ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2066-2223
Current Organisation
Macquarie University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Education Systems | Early Childhood Education (excl. Māori) | Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics | Social Policy | Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators | Educational Psychology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Learner and Learning Processes | Pedagogy | Learner and Learning Achievement | Equity and Access to Education | Education and Training Systems Policies and Development | Assessment and Evaluation of Curriculum | Families and Family Services | Children's/Youth Services and Childcare |
Related Links
Publications
“He's got a mind of his own”: The development of a framework for determining mothers’ beliefs about their infants’ minds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Toddler-educator decontextualised talk and its value for toddlers’ learning
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-11-2022
Introduction—Language in context: positioning young children's language and literacy learning within place, community and culture
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 27-03-2023
Joint attention in infant-toddler early childhood programs: Its dynamics and potential for collaborative learning
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: This article examines how joint attention episodes constitute a core feature of relational pedagogy for infants and toddlers. It draws on social interactionist approaches to language and cognitive development to propose that joint attention may afford significant current and future potential for young children’s learning. However, most joint attention research has taken place within experimental settings, so current definitions of joint attention do not take into account the dynamic group-based nature of the infant-toddler room. In this article, the author presents findings from a study of the language environment of infant-toddler rooms to examine the characteristics of joint attention episodes as they naturally occurred in infant-toddler programs. The author illustrates how qualitatively different episodes of educator–infant joint attention support both language and cognitive development. In doing so, she proposes a theoretical model to represent the learning potential of these shared experiences with the aim of enhancing current understandings of what it means to learn collaboratively in infant-toddler group settings.
High-quality interactions with infants
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global B
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Infant educators' use of mental-state talk in Australia and China: a cross-cultural comparative study
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 27-03-2023
‘I Belong Here; I been Coming a Big Time’: An Exploration of Belonging that Includes the Voice of Children
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: BELONGING, AS A TERM and a concept, has entered popular lexicon and is being extensively referred to in a variety of everyday and academic contexts. The word presumes a shared understanding, yet despite its common usage, theoretical literature suggests that this is not an accurate assumption. This research investigated what belonging meant to a group of young children aged between three and five years in an early care and education service, and the implications of their understandings. The core concepts of belonging to people and to place had been identified in the literature but what emerged was that children identified new elements, which were powerful determinants of belonging for them. The research confirmed that young children are indeed capable of conceptualising and expressing complex cognitive concepts like belonging when provided with a context conducive to this.
“Connecting patients and therapists remotely using technology is feasible and facilitates exercise adherence after stroke”
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-11-2020
Fruit and vegetable consumption in Vietnam, and the use of a ‘standard serving’ size to measure intake
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516001690
Abstract: The aims of the present study were to provide nationally representative data on fruit and vegetable consumption in Vietnam, and to assess the accuracy of the reported numbers of ‘standard servings’ consumed. Data analysed were from a multi-stage stratified cluster survey of 14 706 participants (46·5 % males, response proportion 64·1 %) aged 25−64 years in Vietnam. Measurements were made in accordance with the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPS) protocols. Approximately 80 % of Vietnamese people reported having less than five servings of fruit and vegetables daily in a typical week. Fruit and vegetable intake reported in ‘standard serving’ sizes was positively correlated with levels of education completed and household income ( P ·001 for trend). The correlations between summary values for each province reflect some known demographic, geographical and climatic characteristics of the country. For ex le, provinces at higher latitude had higher mean servings of vegetables ( r 0·90), and provinces with higher proportions of urban population had higher mean servings of fruit ( r 0·40). In conclusion, about eight in ten Vietnamese people aged 25–64 years did not meet WHO recommendations for daily consumption of at least five servings of fruit and vegetables. On the basis of the consistency of the data collected with other estimates and with physical and demographic characteristics of the country, the WHO STEPS instrument has construct validity for measuring fruit and vegetable intake, but with two issues identified. The issues were seasonal variation in reporting and a limitation on the usefulness of the information for associative analyses.
Infant–toddler Educators' Language Support Practices during Snack-time
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1177/183693911604100407
Abstract: THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE quantity and quality of infant–toddler educators' language-support practices during morning or afternoon snack-time short episodes. Infants' participation in, and the quality of their interactions with adults plays a critical role in their language development. However, while mealtimes with older children have been identified as providing rich opportunities for language development, research suggests that infant educators may overlook the pedagogical significance of this context. The participants comprised 26 focus educators whose video-recorded snack-time interactions were extracted from a three-hour observation of their normal duties with the children. The recording and associated transcript of focus educator talk was analysed to determine measures of language-promoting talk characteristics and teaching strategies. Overall results illustrate that educators' language-promoting practices were limited in their potential to promote language development. In idual differences were positively related to qualification level, and to whether or not the educator predominantly sat with the children, and were negatively related to infant–educator ratios. Findings suggest the need for an increased focus on educators' pedagogical knowledge and skills related to supporting language development with these very young children.
The impact of COVID-19 on the delivery of preservice teacher education: a scoping review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2022
Long-Term Outcome in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000183621.32045.31
Abstract: Background and Purpose— Although much is known about the long-term outcome of stroke patients in terms of mortality and disability, there has been little research on the patient-centered outcome of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are limited natural history data on HRQoL beyond 2 years after stroke and no data on those factors present at stroke onset that predict HRQoL beyond 2 years after stroke. For these reasons, we aimed to examine these aspects of HRQoL in an unselected population of stroke patients. Methods— All cases of first-ever stroke from a prospective community-based stroke incidence study (excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage) were assessed 5 years after stroke. HRQoL was measured with the assessment of quality of life instrument. ANOVA was used to determine baseline predictors of HRQoL. Results— In total, 978 cases were recruited, 45% were male, and the mean age (±SD) was 75.5±13.8 years. Five years after stroke, 441 (45.1%) were alive and 356 were assessed (80.7%). Those assessed were more often born in Australia and older in age (both P .05). Seventy-one survivors (20%) had a very low HRQoL (score ≤0.1). The independent baseline predictors of low HRQoL at 5 years after stroke were increasing age, lower socioeconomic status, and markers of stroke severity. Conclusion— At 5 years after stroke, we found that a substantial proportion of survivors were suffering from poor HRQoL. As our population ages, the number of strokes and, thus, stroke survivors with poor HRQoL is likely to increase. Therefore, strategies to improve HRQoL should be vigorously pursued.
Factors Contributing to Sex Differences in Health‐Related Quality of Life After Ischemic Stroke: BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) Project
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-09-2022
Abstract: Women have been reported to have worse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) following stroke than men, but uncertainty exists over the reasons for the sex difference. We included all ischemic strokes registered with the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) project (May 2010–December 2016), a population‐based stroke study, who completed a 90‐day outcome interview. Information on baseline characteristics was obtained from medical records and in‐person interviews. HRQoL was measured by the 12‐item short‐form Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale. Multivariable Tobit regression was used to estimate the mean difference in overall HRQoL scores (range, 1–5 higher indicating better HRQoL) between sexes and to identify contributing factors to the differences. We included 1061 cases with complete data on HRQoL and covariates (median age, 67 years 51% women). In unadjusted analyses, women had poorer overall HRQoL than men (mean difference, −0.26 [95% CI, −0.40 to −0.13]). Contributors to this difference included sociodemographic restroke factors (eg, age, race and ethnicity, prestroke function), risk factors/comorbidities (eg, history of stroke, Alzheimer disease/dementia), and initial stroke severity. Sociodemographic restroke factors explained 62% of the sex difference (mean difference, −0.08 [95% CI, −0.21 to 0.04]). In a fully adjusted model that included adjustment for all confounding factors, the sex difference was eliminated and became nonsignificant (mean difference, −0.03 [95% CI, −0.16 to 0.09]). Poorer HRQoL in women compared with men was observed and explained by the combination of sociodemographic and prestroke factors, including physical function before stroke and stroke severity. The findings suggest potential subgroups of women who might benefit from more targeted interventions before and after stroke to improve HRQoL.
Parental Knowledge and Use of the National Quality Framework in their Childcare Decision Making: Informed Believers, Informed Dismissers and Indifferent Disregarders
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: THE INTRODUCTION OF THE National Quality Framework (NQF) aimed to improve the quality of formal early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings across Australia, and enable parents to make informed childcare choices. Since this Framework was only introduced in 2012, research has yet to determine if these intended outcomes have been achieved. The impact of this policy on the choices of prospective parents is explored. Findings suggest that prospective parents' knowledge of the Framework is low and their use of NQF quality ratings to inform ECEC decision making even lower. Various influences on prospective parents' ECEC choices appeared to prevent those who knew about the ratings from using them effectively. Notwithstanding efforts to promote the NQF and quality ratings as tools for parents when choosing ECEC for their children, findings suggest that the use of these tools is highly influenced by market failures.
Correlates and determinants of transport-related physical activity among adults: an interdisciplinary systematic review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-13937-9
Abstract: Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) has been identified as a way to increase physical activity due to its discretionary and habitual nature. Factors thought to influence TRPA span multiple disciplines and are rarely systematically considered in unison. This systematic review aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal factors associated with adult TRPA across multiple research disciplines. Using four electronic databases, a systematic search of English, peer-reviewed literature from 2010 – 2020 was performed. Studies quantitatively examining factors associated with the outcome of adult TRPA were eligible. Seventy-three studies ( n = 66 cross-sectional n = 7 longitudinal) were included, cumulatively reporting data from 1,278,632 observations. Thirty-six factors were examined for potential association with TRPA and presented in a social-ecological framework: in idual ( n = 15), social ( n = 3), and environmental ( n = 18). Seven factors were found to be consistently associated with higher adult TRPA: lower socio-economic status, higher self-efficacy, higher social normalization, lower distance of travel, higher destination concentration, more streetlighting, and higher public transportation frequency with a greater number of terminals near route start and endpoints. This is the first comprehensive compilation of the correlates and determinants of adult TRPA. Seven in idual, social, and environmental factors demonstrated consistent associations with TRPA. Models formed using these factors may facilitate more effective promotion of TRPA. There is a lack of longitudinal studies as well as studies assessing cognitive/attitudinal and social factors, highlighting gaps for further research. Those developing policies and strategies targeting TRPA need to consider a range of factors at the in idual, social, and environmental level to maximise the likelihood of effectiveness.
Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and the Risk of Vascular Events and Falls After Stroke: A Real-World Effectiveness Study Using Linked Registry Data
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19883
Abstract: Real-world evidence is limited on whether antihypertensive medications help avert major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after stroke without increasing the risk of falls. We investigated the association of adherence to antihypertensive medications on the incidence of MACE and falls requiring hospitalization after stroke. A retrospective cohort study of adults who were newly dispensed antihypertensive medications after an acute stroke (Australian Stroke Clinical Registry 2012–2016 Queensland and Victoria). Pharmaceutical dispensing records were used to determine medication adherence according to the proportion of days covered in the first 6 months poststroke. Outcomes between 6 and 18 months postdischarge included: (i) MACE, a composite outcome of all-cause death, recurrent stroke or acute coronary syndrome and (ii) falls requiring hospitalization. Estimates were derived using Cox models, adjusted for confounders using inverse probability treatment weights. Among 4076 eligible participants (median age 68 years 37% women), 55% had a proportion of days covered ≥80% within 6 months postdischarge. In the subsequent 12 months, 360 (9%) participants experienced a MACE and 337 (8%) experienced a fall requiring hospitalization. After achieving balance between groups, participants with a proportion of days covered ≥80% had a reduced risk of MACE (hazard ratio: 0.68 95% CI: 0.54–0.84) and falls requiring hospitalization (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.78 95% CI: 0.62–0.98) than those with a proportion of days covered %. High adherence to antihypertensive medications within 6 months poststroke was associated with reduced risks of both MACE and falls requiring hospitalization. Patients should be encouraged to adhere to their antihypertensive medications to maximize poststroke outcomes.
A right to know
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Lifestyle behaviours associated with 5-year weight gain in a prospective cohort of Australian adults aged 26-36 years at baseline
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2017
Understanding infants: characteristics of early childhood practitioners' interpretations of infants and their behaviours
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2008
Reliability and Validity of a Life Course Passive Smoke Exposure Questionnaire in an Australian Cohort From Childhood to Adulthood
Publisher: Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
Date: 31-03-2021
DOI: 10.3961/JPMPH.20.559
Readability and beyond - Health literacy and numeracy and COVID-19 communications in early childhood education: Are we communicating effectively?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
A dynamic systems methodological approach to understanding the collaborative nature of joint attention in early childhood settings
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1177/18369391221130784
Abstract: In this article, we present a dynamic systems theoretical and methodological approach to investigating joint attention in early childhood (EC) centres. Joint attention, defined as a social interaction in which child and caregiver share a common focus of attention, is an important interactive context for collaborative learning. We overview the principles of dynamics systems theory and explain how these principles conceptualise joint attention as emerging from synchronised, ‘in-the-moment’ interactions between child and educator. Drawing on data from a project investigating the dynamic nature of joint attention in infant EC rooms, state space grids (SSGs) are then presented as a research tool that graphically captures and represents the mutually influencing contributions of educator, infant and the environment. We conclude by considering other ways to use SSG analysis to provide a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of educator child interactions in EC settings.
Sex Differences in Disease Profiles, Management, and Outcomes Among People with Atrial Fibrillation After Ischemic Stroke: Aggregated and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analyses
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2020
Language in context: positioning young children’s language and literacy learning within place, community and culture
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2022
The Richness of Everyday Moments: Bringing Visibility to the Qualities of Care Within Pedagogical Spaces
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-10-2016
Advancing convergent mixed methods design using the Diamond Approach for clinical multiple case studies: an example using data on time to treatment in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-09-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.08.21263308
Abstract: Using a new approach to the analysis and synthesis of a clinically focused mixed-methods multiple case study of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), we explored barriers and facilitators to timely treatment. In this paper we provide guidance for the multiple steps of analysis and synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data from across and within 27 case studies. Results showed that median (IQR) time to treatment was 15.1 (9.0, 24.1) hours. Only 37% of cases had treatment within 12-hours of onset. Early recognition of aSAH, good coordination, and availability of resources for treatment were main facilitators for treatment within 12 hours from onset. Lack of recognition of aSAH at onset and lack of resources for immediate in-hospital treatment were major barriers.
Department of Error
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Motion events in early child Mandarin: How preschoolers communicate dynamic spatial information in toy-play context?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Echocardiographic detection of heart valve disease in a community cohort of asymptomatic Australians > 65 years with cardiovascular risk factors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2022.11.045
Abstract: Valvular heart disease is becoming an increasingly prevalent with population ageing. We sought to define the current prevalence of valvular heart disease in Australia. The TasELF and VicELF studies prospectively recruited 962 asymptomatic participants ≥65 years, with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, from the Tasmanian and Victorian communities. People were excluded if they had a previous diagnosis of heart failure, or a life expectancy <1 year. All underwent baseline echocardiography. Those with moderate or severe valvular disease were identified. The current prevalence of clinically significant valve disease was applied to the Australian Bureau of Statistics population projections. Echocardiograms were interpretable in 943 participants (98%). Clinically significant valve disease was present in 5% of the population, and mitral regurgitation was the most common overall valvular lesion, present in 36% of the population. The projected numbers of people with clinically significant valvular disease is expected to increase significantly across all age groups by the year 2060. Clinically significant yet asymptomatic valvular disease was prevalent in a large community cohort of participants with at least one risk factor. The total burden of valvular heart disease is expected to increase dramatically over the coming decades.
Longitudinal monitoring of asthma in the clinic using respiratory oscillometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.14053
Abstract: Asthma guidelines emphasize the importance of assessing lung function and symptoms. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) and its longitudinal relationship with spirometry and symptoms are unresolved. We examined concordance between longitudinal spirometry, FOT and symptom control, and determined FOT limits of agreement in stable asthma. Over a 3‐year period, adults with asthma attending a tertiary clinic completed the asthma control test (ACT), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), FOT and spirometry. Analysis included between‐visit concordance for significant change using Cohen's kappa ( κ ) and stable asthma FOT limits of agreement. Data ( n = 186) from 855 visits (mean ± SD 4.6 ± 3.0 visits), 114 ± 95 days apart, were analysed. Between‐visit concordance was moderate between reactance at 5 Hz ( X 5) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) ( κ = 0.34, p = 0.001), and weak between ACT and FEV 1 ( κ = 0.18, p = 0.001). Change in FeNO did not correlate with lung function or ACT ( κ 0.05, p 0.1). Stable asthma between visits ( n = 75 132 visits) had reduced lung function variability, but comparable concordance to the entire cohort. Limits of agreement for FEV 1 (0.42 L), resistance at 5 Hz (2.06 cm H 2 O s L −1 ) and X 5 (2.75 cm H 2 O s L −1 ) in stable asthma were at least twofold greater than published values in health. In adults with asthma, there is moderate concordance between longitudinal change in FOT and spirometry. Both tests relate poorly to changes in asthma control, highlighting the need for multi‐modal assessment in asthma rather than symptoms alone. The derivation of longitudinal FOT limits of agreement will assist in its clinical interpretation.
Physical Activity in Vietnam: Estimates and Measurement Issues
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-10-2015
Associations between Partnering and Parenting Transitions and Dietary Habits in Young Adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2016.12.008
Abstract: Partnering and parenting are important life-stage transitions that often occur during young adulthood. Little is known about how these transitions affect two dietary behaviors linked to increased cardiometabolic disease risk: skipping breakfast and takeaway-food consumption. Our aim was to examine whether partnering and parenting transitions during a 5-year period were associated with change in diet quality, skipping breakfast, and takeaway-food consumption. We conducted a cohort study. Questionnaires were completed at baseline (2004 to 2006) and follow-up (2009 to 2011). Marital status and number of children were self-reported. Australian participants (n=1,402 [39% men]) aged 26 to 36 years were included. Diet quality was assessed using a Dietary Guideline Index. Breakfast skipping (not eating before 9 am the previous day) and frequent takeaway-food consumption (≥2 times/week) were reported. Linear regression (mean differences in Dietary Guideline Index) and log binomial regression (relative risks for skipping breakfast and frequent takeaway-food consumption) were adjusted for age, education, follow-up duration, day of the week (skipping breakfast only), the other transition, and baseline behavior. During the 5-year follow-up, 101 men and 93 women became married/living as married, and 149 men and 155 women had their first child. Diet quality improved among all groups and was similar at follow-up between those who experienced the transitions and those who did not. Compared to having no children, having a first child was associated with a lower risk of skipping breakfast for men (relative risk 0.65 95% CI 0.42 to 1.01) and women (relative risk 0.47 95% CI 0.31 to 0.72). Men who became partnered also had a lower risk of skipping breakfast than those who remained single (relative risk 0.64 95% CI 0.42 to 0.98). The transitions were not significantly associated with takeaway-food consumption. Life-stage transitions were not associated with better diet quality. Participants who became partnered or parents were more likely to eat breakfast at follow-up than those who remained single or had no children.
This is a learning opportunity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2019
Sex differences in quality of life after stroke were explained by patient factors, not clinical care: evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.14531
Creating pretence and sharing friendship: modal expressions in children's play
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
The language of friendship: Genre in the conversations of preschool children
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-11-2013
Abstract: This article presents findings of a pilot project for a study investigating the language of preschool-aged peers, with particular attention to differences in genre that were evident in the dyadic play of children who self-identified as being ‘very best friends’ as opposed to ‘just a little bit’ friends. Participants were three 5-year-old boys in a preparatory class in regional Queensland, Australia. Friendship nominations were derived from a friendship circle activity during which children nominated whether their classmates were ‘very best’, ‘good’ or ‘a little bit’ friends. In this observational study, the three participating children were paired in different combinations of high- and low-level friendships, and their conversations were video- and audio-recorded during a 30-minute play session with open-ended materials. The conversations were analysed to identify the presence of specific genres within a framework driven by systemic functional linguistic theory. The analysis revealed several different genres that occurred across the three conversations and the linguistic features that accompanied these genres. Furthermore, differing levels of friendship appeared to be accompanied by differences in genre use. Findings suggest some valuable questions about the relationship between language and preschool friendships that provide avenues for future research.
Accumulated exposure to rural areas of residence over the life course is associated with overweight and obesity in adulthood: a 25-year prospective cohort study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2017.01.007
Abstract: This prospective cohort study investigated whether body mass index (BMI) and weight status in mid-adulthood were predicted by trajectories of urban-rural residence from childhood to adulthood. Participants aged 7-15 years in 1985 (n = 8498) were followed up in 2004-2006 (n = 3999, aged 26-36 years) and 2009-2011 (n = 3049, aged 31-41 years). Area of residence (AOR) was classified as urban or rural at each time point. BMI and/or weight status was calculated from self-reported weight and height (2009-2011). We tested which of three life-course models ("accumulation," "sensitive period," "mobility") best explained the AOR-BMI and/or weight status association using a novel life-course modeling framework. Accumulation and sensitive period models best described the effect of AOR on mid-adulthood BMI and weight status. Those with greater accumulated exposure to rural areas had a higher BMI (β = 0.29 kg/m Greater cumulative exposure to rurality and exposure during the "sensitive period" of young adulthood is associated with obesity in middle-aged adults. This study highlights the important contribution of context to the development of obesity over the life course.
Infant and toddler pedagogy
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 27-10-2022
DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199756810-0294
Abstract: The development and learning that occurs during the first three years of life is widely accepted to form a foundation for lifelong learning and well-being. While infants are born with powerful innate social and learning dispositions, over fifty years of observational and experimental research now demonstrates the critical role played by the social and physical environment in fostering early learning. Recently, due to a recognition that families are increasingly sharing the care of their infants and toddlers with early childhood (EC) educators, this research attention has been expanded to include early childhood education and care (ECEC) contexts. Research about the characteristics and consequences of infant-toddler pedagogies is itself still in infancy, but a robust evidence base is emerging to demonstrate the importance of infant-toddler early education pedagogies. There is a developing appreciation that the efforts of infant-toddler educators complement those of families to shape early learning and development. In a context where infant-toddler education and care suffers from societal attitudes about the low status of care and ‘women’s work,’ this evidence base challenges early childhood professionals, leaders, and policymakers to recognize and support the specialized nature of infant-toddler pedagogies. This article outlines international research about infant-toddler pedagogies across nine sections. The first provides some key Textbooks and Reference Works which collectively present and synthesize the research evidence for pre- and in-service educators and academic readers. The second section, Conceptualizing Quality in Infant-Toddler Pedagogies, examines evidence about the characteristics, contributors, and consequences of high-quality pedagogies. This bibliography then progresses to detail research into pedagogies that have been shown to foster specific areas of learning and development. Across three sections, cited articles identify particular teaching strategies that have been associated with infant-toddler social and emotional development, cognitive and language development, and physical health and development. The sixth section, Infant-Toddler Pedagogies That Support Inclusion, presents research and practitioner articles about the inclusion of infants and toddlers with disabilities, and sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds. The final two sections, The Infant-Toddler Workforce and Pre-service Education and Professional Learning, show that the capacity of educators to deliver high quality infant-toddler pedagogies is constrained by workforce conditions and professional learning opportunities. The evidence detailed in these sections provides a sobering reminder that effective infant-toddler pedagogies are reliant on the knowledge, capabilities, and well-being of educators, and that, internationally, leadership is needed to make meaningful improvements to infant-toddler educators’ preparation, working conditions, and status.
A Prospective Audit of Inpatient Medical Oncology Consultation Patterns in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in South Australia
Publisher: Savvy Science Publisher
Date: 15-06-2022
DOI: 10.12974/2313-0946.2014.01.02.2
Abstract: Objectives: Given the expanding role of medical oncology practice, with increasing therapeutic options for those with advanced malignancy, we sought to document the population of patients receiving inpatient medical oncology consultation. The aim of the study was to document patterns of inpatient referral to medical oncology in order to better understand service needs. We looked to define the relative frequency of cancer types, stage and treatment recommendations. Design: A large prospective clinical audit was undertaken between January 2005 and January 2007. Settings: The audit was conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, a major tertiary referral hospital. Participants: During the two year study period 1,173 consecutive inpatient referrals for medical oncology consultations were included in this analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Information was collected regarding patient demographics, referral unit, cancer diagnosis and stage, treatment recommendations and follow-up plans. Results: The most common referral units were General Medicine (19.8%) and Thoracic medicine (15%). The most common primary sites of cancer were lung (22.6%), colorectal (14.9%), primary brain tumours (9.6%) and head and neck (9.3%). The clear majority of patients had Stage 4 disease (80%) and were thus incurable in most cases. Chemotherapy was recommended in 43.7% of patients, chemo-radiation in 12.6% of patients, radiotherapy alone in 16.9% of patients and best supportive care in 24.1% of patients. Conclusions: This large prospective clinical audit defines the population of patients referred for inpatient medical oncology consultation at our tertiary hospital. Cancer patients are being cared for by a wide variety of non-cancer specialists. The majority of patients have advanced, non-curable disease but anticancer therapy is provided to most with the intention of prolonging survival and maintaining quality of life.
Regional differences in access to acute ischaemic stroke care and patient outcomes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1111/IMJ.14638
Abstract: Advances in stroke management such as acute stroke units and thrombolysis are not uniformly distributed throughout our population, with rural areas being relatively disadvantaged. It remains unclear, however, whether such disparities have led to corresponding differences in patient outcomes. To describe the regional differences in acute ischaemic stroke care and outcomes within the Australian state of Tasmania. A retrospective case note audit was used to assess the care and outcomes of 395 acute ischaemic stroke patients admitted to Tasmania's four major public hospitals. Sixteen care processes were recorded, which covered time-critical treatment, allied health interventions and secondary prevention. Outcome measures were assessed using 30-day mortality and discharge destination, both of which were analysed for differences between urban and rural hospitals using logistic regression. No patients in rural hospitals were administered thrombolysis these hospitals also did not have acute stroke units. With few exceptions, patients' access to the remaining care indicators was comparable between regions. After adjusting for confounders, there were no significant differences between regions in terms of 30-day mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-2.18) or discharge destination (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 0.81-1.91). With the exception of acute stroke unit care and thrombolysis, acute ischaemic stroke care within Tasmania's urban and rural hospitals was broadly similar. No significant differences were found between regions in terms of patient outcomes. Future studies are encouraged to employ larger data sets, which capture a broader range of urban and rural sites and record patient outcomes at extended interval.
Usability and feasibility of PreventS-MD web app for stroke prevention
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-08-2023
DOI: 10.1177/17474930231190745
Abstract: Most strokes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are potentially preventable if their risk factors are identified and well controlled. Digital platforms, such as the PreventS-MD web app (PreventS-MD) may aid health care professionals (HCPs) in assessing and managing risk factors and promoting lifestyle changes for their patients. This is a mixed-methods cross-sectional two-phase survey using a largely positivist (quantitative and qualitative) framework. During Phase 1, a prototype of PreventS-MD was tested internationally by 59 of 69 consenting HCPs of different backgrounds, age, sex, working experience, and specialties using hypothetical data. Collected comments/suggestions from the study HCPs in Phase 1 were reviewed and implemented. In Phase 2, a near-final version of PreventS-MD was developed and tested by 58 of 72 consenting HCPs using both hypothetical and real patient (n = 10) data. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with real patients (n = 10) were conducted, and 1 month adherence to the preventive recommendations was assessed by self-reporting. The four System Usability Scale (SUS) groups of scores (0–50 unacceptable 51–68 poor 68–80.3 good .3 excellent) were used to determine usability of PreventS-MD. Ninety-nine HCPs from 27 countries (45% from low- to middle-income countries) participated in the study, and out of them, 10 HCPs were involved in the development of PreventS before the study, and therefore were not involved in the survey. Of the remaining 89 HCPs, 69 consented to the first phase of the survey, and 59 of them completed the first phase of the survey (response rate 86%), and 58 completed the second phase of the survey (response rate 84%). The SUS scores supported good usability of the prototype (mean score = 80.2 95% CI [77.0–84.0]) and excellent usability of the final version of PreventS-MD (mean score = 81.7 95% CI [79.1–84.3]) in the field. Scores were not affected by the age, sex, working experience, or specialty of the HCPs. One-month follow-up of the patients confirmed the high level of satisfaction/acceptability of PreventS-MD and (100%) adherence to the recommendations. The PreventS-MD web app has a high level of usability, feasibility, and satisfaction by HCPs and in iduals at risk of stroke/CVD. In iduals at risk of stroke/CVD demonstrated a high level of confidence and motivation in following and adhering to preventive recommendations generated by PreventS-MD.
Infant educators’ use of mental-state talk in Australia and China: a cross-cultural comparative study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-11-2021
Infantologies. An EPAT collective writing project
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2020
Gender Equity in Leadership and Conferences of the Stroke Society of Australasia
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 15-07-2022
DOI: 10.1159/000517453
Abstract: b i Introduction and Aim: /i /b Internationally, women are underrepresented as leaders in major scientific organizations and conferences. We aimed to determine gender differences in leadership roles and annual scientific conferences of the Stroke Society of Australasia (SSA). b i Methods: /i /b In a retrospective review of SSA data (2014–2019), committee members were obtained through the SSA Web site, and moderators, speakers, and award recipients were identified from SSA annual scientific conference programs. Gender was determined by name inspection and Web search. Absolute numbers and proportions of women and men were recorded for all roles examined, overall and per year. Associations between representation of women in conferences and percentage of women in speaking roles were tested using multinomial regression. b i Results: /i /b Presidential leadership of the SSA was held by men in 2014–2016 and 2019 and women in 2017–2018. SSA committee membership was predominantly women (55%), being lowest (47%) in 2014 and 2019 and highest (65%) in 2017. There was a wide gender variation at scientific conferences, with 41% of keynote speakers being women overall, from 20% in 2016 to 75% in 2015. From 2014 to 2019, 55% of all speakers were women, ranging from 32% (in 2016) to 71% (in 2015). A higher percentage of women as speakers or moderators was associated with a program committee with over a third of its members composed of women ( i /i ≤ 0.044). b i Conclusions: /i /b Representation of women varied from 2014 to 2019 in the SSA organization and its conferences, although men are more often elected president in the organization and women are less often keynote speakers. When more women were included in the program committee, the representation of women as speakers increased.
Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Understanding of medications and associations with adherence, unmet needs, and perceived control of risk factors at two years post-stroke
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2022.01.007
Abstract: It is unclear whether survivors of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) routinely receive, and understand, education about secondary prevention medications. To investigate whether survivors of stroke/TIA understand explanations about their prescribed prevention medications and associations with medication adherence, control of risk factors, and unmet needs. A survey was administered among survivors of stroke/TIA (random s le N = 1500) from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (Victoria and Queensland, 2016). Participants reported whether they understood explanations about each prescribed medication, as well as their unmet needs, perceived control of risk factors, and 30-day medication adherence. Linked pharmacy claims data were also used to determine medication adherence in the previous two years (proportion of days covered ≥80%). Outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression or multivariable negative binomial regression for frequency of unmet needs. Overall, 630/1455 eligible survivors completed the survey at ≈2.5 years post-admission (median age 69 years 37% female). Most participants reported using prevention medications (76% antihypertensive 84% antithrombotic 76% lipid-lowering) but only 66-75% reported they understood explanations about their medication (75% antihypertensive 66% antithrombotic 74% lipid-lowering). Participants who understood explanations about their medication more often reported 30-day adherence for antihypertensive (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.96 95% CI: 1.20-3.19), antithrombotic (aOR: 2.03 95% CI: 1.31-3.14) and lipid-lowering medications (aOR: 1.73 95% CI: 1.08-2.76). Similar associations were observed for antihypertensive and antithrombotic medications when pharmacy claims data were used to infer 2-year medication adherence. Understanding explanations about medications was also associated with perceived control of risk factors (hypertension: aOR: 11.08 95% CI: 6.04-20.34 cholesterol aOR: 8.26 95% CI: 4.72-14.47) and up to 33% fewer unmet needs related to secondary prevention. Expanded efforts are needed to improve the delivery of information about prevention medications to promote medication adherence, control of risk factors, and potentially prevent unmet needs following stroke/TIA.
Sex Differences in Causes of Death After Stroke: Evidence from a National, Prospective Registry
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 03-2021
From birth to three
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2021
Go Home, Sit Less: The Impact of Home Versus Hospital Rehabilitation Environment on Activity Levels of Stroke Survivors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2018.04.012
Abstract: To examine whether change in rehabilitation environment (hospital or home) and other factors influence time spent sitting upright and walking after stroke. Observational study. Two inpatient rehabilitation units and community residences following discharge. Participants (N=34) with stroke were recruited. An activity monitor was worn continuously for 7 days during the final week in the hospital and the first week at home. Other covariates included mood, fatigue, physical function, pain, and cognition. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the associations between the environment (exposure) and physical activity levels (outcome) in the hospital and at home. Interaction terms between the exposure and other covariates were added to the model to determine whether they modified activity with change in environment. The mean age of participants was 68±13 years and 53% were male. At home, participants spent 45 fewer minutes sitting (95% CI -84.8, -6.1 P=.02), 45 more minutes upright (95% CI 6.1, 84.8 P=.02), and 12 more minutes walking (95% CI 5, 19 P=.001), and completed 724 additional steps (95% CI 199, 1250 P=.01) each day compared to in the hospital. Depression at discharge predicted greater sitting time and less upright time (P=.03 respectively) at home. Environmental change from hospital to home was associated with reduced sitting time and increased the time spent physically active, though depression modified this change. The rehabilitation environment may be a target to reduce sitting and promote physical activity.
Urban-rural differences in the care and outcomes of acute stroke patients: Systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNS.2018.12.021
Abstract: To describe literature pertaining to urban-rural differences in both the quality of care and outcomes of acute stroke patients. We systematically searched CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Scopus for published and unpublished literature until 9th December 2017. Studies were included if they compared the acute care provided to, or outcomes of, patients hospitalised for stroke in urban versus rural settings. Abstract, full-text review, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Findings are presented in the form of narrative syntheses. A total of 28 studies were included in the review (16 on care, 12 on outcomes). With few exceptions, studies addressing the provision of care suggested that rural patients have less access to most aspects of acute stroke care. Studies reporting urban-rural differences in patient outcomes were inconsistent in their findings, however, few of these studies were primarily focused on the issue of urban-rural disparities. Overall, study findings did not appear to differ in line with study quality ratings, stroke subtypes included, or how inter-facility patient transfers were accounted for. There is convincing, albeit not unanimous, evidence to suggest that stroke patients in rural areas receive less acute care than their urban counterparts. Despite this, the available data and methodology have largely not been used to study urban-rural differences in patient outcomes. PROSPERO registration information: URL: www.crd.york.ac.uk rospero. Unique identifier: CRD42017073262.
The state of stroke services across the globe: Report of World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization surveys
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-05-2021
DOI: 10.1177/17474930211019568
Abstract: Improving stroke services is critical for reducing the global stroke burden. The World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization– Lancet Neurology Commission on Stroke conducted a survey of the status of stroke services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. Using a validated World Stroke Organization comprehensive questionnaire, we collected and compared data on stroke services along four pillars of the stroke quadrangle (surveillance, prevention, acute stroke, and rehabilitation) in 84 countries across World Health Organization regions and economic strata. The World Health Organization also conducted a survey of non-communicable diseases in 194 countries in 2019. Fewer surveillance activities (including presence of registries, presence of recent risk factors surveys, and participation in research) were reported in low-income countries than high-income countries. The overall global score for prevention was 40.2%. Stroke units were present in 91% of high-income countries in contrast to 18% of low-income countries (p 0.001). Acute stroke treatments were offered in ∼ 60% of high-income countries compared to 26% of low-income countries (p = 0.009). Compared to high-income countries, LMICs provided less rehabilitation services including in-patient rehabilitation, home assessment, community rehabilitation, education, early hospital discharge program, and presence of rehabilitation protocol. There is an urgent need to improve access to stroke units and services globally especially in LMICs. Countries with less stroke services can adapt strategies from those with better services. This could include establishment of a framework for regular monitoring of stroke burden and services, implementation of integrated prevention activities and essential acute stroke care services, and provision of interdisciplinary care for stroke rehabilitation.
Using a multidisciplinary, multi-method and collaborative research design to investigate the health communication power of the early childhood sector
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-08-2022
DOI: 10.1177/18369391221120958
Abstract: This paper details the research design of a multidisciplinary, multi-method, collaborative research project investigating health communication from the experiences of the early childhood education (ECE) sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the rapidly evolving pandemic, the ECE sector was instantly tasked with expanding their required health practices to prevent the spread of infection. It was evident that the sector needed a system to communicate health advice in a timely, consistent and effective manner. Founded on a partnership model based on ‘knowledge brokering’ theory, this project demonstrates the value of a multidisciplinary research team collaborating with stakeholder organisations to investigate how COVID-19 health information traversed through complexities of organisational layers and erse communities of families and staff. Detailing our data collection and analysis protocols, we conclude by outlining how our innovative research design is generating actionable and impactful recommendations for both the ECE and health sectors.
Infants’ experience with ‘near and clear’ educator talk: individual variation and its relationship to indicators of quality
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-05-2018
Similar Impact, Different Readiness: A Comparative Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on ECTE Practice
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU142114078
Abstract: COVID-19 lockdowns forced universities to deliver classes wholly online, resulting in various impacts on higher teacher education institutions (TEIs) that were differently prepared for such a change. However, few studies have explored the impact of the pandemic on the shift of early childhood teacher education programs to online delivery, especially from a cross-national comparative perspective. To address this gap, this study compared how early childhood teacher educators (ECTEs) in one Australian and one Chinese TEI viewed and coped with the challenges caused by online teaching during the lockdowns. A total of 14 ECTEs participated in this triangulated qualitative study: six from the Australian TEI and eight from the Chinese TEI. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the research data. The results indicated that the Australian ECTEs were better prepared for online education than their Chinese counterparts regarding proficiency and advance in using online teaching platforms, trying different kinds of teaching styles, and their online teaching skills, literacy, and competence. However, the coded data showed that the participant Australian and Chinese ECTEs shared similar views on the negative impact of the change, such as producing ineffective interaction, broken social-emotional connections, heavier workloads, and drained staff. The findings suggest that TEIs from Australia and China need to develop contextually appropriate strategies and innovative solutions to cope with the lockdown challenges.
Self-Reported Exercise Prevalence and Determinants in the Long Term After Stroke: The North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSTROKECEREBROVASDIS.2017.07.008
Abstract: Exercise has established benefits following stroke. We aimed to describe self-reported exercise 5 and 10 years after stroke, change in exercise over time, and to identify factors associated with long-term exercise. Data on exercise (defined as 20 minutes' duration, causing sweating and increased heart rate) were obtained by questionnaire from a population-based stroke incidence study with 10-year follow-up. For change in exercise between 5 and 10 years (n = 276), we created 4 categories of exercise (no exercise, ceased exercising, commenced exercising, continued exercising). Multinomial regression determined associations between exercise categories and exercising before stroke, receiving exercise advice and functional ability and demographic factors. The prevalence of exercise at 5 years (n = 520) was 18.5% (n = 96) (mean age 74.7 [standard deviation {SD} 14] years, 50.6% male) and 24% (n = 78) at 10 years. In those with data at both 5 and 10 years (mean age 69 [standard deviation 14] years, 52.9% male), 15% (n = 42) continued exercising, 10% (n = 27) commenced exercising, 14% (n = 38) ceased exercising, and 61% (n = 169) reported no exercise. Continued exercise was associated with younger age (relative risk [RR] .47 95% confidence interval [CI] .25-0.89), greater Barthel score (RR 2.97 95% CI 1.00-8.86), independent walking (RR 2.32 95% CI 1.16-4.68), better quality of life (RR 10.9 95% CI 2.26-52.8), exercising before stroke (RR 16.0 95%CI 4.98-51.5), and receiving advice to exercise (RR 2.99 95% CI 1.73-5.16). Few people exercise after stroke and fewer commence exercise long term. Innovative interventions to promote and maintain exercise are required after stroke.
Infants and toddlers: how visible are they in the Early Years Learning Framework?
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2015
What it is all about: topic choices in young children's play
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2015
Why relationships matter: parent and early childhood teacher perspectives about the provisions afforded by young children's relationships
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2013
The association between quitting smoking and weight gain: a systemic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12448
Infant Educators’ Use of Pedagogical Questioning: Relationships With the Context of Interaction and Educators’ Qualifications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-07-2018
Global, regional, and country-specific lifetime risks of stroke, 1990 and 2016
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 20-12-2018
Sedentary time and activity behaviors after stroke rehabilitation: Changes in the first 3 months home
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-06-2021
Who cares? Infant educators’ responses to professional discourses of care
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-04-2015
Incidence of Stroke Subtypes in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS): Differences between Men and Women
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 08-11-2008
DOI: 10.1159/000170086
Abstract: i Background and Purpose: /i Incidence rates of stroke subtypes may be imprecise when s les are small. We aimed to determine the incidence of stroke subtypes in a large geographically defined population. i Methods: /i Multiple overlapping sources were used to ascertain all strokes occurring in 22 postcodes (population of 306,631) of Melbourne, Australia, between 1997 and 1999. Stroke subtypes were defined by CT, MRI and autopsy. The Mantel-Haenszel age-adjusted rate ratio (MH RR) was used to compare incidence rates between men and women. i Results: /i We identified 1,421 strokes among 1,337 residents, 1,035 (72.8%) being first-ever strokes. Incidence (number/100,000 population/year), adjusted to the European population 45–84 years, was 197 (95% confidence interval, CI, 169–224) for ischemic stroke (IS), 47 (95% CI 33–60) for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and 19 (95% CI 10–27) for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Compared with women, men in this age group had a greater incidence of IS (MH RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.39–1.96, p 0.0001) and ICH (MH RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01–2.10, p = 0.0420), but lesser rates of SAH (MH RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16–0.69, p = 0.0031). i Conclusions: /i In this population-based study, the incidence of IS and ICH was greater among men than women, while women had a greater incidence of SAH. More effort may need to be directed at modifying risk factors for IS and ICH in men.
Sex Differences in Severity of Stroke in the INSTRUCT Study: a Meta‐Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-01-2019
Abstract: Women have worse outcomes after stroke than men, and this may be partly explained by stroke severity. We examined factors contributing to sex differences in severity of acute stroke assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. We pooled in idual participant data with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale assessment (N=6343) from 8 population‐based stroke incidence studies (1996–2014), forming part of INSTRUCT (International Stroke Outcomes Study). Information on sociodemographics, stroke‐related clinical factors, comorbidities, and pre‐stroke function were obtained. Within each study, relative risk regression using log‐binominal modeling was used to estimate the female:male relative risk ( RR ) of more severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ) stratified by stroke type (ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage). Study‐specific unadjusted and adjusted RR s, controlling for confounding variables, were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale data were recorded in 5326 (96%) of 5570 cases with ischemic stroke and 773 (90%) of 855 participants with intracerebral hemorrhage. The pooled unadjusted female:male RR for severe ischemic stroke was 1.35 (95% CI 1.24–1.46). The sex difference in severity was attenuated after adjustment for age, pre‐stroke dependency, and atrial fibrillation but remained statistically significant (pooled RR adjusted 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.30). There was no sex difference in severity for intracerebral hemorrhage ( RR crude 1.08, 95% CI 0.97–1.21 RR adjusted 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.20). Although women presented with more severe ischemic stroke than men, much although not all of the difference was explained by pre‐stroke factors. Sex differences could potentially be ameliorated by strategies to improve pre‐stroke health in the elderly, the majority of whom are women. Further research on the potential biological origin of sex differences in stroke severity may also be warranted.
5th International Conference on Neurology and Epidemiology. Gold Coast, Australia, November 18-20, 2015: Abstracts
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 17-11-2015
DOI: 10.1159/000441544
Is sex a predictor for delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) and hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH)? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00701-022-05399-0
Abstract: DCI and hydrocephalus are the most common complications that predict poor outcomes after aSAH. The relationship between sex, DCI and hydrocephalus are not well established thus, we aimed to examine sex differences in DCI and hydrocephalus following aSAH in a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus and Medline databases from inception to August 2022 to identify cohort, case control, case series and clinical studies reporting sex and DCI, acute and chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC). Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool estimates for available studies. There were 56 studies with crude estimates for DCI and meta-analysis showed that women had a greater risk for DCI than men (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39). The meta-analysis for adjusted estimates for 9 studies also showed an association between sex and DCI (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.27–2.05). For acute hydrocephalus, only 9 studies were included, and meta-analysis of unadjusted estimates showed no association with sex (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.78–1.16). For SDHC, a meta-analysis of crude estimates from 53 studies showed that women had a somewhat greater risk of developing chronic hydrocephalus compared to men (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99–1.31). In meta-analysis for adjusted estimates from 5 studies, no association of sex with SDHC was observed (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.57–1.33). Female sex is associated with the development of DCI however, an association between sex and hydrocephalus was not detected. Strategies to target females to reduce the development of DCI may decrease overall morbidity and mortality after aSAH.
Distinct patterns of adult transport-related physical activity (TRPA) behaviour exist independent of the TRPA behaviours of childhood: the childhood determinants of adult health study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-023-01462-W
Abstract: Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) is recognised as a potential means of increasing total physical activity participation that may yield substantial health benefits. Public health c aigns focusing on promoting TRPA from a young age aim to develop life-long healthy habits. However, few studies have examined how TRPA changes across the lifecourse and whether childhood TRPA levels influence those observed later in life. Using the Australian Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study (baseline, 1985), latent class growth mixture modelling with adjustment for time-varying covariates was performed using four timepoints (ranging from 7 to 49 years) to assess behavioural patterns and retention of TRPA across the lifecourse. As child and adult adjusted TRPA measures could not be harmonised, trajectories of adult TRPA (n = 702) were instead identified, and log-binomial regression analysis was performed to determine whether childhood levels of TRPA (high/medium/low) influenced these trajectories. Two stable groups of adult TRPA trajectories were identified: persistently low (n = 520 74.2%), and increasingly high TRPA (n = 181 25.8%). There was no significant relationship between childhood TRPA levels and patterns in adulthood (relative risk of high childhood TRPA yielding high adult TRPA trajectory membership = 1.06 95% confidence interval = 0.95–1.09). This study found childhood TRPA levels were not associated with TRPA patterns in adulthood. These findings suggest that while TRPA in childhood may have health, social, and environmental benefits, it does not appear to impact adult TRPA directly. Therefore, further intervention is required beyond childhood to promote the implementation of healthy TRPA behaviours into adulthood.
Mind-mindedness in infant child-care
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
Declining Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking in Vietnam
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-10-2014
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTU202
Abstract: To supplement limited information on tobacco use in Vietnam, data from a nationally-representative population-based survey was used to estimate the prevalence of smoking among 25-64 year-olds. This study included 14,706 participants (53.5% females, response proportion 64%) selected by multi-stage stratified cluster s ling. Information was collected using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable disease (STEPS) questionnaire. Smoking prevalence was estimated with stratification by age, calendar year, and birth year. Prevalence of ever-smoking was 74.9% (men) and 2.6% (women). Male ever-smokers commenced smoking at median age of 19.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 17.0, 21.0) years and smoked median quantities of 10.0 (IQR: 7.0, 20.0) cigarettes/day. Female ever-smokers commenced smoking at median age of 20.0 (IQR: 18.0, 26.0) years and smoked median quantities of 6.0 (IQR: 4.0, 10.0) cigarettes/day. Prevalence has decreased in recent cohorts of men (p = .001), and its inverse association with years of education (p < .001) has strengthened for those born after 1969 (interaction p < .001). At 60 years of age, 53.0% of men who had reached that age were current smokers and they had accumulated median exposures of 39.0 (IQR: 32.0, 42.0) years of smoking and 21.0 (IQR: 11.5, 36.0) pack-years of cigarettes. The proportion of ever-smokers has decreased consistently among successive cohorts of women (p < .001). Smoking prevalence is declining in recent cohorts of men, and continues to decline in successive cohorts of women, possibly in response to anti-tobacco initiatives commencing in the 1990s. Low proportions of quitters mean that Vietnamese smokers accumulate high exposures despite moderate quantities of cigarettes smoked per day.
Two steps back
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Infant Educators’ Reported Conceptions of, and Approaches to, Infant Language Development: How do They Relate to Educator Qualification Level?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2020
National survey of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Vietnam: prevalence estimates and an assessment of their validity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2016
Greater Incidence of Both Fatal and Nonfatal Strokes in Disadvantaged Areas
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000202588.95876.A7
Abstract: Background and Purpose— Greater stroke mortality has been reported among lower socioeconomic groups. We aimed to determine whether fatal, nonfatal, and overall stroke incidence varied by socioeconomic status. Methods— All suspected strokes occurring in 22 postcodes (population of 306 631) of Melbourne, Australia, during a 24-month period between 1997 and 1999 were found and assessed. Multiple overlapping sources were used to ascertain cases with standard clinical definitions for stroke. Socioeconomic disadvantage was assigned in 4 bands from least to greatest using an area-based measure developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results— Overall stroke incidence (number per 100 000 population per year), adjusted to the European population 45 to 84 years of age, increased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage: 200 (95% CI, 173 to 228) 251 (95% CI, 220 to 282) 309 (95% CI, 274 to 343) and 366 (95% CI, 329 to 403 χ 2 for ranks P .0001). Similar incidence patterns were observed for both fatal and nonfatal stroke. Nonfatal stroke contributed most to this incidence pattern: 146 (95% CI, 122 to 169) 181 (95% CI, 155 to 207) 223 (95% CI, 194 to 252) and 280 (95% CI, 247 to 313 χ 2 for ranks P .0001). Conclusions— In this population-based study, both fatal and nonfatal stroke incidence increased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. The greater contributor to this incidence pattern was nonfatal stroke incidence. This may have implications for service provision to those least able to afford it. Area-based identification of those most disadvantaged may provide a simple and effective way of targeting regions for stroke prevention strategies.
Personalized knowledge to reduce the risk of stroke (PERKS-International): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-07-2023
DOI: 10.1177/17474930221113430
Abstract: Theoretically, most strokes could be prevented through the management of modifiable risk factors. The Stroke Riskometer™ mobile phone application (hereon “The App”) uses an in idual’s data to provide personalized information and advice to reduce their risk of stroke. To determine the effect of The App on a combined cardiovascular risk score (Life’s Simple 7 ® , LS7) of modifiable risk factors at 6 months post-randomization. PERKS-International is a Phase III, multicentre, prospective, pragmatic, open-label, single-blinded endpoint, two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria are as follows: age ⩾ 35 and ⩽75 years ⩾2 LS7 risk factors smartphone ownership no history of stroke/myocardial infarction/cognitive impairment/terminal illness. The intervention group (IG) will be provided with The App, and the usual care group (UCG) is provided with generic online information about risk factors, but not be informed about The App. Face-to-face assessments will be conducted at baseline and 6 months, and online at 3 and 12 months. The RCT includes a process and economic evaluation. The primary outcome is a difference in the mean change in LS7 (seven in idual items: blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, and diet) from baseline to 6 months post-randomization with intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes include: change in in idual LS7 items, quality of life stroke awareness, adverse events health service use and costs. Based on pilot data, 790 participants (395 IG, 395 UCG) will be required to provide 80% power (two-sided α = 0.05) to detect a mean difference in the LS7 of ⩾0.40 (SD 1.61) in IG compared to 0.01 (SD 1.44) in the UCG at 6 months post-randomization. Stroke is largely preventable. This study will provide evidence of the effectiveness of a mobile app to reduce stroke risk. ACTRN12621000211864.
Supporting multilingual development in early childhood education: A scoping review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Young Children’s Language in Context
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 27-03-2023
Misclassification of blood pressure of Vietnamese adults when only a single measurement is used
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JASH.2018.06.015
Abstract: A single clinic measurement of blood pressure (BP) may be common in low- and middle-income countries because of limited medical resources. This study aimed to examine the potential misclassification error when only one BP measurement is used. Participants (n = 14,706, 53.5% females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multistage stratified cluster s ling from eight provinces, each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Data were analyzed using complex survey methods. For systolic BP, 62.7% had a higher first reading whereas 30.0% had a lower first reading, and 27.3% had a reduction of at least 5 mmHg whereas 9.6% had an increase of at least 5 mmHg. Irrespective of direction of change, increased variability in BP was associated with greater age, urban living, greater body size and fatness, reduced physical activity levels, elevated glucose, and raised total cholesterol. These measurement variations would lead to substantial misclassification in diagnosis of hypertension based on a single reading because almost 20% of subjects would receive a different diagnosis based on the mean of two readings.
Socioeconomic position over the life course from childhood and smoking status in mid-adulthood: results from a 25-year follow-up study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2019
Educators’ use of commanding language to direct infants’ behaviour: relationship to educators’ qualifications and implications for language learning opportunities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-08-2017
Relationship Theory in the Nursery: Attachment and beyond
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.2304/CIEC.2009.10.2.144
Abstract: Contemporary approaches to early childhood education widely acknowledge that young children's relationships with others play a fundamental role in their learning and development. This article explores the construct of relationships within the context of early childhood infant programmes through an examination of the contribution and applicability of attachment theory to current understandings of the nature and consequences of young children's relationships in these settings. A review of the sociocultural context of relationships, the infants' role in relationship formation, and the nature of peer relationships leads to the proposal that practitioners, policy makers, and researchers need to adopt a wider, more dynamic approach to relationships that includes, but extends beyond, that afforded by attachment theory alone.
A longitudinal investigation of mothers’ mind‐related talk to their 12‐ to 24‐month‐old infants
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2007
Education for sustainable development in early childhood education: A global solution to local concerns?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1007/BF03168881
Expressing, interpreting and exchanging perspectives during infant-toddler social interactions
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2014
Alcohol Consumption in Vietnam, and the Use of ‘Standard Drinks’ to Measure Alcohol Intake
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-07-2015
Abstract: To provide nationally representative data on alcohol consumption in Vietnam and to assess whether reported numbers of 'standard drinks' consumed have evidence of validity (particularly in rural areas where home-made alcohol is consumed from cups of varying size). A nationally representative population-based survey of 14,706 participants (46.5% males, response proportion 64.1%) aged 25-64 years in Vietnam. Measurements were made in accordance with WHO STEPS protocols. Data were analysed using complex survey methods. Among men, 80% reported drinking alcohol during the last year, and 40% were hazardous/harmful drinkers. Approximately 60% of men and <5% of women had consumed alcohol during the last week, with one-in-four of the men reporting having consumed at least five standard drinks on at least one occasion. Numbers of standard drinks reported by men were associated with blood pressure/hypertension, particularly in rural areas (P < 0.001 for trend). Most of the calibration and discrimination possible from self-reported information on alcohol consumption was provided by binary responses to questions on whether or not alcohol had been consumed during the reference period. Alcohol use and harmful consumption were common among Vietnamese men but less pronounced than in Western nations. Self-reports of quantity of alcohol consumed in terms of standard drinks had predictive validity for blood pressure and hypertension even in rural areas. However, using detailed measures of consumption resulted in only minor improvements in prediction compared to simple measures.
Socioeconomic Disadvantage Is Associated with a Higher Incidence of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSTROKECEREBROVASDIS.2017.09.055
Abstract: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) incidence is not well studied. Varied definitions of "subarachnoid hemorrhage" have led to a lack of clarity regarding aSAH incidence. The impact of area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and geographical location on the incidence of aSAH also remains unclear. Using a population-based statewide study, we examined the incidence of aSAH in relation to socioeconomic disadvantage and geographical location. A retrospective cohort study of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages from 2010 to 2014 was undertaken. Researchers manually collected data from multiple overlapping sources including statewide administrative databases, in idual digital medical records, and death registers. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person years were calculated using the 2001 Australian population. Differences in incidence rate ratios were calculated by age, sex, area-level socioeconomic status, and geographical location using Poisson regression. The cohort of 237 cases (mean age, 61.0 years) with a female predominance of 166 (70.04%) included 159 confirmed aSAH, 52 community-based deaths, and 26 probable cases. The ASR for aSAH was 9.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.69-11.29). A significant association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and incidence was observed, with the rate of aSAH in disadvantaged geographical areas being 1.40 times higher than that in advantaged areas (95% CI, 1.11-1.82 P = .012). This study uses a comprehensive search of multiple data sources to define a new baseline of aSAH within an Australian population. This study presents a higher incidence rate of aSAH with socioeconomic variations. As a key risk factor that may explain this paradox, addressing socioeconomic inequalities is important for effective prevention and management interventions.
Time to treatment following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, rural place of residence and inter-hospital transfers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Sex differences in presentation, severity, and management of stroke in a population-based study
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 24-02-2010
Infant educators' beliefs about infant language development in long day care settings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2019
The importance of waist circumference and body mass index in cross-sectional relationships with risk of cardiovascular disease in Vietnam
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-05-2018
Regional differences in the care and outcomes of acute stroke patients in Australia: an observational study using evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR)
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-040418
Abstract: To compare the processes and outcomes of care in patients who had a stroke treated in urban versus rural hospitals in Australia. Observational study using data from a multicentre national registry. Data from 50 acute care hospitals in Australia (25 urban, 25 rural) which participated in the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry during the period 2010–2015. Patients were ided into two groups (urban, rural) according to the Australian Standard Geographical Classification Remoteness Area classification. Data pertaining to 28 115 patients who had a stroke were analysed, of whom 8159 (29%) were admitted to hospitals located within rural areas. Regional differences in processes of care (admission to a stroke unit, thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke, discharge on antihypertensive medication and provision of a care plan), and survival analyses up to 180 days and health-related quality of life at 90–180 days. Compared with those admitted to urban hospitals, patients in rural hospitals less often received thrombolysis (urban 12.7% vs rural 7.5%, p .001) or received treatment in stroke units (urban 82.2% vs rural 76.5%, p .001), and fewer were discharged with a care plan (urban 61.3% vs rural 44.7%, p .001). No significant differences were found in terms of survival or overall self-reported quality of life. Rural access to recommended components of acute stroke care was comparatively poorer however, this did not appear to impact health outcomes at approximately 6 months.
Influences on Parents’ Child Care Choices: A Comparative Analysis of Preschool and Long Day Care Users
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2018
Factors associated with muscular fitness phenotypes in Australian children: A cross-sectional study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-10-2020
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1679575
Abstract: To help inform strategies aimed at increasing muscular fitness levels, we examined factors associated with childhood muscular fitness (strength and power) that preceded the recently observed secular decline. Data were available from a nationally representative s le of Australian children aged 7-15 years in 1985 (n = 8469). Muscular fitness measures included strength (right and left grip, shoulder extension and flexion, and leg strength) and power (standing long jump distance). Anthropometric (adiposity, fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, speed capability, physical activity (in idual and parental), dietary quality and intake (fruit, vegetable, protein) and sociodemographic (area-level socioeconomic status (SES), school type) data were available. Statistical analyses included sex-stratified linear regression. Of all examined factors, measures of adiposity, fat-free mass, CRF, flexibility and speed capability were associated with muscular fitness at levels that met Cohen's threshold for important effects (r-squared = 0.02 to 0.28). These findings highlight the multifactorial relationship between muscular fitness and its determinants. Collectively, these factors were powerful in explaining muscular strength (females: r-squared = 0.32 males: r-squared = 0.41) and muscular power (females: r-squared = 0.36 males: r-squared = 0.42). These findings highlight modifiable and environmental factors that could be targeted to increase childhood muscular fitness.
Early spatial language development and education: a scoping review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S43545-021-00260-0
Abstract: Early spatial language plays an important role in facilitating cognition and thoughts thus deserves empirical studies. This scoping review aims to synthesis the empirical evidence to identify the key topics, major findings, and research gaps regarding early spatial language development and education. The search has identified 19 studies published in the international peer-reviewed journals during 2000–2021, converging into three common topics: the developmental patterns of early spatial language, its role in child development, and parental influences. First, the synthesis of evidence revealed a significant age effect but an inconclusive gender effect in early spatial language. Second, the modeling or regression results jointly indicated that early spatial language could facilitate or predict spatial skills and/or spatial cognition. Third, the existing evidence supported that parental language input and parental involvement could enhance early spatial language. However, this study also found the major research gaps: no Chinese studies, very few naturalistic studies, the understudied ‘motion events’, and no studies on ‘frames of reference’. Implications for future studies and practical improvements are also discussed.
Quality of educator-infant conversational interactions among infants experiencing varying quantity of linguistic input
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-09-2020
Barriers and facilitators to more timely treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage across two tertiary referral centres in Australia: A thematic analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.AUEC.2022.01.003
Abstract: Delays in treatment of aSAH appear to be common but the causes are not well understood. We explored facilitators and barriers to timely treatment of aSAH. We used a multiple case study with cases of aSAH surviving> 1 day identified prospectively. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the patient, their next-of-kin and health professionals involved in the case. Within-case analysis identified barriers and facilitators in 4 phases (pre-hospital, presentation, transfer, in-hospital) followed by thematic analysis across cases using a case-study matrix. Twenty-seven cases with 90 interviewees yielded five themes related to facilitators or barriers of timely treatment. "Early recognition" led to urgent response. "Accessibility to health care" depended on patient's location, transport, and environmental conditions. Good "Coordination" between and within health services was a key facilitator. "Complexity" of patient's condition affected time to treatment in multiple time periods. "Availability of resources" was identified most frequently during the diagnostic and treatment phases as both barrier and facilitator. The identified themes may be modifiable at the patient/health professional level and health system level and may improve timely treatment of aSAH through targeted interventions, subsequently contributing to improve morbidity and mortality of patients with aSAH.
(Re)conceptualising relationships in infant-toddler pedagogy
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2017
The association between quitting smoking and weight gain: a systemic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2015
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12304
Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify weight gain after smoking cessation and the difference in weight gain between quitters and continuing smokers. Five electronic databases were searched before January 2015. Population-based prospective cohort studies were included if they recorded the weight change of adult smokers from baseline (before smoking cessation) to follow-up (at least 3 months after cessation). Thirty-five cohort studies were identified, including 63,403 quitters and 388,432 continuing smokers. The mean weight gain was 4.10 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.69, 5.51) and body mass index (BMI) gain was 1.14 kg m(-2) (95% CI: 0.50, 1.79) among quitters. Compared with continuing smoking, quitting smoking was significantly associated with absolute weight (adjusted mean difference [MD]: 2.61 kg 95% CI: 1.61, 3.60) and BMI gain (adjusted MD: 0.63 kg m(-2) 95% CI: 0.46, 0.80). Subgroup analyses using geographic region found that the difference in weight gain was considerably greater in studies from North America than from Asia. Follow-up length was identified as a source of heterogeneity, such that studies with longer follow-up showed greater difference in weight gain. Effective strategies are needed to encourage smokers to quit irrespective of potential weight gain and to help quitters avoid excess weight gain.
Sex Differences in Care and Long-Term Mortality After Stroke: Australian Stroke Clinical Registry
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 05-2019
More than ‘more’
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-11-2022
Case-Fatality and Functional Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) in INternational STRoke oUtComes sTudy (INSTRUCT)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSTROKECEREBROVASDIS.2021.106201
Abstract: There are few large population-based studies of outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) than other stroke types. We pooled data from 13 population-based stroke incidence studies (10 studies from the INternational STRroke oUtComes sTudy (INSTRUCT) and 3 new studies N=657). Primary outcomes were case-fatality and functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 3-5 [poor] vs. 0-2 [good]). Harmonized patient-level factors included age, sex, health behaviours (e.g. current smoking at baseline), comorbidities (e.g.history of hypertension), baseline stroke severity (e.g. NIHSS >7) and year of stroke. We estimated predictors of case-fatality and functional outcome using Poisson regression and generalized estimating equations using log-binomial models respectively at multiple timepoints. Case-fatality rate was 33% at 1 month, 43% at 1 year, and 47% at 5 years. Poor functional outcome was present in 27% of survivors at 1 month and 15% at 1 year. In multivariable analysis, predictors of death at 1-month were age (per decade increase MRR 1.14 [1.07-1.22]) and SAH severity (MRR 1.87 [1.50-2.33]) at 1 year were age (MRR 1.53 [1.34-1.56]), current smoking (MRR 1.82 [1.20-2.72]) and SAH severity (MRR 3.00 [2.06-4.33]) and at 5 years were age (MRR 1.63 [1.45-1.84]), current smoking (MRR 2.29 [1.54-3.46]) and severity of SAH (MRR 2.10 [1.44-3.05]). Predictors of poor functional outcome at 1 month were age (per decade increase RR 1.32 [1.11-1.56]) and SAH severity (RR 1.85 [1.06-3.23]), and SAH severity (RR 7.09 [3.17-15.85]) at 1 year. Although age is a non-modifiable risk factor for poor outcomes after SAH, however, severity of SAH and smoking are potential targets to improve the outcomes.
Sex differences in risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNS.2019.116446
Abstract: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) disproportionally affects women. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore sex differences in aSAH risk factors. Case-control/cohort studies were searched to November 2017 with sex-specific risk factors for aSAH. Meta-analysis was performed when a risk factor was reported in ≥2 studies. Of 31 studies, 22 were eligible for meta-analysis. Female sex was associated with greater odds of aSAH (HR We recommend sex-specific re-analysis of existing studies of aSAH risk factors. Known aSAH risk factors (hypertension, smoking and alcohol consumption) should be targeted to prevent aSAH in men and women. Registration PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018091521).
Sex differences in total cholesterol of Vietnamese adults
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-08-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0256589
Abstract: The mid-life emergence of higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) for women than for men has been observed in different Western and Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of this in Vietnam and, if so, whether it can be explained by ageing, by body size and fatness, or by socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural factors. Participants (n = 14706, 50.9% females) aged 25–64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster s ling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Linear regression was used to assess the independent contributions of potential explanatory factors to mean levels of TC. Data were analysed using complex survey methods. Men and women had similar mean levels of body mass index (BMI), and men had modestly higher mean levels of waist circumference (WC), in each 5-year age category. The mean TC of women increased more or less continuously across the age range but with a step-up at age 50 years to reach higher concentrations on average than those of their male counterparts. The estimated step-up was not eliminated by adjustment for anthropometric indices including BMI or WC, or by adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors. The estimated step-up was least for women with the greatest weight. There is a marked step-up in TC at age 50 years for Vietnamese women that cannot be explained by their age, or by their body fatness or its distribution, or by their socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors, and which results in greater mean levels of TC for middle-aged women than for their male counterparts in Vietnam.
Educators’ understandings of, and support for, infant peer relationships in early childhood settings
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2014
Abstract: This research adopted a qualitative methodology to investigate the reported beliefs and pedagogical practices relating to infant peer relationships held by three early childhood infant educators. Thematic analysis was used to derive commonalties and differences that reflected these educators’ views and practices about children’s early peer relationships. Results indicate in-depth understandings about children’s capacities that did not, however, appear to be translated into their reported practice. This research has implications for planning and programming experiences designed for social interactions, along with the significant role of the early childhood educator in recognising and fostering young children’s early peer relationships.
Reasoning as a Pedagogical Strategy in Infant-Addressed Talk in Early Childhood Education Centres: Relationships with Educators’ Qualifications and Communicative Function
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-05-2019
“Factors influencing sedentary time and physical activity early after stroke: a qualitative study”
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-01-2020
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1867656
Abstract: We aimed to understand from the perspective of stroke survivors and their carers (1) factors contributing to sedentary time and physical activity during inpatient rehabilitation and the transition home, and (2) actual and perceived opportunities to reduce sedentary time and increase physical activity. Qualitative study with 7 stroke survivor/carer dyads and 8 stroke survivors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 2-4 weeks after hospital discharge, audio recorded and transcribed prior to thematic analysis. Stroke survivors were mean age 69 [SD15] years (53% male). Carers were mean age 62 [SD15] years (86% were female). Five themes were identified: (1) Education and guidance about physical activity and sedentary behaviour after stroke is important to build understanding of recovery and secondary prevention, (2) Stroke survivors need clear communication about safety and risk, (3) Return to life participation supports motivation for and engagement in physical activity, 4) Social and professional influences and 5) Opportunities to be physically active. Stroke survivors and their carers need a clearer understanding of the role of physical activity and risks of sedentary time during stroke recovery. Physical activity enablers included consistent communication, building confidence and skills to self-manage activity before discharge.Implications for RehabilitationInpatient rehabilitation and early after discharge may be an important time-point to support stroke survivors to establish long term physical activity behaviours before contact with healthcare professionals reduces.To reduce sedentary behaviour, people need to understand the health benefits of breaking up sedentary time and people who need physical support to stand up will need greater support from health professionals.Being able to imagine a future post-stroke self is important motivation to get up and move. Rehabilitation should help develop a person's vision of their post-stroke self.Managing potential risks in hospital without overly restricting physical activity is important and requires consistent communication from the multi-disciplinary team.Building a person's confidence and skills to self-manage physical activity in the community prior to discharge home may be another key enabler for activity.
Taiwanese Mothers' Motivations for Teaching English to Their Young Children at Home
Publisher: Korean Association of Child Studies
Date: 30-08-2012
A dynamic systems approach to joint attention in an infant-toddler early childhood centre
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
trips4health: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial incentivising adult public transport use for physical activity gain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-023-01500-7
Abstract: Public transport users tend to accumulate more physical activity than non-users however, whether physical activity is increased by financially incentivising public transport use is unknown. The trips4health study aimed to determine the impact of an incentive-based public transport intervention on physical activity. A single-blinded randomised control trial of a 16-week incentive-based intervention involved Australian adults who were infrequent bus users (≥ 18 years used bus ≤ 2 times/week) split equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group were sent weekly motivational text messages and awarded smartcard bus credit when targets were met. The intervention group and control group received physical activity guidelines. Accelerometer-measured steps/day (primary outcome), self-reported transport-related physical activity (walking and cycling for transport) and total physical activity (min/week and MET-min/week) outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Due to the COVID pandemic, the trial was abandoned prior to target s le size achievement and completion of all assessments ( N = 110). Steps/day declined in both groups, but by less in the intervention group [-557.9 steps (-7.9%) vs.-1018.3 steps/week (-13.8%)]. In the intervention group, transport-related physical activity increased [80.0 min/week (133.3%) 264.0 MET-min/week (133.3%)] while total physical activity levels saw little change [35.0 min/week (5.5%) 25.5 MET-min/week (1.0%)]. Control group transport-related physical activity decreased [-20.0 min/week (-27.6%) -41.3 MET-min/week (-17.3%)], but total physical activity increased [260.0 min/week (54.5%) 734.3 MET-min/week (37.4%)]. This study found evidence that financial incentive-based intervention to increase public transport use is effective in increasing transport-related physical activity These results warrant future examination of physical activity incentives programs in a fully powered study with longer-term follow-up. This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry August 14th, 2019: ACTRN12619001136190 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377914& isReview=true
The Interdependence of Blood Pressure and Glucose in Vietnam
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-01-2021
Family language policy and bilingual parenting in monolingual Beijing: latent profiles and associated predictors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-04-2022
Focused Update of Sex Differences in Patient Reported Outcome Measures After Stroke
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2018
Effects of multilingualism on Australian infants’ language environments in early childhood education centers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Association Between Risk Factors in Childhood and Sex Differences in Prevalence of Carotid Artery Plaques and Intima‐Media Thickness in Mid‐Adulthood in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 21-03-2023
Abstract: The origins of sex differences in cardiovascular diseases are not well understood. We examined the contribution of childhood risk factors to sex differences in adult carotid artery plaques and intima‐media thickness (carotid IMT). Children in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey were followed up when they were aged 36 to 49 years (2014–19, n=1085–1281). Log binomial and linear regression examined sex differences in adult carotid plaques (n=1089) or carotid IMT (n=1283). Childhood sociodemographic, psychosocial, and biomedical risk factors that might contribute to sex differences in carotid IMT laques were examined using purposeful model building with additional adjustment for equivalent adult risk factors in sensitivity analyses. Women less often had carotid plaques (10%) than men (17%). The sex difference in the prevalence of plaques (relative risk [RR] unadjusted 0.59 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.80]) was reduced by adjustment for childhood school achievement and systolic blood pressure (RR adjusted 0.65 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.90]). Additional adjustment for adult education and systolic blood pressure further reduced sex difference (RR adjusted 0.72 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.06]). Women (mean±SD 0.61±0.07) had thinner carotid IMT than men (mean±SD 0.66±0.09). The sex difference in carotid IMT (β unadjusted −0.051 [95% CI, −0.061 to −0.042]) reduced with adjustment for childhood waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (β adjusted −0.047 [95% CI, −0.057 to −0.037]) and further reduced with adjustment for adult waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (β adjusted −0.034 [95% CI, −0.048 to −0.019]). Some childhood factors contributed to adult sex differences in plaques and carotid IMT. Prevention strategies across the life course are important to reduce adult sex differences in cardiovascular diseases.
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