with respect to the height. By implementing a microwave pump oscillator of SSB phase noise -125 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset, we have measured a sensitivity of order 10 (-16) m/ radicalHz. We show that this can be improved with existing technology to 10(-18) m/ radicalHz, and that in the near future this may be further improved to 10(-19) m/ radicalHz.
Precision Experiments of Photons Using Microwave Cavities to Test Lorentz-Invariance Violations and Fundamental Physics
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 23-01-2017
Maser oscillation in a whispering-gallery-mode microwave resonator
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 23-11-2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.2137452
Abstract: We report the observation of above-threshold maser oscillation in a whispering-gallery (WG)-mode resonator, whose quasitransverse-magnetic, 17th-azimuthal-order WG mode, at a frequency of approximately 12.038GHz, with a loaded Q of several hundred million, is supported on a cylinder of monocrystalline sapphire. An electron spin resonance associated with Fe3+ ions, that are substitutively included within the sapphire at an effective concentration of a few parts per billion, coincides in frequency with that of the (considerably narrower) WG mode. By applying a cw “pump” to the resonator at a frequency of approximately 31.34GHz, with no applied dc magnetic field, the WG (“signal”) mode is energized through a three-level maser scheme. Preliminary measurements demonstrate a frequency stability (Allan deviation) of a few times 10−14 for s ling intervals up to 100s.
Anisotropic complex permittivity measurements of mono-crystalline rutile between 10 and 300 K
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-1998
DOI: 10.1063/1.366871
Abstract: The dielectric properties of a single crystal rutile (TiO2) resonator have been measured using whispering gallery modes. Q factors and resonant frequencies were measured from 300 to 10 K. Q factors as high as 104, 105, and 107 were obtained at 300, 80, and 10 K, respectively. Using the whispering gallery mode technique we have determined accurately the loss tangent and dielectric constant of monocrystalline rutile and obtained much more sensitive measurements than previously reported. We show that rutile exhibits anisotropy in both the loss tangent and permittivity over the range from 10 to 300 K.
Simple Design Technique for High Q-factor Bragg Reflector Resonators with Reflectors of Arbitrary Thickness
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2006
Achieving long phonon lifetimes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4867
Spin-photon interaction in a cavity with time-reversal symmetry breaking
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-06-2014
Cold atom clocks, precision oscillators and fundamental tests
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2004
Generation of 103.75 GHz CW Source With $5.10^{-16}$ Frequency Instability Using Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2012
Methods and results of the IGEC search for burst gravitational waves in the years 1997–2000
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-07-2003
Experimental implementation of a large scale multipost re-entrant array
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-04-2019
High-Cooperativity Cavity QED with Magnons at Microwave Frequencies
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-11-2014
Temperature dependence of Ti3+ doped sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1049/EL:19980177
Aggregate frequency width, nuclear hyperfine coupling and Jahn–Teller effect of Cu2+impurity ion ESR in SrLaAlO4dielectric resonator at 20 millikelvin
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 29-11-2017
Invited Article: Design techniques and noise properties of ultrastable cryogenically cooled sapphire-dielectric resonator oscillators
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2919944
Abstract: We review the techniques used in the design and construction of cryogenic sapphire oscillators at the University of Western Australia over the 18year history of the project. We describe the project from its beginnings when sapphire oscillators were first developed as low-noise transducers for gravitational wave detection. Specifically, we describe the techniques that were applied to the construction of an interrogation oscillator for the PHARAO Cs atomic clock in CNES, in Toulouse France, and to the 2006 construction of four high performance oscillators for use at NMIJ and NICT, in Japan, as well as a permanent secondary frequency standard for the laboratory at UWA. Fractional-frequency fluctuations below 6×10−16 at integration times between 10 and 200s have been repeatedly achieved.
A data analysis approach for detecting gravitational waves from PSR 0437–4715
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1998
Design of very high Q sapphire resonators
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1049/EL:19960466
Metal Bulk Foil Resistor Characterization for BAW Application at Low Cryogenic Temperatures
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2014
Using Microwave Cavities to Test Lorentz Invariance
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 26-01-2013
A bi-directional interferometric frequency discriminator for low noise microwave applications
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2000
Extremely high Q-factor mechanical modes in quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators at millikelvin temperature
Publisher: AIP Publishing LLC
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4903104
Electro-mechanical tuning of high-Q bulk acoustic phonon modes at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 16-01-2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0131361
Abstract: We investigate the electromechanical properties of quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators at extreme cryogenic temperatures. By applying a DC bias voltage, we demonstrate broad frequency tuning of high-Q phonon modes in a quartz bulk acoustic wave cavity at cryogenic temperatures of 4 K and 20 mK. More than 100 line-widths of tuning of the resonance peak without any degradation in loaded quality factor, which are as high as 1.73×109, is seen for high order overtone modes. For all modes and temperatures, the observed coefficient of frequency tuning is ≈ 3.5 mHz/V per overtone number n corresponding to a maximum of 255.5 mHz/V for the n = 73 overtone mode. No degradation in the quality factor is observed for any value of an applied biasing field.
Study of Fe3+-sapphire maser above 4K
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Search for coincident excitation of the widely spaced resonant gravitational wave detectors EXPLORER, NAUTILUS and NIOBE
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
A Simple Dual-Band Electromagnetic Band Gap Resonator Antenna Based on Inverted Reflection Phase Gradient
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2012
Spin bath maser in a cryogenically cooled sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-12-2013
Temperature compensation of the difference frequency between modes of orthogonal polarization in anisotropic dielectric resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2002
Measurement of dielectric loss tangent of alumina at microwave frequencies and room temperature
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 08-12-1994
DOI: 10.1049/EL:19941470
Active Electric Dipole Energy Sources: Transduction via Electric Scalar and Vector Potentials
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/S22187029
Abstract: The creation of electromagnetic energy may be realised by engineering a device with a method of transduction, which allows an external energy source, such as mechanical, chemical, nuclear, etc., to be impressed into the electromagnetic system through a mechanism that enables the separation of opposite polarity charges. For ex le, a voltage generator, such as a triboelectric nanogenerator, enables the separation of charges through the transduction of mechanical energy, creating an active physical dipole in the static case, or an active Hertzian dipole in the time-dependent case. The net result is the creation of a static or time-dependent permanent polarisation, respectively, without an applied electric field and with a non-zero vector curl. This system is the dual of a magnetic solenoid or permanent magnet excited by a circulating electrical current or fictitious bound current, respectively, which supplies a magnetomotive force described by a magnetic vector potential and a magnetic geometric phase proportional to the enclosed magnetic flux. Thus, the active electric dipole voltage generator has been described macroscopically by a circulating fictitious magnetic current boundary source and exhibits an electric vector potential with an electric geometric phase proportional to the enclosed electric flux density. This macroscopic description of an active dipole is a semi-classical average description of some underlying microscopic physics, which exhibits emergent nonconservative behaviour not found in classical closed-system laws of electrodynamics. We show that the electromotive force produced by an active dipole in general has both electric scalar and vector potential components to account for the magnitude of the electromotive force it produces. Independent of the electromagnetic gauge, we show that Faraday’s and Ampere’s law may be derived from the time rate of change of the magnetic and dual electric geometric phases. Finally, we analyse an active cylindrical dipole in terms of scalar and vector potential and confirm that the electromotive force produced, and hence potential difference across the terminals is a combination of vector and scalar potential difference depending on the aspect ratio (AR) of the dipole. For long thin active dipoles (AR approaches 0), the electric field is suppressed inside, and the voltage is determined mainly by the electric vector potential. For large flat active dipoles (AR approaches infinity), the electric flux density is suppressed inside, and the voltage is mainly determined by the scalar potential.
High-Q whispering modes in spherical cavity resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2002
Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter in the
3.3 – 4.2
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-12-2021
Novel Resonators for Axion Haloscopes
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Exceptionally-enhanced Q-factor sapphire-loaded-cavity TE/sub 01δ/ mode resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2002
Sensitivity characterisation of a parametric transducer for gravitational wave detection through optical spring effect
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-07-2017
Proposal for a new Michelson–Morley experiment using a single whispering spherical mode resonator
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2002
Better than Brillouin
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2018
Testing local Lorentz and position invariance and variation of fundamental constants by searching the derivative of the comparison frequency between a cryogenic sapphire oscillator and hydrogen maser
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-01-2010
Rotating odd-parity Lorentz invariance test in electrodynamics
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-12-2009
Analysis of a low noise tunable oscillator based on a tunable sapphire loaded superconducting cavity
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1991
Method of power recycling in CoAxial Mach-Zehnder interferometers for low noise measurements
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2009
Cold atom clocks and applications
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 25-04-2005
Dielectric frequency - temperature- compensated microwave whispering-gallery-mode resonators
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-10-1997
Design and realization of a flywheel oscillator for advanced time and frequency metrology
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.2018567
Abstract: In this article, we describe a new frequency synthesis system that includes a low phase noise cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) and an H-maser to provide metrological low-noise signals to time and frequency experiments. Implementing this system as a local oscillator for a Cs cold atom fountain, a record frequency stability of 1.6×10−14τ−1∕2 is obtained.
Quartz resonator instabilities under cryogenic conditions
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2012
Invited Article: Dielectric material characterization techniques and designs of high-Q resonators for applications from micro to millimeter-waves frequencies applicable at room and cryogenic temperatu
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4867461
Abstract: Dielectric resonators are key elements in many applications in micro to millimeter wave circuits, including ultra-narrow band filters and frequency-determining components for precision frequency synthesis. Distributed-layered and bulk low-loss crystalline and polycrystalline dielectric structures have become very important for building these devices. Proper design requires careful electromagnetic characterization of low-loss material properties. This includes exact simulation with precision numerical software and precise measurements of resonant modes. For ex le, we have developed the Whispering Gallery mode technique for microwave applications, which has now become the standard for characterizing low-loss structures. This paper will give some of the most common characterization techniques used in the micro to millimeter wave regime at room and cryogenic temperatures for designing high-Q dielectric loaded cavities.
Strong coupling betweenP 1
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-04-2015
High-Stability Comparison of Atomic Fountains Using Two Different Cryogenic Oscillators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2016
High Q-factor Bragg-reflection sapphire-loaded cavity TE/sub 01/spl delta// mode resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1159842
Abstract: An innovative method of enhancing the quality factor of TE01delta cavity resonators with a dielectric tube made of monolithic sapphire is presented. Very high Q-factor is achieved by employing a Bragg reflection technique. A TE01delta mode in a copper cavity was measured to have a Q-factor of 1 x 10(5) at 8.78 GHz and 290 K. This is only 30% less than the limit due to the loss tangent of the dielectric material. The technique confines electromagnetic energy in the sapphire dielectric and in the vacuum well away from the cavity walls, thus reducing the surface losses in the copper shield. The technique offers some significant advantages over other methods. One advantage is the very low spurious mode density, which can improve filter and resonator design capabilities. Another is the small compact design, with a single sapphire piece, as compared to previously published Bragg reflection techniques. Finite element simulations and experimental data for this method were compared and found to be in very good agreement. The cavity dimensions were optimized to achieve maximum quality factor.
Parametric transducers for resonant bar gravitational wave antennae
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-12-1993
Piezoelectric tunable microwave superconducting cavity
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4962695
Abstract: In the context of engineered quantum systems, there is a demand for superconducting tunable devices, able to operate with high-quality factors at power levels equivalent to only a few photons. In this work, we developed a 3D microwave re-entrant cavity with such characteristics ready to provide a very fine-tuning of a high-Q resonant mode over a large dynamic range. This system has an electronic tuning mechanism based on a mechanically lified piezoelectric actuator, which controls the resonator dominant mode frequency by changing the cavity narrow gap by very small displacements. Experiments were conducted at room and dilution refrigerator temperatures showing a large dynamic range up to 4 GHz and 1 GHz, respectively, and were compared to a finite element method model simulated data. At elevated microwave power input, nonlinear thermal effects were observed to destroy the superconductivity of the cavity due to the large electric fields generated in the small gap of the re-entrant cavity.
Easily scalable resonator based on hollow-core photonic band gap crystal cladding for extremely high frequencies
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2013
High-Q sapphire resonator with distributed Bragg reflectors
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20031169
Ultralow noise microwave generation with fiber-based optical frequency comb and application to atomic fountain clock
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-04-2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3112574
Abstract: We demonstrate the use of a fiber-based femtosecond laser locked onto an ultrastable optical cavity to generate a low-noise microwave reference signal. Comparison with both a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) and a titanium-sapphire-based optical frequency comb system exhibit a stability of about 3×10−15 between 1 and 10 s. The microwave signal from the fiber system is used to perform Ramsey spectroscopy in a state-of-the-art cesium fountain clock. The resulting clock is compared to the CSO and exhibits a stability of 3.5×10−14τ−1/2.
Spectroscopy and laser cooling on the $${}^{1}S_{0}$$ 1 S 0 – $$\,^{3}P_{1}$$ 3 P 1 line in Yb via an injection-locked diode laser at 1,111.6 nm
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2015
Compact, High-Q, Zero Temperature Coefficient, TE011 Sapphire-Rutile Microwave Distributed Bragg Reflector Resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1109/58.920716
Abstract: Some novel new resonator designs based on the distributed Bragg reflector are presented. The resonators implement a TE011 resonance in a cylindrical sapphire dielectric, which is confined by the addition of rutile and sapphire dielectric reflectors at the end faces. Finite element calculations are utilized to optimize the dimensions to obtain the highest Q-factors and zero frequency-temperature coefficient for a resonator operating near 0 degree C. We show that a Q-factor of 70,000 and 65,000 can be achieved with and without the condition of zero frequency-temperature coefficients, respectively.
Analysis of the rutile-ring method of frequency-temperature compensating a high-Q whispering gallery sapphire resonator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1109/58.920715
Abstract: The rutile-ring method of dielectrically frequency-temperature compensating a high-Q whispering gallery (WG) sapphire resonator is presented. Two and three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis has been implemented to design and analyze the performance of such resonators, with excellent agreement between theory and experiment. A high-Q factor of 30 million at 13 GHz and compensation temperature of 56 K was obtained. It is shown the frequency-temperature compensation can occur either because the rutile adds a small perturbation to the sapphire resonator or because of a mode interaction with a resonant mode in the rutile. The characteristics of both of these methods are described, and it is shown that for high frequency stability, it is best to compensate perturbatively.
Background Noise Reduction in Gravitational Wave Detectors Through Use of an Amplitude Ratio Filter
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2000
Compact, high-Q, zero temperature coefficient, TE/sub 011/ sapphire-rutile microwave distributed Bragg reflector resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2001
Probing dark universe with exceptional points
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Temperature fluctuations in a solid-nitrogen cooled secondary frequency standard
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
Complex paramagnetic susceptibility in titanium-doped sapphire at microwave frequencies
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-03-2001
Impact of coatings on the quality factor of a quartz crystal resonator at liquid helium temperature
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2016
Analysis of the rutile-ring method of frequency-temperature compensation of a high-Q whispering gallery sapphire resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2000
BNM-SYRTE Fountains: Recent Results
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2005
Optical frequency synthesis from a cryogenic microwave sapphire oscillator
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.004316
Abstract: We demonstrate an optical frequency comb with fractional frequency instability of </=2x10(-14) at measurement times near 1 s, when the 10th harmonic of the comb spacing is controlled by a liquid helium cooled microwave sapphire oscillator. The frequency instability of the comb is estimated by comparing it to a cavity-stabilized optical oscillator. The less conventional approach of synthesizing low-noise optical signals from a microwave source is relevant when a laboratory has microwave sources with frequency stability superior to their optical counterparts. We describe the influence of high frequency environmental noise and how it impacts the phase-stabilized frequency comb performance at integration times less than 1 s.
Switching atomic fountain clock microwave interrogation signal and high-resolution phase measurements
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2009
Current limitations of cryogenic microwave oscillator frequency stability
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2014
Compact hollow-core photonic band gap resonator with optimised metallic cavity at microwave frequencies
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 07-07-2011
DOI: 10.1049/EL.2011.1308
Improved test of Lorentz invariance in electrodynamics using rotating cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-10-2006
Application of the interferometric noise measurement technique for the study of intrinsic fluctuations in microwave isolators
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-1998
Novel interferometric frequency discriminators for low noise microwave applications
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1109/58.920704
Abstract: New configurations of interferometric frequency discriminators (FD) for frequency stabilization of microwave oscillators are examined. The new FDs are arranged in single directional (SD) (patented), bi-directional (BD) (patent pending), and dual reflection (DR) (patent pending) configurations. In the SD configuration, the signals reflected off and transmitted through the resonator separately pass through different arms of the interferometer. In the BD configuration, microwaves pass in both directions through each arm of the interferometer. In the DR configuration, microwaves are reflected from the resonator as well as the compensating arm. The FD sensitivity is compared with that for the conventional interferometric FD and found to be 6 dB greater in the BD configuration. Because no circulator is required within the interferometer in either the BD or the DR FD, the discriminator's phase noise floor is not limited by the circulator contribution.
Microwave properties of a rutile resonator between 2 and 10 K
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-06-1998
Dependence of the dielectric permittivity of single-crystal quartz on thermal deformation at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2785019
Abstract: The whispering gallery mode technique applied to single-crystal quartz has been used as a precise method to determine the dependence of the dielectric permittivity of pure single-crystal quartz on temperature-induced dimensional changes at cryogenic temperatures. The anisotropic temperature coefficients of permittivity (TCP) perpendicular and parallel to the crystal axis have been determined between 4.7 and 280 K. The difference between TCPs perpendicular and parallel to the crystal axis, near 17 GHz, between 160 and 300 K is approximately half the thermal expansion coefficient perpendicular to the crystal axis. Over this temperature range, the fractional change in the relative permittivity values perpendicular and parallel to the crystal axis, as a result of thermal expansion of the perpendicular dimension of the crystal, only differs by a small constant value.
Searching for Scalar Dark Matter via Coupling to Fundamental Constants with Photonic, Atomic, and Mechanical Oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 18-02-2021
Frequency-temperature compensation in Ti/sup 3+/ and Ti/sup 4+/ doped sapphire whispering gallery mode resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-1999
DOI: 10.1109/58.775666
Abstract: A new method of compensating the frequency-temperature dependence of high-and monolithic sapphire dielectric resonators near liquid nitrogen temperature is presented. This is achieved by doping monocrystalline sapphire with Ti(3+) ions. This technique offers significant advantages over other methods.
Challenges and opportunities of gravitational-wave searches at MHz to GHz frequencies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S41114-021-00032-5
Abstract: The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop “Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection” held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.
Properties of Gravitational Waves in Cosmological General Relativity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2006
Dielectric frequency-temperature compensation of high quality sapphire dielectric resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1996
Rigorous analysis of highly tunable cylindrical transverse magnetic mode re-entrant cavities
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4848935
Abstract: Cylindrical re-entrant cavities are unique three-dimensional structures that resonate with their electric and magnetic fields in separate parts of the cavity. To further understand these devices, we undertake rigorous analysis of the properties of the resonance using “in-house” developed Finite Element Method (FEM) software capable of dealing with small gap structures of extreme aspect ratio. Comparisons between the FEM method and experiments are consistent and we illustrate where predictions using established lumped element models work well and where they are limited. With the aid of the modeling we design a highly tunable cavity that can be tuned from 2 GHz to 22 GHz just by inserting a post into a fixed dimensioned cylindrical cavity. We show this is possible, as the mode structure transforms from a re-entrant mode during the tuning process to a standard cylindrical transverse magnetic mode.
Indirect methods to control population distribution in a large spin system
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-03-2017
Experimental study of the noise phenomena in microwave components
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 1996
Rigorous ESR spectroscopy of Fe3+ impurity ion with oxygen vacancy in ferroelectric SrTiO3 crystal at 20 mK
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-06-2018
Microwave Hidden Sector Photons at UWA.
Publisher: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Date: 2011
Future prospects for the university of Western Australia's cryogenic resonant-mass gravitational wave detector
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1996
DOI: 10.1007/BF02570441
Superstrong coupling of a microwave cavity to yttrium iron garnet magnons
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-02-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4941730
Abstract: Multiple-post reentrant 3D lumped cavity modes have been realized to design the concept of a discrete Whispering Gallery and Fabry-Pérot-like Modes for multimode microwave Quantum Electrodynamics experiments. Using the magnon spin-wave resonance of a submillimeter-sized Yttrium-Iron-Garnet sphere at millikelvin temperatures and a four-post cavity, we demonstrate the ultra-strong coupling regime between discrete Whispering Gallery Modes and a magnon resonance with a strength of 1.84 GHz. By increasing the number of posts to eight and arranging them in a D4 symmetry pattern, we expand the mode structure to that of a discrete Fabry-Pérot cavity and modify the Free Spectral Range (FSR). We reach the superstrong coupling regime, where spin-photon coupling strength is larger than FSR, with coupling strength in the 1.1 to 1.5 GHz range.
Probing the acoustic losses of graphene with a low-loss quartz bulk-acoustic-wave resonator at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Low Phase-Noise Sapphire Crystal Microwave Oscillators: Current Status
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2009
Experiments match simulations in a multiple post reentrant cavity
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4997626
Abstract: Microwave reentrant cavities are used for many applications in science and engineering. The potential for both high mechanical tunability and high electric quality factors make them important tools in many areas. They are usually resonant cylindrical cavities with a central post, which makes a small gap spacing with the cavity wall. By adding an arbitrary number of extra posts, they are generalized to a type of multiple post reentrant cavity. This new approach has been theoretically studied but no experimental results have been presented. The main purpose of this work was to compare experimental modes with simulated ones from a reentrant cavity made of forty nine cylindrical posts. Each post could be moved using a screw in order to make tunable gap spacing between the post top and the cavity cover. Eight different gap setups were made making it possible to investigate thirty six different reentrant modes at room temperature. The lowest frequency percentage agreement between experiment and simulation was 91.31%, and the best one was 99.92%. Taking into account all the modes, 94.44% of them agreed above 96%. Thus, we have determined an experimental procedure suitable to investigate the reentrant modes from multiple post cavities. There is a wide range of potential applications for such cavities due to their unique features compared to conventional ones.
High-Q whispering modes in empty spherical cavity resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2003
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2003.1251123
Abstract: This work presents the study of high-order modes in spherical cavity resonators. In general there are resonant mode families, degenerate in frequency, that "whisper" around the spherical surface. We call these whispering spherical (WS) mode sets. Each set includes the well-known whispering gallery (WG) mode, which propagates like a ray around the azimuth. Also, we identify a new mode, which we label the whispering longitudinal (WL) mode. This mode propagates as a wave front along the longitudinal direction. The rest of the degenerate set propagates like a combination of the WG and WL modes. We show that transverse electric WS modes have high geometric factors, greater than 2000, which increase linearly with frequency. This is an order of magnitude greater than that of a TM010 cylindrical resonator. Also, Q-factors as high as 65,000 at 13.3 GHz were measured at room temperature.
Creating tuneable microwave media from a two-dimensional lattice of re-entrant posts
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-11-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4936268
Abstract: The potential capabilities of resonators based on two dimensional arrays of re-entrant posts is demonstrated. Such posts may be regarded as magnetically coupled lumped element microwave harmonic oscillators, arranged in a 2D lattices structure, which is enclosed in a 3D cavity. By arranging these elements in certain 2D patterns, we demonstrate how to achieve certain requirements with respect to field localisation and device spectra. Special attention is paid to symmetries of the lattices, mechanical tuning, design of areas of high localisation of magnetic energy this in turn creates unique discrete mode spectra. We demonstrate analogies between systems designed on the proposed platform and well known physical phenomena such as polarisation, frustration, and Whispering Gallery Modes. The mechanical tunability of the cavity with multiple posts is analysed, and its consequences to optomechanical applications is calculated. One particular application to quantum memory is demonstrated with a cavity design consisting of separate resonators analogous to discrete Fabry–Pérot resonators. Finally, we propose a generalised approach to a microwave system design based on the concept of Programmable Cavity Arrays.
Casimir spring and dilution in macroscopic cavity optomechanics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2020
Combined Search for a Lorentz-Violating Force in Short-Range Gravity Varying as the Inverse Sixth Power of Distance
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-01-2019
Precision close-to-carrier phase noise simulation of BAW oscillators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2011
Characterizing multi-mode resonant-mass gravitational wave detectors
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-08-1995
Generation of 100 GHz with parts in 1016 frequency stability using cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Cryogenic transistor measurement and modeling for engineering applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Sub-Doppler cooling with the 1S0 -1P 1 line in ytterbium
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2014
CAVITY CONSTRAINTS ON ISOTROPIC SHIFT AND ANISOTROPIES OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 12-2011
Detecting free-mass common-mode motion induced by incident gravitational waves
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 31-03-1999
Microwave cavity light shining through a wall optimization and experiment
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-09-2010
Noise measurements beyond the standard thermal noise limit
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2008
Axion dark matter experiment: Run 1B analysis details
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-02-2021
Dielectric-Boosted Sensitivity to Cylindrical Azimuthally Varying Transverse-Magnetic Resonant Modes in an Axion Haloscope
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-10-2020
Analysis of the whispering gallery mode sapphire Fe 3+ maser under magnetic field
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 30-01-2012
Rotating michelson-morley experiment based on a dual cavity cryogenic sapphire oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
The pharao time and frequency performance verification system
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
High-Q frequency-temperature compensated sapphire/rutile resonator
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20000575
Global representation of the fine structure constant and its variation
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-03-2005
Controlling the frequency-temperature sensitivity of a cryogenic sapphire maser frequency standard by manipulating Fe spins in the sapphire lattice
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-02-2012
Cryogenic properties of a diamond sample at microwave frequencies
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2010
Precision Multi-Mode Dielectric Characterization of a Crystalline Perovskite Enables Determination of the Temperature-Dependent Phase Transitions
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Precision Frequency Techniques to Search for Dark Matter and New Physics with Photonic, Phononic and Atomic Oscillators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-07-2021
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of high purity crystals at millikelvin temperatures
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-12-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2033898
Bulk acoustic wave resonator thermal noise measurements
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2014
Multi-mode technique for the determination of the biaxial Y2SiO5 permittivity tensor from 300 to 6 K
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-05-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4920987
Abstract: The Y2SiO5 (YSO) crystal is a dielectric material with biaxial anisotropy with known values of refractive index at optical frequencies. It is a well-known rare-earth (RE) host material for optical research and more recently has shown promising performance for quantum-engineered devices. In this paper, we report the first microwave characterization of the real permittivity tensor of a bulk YSO s le, as well as an investigation of the temperature dependence of the tensor components from 296 K down to 6 K. Estimated uncertainties were below 0.26%, limited by the precision of machining the cylindrical dielectric. Also, the electrical Q-factors of a few electromagnetic modes were recorded as a way to provide some information about the crystal losses over the temperature range. To solve the tensor components necessary for a biaxial crystal, we developed the multi-mode technique, which uses simultaneous measurement of low order whispering gallery modes. Knowledge of the permittivity tensor offers important data, essential for the design of technologies involving YSO, such as microwave coupling to electron and hyperfine transitions in RE doped s les at low temperatures.
Characterization of a spherically symmetric fused-silica-loaded cavity microwave resonator
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-02-2003
Microwave cavity hidden sector photon threshold crossing
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-09-2011
Isotopically Pure Silcon-28 Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators: A Host for Narrow Linewidth Spin Ensembles
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2018
Sapphire whispering gallery mode resonators at millikelvin temperature
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Acoustic Tests of Lorentz Symmetry Using Quartz Oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-02-2016
Oscillating Test of the Isotropic Shift of the Speed of Light
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-06-2012
Electromagnetic properties of terbium gallium garnet at millikelvin temperatures and low photon energy
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 31-07-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4985260
Abstract: Electromagnetic properties of single crystal terbium gallium garnet are characterised from room down to millikelvin temperatures using the whispering gallery mode method. Microwave spectroscopy is performed at low powers equivalent to a few photons in energy and conducted as functions of the magnetic field and temperature. A phase transition is detected close to the temperature of 3.5 K. This is observed for multiple whispering gallery modes causing an abrupt negative frequency shift and a change in transmission due to extra losses in the new phase caused by a change in complex magnetic susceptibility.
Progress towards measuring the standard quantum limit using a monolithic sapphire transducer
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2000
Searching for low-mass axions using resonant upconversion
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-06-2023
Cylindrical distributed bragg reflector resonators with extremely high Q-factors
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Test for the time independence of the fine structure constant, α, using cryogenic sapphire resonators at microwave frequencies
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2002
Accurate phase synchronization of a cryogenic microwave oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2010
Dielectric characterisation of Barium Fluoride at cryogenic temperatures using TE011 and quasi TE0mn mode dielectric resonators
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
New ultra-sensitive Michelson-Morely experiment
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2002
Exciting traveling waves in high Q structures using microstrip
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
New methods of testing Lorentz violation in electrodynamics
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-01-2005
Electrodynamic improvements to the theory of magnetostatic modes in ferrimagnetic spheres and their applications to saturation magnetization measurements
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Second generation 50 K dual-mode sapphire oscillator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1593366
Abstract: Low-temperature, high-precision sapphire resonators exhibit a turning point in mode frequency-temperature dependence at around 10 K. This, along with sapphire's extremely low dielectric losses at microwave frequencies, results in oscillator fractional frequency stabilities on the order of 10(-15). At higher temperatures the lack of a turning point makes single-mode oscillators very sensitive to temperature fluctuations. By exciting two quasi-orthogonal whispering gallery (WG) modes in a single sapphire resonator, a turning point in the frequency-temperature dependence can be found in the beat frequency between the two modes. A temperature control technique based on mode frequency temperature dependence has been used to maintain the sapphire at this turning point and the fractional frequency instability of the beat frequency has been measured to be at a level of 4.3 X 10(-14) over 1 s, dropping to 3.5 X 10(-14) over 4 s integration time.
Cross-Correlation Signal Processing for Axion and WISP Dark Matter Searches
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Quartz-superconductor quantum electromechanical system
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-06-2016
INITIAL OPERATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL GRAVITATIONAL EVENT COLLABORATION
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1142/S0218271800000219
Abstract: The International Gravitational Event Collaboration, IGEC, is a coordinated effort by research groups operating gravitational wave detectors working towards the detection of millisecond bursts of gravitational waves. Here we report on the current IGEC resonant bar observatory, its data analysis procedures, the main properties of the first exchanged data set. Even though the available data set is not complete, in the years 1997 and 1998 up to four detectors were operating simultaneously. Preliminary results are mentioned.
High q-factor distributed bragg reflector resonators with reflectors of arbitrary thickness
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2007
Cryogenic resonant microwave cavity searches for hidden sector photons
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-12-2013
Erratum: Determination of Low Loss in Isotopically Pure Single Crystal 28Si at Low Temperatures and Single Microwave Photon Energy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2017
DOI: 10.1038/SREP46901
Abstract: Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44813 published online: 20 March 2017 updated: 20 September 2017. The original version of this Article contained typographical errors in the Abstract. “Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) analysis revealed large Quality Factors of order 2 × 106 (dielectric loss ~5 ×10−7) at high powers, degrading to 7 × 10−5 (dielectric loss ~1.
Finite element realization of ultra-high quality factor frequency-temperature compensated sapphire-rutile whispering gallery mode resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1999
Whispering gallery modes in hollow spherical dielectric resonators
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
Frequency conversion in a high Q-factor sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator due to paramagnetic nonlinearity
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-10-2012
Hybrid electron spin resonance and whispering gallery mode resonance spectroscopy of Fe in sapphire
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-03-2013
Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS3109
Abstract: Progress in realizing the SI second had multiple technological impacts and enabled further constraint of theoretical models in fundamental physics. Caesium microwave fountains, realizing best the second according to its current definition with a relative uncertainty of 2-4 × 10(-16), have already been overtaken by atomic clocks referenced to an optical transition, which are both more stable and more accurate. Here we present an important step in the direction of a possible new definition of the second. Our system of five clocks connects with an unprecedented consistency the optical and the microwave worlds. For the first time, two state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clocks are proven to agree within their accuracy budget, with a total uncertainty of 1.5 × 10(-16). Their comparison with three independent caesium fountains shows a degree of accuracy now only limited by the best realizations of the microwave-defined second, at the level of 3.1 × 10(-16).
Observation of the fundamental Nyquist noise limit in an ultra-high Q-factor cryogenic bulk acoustic wave cavity
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-10-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4898813
Abstract: Thermal Nyquist noise fluctuations of high-Q bulk acoustic wave cavities have been observed at cryogenic temperatures with a DC superconducting quantum interference device lifier. High Q modes with bandwidths of few tens of milliHz produce thermal fluctuations with a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 23 dB. The estimated effective temperature from the Nyquist noise is in good agreement with the physical temperature of the device, confirming the validity of the equivalent circuit model and the non-existence of any excess resonator self-noise. The measurements also confirm that the quality factor remains extremely high (Q & 108 at low order overtones) for very weak (thermal) system motion at low temperatures, when compared to values measured with relatively strong external excitation. This result represents an enabling step towards operating such a high-Q acoustic device at the standard quantum limit.
A study of noise phenomena in microwave components using an advanced noise measurement system
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1109/58.585211
Abstract: A novel 9 GHz measurement system with thermal noise limited sensitivity has been developed for studying the fluctuations in passive microwave components. The noise floor of the measurement system is flat at offset frequencies above 1 kHz and equal to -193 dBc/Hz. The developed system is capable of measuring the noise in the quietest microwave components in real time. We discuss the results of phase and litude noise measurements in precision voltage controlled phase shifters and attenuators. The first reliable experimental evidences regarding the intrinsic flicker phase noise in microwave isolators are also presented.
Real time noise measurements with sensitivity exceeding the standard thermal noise limit
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2002
New design of high-Q sapphire resonator with distributed Bragg reflector
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2002
Generation of bimodal solitons in a sapphire whispering-gallery-mode maser at millikelvin temperatures
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-03-2022
Filtering and calibration of data from a resonant-mass gravitational wave antenna
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-09-1999
Testing Lorentz invariance using an odd-parity asymmetric optical resonator
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-10-2011
Search for a Dark-Matter-Induced Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-09-2023
High-Q Whispering Gallery Traveling Wave Resonators for Oscillator Frequency Stabilization
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1109/58.827429
Abstract: Usually a frequency-stabilized standing wave resonator-oscillator incorporating a resonator as a frequency discriminator requires a circulator to separate the injected and reflected wave, A ferrite circulator is a noisy device and can limit the phase noise or frequency stability. Moreover, we show that the noise in a circulator varies, and detailed low noise measurements are necessary to choose an appropriate quiet circulator. Thus, by realizing a configuration that does not require a circulator, an improvement in performance and reliability can be obtained. A solution to this problem is to design a high-Q whispering gallery traveling wave (WGTW) resonator. This device naturally separates the injected and reflected wave in the same way as a ring cavity at optical frequencies, without degrading the frequency discrimination. Q-factor measurements of a WGTW sapphire resonator are presented, along with a derivation of critical parameters to maximize the frequency discrimination. New measurements of noise in ferrite circulators and isolators have also been made, which is followed with a discussion on oscillator design.
An ultra-high quality factor microwave sapphire loaded superconducting cavity transducer
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1996
Ultra-sensitive Whispering Gallery Mode spectroscopy of low loss crystals at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2014
Advances in development of quartz crystal oscillators at liquid helium temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
<title>Recent advances in measurements of permitivity and dielectric losses at microwave frequencies</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-04-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.560676
High confined Bragg modes for very low phase noise oscillator and narrow band filtering applications
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2008
Ultrahigh cooperativity interactions between magnons and resonant photons in a YIG sphere
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 25-04-2016
Electrodynamics of Free- and Bound-Charge Electricity Generators Using Impressed Sources
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-01-2021
Observation of persistent photoconductivity and modified permittivity in bulk gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide samples at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2009
Modified permittivity observed in bulk gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide samples at 50K using the whispering gallery mode method
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-08-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2969905
Abstract: Whispering gallery modes in bulk cylindrical gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide s les have been examined both in darkness and under white light at 50K. In both s les we observed change in permittivity under light and dark conditions. This results from a change in the polarization state of the semiconductor, which is consistent with a free electron-hole creation/recombination process. The permittivity of the semiconductor is modified by free photocarriers in the surface layers of the s le which is the region s led by whispering gallery modes.
The ORGAN Experiment
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Characterization of the distributed cavity phase shift in LNE-SYRTE FO2 fountain
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2010
Advanced phase noise suppression technique for next generation of ultra low-noise microwave oscillators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1995
Ultra-low Noise Microwave Generation Using Femtosecond Lasers and Applications
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2010
Bounds on higher-order Lorentz-violating photon sector coefficients from an asymmetric optical ring resonator experiment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Testing for periodic changes in fundamental constants using long-term comparison of the SYRTE Cs fountains and H-masers
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2012
High Q-factor sapphire whispering gallery mode microwave resonator at single photon energies and millikelvin temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 30-05-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3595942
Abstract: The microwave properties of a crystalline sapphire dielectric whispering gallery mode resonator have been measured at very low excitation strength (E/ℏω≈1) and low temperatures (T≈30 mK). The measurements were sensitive enough to observe saturation due to a highly detuned electron spin resonance, which limited the loss tangent of the material to about 2×10−8 measured at 13.868 and 13.259 GHz. Small power dependent frequency shifts were also measured which correspond to an added magnetic susceptibility of order 10−9. This work shows that quantum limited microwave resonators with Q-factors & are possible with the implementation of a sapphire whispering gallery mode system.
Using Precision Oscillators and Interferometers to Test Fundamental Physics
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2006
Sapphire high-Q low temperature transducer for resonant bar gravitational wave antennas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1996
Direct search for dark matter axions excluding ALP cogenesis in the 63- to 67-μeV range with the ORGAN experiment
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 08-07-2022
Abstract: The standard model axion seesaw Higgs portal inflation (SMASH) model is a well-motivated, self-contained description of particle physics that predicts axion dark matter particles to exist within the mass range of 50 to 200 micro–electron volts. Scanning these masses requires an axion haloscope to operate under a constant magnetic field between 12 and 48 gigahertz. The ORGAN (Oscillating Resonant Group AxioN) experiment (in Perth, Australia) is a microwave cavity axion haloscope that aims to search the majority of the mass range predicted by the SMASH model. Our initial phase 1a scan sets an upper limit on the coupling of axions to two photons of ∣ g aγγ ∣ ≤ 3 × 10 −12 per giga–electron volts over the mass range of 63.2 to 67.1 micro–electron volts with 95% confidence interval. This highly sensitive result is sufficient to exclude the well-motivated axion-like particle cogenesis model for dark matter in the searched region.
Recent progress and perspectives of extremely low loss acoustic cavities: From frequency sources to artificial atoms
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2013
Recent Experimental Tests of Special Relativity
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2006
Extremely low-loss acoustic phonons in a quartz bulk acoustic wave resonator at millikelvin temperature
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-06-2012
DOI: 10.1063/1.4729292
Abstract: Low-loss, high frequency acoustic resonators cooled to millikelvin temperatures are a topic of great interest for application to hybrid quantum systems. When cooled to 20 mK, we show that resonant acoustic phonon modes in a bulk acoustic wave quartz resonator demonstrate exceptionally low loss (with Q-factors of order billions) at frequencies of 15.6 and 65.4 MHz, with a maximum f · Q product of 7.8 × 1016 Hz. Given this result, we show that the Q-factor in such devices near the quantum ground state can be four orders of magnitude better than previously attained. Such resonators possess the low losses crucial for electromagnetic cooling to the phonon ground state, and the possibility of long coherence and interaction times of a few seconds, allowing multiple quantum gate operations.
Searching for scalar field dark matter using cavity resonators and capacitors
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-09-2022
Rotating Resonator-Oscillator Experiments to Test Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2006
Whispering Gallery Resonators and Tests of Lorentz Invariance
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2004
Evidence of dilute ferromagnetism in rare-earth doped yttrium aluminium garnet
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 21-09-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4931432
Abstract: This work demonstrates strong coupling regime between an erbium ion spin ensemble and microwave hybrid cavity-whispering gallery modes in a yttrium aluminium garnet dielectric crystal. Coupling strengths of 220 MHz and mode quality factors in excess of 106 are demonstrated. Moreover, the magnetic response of high-Q modes demonstrates behaviour which is unusual for paramagnetic systems. This behaviour includes hysteresis and memory effects. Such qualitative change of the system's magnetic field response is interpreted as a phase transition of rare earth ion impurities. This phenomenon is similar to the phenomenon of dilute ferromagnetism in semiconductors. The clear temperature dependence of the phenomenon is demonstrated.
Design and metrological features of microwave synthesizers for atomic fountain frequency standard
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2007
Abstract: In this paper we describe the improved redesign of the microwave frequency synthesizers for Laboratoire National d'Essais-Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE-SYRTE) atomic fountains. The synthesizers use a cryogenic oscillator to generate both Cs and Rb hyperfine frequencies based on a new distribution frequency of 1 GHz. The main metrological features (phase noise, long-term phase stability, and spectral purity) of the synthesizers have been measured in situ connected to an atomic fountain and are compatible with an accuracy goal of 10(-16) for the atomic fountains. The simultaneous test of two different synthesizers on the FO2 atomic fountain at the 10(-16) level also is reported.
The dependence of phonon and paramagnetic resonances on the fine structure constant in sapphire and the possibility of a test of time dependence
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Proposal for a new test of the time independence of the fine structure constant α using orthogonally polarized whispering gallery modes in a single sapphire resonator
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-03-2003
A proposal for improving the noise floor of the gravitational wave antenna Niobè
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-03-2002
Point-to-point stabilized optical frequency transfer with active optics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-01-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-20591-5
Abstract: Timescale comparison between optical atomic clocks over ground-to-space and terrestrial free-space laser links will have enormous benefits for fundamental and applied sciences. However, atmospheric turbulence creates phase noise and beam wander that degrade the measurement precision. Here we report on phase-stabilized optical frequency transfer over a 265 m horizontal point-to-point free-space link between optical terminals with active tip-tilt mirrors to suppress beam wander, in a compact, human-portable set-up. A phase-stabilized 715 m underground optical fiber link between the two terminals is used to measure the performance of the free-space link. The active optical terminals enable continuous, cycle-slip free, coherent transmission over periods longer than an hour. In this work, we achieve residual instabilities of 2.7 × 10 −6 rad 2 Hz −1 at 1 Hz in phase, and 1.6 × 10 −19 at 40 s of integration in fractional frequency this performance surpasses the best optical atomic clocks, ensuring clock-limited frequency comparison over turbulent free-space links.
An ultra-low noise microwave oscillator based on a high-Q liquid nitrogen cooled sapphire resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1995
Measurement of the strain-induced coefficient of permittivity of sapphire using whispering gallery modes excited in a high-Qacoustic sapphire oscillator
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-09-2004
Gyrotropic paramagnetic properties of Fe3+ ions in a high-Q Whispering Gallery mode sapphire resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2010
Addressing a single spin in diamond with a macroscopic dielectric microwave cavity
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 29-09-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4896858
Abstract: We present a technique for addressing single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins in diamond over macroscopic distances using a tunable dielectric microwave cavity. We demonstrate optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) for a single negatively charged NV center (NV–) in a nanodiamond (ND) located directly under the macroscopic microwave cavity. By moving the cavity relative to the ND, we record the ODMR signal as a function of position, mapping out the distribution of the cavity magnetic field along one axis. In addition, we argue that our system could be used to determine the orientation of the NV– major axis in a straightforward manner.
Ultra-low-noise microwave oscillator with advanced phase noise suppression system
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1109/75.535829
Derni�ères avancées dans les fontaines atomiques
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 10-2006
Observation of persistent photoconductivity in bulk gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide samples at cryogenic temperatures using the whispering gallery mode method
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.3033559
Abstract: Whispering gallery modes in bulk cylindrical gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide s les have been examined both in darkness and under white light at cryogenics temperatures ≤50 K. In both cases persistent photoconductivity was observed after initially exposing semiconductors to white light from a halogen l . Photoconductance decay time constants for GaP and GaAs were determined to be 0.900±0.081 and 1.098±0.063 ns, respectively, using this method.
Enhanced sensitivity to Lorentz invariance violations in short-range gravity experiments
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-11-2016
Next Generation of Phonon Tests of Lorentz Invariance Using Quartz BAW Resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2018
Generation of coherent phonons via a cavity enhanced photonic lambda scheme
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-10-2020
DOI: 10.1063/5.0023624
Abstract: We demonstrate the generation of coherent phonons in a quartz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator through the photoelastic properties of the crystal, via coupling to a microwave cavity enhanced by a photonic lambda scheme. This is achieved by imbedding a single crystal BAW resonator between the post and the adjacent wall of a microwave re-entrant cavity resonator. This 3D photonic lumped LC resonator at the same time acts as the electrode of a BAW phonon resonator and allows the direct readout of coherent phonons via the linear piezoelectric response of the quartz. A microwave pump, ωp, is tuned to the cavity resonance ω0, while a probe frequency, ωprobe, is detuned and varied around the red and blue detuned values with respect to the BAW phonon frequency, Ωm. The pump and probe power dependence of the generated phonons unequivocally determines the process to be electrostrictive, with the phonons produced at the difference frequency between the pump and the probe, with no back action effects involved. Thus, the phonons are created without threshold and can be considered analogous to a passive coherent population trapped maser scheme.
Low-noise microwave resonator-oscillators: Current status and future developments
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2000
Tests of Lorentz invariance using a microwave resonator: an update
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Frequency-temperature compensation techniques for high-Q microwave resonators
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2000
Linear and nonlinear effects of electron paramagnetic resonance in high-Q cryogenic sapphire microwave resonators
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-02-2012
DOI: 10.1117/12.912115
Monolithic sapphire parametric transducer operation at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-2000
DOI: 10.1063/1.1150684
Abstract: The operation of a novel monolithic sapphire transducer from room temperature to cryogenic temperature is presented. The transducer is a microwave sapphire resonator that senses the motion of internal acoustic resonances through the interaction between electric and acoustic fields. The system is noncontacting and has low mechanical and electrical losses. Also, the microwave characteristics of sapphire are used as an inherent temperature sensor. High mechanical quality factors of 108 and 4.5×108 were attained at 300 and 4 K, respectively.
Testing Lorentz invariance using an asymetric optical resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2010
Cavity magnon polaritons with lithium ferrite and three-dimensional microwave resonators at millikelvin temperatures
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-04-2018
Acoustic Tests of Lorentz Symmetry Using Bulk Acoustic Wave Quartz Oscillators
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 23-01-2017
The Schenberg spherical gravitational wave detector: the first commissioning runs
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-05-2008
Whispering modes in anisotropic and isotropic dielectric spherical resonators
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
The multi-mode acoustic gravitational wave experiment: MAGE
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-023-35670-Y
Abstract: The Multi-mode Acoustic Gravitational wave Experiment (MAGE) is a high frequency gravitational wave detection experiment. In its first stage, the experiment features two near-identical quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators that act as strain antennas with spectral sensitivity as low as 6.6 × 10 −21 [strain]/ $$\\sqrt{\\text {Hz}}$$ Hz in multiple narrow bands across MHz frequencies. MAGE is the successor to the initial path-finding experiments GEN 1 and GEN 2. These precursor runs demonstrated the successful use of the technology, employing a single quartz gravitational wave detector that found significantly strong and rare transient features. As the next step to this initial experiment, MAGE will employ further systematic rejection strategies by adding an additional quartz detector such that localised strains incident on just a single detector can be identified. The primary goals of MAGE will be to target signatures arising from objects and/or particles beyond that of the standard model, as well as identifying the source of the rare events seen in the predecessor experiment. The experimental set-up, current status and future directions for MAGE are discussed. Calibration procedures of the detector and signal lification chain are presented. The sensitivity of MAGE to gravitational waves is estimated from knowledge of the quartz resonators. Finally, MAGE is assembled and tested in order to determine the thermal state of its new components.
Recent progress on cryogenic MASER oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2012
Sapphire-rutile frequency-temperature compensated whispering gallery microwave resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1997
Hidden sector photon cavity coupling
Publisher: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Date: 2013
Tests of Lorentz Invariance using a Microwave Resonator
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-02-2003
Cavity designs for a space hydrogen maser
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Tunable microwave oscillator for low phase noise applications
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1997
Search for Lorentz invariance violation through tests of the gravitational inverse square law at short ranges
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-05-2015
Generation of ultralow power phononic combs
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-04-2020
Correction: Corrigendum: Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS3782
Searching for ultralight axions with twisted cavity resonators of anyon rotational symmetry with bulk modes of nonzero helicity
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-09-2023
Some future applications of cryogenic high-Q resonant cavities
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2012
Influence of paramagnetic chromium ions in crystalline YAG at microwave frequencies
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 18-06-2002
Continuous operation of an odd parity Lorentz Invariance test in electrodynamics using a microwave interferometer
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2008
Non-intrusive tunable resonant microwave cavity for optical detected magnetic resonance of NV centres in nanodiamonds
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-12-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2035861
Characterization of the distributed cavity phase shift in FO2 for improving the accuracy of SYRTE fountain clocks
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2010
Cryogenic quartz frequency sources: Problems and perspectives
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2012
Losses in high quality quartz crystal resonators at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-02-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3559611
Abstract: Measurement of the mechanical losses of quartz crystal is a topic of interest for communities dealing with the gravitational wave detectors and also the time and frequency domain. About the latter, the authors describe Q-factor measurements of quartz crystal resonators at cryogenic temperatures under 10 K, thanks to a cryocooler-based experimental set-up. A Q-factor of 325 millions at 4 K, on the fifth overtone of the quasilongitudinal mode at 15.9 MHz, has been recorded. As shown, the acoustic wave trapping is suspected to limit the Landau–Rumer regime below 6 K [Landau and Rumer, Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 11, 18 (1937)].
Properties related to Q-factors and noise of quartz resonator-based systems at 4K
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2014
Extremely Low Loss Phonon-Trapping Cryogenic Acoustic Cavities for Future Physical Experiments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2013
DOI: 10.1038/SREP02132
Distributed Bragg reflector resonators with cylindrical symmetry and extremely high Q-factors
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1397346
Abstract: A simple non-Maxwellian method is presented that allows the approximate solution of all the dimensions of a multilayered dielectric TE0qp mode cylindrical resonant cavity that constitutes a distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) resonator. The analysis considers an arbitrary number of alternating dielectric and free-space layers of cylindrical geometry enclosed by a metal cylinder. The layers may be arranged along the axial direction, the radial direction, or both. Given only the aspect ratio of the cavity, the desired frequency and the dielectric constants of the material layers, the relevant dimensions are determined from only a set of simultaneous equations, and iterative techniques are not required. The formulas were verified using rigorous method of lines (MoL) calculations and previously published experimental work. We show that the simple approximation gives dimensions close to the values of the optimum Bragg reflection condition determined by the rigorous analysis. The resulting solution is more compact with a higher Q-factor when compared to other reported cylindrical DBR structures. This is because it properly takes into account the effect of the aspect ratio on the Bragg antiresonance condition along the z-axis of the resonator. Previous analyses assumed the propagation in the z-direction was independent of the aspect ratio, and the layers of the Bragg reflector were a quarter of a wavelength thick along the z-direction. When the aspect ratio is properly taken into account, we show that the thickness of the Bragg reflectors are equivalent to the thickness of plane wave Bragg reflectors (or quarter wavelength plates). Thus it turns out that the sizes of the reflectors are related to the free-space propagation constant rather than the propagation constant in the z-direction.
Realization of high-Q frequency-temperature compensated resonator with spurious mode free region
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Rare Events Detected with a Bulk Acoustic Wave High Frequency Gravitational Wave Antenna
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-08-2021
Cryogenically cooled sapphire-rutile dielectric resonators for ultrahigh-frequency stable oscillators for terrestrial and space applications [atomic frequency standards]
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2000
DOI: 10.1109/22.853470
Hidden sector photon coupling of resonant cavities
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-06-2013
Design and Performance of Low-Phase Noise Microwave Oscillators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
High-Q sapphire-rutile frequency-temperature compensated microwave dielectric resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-1998
DOI: 10.1109/58.677747
Abstract: A sapphiro-rutile composite resonator was constructed from a cylindrical sapphire monocrystal with two thin disks of monocrystal rutile held tightly against the ends. Because rutile exhibits low loss and an opposite temperature coefficient of permittivity to sapphire, it is an ideal material for compensating the frequency-temperature dependence of a sapphire resonator. Most of the electromagnetic modes in the composite structure exhibited turning points (or compensation points) in the frequency-temperature characteristic. The temperatures of compensation for the WG quasi TM modes were measured to be below 90 K with Q-factors of the order of a few million depending on the mode. For WG quasi TE modes, the temperatures of compensation were measured to be between 100 to 160 K with Q-factors of the order of a few hundreds of thousands, depending on the mode. The second derivatives of the compensation points were measured to be of the order 0.1 ppm/K(2 ), which agreed well with the predicted values.
Whispering gallery mode dielectric spectroscopy of SrLaAlO4 at milliKelvin temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 21-06-2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5029941
Abstract: In this work, we excited microwave Whispering Gallery modes in single crystal SrLaAlO4 to characterise the dielectric properties from room to milliKelvin temperatures. Whispering Gallery modes behave as sensitive probes for monitoring anisotropic lattice behaviour by selective coupling to specific mode families of varying polarization. Measurements of Q-factor while cooling reveal important information on the temperature dependance of electromagnetic losses within the crystal, improving by two orders of magnitude from room temperature to 4 K to values of order 106. Quasi-transverse-electric modes show higher Q-factors than quasi-transverse-magnetic modes due to the biaxial anisotropy. The perpendicular and parallel relative permittivities are determined at room temperature to be ϵ⊥ = 16.843 ± 0.005 and ϵ∥=19.853±0.006 respectively, and 16.730 ± 0.005 and 19.602 ± 0.006 at 4 K, limited mainly by the accuracy of the dimensions of the crystal. Saturation states are observed with respect to microwave power below 4 K, which implies impurity ion electron spin interactions. Q-factors are degraded by an order of magnitude at mK temperatures and at very low input powers. At high magnetic fields between 3 to 7 T, the losses due to the spin impurities are reduced as a result of the high energy of spin polarization, eliminating unfilled two-level magnetic systems in their ground state, and improving the Q-factors back to values on the order of 106.
Rotating Microwave Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators for Tests of Lorentz Invariance
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2011
Microwave cavity search for paraphotons
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3460192
Spherical Bragg reflector resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1334838
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the concept of the spherical Bragg reflector (SBR) resonator. The resonator is made from multiple layers of spherical dielectric, loaded within a spherical cavity. The resonator is designed to concentrate the energy within the central region of the resonator and away from the cavity walls to minimize conductor losses. A set of simultaneous equations is derived, which allows the accurate calculation of the dimensions of the layers as well as the frequency. The solution is confirmed using finite-element analysis. A Teflon-free space resonator was constructed to prove the concept. The Teflon SBR was designed at 13.86 GHz and exhibited a Q-factor of 22,000, which agreed well with the design values. This represents a factor of 3.5 enhancement over a resonator limited by the loss-tangent of Teflon. Similarly, SBR resonators constructed with low-loss materials could achieve Q-factors of the order of 300,000.
Axion detection with negatively coupled cavity arrays
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Parametric model of the BAW resonator phase-noise
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRAS.2011.05.012
Abstract: Excepted for the very short terms the frequency stability of ultra-stable oscillators is mainly limited by the resonator noise. In this work we proposed a parametric model of the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator phase noise based on an equivalent circuit. This model explains phase noise generated by a BAW crystal from a point of view of parametric fluctuations and proves the f(-1) dependences of the crystal noise. The model performance is verified with simulation. Simulation results are compared to experimental data and discussed. Comparison of three existing models is made.
Comment on “Test of constancy of speed of light with rotating cryogenic optical resonators”
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-12-2005
Simple design rules for optimal design of dielectric temperature-compensated sapphire resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2003
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2003.1235331
Abstract: It has been shown that the use of two dielectric crystals with opposite temperature coefficient of permittivity allows the realization of a resonator with a zero temperature coefficient of frequency. By using sapphire and rutile materials, which have low-loss tangents, some compensated resonators with very high Q-factors have been realized. In this work we develop rules that greatly simplify the design of a dielectric-compensated resonator. We show that the optimum design for compensation at a specific temperature may be determined by simply selecting the aspect ratio of the sapphire resonator.
Employing Precision Frequency Metrology for Axion Detection
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Sensitivity of Resonant Axion Haloscopes to Quantum Electromagnetodynamics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-04-2023
Abstract: Recently, interactions between putative axions and magnetic monopoles have been revisited by two of the authors.[1] It is shown that significant modifications to conventional axion electrodynamics arise due to these interactions, so that the axion–photon coupling parameter space is expanded from one parameter to three . Poynting theorem is implemented to determine how to exhibit sensitivity to and using resonant haloscopes, allowing new techniques to search for axions and a possible indirect way to determine if magnetically charged matter exists.
Improving the frequency stability of microwave oscillators by utilizing the dual-mode sapphire-loaded cavity resonator
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-07-2002
Search for gravitational wave bursts by the network of resonant detectors
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-03-2002
Niobe: Improved noise temperature and back ground noise suppression
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1063/1.1291869
Whispering gallery method of measuring complex permittivity in highly anisotropic materials
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2000
Characterization of Cryogenic Material Properties of 3-D-Printed Superconducting Niobium Using a 3-D Lumped Element Microwave Cavity
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high long-term frequency stability
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Noise suppression with cryogenic resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2021
Comparisons between 3 fountain clocks at LNE-SYRTE
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
An ultralow noise microwave oscillator based on a high-Q liquid nitrogen cooled sapphire resonator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-1996
DOI: 10.1109/58.535497
Gravitational wave detection with high frequency phonon trapping acoustic cavities
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-11-2014
Long term operation of a niobium resonant bar gravitational wave antenna
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1996
High Q-factor microwave Fabry-Perot resonator with distributed Bragg reflectors
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1516015
Abstract: A Fabry-Perot resonator operating at 39 GHz, with two pairs of quarter-wavelength single-crystal quartz Bragg reflectors has been realized. For the length of 98.26 mm, its Q-factor is about 560,000, which is 4.3 times better than for the same resonator without Bragg reflectors. Rigorous finite-difference frequency-domain analysis has been applied to the problem and is compared with simplified semi-analytical solutions. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental resonant frequency and Q-factors has been obtained. Thermal compensation of the resonant frequency of the Fabry-Perot has been proposed employing rods and cylinders made of metals with different thermal expansion coefficients.
LARGE-SCALE CRYOGENIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE TELESCOPE
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 10-1999
DOI: 10.1142/S0218271899000390
Abstract: We present here the Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave Telescope (LCGT) project which is aimed to improve the sensitivity of the existing gravitational wave projects by ten times. LCGT is the project constructing the km-scale gravitational wave detector in Japan succeeding the TAMA project, which adopts cryogenic mirrors with a higher power laser. We are planing to build it in an underground site in Kamioka mine. If its target sensitivity is attained, we will be able to catch a few events per month.
Improving phonon sector tests of Lorentz Invariance
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2017
Microwave secondary frequency standards: stability limits due to intrinsic fluctuations in frequency discriminator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1109/75.862230
Broadening frequency range of a ferromagnetic axion haloscope with strongly coupled cavity–magnon polaritons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Author Correction: Casimir spring and dilution in macroscopic cavity optomechanics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
Determination of niobium cavity magnetic field screening via a dispersively hybridized magnonic sensor
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-10-2020
DOI: 10.1063/5.0023547
Abstract: A method for determining the internal DC magnetic field inside a superconducting cavity is presented. The method relies on the relationship between the magnetic field and frequency of the Kittel mode of a ferrimagnetic sphere, hybridized in the dispersive regime of the superconducting cavity. Results were used to experimentally determine the level of screening that a superconducting Nb cavity provides as it changes from perfect diamagnetism to no screening. Two cavity geometries were tested, a cylinder and single post re-entrant cavity. Both demonstrated a consistent value of field that enters the cavity, expected to be the superheating critical field. Hysteresis in the screened field during r up and r down of the external magnetic field due to trapped vortices was also observed. Some abnormal behavior was observed in the cylindrical cavity in the form of plateaus in the internal field above the first critical field, and we discuss the potential origin of this behavior. The measurement approach would be a useful diagnosis for axion dark matter searches, which plans on using superconducting materials but needs to know precisely the internal magnetic field.
Maser oscillation from electronic spin resonance in a cryogenic sapphire frequency standard
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 20-05-2006
DOI: 10.1142/S0217979206034157
Abstract: We report the first observation of an Fe 3+ maser oscillation at zero magnetic field inside a whispering gallery (WG) sapphire resonator. The described maser is new in that it operates at zero-field and with low ion concentration. At zero-field, the Fe 3+ ion shows a 3-level structure related to the electron spin resonance (ESR). By applying a 31 GHz pump (|1/2〉 → |5/2〉), the ion operates as a maser at 12 GHz (|5/2〉 → |3/2〉). The maser effect is made possible by the high Q-factor (several 10 8 ) of the cryogenic whispering gallery resonator. Additionnaly, the sharp cavity resonance provides short term stability. Preliminary measurements indicate a frequency stability of parts in 10 -14 (Allan deviation at 100 s), still limited by the instrument. The ultimate maser stability is still unknown.
Room temperature measurement of the anisotropic loss tangent of sapphire using the whispering gallery mode technique
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1588389
Abstract: The anisotropic loss tangent has been determined in monocrystalline sapphire for components parallel and perpendicular to the crystal axis, using the whispering gallery (WG) mode method. The Q-factors of quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes were measured precisely in four cylindrical sapphire resonators at room temperature, from which was determined a maximum attainable Q-factor of (2.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) at 9 GHz in a quasi-TM mode. Sapphire dielectric material from three different manufacturers was compared over the 270-345 K temperature range and the 5-16 GHz frequency range.
Parametric back-action effects in a high-Q cyrogenic sapphire transducer
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-1996
DOI: 10.1063/1.1147193
Abstract: The construction and operation of a high-quality factor microwave sapphire resonator transducer coupled to a 1 kHz niobium membrane acoustic oscillator are presented in this paper. A four-stage passive vibration isolation system was included in the design to permit the measurement of the transducer’s parametric properties. The isolation system was shown to sufficiently suppress mechanical noise above 100 Hz and an upper limit to the displacement sensitivity of the transducer was measured to be 3.0±0.6×10−16 m/√Hz. The parametric behavior of the transducer with a single pump readout was measured for several transducer configurations, and the results were found to be in good agreement with theory. The measurements presented here display for the first time the complete parametric behavior in a high electrical Q system, where the transducer’s bandwidth is less than the mechanical oscillator’s frequency. The high stability and low losses of our system may allow the transducer to be configured as a back-action evasion or quantum nondemolition device.
Low noise microwave oscillators based on high-Q temperature stabilized sapphire resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1994
Noise properties of cryogenic microwave amplifiers and relevance to oscillator frequency stabilization
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2014
Venous ulceration contaminated by multi-resistant organisms: larval therapy and debridement
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.12968/JOWC.2013.22.SUP10.S27
Abstract: A 72-year-old female with venous insufficiency presented to a hospital based multidisciplinary wound clinic after 20 years of recurrent episodes of venous leg ulcers. Examination showed bilateral leg ulcers with no evidence of arterial insufficiency, but complicated by considerable devitalised tissue, abnormally high bacterial load and the presence of multi-resistant organisms. The ulcers were initially treated with larvae to aid debridement and reduce the bacterial load, prior to skin grafting. Although ulcer free for a period of 4 months, further debridement was required when the skin condition deteriorated. Surgical intervention was chosen as the preferred method by the surgeons for a second acute care admission using hydrosugery, along with supplementary skin grafts and compression. Ongoing management, consisting of regular debridement, skin care and compression therapy, continues.
Cryogenic cooling of a sapphire mirror-suspension for interferometric gravitational wave detectors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1998
Comparisons between 3 fountain clocks at LNE-SYRTE
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.734125
Observation of Rayleigh Phonon Scattering through Excitation of Extremely High Overtones in Low-Loss Cryogenic Acoustic Cavities for Hybrid Quantum Systems
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-08-2013
Ferroelectric phase transition and crystal asymmetry monitoring of SrTiO3 using quasi TE m,1,1 and quasi TM m,1,1 modes
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-09-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5092520
Abstract: Dielectric spectroscopy of a SrTiO3 single crystal over a broad range of microwave frequency using quasi TEm,1,1 and quasi TMm,1,1 modes reveals crystal asymmetry from typical measurement of Q-factor, transmission, or frequency characteristics in continuous cooling down to a few Kelvin. The properties of the modes due to the crystal asymmetry are validated by implementing a quasiharmonic phonon approximation. The observed ferroelectric phase transition temperature is around 51 K, and quantum-mechanical stabilization of the paraelectric phase arises below 5 K with very high permittivity. Also, an antiferrodistortive transition was indicated at 105 K. Landau’s theory of correlation length supports the observation of an extra-loss term so the transition may be identified near the Q-factor maxima or transmission maxima depending on the other loss terms present in the cavity. Thus, the ferroelectric phase transition with respect to temperature is identified when its extra-loss term causes a discontinuity or deviation in the derivative of the temperature characteristic near the minimum of total cavity loss (maximum Q-factor or maximum transmission temperature characteristic). This temperature is confirmed by transmission litude variation of quasi TE2,1,1 under 200 V dc electric field showing the existence of the soft-mode. These measurements support a typical polarization model and explicit temperature dependency of the soft-mode incorporating an imaginary frequency.
Demonstration of a dual alkali Rb/Cs fountain clock
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2010
Precise phase synchronization of a cryogenic microwave oscillator
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-0004
DOI: 10.1063/1.3433475
Abstract: We developed a novel technique for accurate phase synchronization of microwave oscillators based on sapphire dielectric resonators cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. The achieved quality of phase synchronization (a few milliradians) enables the accurate measurements of extremely weak phase fluctuations expected from the next generation of ultralow phase noise microwave oscillators.
Horloges en fontaine du BNM-SYRTE : résultats récents
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 11-2004
Microwave properties of semi-insulating silicon carbide between 10 and 40 GHz and at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-03-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3561431
High-power solid-state sapphire whispering gallery mode maser
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2010
Status Report of the Schenberg Gravitational Wave Antenna
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2012
Microwave–to–millimeter-wave synthesis chain phase noise performance
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2015
Controlling a whispering-gallery-doublet-mode avoided frequency crossing: Strong coupling between photon bosonic and spin degrees of freedom
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-01-2014
Oscillator frequency stability improvement by means of negative feedback
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2011
The ORGAN experiment: An axion haloscope above 15 GHz
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Low phase-noise microwave oscillators with interferometric signal processing
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2006
Intrinsic phase noise properties and frequency stability of millimetre-wave module at 90 GHz
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1049/EL.2013.1469
Low-loss materials for high Q-factor Bragg reflector resonators
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 21-01-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2828025
Abstract: A Bragg resonator uses dielectric plates within a metallic cavity to confine the energy within a central free space region. The importance of the permittivity is shown with a better Q factor possible using higher permittivity materials of larger intrinsic dielectric losses. This is because the electric energy in the reflectors decreases proportionally to the square root of permittivity and the coupling to the metallic losses decrease linearly. In a sapphire resonator with a single reflector pair a Q factor of 2.34×105 is obtained, which may be improved on by up to a factor of 2 using higher permittivity materials.
Effects of geometry on quantum fluctuations of phonon-trapping acoustic cavities
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-08-2014
First search for axions of mass 110 μeV using milliKelvin cooled 26.6 GHz microwave resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2017
Long term operation, performance and applications of cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
THE SCHENBERG SPHERICAL ANTENNA: STATUS REPORT
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 02-2012
Measurement of temperature sensitivity of LGT elastic coefficients over [4K, 15K] cryogenic range
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2012
The University of Western Australia?s Resonant-bar Gravitational Wave Experiment
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/PH951007
Abstract: The cryogenic resonant-mass gravitational radiation antenna at the University of Western Australia (UWA) has obtained a noise temperature of mK using a zero order predictor filter. This corresponds to aIms burst strain sensitivity of 7x 10-19 . The antenna has been in continuous operation since August 1993. The antenna operates at about 5 K and consists of a 1� 5 tonne niobium bar with a 710 Hz fundamental frequency, and a closely tuned secondary mass of 0�45 kg effective mass. The vibrational state of the secondary mass is continuously monitored by a 9�5 GHz superconducting parametric transducer. This paper presents the current design and operation of the detector. From a two-mode model we show how we calibrate, characterise and theoretically determine the sensitivity of our detector. Experimental results confirm the theory.
Cavity bounds on higher-order lorentz-violating coefficients
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-05-2011
The ORGAN Experiment
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Zero-field Fe/sup 3+/:sapphire whispering-gallery-mode solid-state MASER oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
High power solid-state sapphire Whispering Gallery mode maser
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2009
Flywheel oscillator for atomic fountain clocks using ultra-stable lasers and a fiber-based optical frequency comb
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2009
Hollow-core resonator based on out-of-plane 2D photonic band-gap crystal cladding
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2009
Evolution of the UWA solid nitrogen dual mode sapphire oscillator, JULIA
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Recent investigations on BAW resonators at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Strong coupling between whispering gallery modes and chromium ions in ruby
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-08-2014
An Adaptive Self-Configuration Scheme for Severity Invariant Machine Fault Diagnosis
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2013
Discovery of Bragg confined hybrid modes with high Q factor in a hollow dielectric resonator
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2794413
Abstract: The authors report on observation of Bragg confined mode in a hollow cylindrical dielectric cavity. A resonance was observed at 13.4GHz with an unloaded Q factor of order 2×105, which is more than a factor of 6 above the dielectric loss limit. Previously, such modes have only been realized from pure transverse electric modes with no azimuthal variations and only the Eϕ component. From rigorous numeric simulations, it is shown that the mode is a hybrid mode with nonzero azimuthal variations and with dominant Er and Eϕ electric field components and Hz magnetic field component.
Behavior of quartz crystal resonators at liquid helium temperature
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2016
Towards achieving strong coupling in three-dimensional-cavity with solid state spin resonance
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-04-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4946893
Abstract: We investigate the microwave magnetic field confinement in several microwave three-dimensional (3D)-cavities, using a 3D finite-element analysis to determine the best design and achieve a strong coupling between microwave resonant cavity photons and solid state spins. Specifically, we design cavities for achieving strong coupling of electromagnetic modes with an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamond. We report here a novel and practical cavity design with a magnetic filling factor of up to 4 times (2 times higher collective coupling) than previously achieved using one-dimensional superconducting cavities with a small mode volume. In addition, we show that by using a double-split resonator cavity, it is possible to achieve up to 200 times better cooperative factor than the currently demonstrated with NV in diamond. These designs open up further opportunities for studying strong and ultra-strong coupling effects on spins in solids using alternative systems with a wider range of design parameters. The strong coupling of paramagnetic spin defects with a photonic cavity is used in quantum computer architecture, to interface electrons spins with photons, facilitating their read-out and processing of quantum information. To achieve this, the combination of collective coupling of spins and cavity mode is more feasible and offers a promising method. This is a relevant milestone to develop advanced quantum technology and to test fundamental physics principles.
Modified axion electrodynamics as impressed electromagnetic sources through oscillating background polarization and magnetization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Room temperature dual-mode oscillator - first results
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high long-term frequency stability
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 20-11-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2387939
Abstract: A copper tube of 3.3m in length and 8mm in inner diameter, acting as an acoustic pressure lifier, was incorporated in a standing-wave thermoacoustically driven pulse tube refrigerator system. The enhancement of pressure ratio from 1.129 to 1.152 by the acoustic pressure lifier has been obtained. As a result, a cooling temperature as low as 79.7K and a tripled coefficient of performance improvement at 120K were reached.
Resonant regeneration in the sub-quantum regime – A demonstration of fractional quantum interference
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Noncontacting microwave coupling to a cryogenic gravitational radiation antenna
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-1993
DOI: 10.1063/1.1143975
Abstract: Gravitational radiation detectors must detect extremely small displacements, and thus require elaborate vibration isolation systems to attenuate the surrounding environmental noise. Contacting electrical leads can provide a direct path that will short circuit the vibration isolation, and degrade the antenna Q factor. Noncontacting microstrip transceivers provide a practical means of electromagnetically coupling to a resonant bar gravitational antenna when a microwave transducer is used as a signal readout system. Two microwave patch antennas now operate as transceivers on the University of Western Australia’s 1.5 tonne niobium bar gravitational radiation antenna and are described in detail in this paper. This system allows improved vibration isolation without degradation of the acoustic Q factor of the niobium bar. Combined with a cryogenic lifier, this system should achieve a reduction of 57 dB in the series noise power. This corresponds to a factor of 700 reduction in the effective displacement noise when referred to the transducer, from 2×10−16 to 3×10−19 m/√Hz.
Parametric Transducers for the Advanced Cryogenic Resonant-Mass Gravitational Wave Detectors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2000
The dependence of the permittivity of sapphire on thermal deformation at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-11-2003
The progress in the development of a solid nitrogen cooled dual-mode frequency-temperature-compensated sapphire-resonator oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Parametric interaction of the electric and acoustic fields in a sapphire monocrystal transducer with a microwave readout
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-12-1998
DOI: 10.1063/1.369023
Abstract: A sapphire monocrystal configured with a parametric microwave readout can potentially monitor the motion of its internal acoustic resonances at the precision governed by quantum mechanical fluctuations. The mechanism of transductance is due to parametric interaction between the electric and acoustic field within the crystal. This mechanism has been tested for the first time, and the theory has been verified by observing the pump frequency dependence of the acoustic quality factor. Because of the extremely low acoustic losses (Q& ) and electrical losses (Q& ), measurements were sensitive enough to attain positive verification at room temperature.
Accurate characterization of the temperature coefficient of permittivity of sapphire utilizing the Dual-Mode Frequency Locked technique
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Low-Temperature Properties of Whispering-Gallery Modes in Isotopically Pure Silicon-28
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-04-2019
Quantum physics exploring gravity in the outer solar system: the SAGAS project
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2008
Single-photon level study of microwave properties of lithium niobate at millikelvin temperatures
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-08-2015
Reconfigurable Microwave Photonic Topological Insulator
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-12-2016
Constructing the next generation cryogenic sapphire oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator-Oscillators and Tests of Fundamental Physics
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2019
Quartz resonators at cryogenic temperatures: Noise and quality factor
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2013
Axion detection with precision frequency metrology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Adapting a Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator for Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1086/660156
Whispering gallery method of measuring complex permittivity in highly anisotropic materials: discovery of a new type of mode in anisotropic dielectric resonators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2001
DOI: 10.1109/19.918182
Detrapping and retrapping of free carriers in nominally pure single crystal GaP, GaAs, and 4H–SiC semiconductors under light illumination at cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-11-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3514009
Abstract: We report on extremely sensitive measurements of changes in the microwave properties of high purity nonintentionally-doped single-crystal semiconductor s les of gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, and 4H–silicon carbide when illuminated with light of different wavelengths at cryogenic temperatures. Whispering gallery modes were excited in the semiconductors while they were cooled on the coldfinger of a single-stage cryocooler and their frequencies and Q-factors measured under light and dark conditions. With these materials, the whispering gallery mode technique is able to resolve changes of a few parts per million in the permittivity and the microwave losses as compared with those measured in darkness. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the observed changes, which result not from direct valence to conduction band transitions but from detrapping and retrapping of carriers from impurity/defect sites with ionization energies that lay in the semiconductor band gap. Detrapping and retrapping relaxation times have been evaluated from comparison with measured data.
Fabry-Perot Resonator with Interferometric Read-Out for Low Noise Applications
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1109/58.827442
Abstract: New readout configurations for a Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator (or frequency discriminator) that combine the reflected and transmitted waves are analyzed in detail. The waves may be combined in a Sagnac (S) or Mach-Zehnder (MZ) configuration and tuned to a dark port (DP) to suppress the carrier frequency. To achieve this in a standard FP resonator, the mirror reflectance must be extremely well matched, which is a difficult and expensive task. Suppressing the carrier minimizes the Shot noise floor of a Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) frequency-stabilized laser. Moreover, depending on the amount of carrier suppression, a high amount of power may be injected into the resonator without saturating or destroying the photodetector at the discriminator output. Because the sensitivity of the frequency discriminator is also proportional to the injected power, a large improvement in frequency noise can be achieved for high power PDH-stabilized lasers utilizing only a small phase modulation index.
Stabilized Free-Space Optical Frequency Transfer
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-08-2018
Design of high-Q frequency-temperature compensated dielectric resonators
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1049/EL:19990205
Advances in atomic fountains
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Combined Search for Lorentz Violation in Short-Range Gravity
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-08-2016
The study of whispering modes in antsotropic and isotropic dielectric spherical resonators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
First dual mode operation of the Cs/Rb FO2 double fountain at SYRTE
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2009
Frequency instability measurement system of cryogenic maser oscillator
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20072684
Upconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection Experiment: A Precision Frequency Interferometric Axion Dark Matter Search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-02-2021
Sapphire test-masses for measuring the standard quantum limit and achieving quantum non-demolition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-1997
Extremely high-Q factor dielectric resonators for millimeter-wave applications
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2005
Poynting vector controversy in axion modified electrodynamics
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-02-2022
High Sensitivity Gravitational Wave Antenna with Parametric Transducer Readout
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-1995
Axion Dark Matter Coupling to Resonant Photons via Magnetic Field (vol 116, 161804, 2016)
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-10-2016
Methods for coherent optical Doppler orbitography
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2020
Exciting traveling waves in high Q structures using microstrip
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Observation of a bimodal behavior in a Whispering Gallery mode maser oscillator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2008
High-Q frequency stable dual-mode whispering gallery sapphire resonator
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2001
Gravitational wave detectors with broadband high frequency sensitivity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S42005-021-00526-2
Abstract: Gravitational waves from the neutron star coalescence GW170817 were observed from the inspiral, but not the high frequency postmerger nuclear matter motion. Optomechanical white light signal recycling has been proposed for achieving broadband sensitivity in gravitational wave detectors, but has been reliant on development of suitable ultra-low loss mechanical components. Here we show demonstrated optomechanical resonators that meet loss requirements for a white light signal recycling interferometer with strain sensitivity below 10 −24 Hz −1/2 at a few kHz. Experimental data for two resonators are combined with analytic models of interferometers similar to LIGO to demonstrate enhancement across a broader band of frequencies versus dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson detectors. Candidate resonators are a silicon nitride membrane acoustically isolated by a phononic crystal, and a single-crystal quartz acoustic cavity. Optical power requirements favour the membrane resonator, while thermal noise performance favours the quartz resonator. Both could be implemented as add-on components to existing detectors.
Testing the generalized uncertainty principle with macroscopic mechanical oscillators and pendulums
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-09-2019
New measurement of the rubidium hyperfine frequency using LNE-SYRTE fountain ensemble
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2008
Whispering Gallery mode ESR spectroscopy and parameters measurement in single crystal
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
Date:
08-2017
DOI:
10.1016/J.JMR.2017.06.007
Abstract: A cylindrical single crystal SrLaAlO
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMR.2017.06.007
Abstract: A cylindrical single crystal SrLaAlO
Whispering Gallery mode microwave characterization of Ba(Mg1/3,Ta2/3)O3dielectric resonators
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-10-1999
Advanced phase detection technique for the real time measurement and reduction of noise in components and oscillators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1997
Frequency Stable Microwave Sapphire Oscillators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
The dual-mode frequency-locked technique for the characterization of the temperature coefficient of permittivity of anisotropic materials
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-10-2003
Accurate calibration technique for a resonant-mass gravitational wave detector
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1063/1.1319982
Abstract: The methodology for accurately calibrating the Niobe resonant-mass gravitational wave detector is presented. The transducer is based on a low noise resonant microwave cavity transducer that converts the displacement of the resonating mass to microwave energy. The calibration technique consists of a one off measurement of the microwave frequency versus resonant-mass displacement characteristic. To measure this accurately, known static forces were applied to the resonant mass and the change in the transducer microwave frequency was recorded. With the aid of finite element analysis and accurate measurements of the resonant-mass characteristics, the deflection due to the known force was calculated. The calculated deflections were verified coarsely with measurements from a calibrated linear variable differential transformer. Typically, the detector operates with a 1 mK noise temperature. A best noise temperature of 890 μK between 1300 and 2000 Universal Time Coordinate (UTC) for day 60 in 1997 is reported. The transducer has been upgraded with a new microwave lifier, which has a measured electronic noise floor 40 dB lower than the previous lifier, which is only 10 dB above the quantum limit.
Amplification process in a high-Q cryogenic whispering gallery mode sapphire Fe3+ maser
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-12-2010
Anomalously strong nonlinearity of unswept quartz acoustic cavities at liquid helium temperatures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-09-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4819971
Abstract: We demonstrate a variety of nonlinear phenomena at extremely low powers in cryogenic acoustic cavities fabricated from quartz material, which have not undergone any electrodiffusion processes. Nonlinear phenomena observed include lineshape discontinuities, power response discontinuities, quadrature oscillations, and self-induced transparency. These phenomena are attributed to nonlinear dissipation through a large number of randomly distributed heavy trapped ions, which would normally be removed by electrodiffusion. A simple mean-field model predicts most of the observed phenomena. In contrast to Duffing-like systems, this system shows an unusual mechanism of nonlinearity, which is not related to crystal anharmonicity.
Quality Factor Measurements of Various Types of Quartz Crystal Resonators Operating Near 4 K
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2016
Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high long-term frequency stability
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-11-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2387969
Abstract: The authors report on the development of a sapphire cryogenic microwave resonator oscillator with long-term fractional frequency stability of 2×10−17√τ for integration times τ& s and a negative drift of about 2.2×10−15∕day. The short-term frequency instability of the oscillator is highly reproducible and also state of the art: 5.6×10−16 for an integration time of τ≈20s.
Higher order reentrant post modes in cylindrical cavities
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 09-10-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4991751
Abstract: Reentrant cavities are microwave resonant devices employed in a number of different areas of physics. They are appealing due to their simple frequency tuning mechanism, which offers large tuning ranges. Reentrant cavities are, in essence, 3D lumped LC circuits consisting of a conducting central post embedded in a resonant cavity. The lowest order reentrant mode (which transforms from the TM010 mode) has been extensively studied in past publications. In this work, we show the existence of higher order reentrant post modes (which transform from the TM01n mode family). We characterize these new modes in terms of their frequency tuning, filling factors, and quality factors, as well as discuss some possible applications of these modes in fundamental physics tests.
Measurements of elastic properties of langatate at liquid helium temperatures for design of ultra low loss mechanical systems
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 30-06-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4885423
Abstract: We present full characterisation of acoustic wave devices based on the fully synthetic crystalline material at the liquid helium temperature range required for the design of ultra low loss mechanical systems in many areas of research, including frequency control and fundamental measurements. Temperature coefficients of the effective elastic tensor of Langatate (LGT) in Lagrangian representation are determined for the temperature range of 3.8–15 K. The Lagrangian formalism is mandatory in the analysed situation since the expansion coefficients of the LGT are still unknown at these temperatures. The measurement method involves a set of high-quality resonators of various cut angles and uses measurements of frequency-temperature relations to extract the temperature coefficients of the elastic tensor. In addition, power sensitivity of LGT resonators at cryogenic temperatures is determined and dominant loss mechanism is identified.
Determination of Low Loss in Isotopically Pure Single Crystal 28Si at Low Temperatures and Single Microwave Photon Energy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2017
DOI: 10.1038/SREP44813
Abstract: The low dielectric losses of an isotopically pure single crystal 28 Si s le were determined at a temperature of 20 mK and at powers equivalent to that of a single photon. Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) analysis revealed large Quality Factors of order 2 × 10 6 (dielectric loss ~5 × 10 −7 ) at high powers, degrading to 7 × 10 5 (dielectric loss ~1.4 × 10 −6 ) at single photon energy. A very low-loss narrow line width paramagnetic spin flip transition was detected with extreme sensitivity in 28 Si, with very small concentration below 10 11 cm −3 (less than 10 parts per trillion) and g-factor of 1.995 ± 0.008. Such determination was only possible due to the low dielectric photonic losses combined with the long lifetime of the spin transition (low magnetic loss), which enhances the magnetic AC susceptibility. Such low photonic loss at single photon energy combined with the narrow line width of the spin ensemble, indicate that single crystal 28 Si could be an important crystal for future cavity QED experiments.
The association of energy intake bias with psychological scores of women
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1999
Abstract: Assess the association between reporting bias of dietary energy intake and the behavioral and psychological profiles in women. At baseline a series of questionnaires were administered to 37 women, (the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Restraint Scale and Sorensen-Stunkard's silhouettes). Subjects received training on how to record dietary records. Subjects recorded three days of dietary records to measure energy intake (EI) during a study to determine total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labeled water. Reporting accuracy (RA = EI/TEE x 100) was determined for each subject. Statistical analysis of the data used a mixed effects model accounting for within subject variability to determine if the psychological scores were associated with reporting accuracy. Women were recruited with local advertisements in Tucson, Arizona. The women had a mean ( +/- 1 s.d.) age of 43.6 +/- 9.3 yrs, body mass index (BMI) of 28.7 +/- 8.5 kg/m2 and total body fat (%TBF) of 31.9 +/- 7.3%. Age and %TBF were significantly and inversely associated with RA. Furthermore, Social Desirability was negatively associated with RA. Body dissatisfaction and associating a smaller body size than one's own as being more healthy were also associated with a lower RA. These results suggest that Social Desirability and self image of body shape are associated with RA. Modifications in subject training may reduce the effect of these factors on RA.
Response to “Comment on ‘Higher order reentrant post modes in cylindrical cavities’” [J. Appl. Phys. 123 , 226101 (2018)]
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 14-06-2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5024564
Abstract: We recently rigorously described using finite element analysis a cylindrical cavity resonator, with a cylindrical post inserted along the central axis. Such a cavity has a well known reentrant mode where an Ez field exists in the gap between the lid and the post. In McAllister et al., J. App. Phys. 122, 144501 (2017), we rigorously analysed higher order modes with similar characteristics to the well known reentrant mode, which we dubbed “higher order re-entrant post modes.” The author claims in S. Belomestnykh, J. Appl. Phys. 123, 226101 (2018) that these modes have been described before as foreshortened quarter-wave resonators. We discuss the differences between the results of rigorous finite element modelling and the model proposed in the comment and show that the proposed description is a crude non-Maxwellian model, only approximately valid in a finite region of the cavity tuning range with on average ∼9.6% agreement with experimental frequencies for the first higher order mode. The model assumes simple electromagnetic field patterns which do not satisfy Maxwell's equations, and we show that they vary significantly from the rigorous analysis based on Maxwell's equations. The foreshortened quarter-wave resonator model cannot be used to accurately calculate geometry factors or other factors that require precise knowledge of the fields, such as those computed in the design of cavities for axion experiments. We conclude that the reentrant mode description in the paper is favourable.
Frequency stability of Ti3+-doped whispering gallery mode sapphire resonator oscillator at 34 K
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20058179
Mechanical quality factor of a cryogenic sapphire test mass for gravitational wave detectors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1999
Giant g-factors of natural impurities in synthetic quartz
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 23-12-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4858075
Abstract: We report the observation of g-factors of natural paramagnetic impurities in a pure synthetic quartz crystal at milli-Kelvin temperatures. Measurements are made by performing spectroscopy using multiple high-Q whispering gallery modes sustained in the crystal. Extreme sensitivity of the method at low temperatures allows the determination of natural residual impurities introduced during the crystal growth. We observe g-factors that significantly differ from integer multiples of the electron g-factor in vacuum, and with values of up to 7.6, which reveals much stronger coupling between impurities and the crystal lattice than in previous studies. Both substitutional and interstitial ions are proposed as candidates for the observed interactions.
The 3D split-ring cavity lattice: a new metastructure for engineering arrays of coupled microwave harmonic oscillators
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-01-2015
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Amount: $242,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE210100126
Start Date: 07-2021
End Date: 07-2022
Amount: $527,638.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE100100009
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 12-2011
Amount: $455,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage - International - Grant ID: LX0453861
Start Date: 02-2004
End Date: 12-2006
Amount: $90,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE130100163
Start Date: 2013
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP190100071
Start Date: 02-2019
End Date: 12-2021
Amount: $530,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE180100042
Start Date: 2018
End Date: 12-2018
Amount: $621,834.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage - International - Grant ID: LX0881900
Start Date: 2008
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $87,283.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE200100008
Start Date: 08-2020
End Date: 08-2027
Amount: $35,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0557093
Start Date: 2005
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $913,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage - International - Grant ID: LX0242351
Start Date: 2002
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $23,190.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE170100009
Start Date: 2018
End Date: 06-2025
Amount: $31,900,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE1101013
Start Date: 06-2011
End Date: 12-2017
Amount: $24,500,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage - International - Grant ID: LX0775862
Start Date: 2007
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $75,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity