ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3634-4318
Current Organisation
The University of Canberra
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Detection And Prevention Of Crime; Security Services | Criminology | Justice Systems And Administration | Policy And Administration Not Elsewhere Classified | Analytical Chemistry | Analytical Spectrometry | Genetics Not Elsewhere Classified | Biological (Physical) Anthropology | Archaeological Science | Criminology | Police Administration, Procedures And Practice | Evidence And Procedure | Forensic Chemistry | Biological Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Other Chemical Sciences | Architecture | Interior And Environmental Design | Defence Studies |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Justice and the law not elsewhere classified | Law enforcement | Combined operations | National Security | Law Enforcement | Environmental policy, legislation and standards not elsewhere classified | Scientific instrumentation | Information services not elsewhere classified | Diagnostics | Health Protection and/or Disaster Response
Related Links
Publications
Sedation and Local Anesthesia as an Alternative to General Anesthesia in 3 Birds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Effect of Garment Cleaning on the Recovery and Redistribution of Transferred Fibers
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1520/JFS11860J
The persistence of animal hairs in the forensic context
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2009
The Effect of Ionizing Gamma Radiation on Natural and Synthetic Fibers and Its Implications for the Forensic Examination of Fiber Evidence*
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1556-4029.2010.01654.X
Abstract: Circumstances of criminal activities involving radioactive materials may mean fiber evidence recovered from a crime scene could have been exposed to materials emitting ionizing radiation. The consequences of radiation exposed fibers on the result of the forensic analysis and interpretation is explored. The effect of exposure to 1-1000 kGy radiation doses in natural and synthetic fibers was noticeable using comparative forensic examination methods, such as optical microscopy, microspectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed no signs of radiation-induced chemical changes in any of the fiber structures. The outcome of the comparative methods highlights the risk of "false negatives" associated in comparing colors of recovered fibers that may have been exposed to unknown radiation doses. Consideration of such results supports the requirement to know the context, including the environmental conditions, as much as possible before undertaking a forensic fiber examination.
Assessment of Occupational Stress
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
A quantitative assessment of a reliable screening technique for the STR analysis of telogen hair roots
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSIGEN.2012.10.001
Abstract: Human telogen hairs are commonly recovered as trace evidence but currently have limited use for forensic DNA analysis. Recent studies have revealed that telogen roots may be shed with adhering material that may contain cells, thus providing a potential source of nuclear DNA. A simple histological stain can be used to screen telogen roots for the presence of nuclei, thus increasing the chance of selecting roots that may yield nuclear DNA. Using this method to visualise nuclei, we surveyed 998 hairs from 136 in iduals, quantified the number of nuclei, extracted DNA and evaluated corresponding DNA yield and STR profiling success. Of the hairs screened, 35% of telogen roots contained nuclei and in total 6% of all roots screened had more than 100 nuclei. The number of nuclei associated with telogen roots was independent of the presence or absence of visibly adhering material, highlighting the importance of using histological staining rather than simple microscopic examination. DNA yield and STR profiling were significantly and positively correlated with nuclei number. The methods presented here can be incorporated into routine trace and DNA analysis providing an efficient and cost effective method to screen telogen hairs, and predict STR profiling success prior to destructive DNA analysis. The results of this study indicate telogen hairs may provide a reliable source of nuclear DNA for use in routine casework.
Reinstating Soil Examination as a Trace Evidence Sub-discipline
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Soil examination for a forensic trace evidence laboratory - Part 2: Elemental analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2014.10.018
Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) are compared in terms of their discrimination power when applied to Australian soil specimens. SEM/EDX and XRF are frequently used in forensic laboratories for the elemental analysis of paint and glass, and for miscellaneous examinations. LIBS is an emerging technique for forensic applications, with a number of researchers promoting its use for the elemental profiling of glass fragments. In this study, 29 soil specimens were analysed, with 12 specimens coming from the Canberra area and the remaining 17 specimens from other sites around Australia. As very good discrimination results were obtained for each of the analytical methods, any of these elemental analysis techniques, available in a trace evidence laboratory, could be used as part of a wider examination protocol to differentiate soil specimens.
Determination of morphine and related alkaloids in crude morphine, poppy straw and opium preparations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00670-2
Abstract: A rapid method for the determination of morphine and related alkaloids in crude morphine, poppy straw and opium preparations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) has been developed. Morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, papaverine, narcotine, narceine, cryptopine and salutaridine were separated in less than 10 min using a 70 cm x 50 microm I.D. uncoated fused-silica capillary column with a buffer consisting of 10% dimethylformamide, 90% 0.05 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, 0.01 M sodium tetraborate, pH 8.6. An applied voltage of -25 kV and a temperature of 28 degrees C gave the best separation of the alkaloids. Pholcodine was used as the internal standard. The compounds were detected by UV at 254 nm. The levels of morphine and related alkaloids determined by MEKC were in good agreement with those determined by high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC). The coefficients of variation for area calculation (%C.V.) for multiple s le and standard injections by MEKC were slightly greater than for HPLC but were still acceptable (morphine content of poppy straw: %C.V. MEKC 1.7%, %C.V. HPLC 0.3%).
Professionalism in Crime Scene Examination: The seven Key attributes of top crime scene examiners
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2012
Observations on Redistribution of Textile Fibres
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Current issues in species identification for forensic science and the validity of using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-06-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S12024-010-9172-Y
Abstract: Species identification techniques commonly utilized in Australian Forensic Science laboratories are gel immunodifussion antigen antibody reactions and hair comparison analysis. Both of these techniques have significant limitations and should be considered indicative opinion based tests. The Barcode of Life Initiative aims to sequence a section of DNA (~648 base pairs) for the Cytochrome Oxidase I mitochondrial gene (COI) in all living species on Earth, with the data generated being uploaded to the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) which can then be used for species identification. The COI gene therefore offers forensics scientists an opportunity to use the marker to analyze unknown s les and compare sequences generated in BOLD. Once sequences from enough species are on the database, it is anticipated that routine identification of an unknown species may be possible. However, most forensic laboratories are not yet suited to this type of analysis and do not have the expertise to fully interpret the implications of matches and non matches involving a poorly s led taxa (for ex le where there are cryptic species) and in providing the required opinion evidence. Currently, the use of BOLD is limited by the number of relevant species held in the database and the quality assurance and regulation of sequences that are there. In this paper, the COI methodology and BOLD are tested on a selection of introduced and Australian mammals in a forensic environment as the first step necessary in the implementation of this approach in the Australian context. Our data indicates that the COI methodology performs well on distinct species but needs further exploration when identifying more closely related species. It is evident from our study that changes will be required to implement DNA based wildlife forensics using the BOLD approach for forensic applications and recommendations are made for the future adoption of this technology into forensic laboratories.
Quieta movere magna merces videbatur: Integrity Issues Impacting on the Provision of Forensic Services
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1999
The Transfer of Textile Fibres During Simulated Contacts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1982
A systems approach to forensic science applied in the military domain
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-04-2019
Managing the forensic examination of human hairs in contemporary forensic practice
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-02-2017
Book Review Quality management in forensic science, Sean Doyle, London, Academic Press, 2019, 387 pp., ISBN 978-0-12-805416-1
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-04-2020
On the 50th anniversary of the Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-10-2017
Forensic Science – A true profession?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
Massively parallel sequencing and the emergence of forensic genomics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCIJUS.2017.10.001
Abstract: Use of DNA in forensic science will be significantly influenced by new technology in coming years. Massively parallel sequencing and forensic genomics will hasten the broadening of forensic DNA analysis beyond short tandem repeats for identity towards a wider array of genetic markers, in applications as erse as predictive phenotyping, ancestry assignment, and full mitochondrial genome analysis. With these new applications come a range of legal and policy implications, as forensic science touches on areas as erse as 'big data', privacy and protected health information. Although these applications have the potential to make a more immediate and decisive forensic intelligence contribution to criminal investigations, they raise policy issues that will require detailed consideration if this potential is to be realised. The purpose of this paper is to identify the scope of the issues that will confront forensic and user communities.
The significance of fibre transfer and persistence – A case study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2010
Forensic Science Professions
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2014
Research Front Essay: Forensic Chemistry
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/CH09672
Abstract: The author discusses the benefits for forensic science from greater engagement with basic and other applied areas of chemistry and gives ex les of how his organization, the Australian Federal Police, have partnered with academia and others to promote the use of chemistry in areas of trace evidence, illicit drugs, fingerprint detection, and explosives.
A Round Table Discussion on Forensic Science in Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-03-2011
Australian biometric system to meet national security objectives – part I technical capabilities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-06-2021
Riesz transform characterization of Hardy spaces associated with Schrödinger operators with compactly supported potentials
Publisher: International Press of Boston
Date: 10-2010
Colin Campbell Ross–Australia’s first major forensic hair case. Have we learned the lessons from the past?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-08-2019
An Appraisal of the Use of Microscopic Data in the Examination of Human Head Hair
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1982
The Analysis of Illicit Heroin Seizures by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1994
Management of Hair Examination
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Digital imaging and image analysis applied to numerical applications in forensic hair examination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCIJUS.2010.06.008
Abstract: A method that provides objective data to complement the hair analysts' microscopic observations, which is non-destructive, would be of obvious benefit in the forensic examination of hairs. This paper reports on the use of objective colour measurement and image analysis techniques of auto-montaged images. Brown Caucasian telogen scalp hairs were chosen as a stern test of the utility of these approaches. The results show the value of using auto-montaged images and the potential for the use of objective numerical measures of colour and pigmentation to complement microscopic observations.
A Global Analysis of Protected Area Management Effectiveness
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00267-010-9564-5
Abstract: We compiled details of over 8000 assessments of protected area management effectiveness across the world and developed a method for analyzing results across erse assessment methodologies and indicators. Data was compiled and analyzed for over 4000 of these sites. Management of these protected areas varied from weak to effective, with about 40% showing major deficiencies. About 14% of the surveyed areas showed significant deficiencies across many management effectiveness indicators and hence lacked basic requirements to operate effectively. Strongest management factors recorded on average related to establishment of protected areas (legal establishment, design, legislation and boundary marking) and to effectiveness of governance while the weakest aspects of management included community benefit programs, resourcing (funding reliability and adequacy, staff numbers and facility and equipment maintenance) and management effectiveness evaluation. Estimations of management outcomes, including both environmental values conservation and impact on communities, were positive. We conclude that in spite of inadequate funding and management process, there are indications that protected areas are contributing to bio ersity conservation and community well-being.
A Practical Guide to the Forensic Examination of Hair
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 30-08-2022
Interpretation of Fiber Evidence
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
The Identification of Bird Feathers. Scheme for Feather Examination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1984
Assessment and forensic application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the discrimination of Australian window glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2014.04.040
Abstract: A commercially available laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument was evaluated for the determination of elemental composition of twenty Australian window glass s les, consisting of 14 laminated s les and 6 non-laminated s les (or not otherwise specified) collected from broken windows at crime scenes. In this study, the LIBS figures of merit were assessed in terms of accuracy, limits of detection and precision using three standard reference materials (NIST 610, 612, and 1831). The discrimination potential of LIBS was compared to that obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy (μXRF) and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) for the analysis of architectural window glass s les collected from crime scenes in the Canberra region, Australia. Pairwise comparisons were performed using a three-sigma rule, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test at 95% confidence limit in order to investigate the discrimination power for window glass analysis. The results show that the elemental analysis of glass by LIBS provides a discrimination power greater than 97% (>98% when combined with refractive index data), which was comparable to the discrimination powers obtained by LA-ICP-MS and μXRF. These results indicate that LIBS is a feasible alternative to the more expensive LA-ICP-MS and μXRF options for the routine forensic analysis of window glass s les.
Review of Indications for Endotracheal Intubation in Burn Patients with Suspected Inhalational Injury
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/EBJ4020014
Abstract: Inhalation injury is a major contributor to mortality following burn injury. Despite recognised clinical criteria to guide the intubation of burn patients, concerns remain regarding overutilisation of intubation. Complications can arise as a result of intubation, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study reviews the indications for intubation against the internationally accepted criteria (American Burns Association (ABA) and Denver criteria) for burn patients treated at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) burns unit between 2017 and 2020. Burn patients who were intubated on arrival to the RAH or in a pre-hospital setting were identified using the BRANZ database. Indications for intubation were compared to the ABA and Denver criteria. A total of 61 patients were identified with a mean total body surface area of 17.8%. A total of 95% of patients met one of the ABA and Denver criteria. The most common ABA and Denver criteria for intubation was deep facial burns or singed facial hair, respectively. Most adult patients with burns admitted to the RAH are intubated per published criteria. Early nasoendoscopy/bronchoscopy may be useful in determining patients who can be safely extubated within 48 h.
Policy and regulatory implications of the new frontier of forensic genomics
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2019
Professionalization and Crime Scene Examination
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2014
Organelle DNA haplotypes reflect crop-use characteristics and geographic origins of Cannabis sativa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2006.10.025
Abstract: Comparative sequencing of cannabis in iduals across 12 chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA loci revealed 7 polymorphic sites, including 5 length variable regions and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Simple PCR assays were developed to assay these polymorphisms, and organelle DNA haplotypes were obtained for 188 cannabis in iduals from 76 separate populations, including drug-type, fibre-type and wild populations. The haplotype data were analysed using parsimony, UPGMA and neighbour joining methods. Three haplotype groups were recovered by each analysis method, and these groups are suggestive of the crop-use characteristics and geographical origin of the populations, although not strictly diagnostic. We discuss the relationship between our haplotype data and taxonomic opinions of cannabis, and the implications of organelle DNA haplotyping to forensic investigations of cannabis.
Why do we need a systems thinking approach to military forensic science in the contemporary world?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-09-2020
Forensic Examination of Fibres, Third Edition
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 12-2017
A career to be remembered – Alastair Ross
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-06-2015
Reduced reaction volumes and increased Taq DNA polymerase concentration improve STR profiling outcomes from a real-world low template DNA source: telogen hairs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12024-015-9679-3
Abstract: The primary method for analysis of low template DNA (LTDNA) is known as the low copy number (LCN) method involving an increased number of PCR cycles (typically 34). In common with other LTDNA methods, LCN profiles are characterized by allelic imbalance, drop in, and drop out that require complicated interpretation rules. They often require replicate PCR reactions to generate a "consensus" profile in a specialized facility. An ideal method for analysis of LTDNA should enhance profiling outcomes without elevated error rates and be performed using standard facilities, with minimum additional cost. In this study, we present a comparison of four method variations for the lification of STRs from LTDNA with a widely used, commercially available kit (AmpFℓSTR(®) Profiler Plus(®)): the standard method, the standard method with a post-PCR clean up, the LCN method, and a reduced reaction volume with increased Taq DNA polymerase concentration. Using telogen hairs-a common source of LTDNA-and matched reference DNA, the LCN method produced the highest number of concordant and non-concordant (i.e., dropped-in) alleles. In comparison, the reduced reaction volume with increased Taq polymerase yielded more full and concordant DNA profiles (all alleles combined) and less off-ladder alleles from a broad range of input DNA. In addition, this method resulted in less non-concordant alleles than LCN and no more than for standard PCR, which suggests that it may be preferred over increased PCR cycles for LTDNA analysis, either with or without consensus profiling and statistical modelling. Overall, this study highlights the importance and benefit of optimizing PCR conditions and developing improved laboratory methods to lify and analyze LTDNA.
Quartz grain surface textures of soils and sediments from Canberra, Australia: A forensic reconstruction tool
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2010
Australian forensic textile damage examinations – Finding a way forward since PCAST
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCIJUS.2018.10.004
Abstract: Textile damage examinations are requested in a range of crime types such as assault, sexual assault and homicide. They typically involve the examination of clothing for damage such as cut, tear or thermal damage, often then followed by experimental scenario testing to help ascertain the cause of the damage. Understanding the underpinning science is central to the accurate interpretation of the complex mechanism of damage formation. In a stabbing incident for ex le, an understanding of the dynamic relationship between the knife blade, fabric and skin (or skin simulant) is critical. Recent reports, including the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) report, have scrutinised forensic feature-based comparison techniques. Whilst textile damage was not a focus area, it can be considered a feature-based evidence class, and one which is currently largely reliant upon a practitioner's opinion, experience and professional judgement. This paper will review the current state of textile damage examinations in Australia and survey research being conducted to address the issues raised in the context of the PCAST report. The central contribution of observational data to the evidence class of textile damage will also be explored, as well as some practical measures to counter the effects of cognitive bias.
Physical evidence in drug intelligence, Part 2: Discrimination of packaging tapes by colour
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2008
RAPD analysis distinguishes Cannabis sativa samples from different sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Fit for purpose quality management system for military forensic exploitation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2018.01.004
Abstract: In a previous publication we described a systems approach to forensic science applied in the military domain. The forensic science 'system of systems' describes forensic science as a sub-system in the larger criminal justice, law enforcement, intelligence, and military systems, with quality management being an important supporting system. Quality management systems help to ensure that organisations achieve their objective and continually improve their capability. Components of forensic science quality management systems can include standardisation of processes, accreditation of facilities to national/international standards, and certification of personnel. A fit for purpose quality management system should be balanced to allow organisations to meet objectives, provide continuous improvement mitigate risk and impart a positive quality culture. Considerable attention over the last decades has been given to the need for forensic science quality management systems to meet criminal justice and law enforcement objectives. More recently, the need for the forensic quality management systems to meet forensic intelligence objectives has been considered. This paper, for the first time, discusses the need for a fit for purpose quality management system for military forensic exploitation.
δ13C, δ15N and δ2H isotope ratio mass spectrometry of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine: Application to methylamphetamine profiling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4109
Abstract: Conventional chemical profiling of methyl hetamine has been used for many years to determine the synthetic route employed and where possible to identify the precursor chemicals used. In this study stable isotope ratio analysis was investigated as a means of determining the origin of the methyl hetamine precursors, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine may be prepared industrially by several routes. Results are presented for the stable isotope ratios of carbon (delta(13)C), nitrogen (delta(15)N) and hydrogen (delta(2)H) measured in methyl hetamine s les synthesized from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine of known provenance. It is clear from the results that measurement of the delta(13)C, delta(15)N and delta(2)H stable isotope ratios by elemental analyzer/thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/TC-IRMS) in high-purity methyl hetamine s les will allow determination of the synthetic source of the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine precursor as being either of a natural, semi-synthetic, or fully synthetic origin.
Textile damage science—Is it a reliable science?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/WFS2.1468
Abstract: Forensic science has long been used in criminal investigations and the justice system. The standards applied to contemporary forensic practice have changed dramatically in the past decade. Presented here is a modern‐day review of textile damage science in the context of these changing standards, and how they have challenged the presentation of scientific evidence. The prevalence of textile damage examinations is fluctuating in the current forensic environment. Some laboratories are conducting more examinations than ever, and other laboratories are no longer able to conduct examinations due to limitations in resourcing or case numbers. This dynamic landscape will no doubt continue as the occurrence of crime fluctuates throughout and beyond the pandemic affecting the world. This article is categorized under: Crime Scene Investigation Crime Scene Reconstruction Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence Trace Evidence Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight Expert Evidence and Narrative
The transfer and persistence of automotive carpet fibres on shoe soles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1999
Forensic Examination of Hair
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 10-06-1999
Together informing justice: 23rd International ANZFSS Symposium on the Forensic Sciences
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-07-2017
A novel application of deep learning to forensic hair analysis methodology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-12-2022
Implementation of a Rule of Law Forensic Assistance Program for the Palestinian Civil Police - Achieving the Possible
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2002
A Quality System Review: Australian Federal Police Forensic and Data Centres
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-03-2010
Forensic application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the discrimination of questioned documents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2015.07.003
Abstract: Document examination is an important forensic discipline and the legal system regularly needs the knowledge and skills of the scientific expert when questioned documents are involved in criminal or civil matters. Amongst the many aspects of the scientific examination of documents, elemental analysis can provide useful results. In this study, the evaluation of the analytical performance of a commercially available laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument was conducted on office papers, writing inks, inkjet inks and laser printer toners. The paper s le set analysed consisted of 33 Australian paper specimens originating from the same production plant but representing different brands and/or batches. In addition, a total of 131 ink or toner s les were examined that included black and blue ballpoint inks, black inkjet inks, and black laser printer toners originating from several manufacturing sources, models and/or batches. Results from the LIBS method were compared against those obtained using more established elemental profiling method such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). LIBS demonstrated detectable and significant differences between different batches of the same brand as well as between different brands of paper, ink and toner s les. The LIBS method provided comparable discrimination powers for the selected s le sets when compared to those obtained using LA-ICP-MS (discrimination from 99.8 and 100% of the s le pairs, depending on the s le subset under examination). LIBS is a suitable technique for the determination of elemental composition as part of a protocol for the examination of questioned documents.
An international consideration of a standards-based approach to forensic genetic genealogy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
A Contribution to the Discussion of Probabilities and Human Hair Comparisons
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 05-1987
DOI: 10.1520/JFS12373J
Analysis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-Methylamphetamine (MDMA) in “Ecstasy” Tablets by13C Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 07-1999
DOI: 10.1520/JFS14550J
Trace evidence: Here today, gone tomorrow?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCIJUS.2009.11.005
Abstract: The recent report of the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academies "Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: a Path Forward" found evidence that the level of scientific development and evaluation varies substantially among the forensic science disciplines. In this paper the status of trace evidence will be reviewed from an international perspective with particular reference to case studies. The paper will argue that the trace evidence discipline needs to learn from past experience and that serious coordinated action is required at an international level if trace evidence is to continue to meet the standards expected of forensic science in the future. The paper concludes that it is vital that trace evidence remains a key component of forensic investigation due to its important role in addressing the 'what happened' question.
Can a machine be used to replicate the biomechanics of human stabbing performance?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCIJUS.2021.10.004
Abstract: A human performance trial was conducted where the stabbing actions of 40 participants were investigated. A range of factors were assessed such as the action used when the blade shape and familiarity of the knife changed. A qualitative evaluation of these factors was presented in an earlier paper to precede the analysis of quantitative kinematic data in this paper. The data from participants was then compared to that obtained from a stabbing machine. A motion analysis system was used to measure parameters such as the joint angular displacement and absolute linear velocity at impact. Motion data was collected using a 12-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system. Results indicated that the mean absolute linear velocity of overarm stabbing actions was consistently higher than the underarm actions. Forensic textile damage examinations often involve testing of edged weapons by manually performing stabbing actions. An underlying fundamental limitation of manual simulation experiments is the natural variation inherent in human performance. Sufficient control measures can be implemented to successfully use manual simulation experiments in forensic testing and therefore this is the accepted practice. However, performance can be improved using a stabbing machine. A custom-built instrumental stabbing device has been shown to operate within the same parameters of the human participants and is therefore suitable for use in casework.
Book Review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-02-2021
Verification of a customized skin simulant for forensic examinations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-04-2023
A fresh scientific look at transfer and persistence
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2022
Abstract: Knowledge of the mechanisms governing transfer, persistence, and recovery of trace evidence, together with background prevalence in the population of interest, and other task relevant information, is key for the forensic interpretation and reconstruction of what happened at the activity level. Up to now, this informational “toolkit” has largely been developed through empirical forensic studies on specific trace materials such as glass, textile fibers, and soil. Combined with the identified systemic siloing between disciplines, while valuable, such research tends to be very material‐dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors applicable to most material types. In Australia, there has been a renewed interest in developing a discipline‐independent framework for the interpretation and/or reconstruction of trace evidence to interpret specific circumstances in casework. In this paper, we present a discipline agnostic “way of thinking” that has been anchored in foundational science underpinning the trace evidence discipline. Physical and mechanical material properties such as material geometry and surface topography, strength, stiffness, and hardness collectively influence contact interactions through underlying friction, wear, and lubrication cause and effect mechanisms. We discuss how these fundamental factors and parameters stemming from materials science and tribology may be adopted and adapted by forensic practitioners and researchers to contribute to a better understanding of transfer, persistence, and recovery mechanisms irrespective of evidence discipline and material type. Ex les are provided to demonstrate the practical significance to real‐life casework and academic research.
Evaluation of elemental profiling methods, including laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), for the differentiation of Cannabis plant material grown in different nutrient solutions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2015.03.029
Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging atomic emission based solid s ling technique that has many potential forensic applications. In this study, the analytical performance of LIBS, as well as that of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray microfluorescence (μXRF), was evaluated for the ability to conduct elemental analyses on Cannabis plant material, with a specific investigation of the possible links between hydroponic nutrients and elemental profiles from associated plant material. No such study has been previously published in the literature. Good correlation among the four techniques was observed when the concentrations or peak areas of the elements of interest were monitored. For Cannabis s les collected at the same growth time, the elemental profiles could be related to the use of particular commercial nutrients. In addition, the study demonstrated that ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS and LIBS are suitable techniques for the comparison of Cannabis s les from different sources, with high discriminating powers being achieved. On the other hand, μXRF method was not suitable for the discrimination of Cannabis s les originating from different growth nutrients.
Persistence and Recovery
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Evaluation of response strategies against epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis C in Niger
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/TMI.12815
Abstract: To inform public health recommendations, we evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of current and hypothetical surveillance and vaccine response strategies against Neisseria meningitidis C meningitis epidemics in 2015 in Niger. We analysed reports of suspected and confirmed cases of meningitis from the region of Dosso during 2014 and 2015. Based on a definition of epidemic signals, the effectiveness and efficiency of surveillance and vaccine response strategies were evaluated by calculating the number of potentially vaccine-preventable cases and number of vaccine doses needed per epidemic signal. A total of 4763 weekly health area reports, collected in 90 health areas with 1282 suspected meningitis cases, were included. At a threshold of 10 per 100 000, the total number of estimated vaccine-preventable cases was 29 with district-level surveillance and vaccine response, 141 with health area-level surveillance and vaccination and 339 with health area-level surveillance and district-level vaccination. While being most effective, the latter strategy required the largest number of vaccine doses (1.8 million), similar to the strategy of surveillance and vaccination at district level (1.3 million), whereas the strategy of surveillance and vaccination at health area level would have required only 0.8 million doses. Thus, efficiency was lowest for district-level surveillance and highest for health area-level surveillance with district-level vaccination. In this analysis, we found that effectiveness and efficiency were higher at health area-level surveillance and district-level vaccination than for other strategies. Use of N. meningitidis C vaccines in a preventive strategy thus should be considered, in particular as most reactive vaccine response strategies in our analysis had little impact on disease burden.
Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of keratinised hair Part 2. An optimised genomic DNA extraction procedure reveals donor dependence of STR profiles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2005.05.005
Abstract: A feasibility study of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of telogen phase hairs in particular, and hair shaft in general, is presented. A number of extraction procedures in common use were investigated and the quantities of nuclear DNA (nuDNA) delivered were quantified via a real-time PCR assay. The extracts were subjected to two variations on AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus PCR lification strategies (extended cycles, two rounds of PCR) and the genotypes compared. Nuclear DNA was found to persist in human hair shafts, albeit at very low levels. Full Profiler Plus profiles consistent with the hair donor were obtained from 100 mg hair shaft s les (bleached and unbleached). These were, however, mixed profiles, indicating low copy number (LCN) contamination in the extracts. Single telogen hair clubs and single hair shafts delivered partial profiles with usually only one allele of heterozygous loci. Telogen phase hairs yielded the same amount of nuDNA (and no more) as hair shafts (either anagen or telogen). Whether hair shafts dissolved or not in lysis buffer had no effect on either the quantitated yield of DNA or on the chance of obtaining a correct genotype. These results provide evidence that genomic DNA resides on the exterior of the hair shaft and we use this information to suggest an optimal procedure for nuDNA extraction from keratinised hair s les: soaking hairs in simple digestion buffers containing Tris-HCl, a salt and a chelating agent without prior cleaning of the hair shafts. It is proposed that cleaning removes most of the recoverable DNA. This procedure was applied to obtain genotypes from 3 cm hair shafts which matched reference profiles from the donors at up to 9 out of 10 AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus STR loci. When the genotyping success was measured by counting the number of matches between the two dominant alleles at each locus for each extract with the reference DNA profile of the hair donor, the success was found to be highly dependent on the donor. The number of matching alleles varied between not less than 10 for one donor to no more than two for another donor. These results may well be linked to the environmental experience of the hairs from each donor prior to removal.
Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of keratinised hair: Part 1. Review of current status and knowledge gaps
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2005.05.006
Abstract: We present a review of the literature on procedures for obtaining short tandem repeat (STR) genotypes from keratinised hair, being either hair shaft or telogen phase (naturally shed) hairs without associated scalp, follicle or sheath cells. Both the hair shaft and the telogen hair club have been subjected to the DNA-degrading keratinisation process and are more likely to be found at a crime scene than anagen (plucked) or catagen phase hairs. We discuss human hair structure, the human hair growth cycle, the keratinisation process and their implications for DNA extraction procedures, PCR lification strategies and the interpretation of STR genotypes. Knowledge gaps and areas requiring research are identified and are the subject of a second article in this series.
Analysis of illicit amphetamine seizures by capillary electrophoresis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1995
The black sheep of forensic science: military forensic and technical exploitation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-11-2019
Soil examination for a forensic trace evidence laboratory-Part 1: Spectroscopic techniques
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2014.08.009
Abstract: In the past, forensic soil examination was a routine aspect of trace evidence examination in forensic science. However, in Australia, the apparent need for soil examinations has diminished and with it the capability of forensic science laboratories to carry out soil examination has been eroded. In recent years, due to soil examinations contributing to some high profile investigations, interest in soil examinations has been renewed. Routine soil examinations conducted in a forensic science laboratory by trace evidence scientists can be facilitated if the examinations are conducted using the instrumentation routinely used by these examiners. Spectroscopic techniques such as visible microspectrophotometry (MSP) and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are routinely used by trace evidence analysts for the colour and compositional analysis, respectively, of forensic items, including paints, fibres, inks and toners, tapes, adhesives and other miscellaneous examinations. This article presents an examination of the feasibility of using MSP and ATR-FTIR as a first step in the forensic comparison of soils with particular reference to Australian soil s les. This initial study demonstrates MSP and ATR-FTIR can effectively be used as a screening test for the discrimination of "forensic-sized" soil s les prior to submission for more detailed analyses by a soil expert.
The Potential Use of Isoelectric Focusing for the Identification and Discrimination of Grass Species on the Basis of their Seed Proteins
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1983
The end of the (forensic science) world as we know it? The example of trace evidence
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 05-08-2015
Abstract: The dominant conception of forensic science as a patchwork of disciplines primarily assisting the criminal justice system (i.e. forensics) is in crisis or at least shows a series of anomalies and serious limitations. In recent years, symptoms of the crisis have been discussed in a number of reports by various commentators, without a doubt epitomized by the 2009 report by the US National Academies of Sciences (NAS 2009 Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward). Although needed, but viewed as the solution to these drawbacks, the almost generalized adoption of stricter business models in forensic science casework compounded with ever-increasing normative and compliance processes not only place additional pressures on a discipline that already appears in difficulty, but also induce more fragmentation of the different forensic science tasks, a tenet many times denounced by the same NAS report and other similar reviews. One may ask whether these issues are not simply the result of an unfit paradigm. If this is the case, the current problems faced by forensic science may indicate future significant changes for the discipline. To facilitate broader discussion this presentation focuses on trace evidence, an area that is seminal to forensic science both for epistemological and historical reasons. There is, however, little doubt that this area is currently under siege worldwide. Current and future challenges faced by trace evidence are discussed along with some possible answers. The current situation ultimately presents some significant opportunities to re-invent not only trace evidence but also forensic science. Ultimately, a distinctive, more robust and more reliable science may emerge through rethinking the forensics paradigm built on specialisms, revisiting fundamental forensic science principles and adapting them to the twenty-first century.
Forensic science, an enabler or dis-enabler for criminal investigation?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
An evaluation of the Maxcan fibre finder version 3.3 on cotton fibres
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00180-4
Abstract: The Maxcan fibre finder system is a product of Cox Analytical Systems, Sweden, and has been developed for the primary purpose of searching for fibres on tape lifts. This paper evaluates the ability of the Maxcan system to search for different fibre types and colours under varying conditions. The system performed effectively in most situations, although it did have problems with some search combinations that a human operator would also find difficult in a manual search. The Maxcan system has the added advantages of being objective, consistent and able to do large batch searches unattended. These attributes make it very useful where a large number of tapes need to be searched in casework and also in research where large quantities of data need to be gathered within a reasonable time.
The persistence of human scalp hair on clothing fabrics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2003.07.014
Abstract: This study reports the persistence behaviour of human scalp hairs under a number of different circumstances. The effects of artificial dyeing of hairs, the presence or absence of roots and different types of fabrics on the persistence of hair on a variety of garments were investigated. The garments were made from cotton, polycotton, cotton/acrylic, polyester and wool. The results indicated that neither artificial dyes nor the presence or absence of roots had statistically significant effects on the persistence of hair. In contrast, the type of fabric had a major impact and it was found that, generally, hairs persist longer on rougher fabrics. The rate of loss of hairs from non-woollen fabrics during normal wear was found to follow an exponential decay curve. In contrast, the rate of loss from the woollen garments was quite linear, indicating a constant, even loss, and thus suggests that a different process is involved in the persistence of hairs on woollen garments from that on non-woollen garments. The speed at which hair was lost from fabrics decreased in the order polyester, cotton/acrylic, polycotton, cotton, smooth wool, rough wool, so that wool gives the best chance of recovering s les of hair. Due to the uniqueness of each case, it is advised that caution be used when making any interpretations and before drawing any conclusions.
Crime Scene Considerations
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Developmental Validation of a Cannabis sativa STR multiplex System for Forensic Analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-08-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1556-4029.2008.00792.X
Abstract: A developmental validation study based on recommendations of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) was conducted on a multiplex system of 10 Cannabis sativa short tandem repeat loci. Amplification of the loci in four multiplex reactions was tested across DNA from dried root, stem, and leaf sources, and DNA from fresh, frozen, and dried leaf tissue with a template DNA range of 10.0-0.01 ng. The loci were lified and scored consistently for all DNA sources when DNA template was in the range of 10.0-1.0 ng. Some allelic dropout and PCR failure occurred in reactions with lower template DNA amounts. Overall, lification was best using 10.0 ng of template DNA from dried leaf tissue indicating that this is the optimal source material. Cross species lification was observed in Humulus lupulus for three loci but there was no allelic overlap. This is the first study following SWGDAM validation guidelines to validate short tandem repeat markers for forensic use in plants.
A molecular identification system for grasses: a novel technology for forensic botany
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2004.07.015
Abstract: Our present inability to rapidly, accurately and cost-effectively identify trace botanical evidence remains the major impediment to the routine application of forensic botany. Grasses are amongst the most likely plant species encountered as forensic trace evidence and have the potential to provide links between crime scenes and in iduals or other vital crime scene information. We are designing a molecular DNA-based identification system for grasses consisting of several PCR assays that, like a traditional morphological taxonomic key, provide criteria that progressively identify an unknown grass s le to a given taxonomic rank. In a prior study of DNA sequences across 20 phylogenetically representative grass species, we identified a series of potentially informative indels in the grass mitochondrial genome. In this study we designed and tested five PCR assays spanning these indels and assessed the feasibility of these assays to aid identification of unknown grass s les. We confirmed that for our control set of 20 s les, on which the design of the PCR assays was based, the five primer combinations produced the expected results. Using these PCR assays in a 'blind test', we were able to identify 25 unknown grass s les with some restrictions. Species belonging to genera represented in our control set were all correctly identified to genus with one exception. Similarly, genera belonging to tribes in the control set were correctly identified to the tribal level. Finally, for those s les for which neither the tribal or genus specific PCR assays were designed, we could confidently exclude these s les from belonging to certain tribes and genera. The results confirmed the utility of the PCR assays and the feasibility of developing a robust full-scale usable grass identification system for forensic purposes.
Forensic DNA phenotyping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSIGEN.2018.03.005
Abstract: Forensic scientists around the world are adopting new technology platforms capable of efficiently analysing a larger proportion of the human genome. Undertaking this analysis could provide significant operational benefits, particularly in giving investigators more information about the donor of genetic material, a particularly useful investigative lead. Such information could include predicting externally visible characteristics such as eye and hair colour, as well as biogeographical ancestry. This article looks at the adoption of this new technology from a privacy perspective, using this to inform and critique the application of a Privacy Impact Assessment to this emerging technology. Noting the benefits and limitations, the article develops a number of themes that would influence a model Privacy Impact Assessment as a contextual framework for forensic laboratories and law enforcement agencies considering implementing forensic DNA phenotyping for operational use.
Australian biometric system to meet national security objectives – Part II legislation and policy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2022
Truth has many aspects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
A Cannabis sativa STR Genotype Database for Australian Seizures: Forensic Applications and Limitations*
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-04-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1556-4029.2009.01014.X
Abstract: A genetic database was established with the aim of documenting the genetic ersity of Cannabis sativa in Australia for future utilization in forensic investigations. The database consisted of genotypes at 10 validated short tandem repeat loci for 510 plants representing drug seizures from across Australia and 57 fiber s les. A total of 106 alleles and 314 different genotypes were detected. All fiber s les exhibited unique genotypes while 55% of the drug s les shared a genotype with one or more s les. Shared genotypes were mostly found within seizures however, some genotypes were found among seizures. Statistical analysis indicated that genotype sharing was a consequence of clonal propagation rather than a lack of genetic resolution. Thus, the finding of shared genotypes among seizures is likely due to either a common supplier, or direct links among seizures. Notwithstanding the potential intelligence information provided by genetic analysis of C. sativa, our database analysis also reveals some present limitations.
The influence of front-loading and top-loading washing machines on the persistence, redistribution and secondary transfer of textile fibres during laundering
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
An empirical review of antimalarial quality field surveys: the importance of characterising outcomes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPBA.2017.04.056
Abstract: For decades, thousands of people have been dying from malaria infections because of poor-quality medicines (PQMs). While numerous efforts have been initiated to reduce their presence, PQMs are still risking the lives of those seeking treatment. This review addresses the importance of characterising results of antimalarial medicine field surveys based upon the agreement of clearly defined definitions. Medicines found to be of poor quality can be falsified or counterfeit, substandard or degraded. The distinction between these categories is important as each category requires a different countermeasure. To observe the current trends in the reporting of field surveys, a systematic literature search of six academic databases resulted in the quantitative analysis of 61 full-text journal articles. Information including s le size, s ling method, geographical regions, analytical techniques, and characterisation conclusions was observed for each. The lack of an accepted uniform reporting system has resulted in varying, incomplete reports, which may not include important information that helps form effective countermeasures. The programmes influencing medicine quality such as prequalification, procurement services, awareness and education can be supported with the information derived from characterised results. The implementation of checklists such as the Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines will further strengthen the battle against poor-quality antimalarials.
The forensic intelligence continuum in the military context
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-05-2020
The Persistence of Textile Fibres Transferred During Simulated Contacts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1982
Trace Evidence Overview
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
A Systems Approach to Biometrics in the Military Domain
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2018
Abstract: Forensic biometrics is the application of forensic science principles to physical and behavioral characteristics. Forensic biometrics is a secondary sub-system in the forensic science "system of systems," which describes forensic science as a sub-system in the larger criminal justice, law enforcement, intelligence, and military system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss biometrics in the military domain and integration into the wider forensic science system of systems. The holistic system thinking methodology was applied to the U.S. biometric system to map it to the system of systems framework. The U.S. biometric system is used as a case study to help guide other countries to develop military biometric systems that are integrated and interoperable at the whole-of-government level. The aim is to provide the system of systems framework for agencies to consider for proactive design of biometric systems.
Principles for the Organization of Forensic Support
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Identifying the Critical Skillset of Top Crime Scene Examiners: Why This Matters and Why Agencies Should Develop Top Performers.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/WFS2.1494
Abstract: Processing a crime scene is complex. When scenes are processed well, higher quality specimens can be detected and collected. Inadequately managed scenes increase risk of ineffective investigations and poorer justice outcomes. Government reports from around the world have stated that some crime scene examiners outperform their peers. If processing a crime scene is vital for optimal outcomes, then who should we employ, and train, for this complex and challenging role? What skills do they need? In 2010, the seminal work into the technical and non‐technical skills of top crime scene examiners commenced in Australia. This team used empirical techniques from occupational psychology and business management to identify a cluster of 7 key cognitive, social, leadership skills, and technical/scientific knowledge to develop a profile of top crime scene performers. This work was published in a series of papers between 2012 and 2017. In 2023, the original work was combined with current international empirical findings to build a robust, comprehensive, and more generalizable picture of the holistic skillset of top crime scene examiners. The rationale for developing a skillset is to assist forensic agencies to create targeted recruitment procedures and inform the content of early career training programs for their crime scene teams. With recruitment and training done well, organizations are better placed to attract, develop, and retain personnel with potential to excel in complex roles. When top examiners attend scenes, it is possible the risk of poorer justice outcomes arising from crime scene work could be reduced. This article is categorized under: Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation Crime Scene Examination Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation Education and Formation Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence
Fibers: Laboratory Examination
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2014
DOI: 10.1002/9780470061589.FSA1109
Abstract: The laboratory examination of fibers in a forensic context is not a series of unrelated analytical examinations but is rather a holistic examination of fibers as part of a criminalistics approach to fiber examination. This article covers the interface from recovery of fibers at a scene, case management and selection of fibers for more detailed examination. A protocol is described and then each phase of the examination process and instrumentation considered. Emphasis is placed on the central role of microscopic examination in this process.
δ13C and δ13H isotope ratios in amphetamine synthesized from benzaldehyde and nitroethane
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2010
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4563
Abstract: Previous work in these laboratories and by Butzenlechner et al. and Culp et al. has demonstrated that the delta(2)H isotope value of industrial benzaldehyde produced by the catalytic oxidation of toluene is profoundly positive, usually in the range +300 per thousand to +500 per thousand. Synthetic routes leading to hetamine, methyl hetamine or their precursors and commencing with such benzaldehyde may be expected to exhibit unusually positive delta(2)H values. Results are presented for delta(13)C and delta(2)H isotope values of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene synthesized from an industrial source of benzaldehyde, having a positive delta(2)H isotope value, by a Knoevenagel condensation with nitroethane. Results are also presented for delta(13)C and delta(2)H isotope values for hetamine prepared from the resulting 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene. The values obtained were compared with delta(13)C and delta(2)H isotope values obtained for an hetamine s le prepared using a synthetic route that did not involve benzaldehyde. Finally, results are presented for s les of benzaldehyde, 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene and hetamine that had been seized at a clandestine hetamine laboratory.
Fibers: Microscopy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2014
DOI: 10.1002/9780470061589.FSA1108
Abstract: The role of microscopy in the examination of fibres in forensic context is considered including how microscopic examination can contribute to the triage and more detailed examination of fibres as part of an overall analytical protocol. The appropriate use of specialist forms of microscopy are considered including the central role use of comparison microscopy.
Male sex-ratio bias in the endangered South Australian Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1071/MU14107
Beyond Technical Training to Professionalism in Crime Scene Examination: Enhancing Cognitive, Leadership, and Social Abilities in Career development Programs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-12-2017
Microscopic Examination of Hairs
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
The determination of cocaine and related substances by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1994
Abstract: A quantitative method for the determination of cocaine and related substances by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) is described. Quantitative results obtained for both monitor materials and a number of actual drug seizures by this new capillary electrophoretic method are comparable to a gas chromatography (GC) run in parallel, both in the values and coefficient of variation achieved. The advantages of this new method include minimal use of solvents, the ability to readily automate the procedure and the ability to quantitate illicit heroin seizures under the same conditions with the exception of detector wavelength alteration. The method has proved rugged and reliable for both heroin and cocaine in a number of inter-laboratory proficiency studies.
Australian marsupial species identification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Revisiting the Incorporation of Ti(IV) in UiO-type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Metal Exchange versus Grafting and Their Implications on Photocatalysis
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-10-2017
The population of coloured textile fibres in domestic washing machines
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
Preliminary investigation of heroin fingerprinting using trace element concentrations
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1039/A808802K
Acoustic monitoring of carrion fly activity on human remains: a preliminary study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-07-2022
Microbial Forensics in Australia—The Australian Federal Police Perspective
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Soils in Forensic Science Using Classical and Modern Instrumental Methods
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 07-1989
DOI: 10.1520/JFS12710J
9/11 - Will Forensic Science Ever be the Same? Being Prepared for the 21st Century
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Textile damage examinations on the cutting edge – an Australian perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-03-2018
Soil examination for a forensic trace evidence laboratory–Part 3:A proposed protocol for the effective triage and management of soil examinations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2016.02.034
Abstract: In the past, forensic soil examination was a routine aspect of forensic trace evidence examinations. The apparent need for soil examinations then went through a period of decline and with it the capability of many forensic laboratories to carry out soil examinations. In more recent years, interest in soil examinations has been renewed due-at least in part-to soil examinations contributing to some high profile investigations. However, much of this renewed interest has been in organisations with a primary interest in soil and geology rather than forensic science. We argue the need to reinstate soil examinations as a trace evidence sub-discipline within forensic science laboratories and present a pathway to support this aim. An examination procedure is proposed that includes: (i) appropriate s le collection and storage by qualified crime scene examiners (ii) exclusionary soil examinations by trace evidence scientists within a forensic science laboratory (iii) inclusionary soil examinations by trace evidence scientists within a forensic science laboratory and (iv) higher-level examination of soils by specialist soil scientists and palynologists. Soil examinations conducted by trace evidence scientists will be facilitated if the examinations are conducted using the instrumentation routinely used by these examiners. Hence, the proposed examination protocol incorporates instrumentation in routine use in a forensic trace evidence laboratory. Finally, we report on an Australian soil scene variability study and a blind trial that demonstrate the utility of the proposed protocol for the effective triage and management of soil s les by forensic laboratories.
Physical evidence in drug intelligence Part 3: supercritical fluid extraction–high performance liquid chromatography of packaging tapes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2009
The role of recrystallisation on the deformation behaviour of calcite rocks: Large strain torsion experiments on Carrara marble
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
An evaluation of novice, expert and supervised machine learning model classifications for forensic hair analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-09-2023
Short tandem repeat (STR) DNA markers are hypervariable and informative in Cannabis sativa: implications for forensic investigations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00397-3
Abstract: Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are the DNA marker of choice in forensic analysis of human DNA. Here we extend the application of STR markers to Cannabis sativa and demonstrate their potential for forensic investigations. Ninety-three in idual cannabis plants, representing drug and fibre accessions of widespread origin were profiled with five STR makers. A total of 79 alleles were detected across the five loci. All but four in iduals from a single drug-type accession had a unique multilocus genotype. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant genetic variation among accessions, with an average of 25% genetic differentiation. By contrast, only 6% genetic difference was detected between drug and fibre crop accessions and it was not possible to unequivocally assign plants as either drug or fibre type. However, our results suggest that drug strains may typically possess lower genetic ersity than fibre strains, which may ultimately provide a means of genetic delineation. Our findings demonstrate the promise of cannabis STR markers to provide information on: (1) agronomic type, (2) the geographical origin of drug seizures, and (3) evidence of conspiracy in production of clonally propagated drug crops.
Factors affecting the potential for fibre contamination in purpose-designed forensic search rooms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2001
Chemical profiling of heroin recovered from the North Korean merchant vessel Pong Su
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-04-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1556-4029.2006.00122.X
Abstract: Heroin s les, seized from the North Korean merchant vessel Pong Su in Australian waters, were analyzed to determine geographic origin. Duplicate s les were analyzed by the National Measurement Institute's Australian Forensic Drug Laboratory and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration's Special Testing and Research Laboratory. Alkaloid ratios were determined by both liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) and capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection (CE-DAD) techniques. Acid/neutral manufacturing by-products were determined by solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Solvents, trapped in the heroin particles during manufacture, were detected by both static headspace GC-MS and purge and trap GC-MS. The alkaloid ratios obtained were consistent with heroin of a Southeast Asian (SEA) origin and principal component analysis of the alkaloid results demonstrated the presence of at least four subgroupings within the seizure. The solvent analysis detected diethyl ether and ethyl acetate, solvents typically seen in SEA heroin. However, the acid/neutral analysis revealed compounds not normally seen in heroin of a SEA origin. Furthermore, sterol-like molecules, always detected in the acid/neutral analysis of SEA heroin, were absent from the Pong Su s les. The Pong Su heroin, although similar to SEA heroin, has sufficient differences to classify it as having an unknown origin at the time of this writing.
Developing a strategic forensic science risk management system as a component of the forensic science system of systems
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-09-2020
DNA detective: a review of molecular approaches to wildlife forensics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S12024-009-9131-7
Abstract: Illegal trade of wildlife is growing internationally and is worth more than USD$20 billion per year. DNA technologies are well suited to detect and provide evidence for cases of illicit wildlife trade yet many of the methods have not been verified for forensic applications and the erse range of methods employed can be confusing for forensic practitioners. In this review, we describe the various genetic techniques used to provide evidence for wildlife cases and thereby exhibit the ersity of forensic questions that can be addressed using currently available genetic technologies. We emphasise that the genetic technologies to provide evidence for wildlife cases are already available, but that the research underpinning their use in forensics is lacking. Finally we advocate and encourage greater collaboration of forensic scientists with conservation geneticists to develop research programs for phylogenetic, phylogeography and population genetics studies to jointly benefit conservation and management of traded species and to provide a scientific basis for the development of forensic methods for the regulation and policing of wildlife trade.
Science futures
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2008
Physical evidence in drug intelligence, Part 1: rationale based on hierarchic distribution of drugs using pyrolysis gas chromatography –mass spectrometry as an example
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2007
Particle size analysis of soils — A comparison of dry and wet sieving techniques
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
A textile fibre survey as an aid to the interpretation of fibre evidence in the Sydney region
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00520-5
Abstract: Frequency figures of the fibre population on textile cinema seats were measured in Sydney, Australia, in winter. Sixteen seats were analysed from a very popular cinema complex, with 3025 fibres classified according to colour, generic class and fluorescence properties (100 grey-black cotton fibres only). The recovered fibres were mostly natural fibres (84%) with cotton the most common generic type (70%). On the contrary, man made fibres were relatively rare (15%) with rayon constituting the majority of these (51%). The most common colour/generic class combinations were grey-black cotton (33%) and blue cotton (30%) accounting for 63% of the total population. All other frequencies were below 5%, most below 1% using only the two properties of colour and generic class. Fluorescence properties were found to be very discriminating as far as grey-black cotton fibres were concerned. These features are considered and discussed and in particular, to emphasise the significance of fibres as evidence of contact.
A law enforcement intelligence framework for use in predictive DNA phenotyping
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-01-2019
Fiber: Protocols for Examination
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
An evaluation of human stabbing performance to inform the standardisation of textile damage examinations: Do simulation trials correlate to reported stabbings?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
A life well lived – Sir Peter Lawler OBE KGCP
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-05-2017
Crowdsourced and crowdfunded: the future of forensic DNA?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-07-2020
Case study–crown prosecution of a British citizen for the extraterritorial murder of Sergeant First Class Randy Johnson, United States 2nd Cavalry Regiment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-07-2021
A Statistical Method for Assessing Soil Comparisons
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 07-1985
DOI: 10.1520/JFS11019J
Microscopic characteristics of the plumulaceous feathers of Australian birds: a preliminary analysis of taxonomic discrimination for forensic purposes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-09-2016
“Soils Ain't Soils”: Context and Issues Facing Soil Scientists in a Forensic World
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2009
Related Organisations
University Of Strathclyde
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Glasgow
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0882797
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 06-2015
Amount: $669,329.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0883333
Start Date: 10-2008
End Date: 12-2011
Amount: $207,762.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0776248
Start Date: 02-2008
End Date: 07-2012
Amount: $295,604.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0454207
Start Date: 02-2005
End Date: 12-2006
Amount: $311,381.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE150100015
Start Date: 07-2015
End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $430,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivitySpecial Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354786
Start Date: 2004
End Date: 06-2004
Amount: $10,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity