ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5420-8606
Current Organisation
Curtin University
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Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology | Psychology | Developmental Psychology and Ageing
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12281
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 18-06-2018
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.5004
Abstract: Academic burnout is prevalent among university students, although understanding of what predicts burnout is limited. This study aimed to test the direct and indirect relationship between two dimensions of perfectionism (Perfectionistic Concerns and Perfectionistic Strivings) and the three elements of Academic Burnout (Exhaustion, Inadequacy, and Cynicism) through Repetitive Negative Thinking. In a cross-sectional survey, undergraduate students ( n = 126, M age = 23.64, 79% female) completed well-validated measures of Perfectionism, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Academic Burnout. Perfectionistic Concerns was directly associated with all elements of burnout, as well as indirectly associated with Exhaustion and Cynicism via Repetitive Negative Thinking. Perfectionistic Strivings was directly associated with less Inadequacy and Cynicism however, there were no indirect associations between Perfectionistic Strivings and Academic Burnout operating through Repetitive Negative Thinking. Repetitive Negative Thinking was also directly related to more burnout Exhaustion and Inadequacy, but not Cynicism. It is concluded that future research should investigate whether interventions targeting Perfectionistic Concerns and Repetitive Negative Thinking can reduce Academic Burnout in university students.
Publisher: South African Medical Association NPC
Date: 11-10-2013
DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.7045
Abstract: Identifying children at the highest risk of negative health effects is a prerequisite to effective public health policies in Southern Africa. A central ongoing debate is whether poverty, orphanhood or parental AIDS most reliably indicates child health risks. Attempts to address this key question have been constrained by a lack of data allowing distinction of AIDS-specific parental death or morbidity from other causes of orphanhood and chronic illness. To examine whether household poverty, orphanhood and parental illness (by AIDS or other causes) independently or interactively predict child health, developmental and HIV-infection risks. We interviewed 6 002 children aged 10 - 17 years in 2009 - 2011, using stratified random s ling in six urban and rural sites across three South African provinces. Outcomes were child mental health risks, educational risks and HIV-infection risks. Regression models that controlled for socio-demographic co-factors tested potential impacts and interactions of poverty, AIDS-specific and other orphanhood and parental illness status. Household poverty independently predicted child mental health and educational risks, AIDS orphanhood independently predicted mental health risks and parental AIDS illness independently predicted mental health, educational and HIV-infection risks. Interaction effects of poverty with AIDS orphanhood and parental AIDS illness were found across all outcomes. No effects, or interactions with poverty, were shown by AIDS-unrelated orphanhood or parental illness. The identification of children at highest risk requires recognition and measurement of both poverty and parental AIDS. This study shows negative impacts of poverty and AIDS-specific vulnerabilities distinct from orphanhood and adult illness more generally. Additionally, effects of interaction between family AIDS and poverty suggest that, where these co-exist, children are at highest risk of all.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/SLTB.12721
Abstract: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) posits fearlessness of death and pain tolerance as two components of suicide capability. The German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ) is the first measure of both these components, but few data are available on its psychometrics. We (a) examined the psychometric properties of the GCSQ and used it to test (b) the latent structure of suicide capability and (c) its associations with suicidal behavior. As part of the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, Belgian ( N = 3715) and Australian ( N = 2828) students completed the GCSQ (Dutch or English versions). The factor structure of the GCSQ was well represented by two first‐order factors (fearlessness of death, pain tolerance) and a higher‐order suicide capability factor. The fearlessness of death scale and pain tolerance scale (minus two reverse‐scored items) showed good reliability (α = 0.81– 0.90). Fearlessness of death was associated with suicidal behaviors, but the pain tolerance scale was inversely associated with suicidal behaviors. Consistent with the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, fearlessness of death and pain tolerance are components of a higher‐order suicide capability construct. The GCSQ is a reliable measure of this construct, though its pain tolerance scale requires modification.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE8040487
Abstract: Medication adherence is a global health concern, and variables of temporal self-regulation theory (TST) have been shown to be important in improving adherence. This qualitative study aims to explore how TST can help explain medication adherence in people’s daily lives, and whether there are differences in the adherence to simple and complex medication regimens. Twenty-nine participants from Australia engaged in semi-structured interviews based on TST (intention, behavioural prepotency, self-regulation), and other variables important to adherence. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified (Routines, External Supports, Cost, Sense of Agency, Adverse Outcomes, and Weighing Up Pros and Cons), with partial support for TST (specifically intention, past behaviour, cues and planning). Four themes not related to TST were also identified. In iduals with more complex medication regimens spoke of the importance of routines, planning, and knowledge-seeking, whereas those with simpler regimens spoke of the importance of visual cues. TST may be useful for identifying some variables important in medication adherence, however, additional factors were also identified. For simple regimens, future research should focus on the manipulation of visual cues. For complex regimens, health professionals should consider supporting the use of medication management apps to assist in planning and ensuring a consistent routine.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23506
Abstract: Perfectionism is linked to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). In iduals with elevated perfectionism tend to avoid undesirable emotions and experience lower self‐esteem, which are associated with NSSI. However, it is unclear if these mechanisms explain the link between clinical perfectionism and NSSI, and if locus of control is involved. We aimed to explore whether experiential avoidance and self‐esteem would mediate the relationship between clinical perfectionism and NSSI, and if locus of control would moderate links between clinical perfectionism and both experiential avoidance and self‐esteem. As part of a larger study, 514 Australian university students ( M age = 21.15 years, SD = 2.40 73.5% female) completed an online survey of NSSI, clinical perfectionism, experiential avoidance, self‐esteem, and locus of control. Clinical perfectionism was associated with NSSI history, but not with recent NSSI or past year NSSI frequency. Lower self‐esteem, but not experiential avoidance, mediated links between clinical perfectionism and NSSI history, recent NSSI, and NSSI frequency. More external locus of control was associated with NSSI, experiential avoidance, and lower self‐esteem, but locus of control did not moderate pathways between clinical perfectionism and experiential avoidance or self‐esteem. University students reporting elevated clinical perfectionism may have a tendency to experience lower self‐esteem which is associated with NSSI history, recency, and severity.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-10-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-06-2015
DOI: 10.1111/SODE.12127
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-11-2022
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/SH14089
Abstract: Background Adolescent pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes. Most studies proposing risk pathways for adolescent pregnancy in South Africa are qualitative, hypothesising links among age-disparate relationships, reduced condom use and higher pregnancy rates. No known South African studies have quantitatively explored pathways to adolescent pregnancy. Objectives: This study aimed to: (i) identify the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and (ii) explore a pathway of risk by assessing whether condom use mediated the relationship between age-disparate sexual relationships and adolescent pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 447 sexually active girls aged 10–19 years was undertaken in six health districts of South Africa. Multivariate logistic regressions controlled for confounders. Mediation tests used bootstrapping. Results: Consistent condom use (β = –2.148, odds ratio (OR) = 8.566, P ≤ 0.001) and school enrolment (β = –1.600, OR = 0.202, P ≤ 0.001) were associated with lower pregnancy rates. Age-disparate sex (β = 1.093, OR = 2.982, P ≤ 0.001) and long-term school absences (β = 1.402, OR = 4.061, P ≤ 0.001) were associated with higher pregnancy rates. The indirect effect of age-disparate sex on adolescent pregnancy through condom use was significant, irrespective of age, age at sexual initiation, poverty and residential environment (B = 0.4466, s.d. = 0.1303, confidence interval: 0.2323–0.7428). Conclusion: This survey supports hypotheses that inability to negotiate condom use in age-disparate sexual relationships may drive adolescent pregnancy. Interventions addressing these relationships, facilitating condom use and increasing access to sexual health services among adolescents might avert unwanted pregnancies.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 13-09-2023
DOI: 10.2196/44016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2013.03.028
Abstract: Increasing evidence demonstrates negative psychological, health, and developmental outcomes for children associated with parental HIV/AIDS illness and death. However, little is known about how parental AIDS leads to negative child outcomes. This study used a structural equation modelling approach to develop an empirically-based theoretical model of interactive relationships between parental or primary caregiver AIDS-illness, AIDS-orphanhood and predicted intervening factors associated with children's psychological distress, educational access and sexual health. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2009-2011, from 6002 children aged 10-17 years in three provinces of South Africa using stratified random s ling. Comparison groups included children orphaned by AIDS, orphaned by other causes and non-orphans, and children whose parents or primary caregivers were unwell with AIDS, unwell with other causes or healthy. Participants reported on psychological symptoms, educational access, and sexual health risks, as well as hypothesized sociodemographic and intervening factors. In order to build an interactive theoretical model of multiple child outcomes, multivariate regression and structural equation models were developed for each in idual outcome, and then combined into an overall model. Neither AIDS-orphanhood nor parental AIDS-illness were directly associated with psychological distress, educational access, or sexual health. Instead, significant indirect effects of AIDS-orphanhood and parental AIDS-illness were obtained on all measured outcomes. Child psychological, educational and sexual health risks share a common set of intervening variables including parental disability, poverty, community violence, stigma, and child abuse that together comprise chain effects. In all models, parental AIDS-illness had stronger effects and more risk pathways than AIDS-orphanhood, especially via poverty and parental disability. AIDS-orphanhood and parental AIDS-illness impact child outcomes through multiple, interlinked pathways. The interactive model developed in this study suggests key areas of focus for interventions with AIDS-affected children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23503
Abstract: Disclosure of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with a range of both positive (e.g., help‐seeking) and negative (e.g., discrimination) outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of a range of factors concerned with: NSSI experiences, self‐efficacy to disclose self‐injury, interpersonal factors, and reasons for or expectations of disclosure, to the decision to disclose self‐injury to friends, family members, significant others, and health professionals. Three hundred seventy‐one participants with lived experience of NSSI completed a survey in which they rated the importance of the aforementioned factors to the decision of whether to disclose NSSI to different people. A mixed‐model analysis of variance was conducted to investigate whether the factors differed in importance and if this importance differed across relationship types. All factors held importance, though to differing degrees, with those related to relationship quality being most important overall. Generally, factors relating to tangible aid were considered more important when considering disclosure to health professionals than to other people. Conversely, interpersonal factors, particularly trust, were more important when disclosing to in iduals in social or personal relationships. The findings provide preliminary insight into how different considerations may be prioritized when navigating NSSI disclosure, in a way that may be tailored to different contexts. For clinicians, the findings highlight that clients may expect tangible forms of support and nonjudgment in the event that they disclose their self‐injury in this formal setting.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1833797
Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), the deliberate and self-inflicted damage of body tissue, typically serves an emotion regulation function. Both negative and positive affectivity have been associated with NSSI, as has low distress tolerance. In the current study, we tested whether relationships between both negative and positive affectivity and NSSI are moderated by the four facets of distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, appraisal, regulation) captured by the Distress Tolerance Scale. A s le of 531 university students completed well-validated measures of NSSI, negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and distress tolerance. Findings indicate that negative and positive affectivity, as well as the appraisal (i.e. negative perceptions of distress) and absorption (i.e. allocation of attention to distress) facets of distress tolerance, were directly associated with NSSI. Positive affectivity and appraisal also interacted in differentiating participants with recent, lifetime and no history of NSSI. Specifically, the association between negative perceptions of distress and self-injury was weaker at high levels of positive affectivity. Positive affectivity and absorption also interacted to differentiate between in iduals with no history of NSSI and in iduals who recently engaged in NSSI. Specifically, positive affectivity was negatively associated with self-injury, but only among in iduals who allocate less attention to their distress. Considering the independent roles of negative and positive affectivity alongside specific facets of distress tolerance and their interactions with emotional experience, may enhance understanding of NSSI. Prevention and intervention initiatives that assist regulation of negative affectivity, increase positive affectivity, and improve distress tolerance, may reduce the likelihood of engaging in self-injury.HighlightsNegative and positive affectivity are independently associated with NSSIAppraisal and absorption facets of distress tolerance are associated with NSSIPositive affectivity moderates associations between appraisal and absorption and NSSI.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2013
Abstract: Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that HIV/AIDS orphanhood is associated with anxiety and depression and that HIV/AIDS-related stigma is a risk factor for these outcomes. This study used a longitudinal data set to determine whether relationships between HIV/AIDS orphanhood and anxiety/depression scores (measured at 4-year follow-up) operate indirectly via perceived stigma. Youths from poor communities around Cape Town were interviewed in 2005 ( n = 1,025) and followed up in 2009 ( n = 723). At baseline, HIV/AIDS-orphaned youth reported significantly higher stigma and depression scores than youth not orphaned by HIV/AIDS. At follow-up, HIV/AIDS-orphaned youth reported significantly higher stigma, anxiety, and depression scores. However, HIV/AIDS orphanhood was not directly associated with anxiety or depression. Instead, significant indirect effects (operating through perceived stigma) were obtained for both assessment periods. Results demonstrate that stigma persists across time and appears to mediate relationships between HIV/AIDS orphanhood and psychological distress. Interventions aiming to reduce stigma may help promote the mental health of HIV/AIDS-orphaned youth.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-08-2014
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.824533
Abstract: A recent systematic review of studies in the developing world has critically examined linkages from familial HIV/AIDS and associated factors such as poverty and child mental health to negative child educational outcomes. In line with several recommendations in the review, the current study modelled relationships between familial HIV/AIDS, poverty, child internalising problems, gender and four educational outcomes: non-enrolment at school, non-attendance, deficits in grade progression and concentration problems. Path analyses reveal no direct associations between familial HIV/AIDS and any of the educational outcomes. Instead, HIV/AIDS-orphanhood or caregiver HIV/AIDS-sickness impacted indirectly on educational outcomes via the poverty and internalising problems that they occasioned. This has implications for evidence-based policy inferences. For instance, by addressing such intervening variables generally, rather than by seeking to target families affected by HIV/AIDS, interventions could avoid exacerbating stigmatisation, while having a more direct and stronger impact on children's educational outcomes. This analytic approach also suggests that future research should seek to identify causal paths, and may include other intervening variables related to poverty (such as child housework and caring responsibilities) or to child mental health (such as stigma and abuse), that are linked to both familial HIV/AIDS and educational outcomes.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1037/SAH0000350
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-05-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/DA.22754
Abstract: Approximately one in five college students report a history of nonsuicidal self-injury. However, it is unclear how many students meet criteria for the recently proposed DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSI-D). In this study, we used full NSSI-D criteria to identify those students most in need of clinical care. Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 4,565), we examined the 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 NSSI-D in a large and representative s le of incoming college students. We also explored the optimal frequency threshold as a function of interference in functioning due to NSSI, and examined comorbidity patterns with other 12-month mental disorders (i.e., major depressive disorder, broad mania, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol dependence) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Twelve-month NSSI-D prevalence was 0.8% and more common among females (1.1%) than males (0.4%). The proposed 5+ diagnostic threshold was confirmed as yielding highest discrimination between threshold and subthreshold cases in terms of distress or disability due to NSSI. A dose-response relationship was observed for NSSI recency-severity (i.e., 12-month NSSI-D, subthreshold 12-month NSSI-D, past NSSI, no history of NSSI) with number of 12-month mental disorders and STB. NSSI-D occurred without comorbid disorders for one in five in iduals, and remained associated with severe role impairment when controlling for the number of comorbid disorders. These findings offer preliminary evidence that DSM-5 NSSI-D is uncommon among incoming college students, but may help to improve the deployment of targeted resource allocation to those most in need of services. More work examining the validity of NSSI-D is required.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2018.10.102
Abstract: Adolescents living with HIV represent a high-risk population for suicidal ideation and attempts, especially in low-income settings. Yet little is known about risk and protective factors for suicide in this population. A moderated mediation model was employed to test for potential (a) effects of stigma on suicidal ideation and attempts, both direct and mediated through depression and (b) direct and stress-buffering effects of social support resources on depression and suicidal ideation and attempts, among 1053 HIV-positive 10-19-year-old adolescents from a resource-scarce health district in South Africa. The survey data was collected using full community s ling of 53 clinics and tracing to over 180 communities. Effects of two support resources were tested: perceived support availability from the adolescents' social network and structured clinic support groups. Stigma was measured using the ALHIV-SS scale, depression through the CDI short form and social support through items from the MOS-SS. Stigma was a risk factor for depression (B = 0.295 p < 001) and for suicidal thoughts and behaviour (B = 0.185 p < .001). Only perceived support availability was directly associated with less depression (B = -0.182, p < .001). However, both perceived support availability and support group participation contributed to the overall stress-buffering effects moderating the direct and indirect relationships between stigma and suicidal thoughts and behaviour. The data used in this study was self-reported and cross-sectional. Findings suggest that strengthening multiple social support resources for HIV-positive adolescents, through early clinic and community-based interventions, may protect them from experiencing poor mental health and suicidal tendencies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/A000134
Abstract: The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) is regularly used with South African children, although its performance in this context has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study assessed the basic psychometric properties of the RCMAS using data collected in a large study examining the mental health of children and adolescents living in poor urban communities around Cape Town. Reliability of the full-scale was good, and the predicted relationships between anxiety, depression, PTSD, delinquency, age, sex, and somaticism scores offered evidence of construct validity. However, the reliabilities for the physiological, worry/oversensitivity, and concentration subscales were low, and confirmatory factor analysis revealed the hypothesized three-factor model did not adequately fit the data. Exploratory analyses suggested a four-factor solution consisting of social evaluation, worry, affective responses, and physiological symptoms/sleep disturbance factors. Further confirmatory research examining this four-factor structure is needed. Given the continued use of the RCMAS in South Africa, these findings provide an important first step in establishing its reliability and validity for use with South African youth however, scores obtained on the three subscales should be interpreted with caution and further detailed psychometric evaluation of the RCMAS in South African s les is clearly required.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-05-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2019
Abstract: The ability to learn new words is critical in the development of oral and written language, and significantly impacts engagement in social, academic and vocational situations. Many studies have evaluated the word-learning process in people with developmental language disorder (DLD). However, methodologies for assessment are heterogeneous, creating difficulties in synthesizing findings and identifying gaps in the knowledge base. To scope systematically the literature and identify key methodological parameters considered in evaluations of word learning in people with DLD and to identify gaps in the literature to guide further research in this area. Twelve databases were searched and a total of 70 studies that met eligibility criteria were identified. The studies were evaluated according to key parameters that researchers varied in their word-learning methodologies. Most research has focused on word learning in the oral modality, and specifically in children with DLD. Fewer studies have explored word learning in adults and adolescents with DLD, and in the written modality. Depending on the research question and theoretical perspective driving the investigation, methodologies for assessing word learning considered a range of parameters, including words being learned, learning context and cues to support learning in the tasks. This review aggregates a variety of methods used previously to assess word learning. Findings highlight the need for further research to explore areas such as: the learning of varied word types (e.g., adjectives and adverbs) learning in the written modality and word learning (both oral and written) in adolescents and adults with DLD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/BJEP.12401
Abstract: Children with dyslexia are at elevated risk of internalizing (emotional) and externalizing (behavioural) problems. Clever Kids is a nine‐week socioemotional well‐being programme developed specifically for upper primary school children with dyslexia. In a small randomized‐controlled trial, we tested the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptability of the Clever Kids programme. ‘Forty children ( M age = 10.45 years, 65% male) with clinically diagnosed dyslexia too part in the study. Children were randomized to either attend Clever Kids ( n = 20) or to a wait‐list control condition ( n = 20). Coping skills, self‐esteem, resilience, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms were measured at pre‐programme, post‐programme, and at three‐month follow‐up. Recruitment and retention rates indicate high feasibility for further evaluation of the programme. There was a significant interaction between intervention condition and time for non‐productive coping [ F (2, 76) = 4.29, p = 0.017, f 2 = 0.11]. Children who attended Clever Kids significantly reduced their use of non‐productive coping strategies, and this was maintained at three‐month follow‐up assessment. For all other outcomes, the interactions between intervention condition and time were non‐significant. The programme appears acceptable to children with dyslexia and their families, but may be improved by further reducing the number of activities involving reading and writing. Clever Kids improved the coping skills of children with dyslexia however, a larger trial is needed to replicate this finding and investigate whether programme attendance is associated with additional improvements in children’s socioemotional well‐being.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/23969415211004109
Abstract: Previous research into word learning in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) indicates that the learning of word forms and meanings, rather than form-referent links, is problematic. This difficulty appears to arise with impaired encoding, while retention of word knowledge remains intact. Evidence also suggests that word learning skills may be related to verbal working memory. We aimed to substantiate these findings in the current study by exploring word learning over a series of days. Fifty children with DLD (mean age 6 11, 72% male) and 54 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (mean age 6 10, 56% male) were taught eight novel words across a four-day word learning protocol. Day 1 measured encoding, Days 2 and 3 measured re-encoding, and Day 4 assessed retention. At each day, word learning success was evaluated using Naming, Recognition, Description, and Identification tasks. Children with DLD showed comparable performance to the TD group on the Identification task, indicating an intact ability to learn the form-referent links. In contrast, children with DLD performed significantly worse for Naming and Recognition (signifying an impaired ability to learn novel word forms), and for Description, indicating problems establishing new word meanings. These deficits for the DLD group were apparent at Days 1, 2, and 3 of testing, indicating impairments with initial encoding and re-encoding however, the DLD and TD groups demonstrated a similar rate of learning. All children found the retention assessments at Day 4 difficult, and there were no significant group differences. Finally, verbal working memory emerged as a significant moderator of performance on the Naming and Recognition tasks, such that children with DLD and poor verbal working memory had the lowest levels of accuracy. This study demonstrates that children with DLD struggle with learning novel word forms and meanings, but are unimpaired in their ability to establish new form-referent links. The findings suggest that the word learning deficit may be attributed to problems with encoding, rather than with retention, of new word knowledge however, further exploration is required given the poor performance of both groups for retention testing. Furthermore, we found evidence that an impaired ability to learn word forms may only be apparent in children who have DLD and low levels of verbal working memory. When working with children with DLD, speech-language pathologists should assess word learning using tasks that evaluate the ability to learn word forms, meanings, and form-referent links to develop a profile of in idual word learning strengths and weaknesses. Clinicians should also assess verbal working memory to identify children at particular risk of word learning deficits. Future research should explore the notion of optimal intervention intensity for facilitating word learning in children with poor language and verbal working memory.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-03-2015
Abstract: There is now conclusive evidence of the major and long-lasting negative effects of physical and sexual abuse on children. Within Africa, studies consistently report high rates of child abuse, with prevalence as high as 64%. However, to date, there has been no review of factors associated with physical and sexual child abuse and polyvictimization in Africa. This review identified 23 quantitative studies, all of which showed high levels of child abuse in varying s les of children and adults. Although studies were very heterogeneous, a range of correlates of abuse at different levels of the Model of Ecologic Development were identified. These included community-level factors (exposure to bullying, sexual violence, and rural/urban location), household-level factors (poverty, household violence, and non-nuclear family), caregiver-level factors (caregiver illness in particular AIDS and mental health problems, caregiver changes, family functioning, parenting, caregiver-child relationship, and substance abuse), and child-level factors (age, disability, physical health, behavior, and gender). These findings identify key associated factors that are potential foci of child abuse prevention interventions. In addition, there is a clear need for further rigorous longitudinal research into predictive factors and culturally relevant interventions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/DYS.1531
Abstract: A growing literature indicates that children with reading difficulties are at elevated risk for mental health problems however, little attention has been given to why this might be the case. Associations between reading difficulties and mental health differ substantially across studies, raising the possibility that these relationships may be ameliorated or exacerbated by risk or resilience-promoting factors. Using socio-ecological theory as a conceptual framework, we outline four potential lines of research that could shed light on why children with reading difficulties are at risk of mental health problems and identify potential targets for intervention. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-10-2021
Abstract: According to Social Cognitive Theory, the anticipated consequences of a behaviour (outcome expectancies), influence the likelihood of engaging in a behaviour. Results from self-report studies suggest that people who have self-injured expect self-injury will regulate emotions while people who have never self-injured expect self-injury to result in pain. In this study we trialled three experimental tasks measuring implicit self-injury related outcome expectancies. 150 Australian university students aged 18–45 ( M = 21.45, SD = 3.84) completed the experimental tasks (Sentence Completion Task, Implicit Association Tests, Covariation Bias Task) within a laboratory setting. Results revealed that implicit associations with affect regulation, pain, and communication differentiated people according to self-injury history in the sentence completion task. The strength of implicit associations with affect regulation also predicted the recency of self-injury. People who had self-injured, but not in the past 12 months appeared to have a bias towards associating images of self-injury and neutral words when compared to people who had recently self-injured. Implicit associations, as measured by the Implicit Association Tests did not significantly differentiate participants by self-injury history. Results suggest that the sentence completion task could further research and theoretical understanding of the role of implicit outcome expectancies in facilitating self-injury.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1177/20438087211007597
Abstract: The Emotional Image Tolerance (EIT) task assesses tolerance of negative emotion induced by negatively valenced images. We made several minor modifications to the task (Study 1) and adapted the task to include positive and neutral images in order to assess whether in iduals respond to the valence or the intensity of the image content (Study 2). In both studies, we assessed subjective distress, gender differences in task responses, and associations between behavioral and self-reported distress tolerance, and related constructs. Across both studies, the EIT successfully induced distress and gender differences were observed, with females generally indicating more distress than males. In Study 2, responses on the adapted EIT task were correlated with self-reported distress tolerance, rumination, and emotion reactivity. The EIT successfully induces distress and the correlations in Study 2 provide promising evidence of validity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-02-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23494
Abstract: We aimed to identify profiles of ambivalence among in iduals with a history of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and tested whether profiles differed across various theoretically informed constructs: NSSI‐related characteristics, cognitive (outcome expectancies, self‐efficacy to resist NSSI), emotional (psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation), personality, and incentives to engage/not engage in NSSI. In iduals with a lifetime history of NSSI ( n = 224) reported the extent to which they wanted to and did not want to engage in NSSI and completed well‐validated measures of the constructs of interest. Latent profile analysis indicated four ambivalence profiles (avoid: n = 39 moderately ambivalent: n = 85 highly ambivalent: n = 30 approach: n = 70). The profiles differed across a number of NSSI‐related characteristics, cognitive, emotional, and incentive‐related variables. Differences between the ambivalence profiles and the avoid/approach profiles varied across constructs. For ex le, the ambivalence and approach profiles were similar for NSSI‐related outcome expectancies, but the ambivalence and avoidance profiles were similar for self‐efficacy to resist NSSI. Findings highlight variation between the desire to engage or not engage in NSSI that are consistent with the notion of ambivalence. Understanding these differences may allow for a more person‐centered approach in treatment for NSSI.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-07-2017
Abstract: Sexual abuse has severe negative impacts on children’s lives, but little is known about risk factors for sexual abuse victimization in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined prospective predictors of contact sexual abuse in a random community-based s le of children aged 10 to 17 years ( N = 3,515, 56.6% female) in South Africa. Self-report questionnaires using validated scales were completed at baseline and at 1-year follow-up (96.8% retention rate). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between hypothesized factors and sexual abuse were examined. For girls, previous sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.03, 5.60]), baseline school dropout (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = [1.00, 6.19]), and physical assault in the community (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = [1.29, 3.48]) predicted sexual abuse at follow-up. Peer social support (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = [0.74, 0.98]) acted as a protective factor. Previous contact sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of subsequent sexual abuse victimization. In addition, peer support moderated the relationship between baseline assault and subsequent sexual abuse. For boys, no longitudinal predictors for sexual abuse victimization were identified. These results indicate that the most vulnerable girls—those not in school and with a history of victimization—are at higher risk for sexual abuse victimization. High levels of peer support reduced the risk of sexual abuse victimization and acted as a moderator for those who had experienced physical assault within the community. Interventions to reduce school drop-out rates and revictimization may help prevent contact sexual abuse of girls in South Africa.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-12-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1411785
Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is commonly used by young adults to regulate emotional responses. Yet, experimental examination of how people who self-injure appraise and respond to emotional stimuli is limited. We examined appraisals of, and responses to, emotive images in young adults who did and did not self-injure, and assessed whether these were impacted by exposure to a stressor. Study 1 (N = 51) examined whether participants differed in their appraisals of emotional images. Study 2 (N = 78) assessed whether appraisals of images changed after exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test. Ratings of emotional valence and arousal were collected in both studies skin conductance was measured as an indicator of physiological arousal in Study 2. In Study 1 participants reporting NSSI rated positively valenced images as less pleasant than participants not reporting NSSI. In Study 2, after acute stress, participants reporting NSSI displayed d ened physiological reactions to positive images whereas participants who did not self-injure displayed heightened physiological reactions to these and rated them as more pleasant. In iduals who self-injure seem less able to engage in strategic mood repair after exposure to stress compared to people who do not self-injure.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-02-2017
Abstract: Violence against children increases in adolescence, but there is a research and practice gap in research-supported child abuse prevention for the adolescent years. A pilot program for low-resource settings was developed in collaboration with nongovernmental organizations, government, and academics in South Africa, using research-supported principles. This study used a pre-post design to test initial effects of a 10-session parenting program with 60 participants (30 caregiver–adolescent dyads) in high-poverty rural South Africa. Areas requiring further testing and adaptation were also identified. Pre-post findings show medium to large program effects in reducing child abuse and adolescent problem behavior, as well as large effects in improvements of positive parenting, and perceived parent and adolescent social support. There is potential to reduce child abuse, improve parenting, and reduce adolescent problem behavior in rural South Africa through parenting programs. Further development, testing and longer term follow-up are required to ascertain potential for scale-up.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-04-2023
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221082152
Abstract: Research on violence against children (VAC) requires meaningful, valid, and reliable self-report by children. Many instruments have been used globally and decisions to select suitable measures are complex. This review identifies child and adolescent self-report measures that are most likely to yield valid, reliable, and comparable data in this field. A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD4201706) was conducted using the 2018 Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instrument (COSMIN) criteria. Six electronic databases and gray literature were searched. Manuscripts published in English and describing the development and psychometric qualities of child/adolescent self-report instruments were included. Thirty-nine original instruments and 13 adaptations were identified in 124 studies. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “high” depending on the measure and the psychometric properties assessed. Most measures were not widely used, and some have been applied in many settings despite limited evidence of their psychometric rigor. Few studies assessed content validity, particularly with children. The ACE, CTQ, CTS-PC, CECA, ICAST, and JVQ have the best psychometric properties. An overview of items measuring frequency, onset, duration, perpetrators, and locations is provided as well as an assessment of the practicalities for administration to help researchers select the instrument best suited for their research questions. This comprehensive review shows the strengths and weaknesses of VAC research instruments. Six measures that have sufficient psychometric properties are recommended for use in research, with the caveat that extensive piloting is carried out to ensure sufficient content validity for the local context and population.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-07-2013
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.699668
Abstract: This study validated a brief stigma-by-association scale for use with South African youth (adapted from the HIV Stigma-by-Association Scale for Adolescents). Participants were 723 youth (364 male, 359 female) from poor urban communities around Cape Town. Youths completed the brief stigma-by-association scale and measures of bullying victimisation and peer-problems, as well as inventories measuring symptoms of depression and anxiety. Exploratory analyses revealed that the scale consists of two subscales: (1) experience of stigma-by-association and (2) consequences of stigma-by-association. This two factor structure was obtained in the full s le and both the HIV/AIDS-affected and unaffected subgroups. The full stigma-by-association scale showed excellent reliability (α = 0.89-0.90) and reliabilities for both subscales were also good (α = 0.78-0.87). As predicted, children living in HIV/AIDS-affected households obtained significantly higher stigma-by-association scores than children in non-affected households [F(1, 693) = 46.53, p<0.001, partial η(2)=0.06] and hypothesized correlations between stigma-by-association, bullying, peer problems, depression and anxiety symptoms were observed. It is concluded that the brief stigma-by-association scale is a reliable and valid instrument for use with South African youth however, further confirmatory research regarding the structure of the scale is required.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12631
Abstract: Temporal self‐regulation theory was developed to address an observed intention‐behaviour gap across behaviours. However, a synthesis of studies has not yet been conducted to investigate the theory's utility to explain behaviour and bridge the intention‐behaviour gap. This review aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of temporal self‐regulation theory to understanding behaviour and pre‐registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021253174). Forward citation searches on the original theory publication through Google Scholar until May 2021 identified 37 eligible articles, including, 12,555 participants assessing at least two of the three theory constructs. Random‐effects meta‐analyses assessed the strength of associations between theory constructs on behaviour and random effects meta‐regressions assessed moderators of behaviour. Findings provide support for temporal self‐regulation theory to explain behaviour with very weak (self‐regulatory capacity r = .039, CI = .00, –.07) to moderate (intention r = .331, CI = .26, .40 behavioural pre‐potency r = .379, CI = .32, .44) effect sizes. Further, the strength of associations varied across behaviour types and contexts. However, there was high heterogeneity across studies and some moderating effects could not be assessed due to insufficient numbers of studies assessing interactions. We urge researchers to assess and report interactions for better understanding of the drivers of behaviour to develop effective interventions for positive behaviour change.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23409
Abstract: This study examined the overlap between considering oneself to have stopped nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and the actual cessation of the behavior in terms of days self‐injured in the last month and last year, and how these operationalizations are associated with constructs related to NSSI recovery. A cross‐sectional survey including measures of coping, emotion dysregulation, psychological distress, general self‐efficacy, and self‐efficacy in resisting NSSI was answered by 144 adults aged 17–81 years ( M age [ SD ] = 21.43 [7.32]). Having self‐injured for ≥5 days in the last year was overly inclusive of in iduals who currently considered themselves as having stopped NSSI (39.02%). Considering oneself to have stopped NSSI was associated with better emotion regulation (Cohen's d = 0.45), and higher general self‐efficacy and higher self‐efficacy to resist NSSI ( d = 0.59‒0.64) than behavioral cessation. Not actually engaging in NSSI was only associated with self‐efficacy to resist NSSI in risk contexts, such that fewer days self‐injured in the last year increased confidence (partial η 2 = 0.085). Accounting for whether an in idual considers themselves as having stopped NSSI or not may complement estimates of behavioral cessation, and strengthen outcomes associated with NSSI recovery.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2022
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23247
Abstract: The Emotional Cascade Model posits that nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) functions to distract from cascades of intense negative emotion and rumination. We investigated the moderating role of rumination in the relationships between reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of emotion and NSSI. University students ( N = 992) completed self‐report measures of self‐injury, emotional reactivity, intensity and perseveration, and rumination. Together, the dimensions of negative emotion were associated with NSSI, but none contributed unique variance. For positive emotion, reactivity was negatively associated with history of self‐injury and perseveration was negatively associated with frequency of the behaviour. Rumination was associated with NSSI, but did not moderate associations between the dimensions of negative emotion and self‐injury. Rumination moderated the relationship between perseveration of positive emotion and history of NSSI, such that it was only significant at high levels of rumination. Findings highlight the importance of dimensions of positive emotion in understanding self‐injury.
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/A000464
Abstract: Abstract. In this study, we investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of three brief emotion regulation questionnaires in s les of young adults (17–30 years) with and without a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI n = 705–836). Results revealed configural, full metric, and full scalar invariance for the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale – Short Form (DERS-SF) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire – Short (CERQ-S). In addition, the CERQ-S also showed full residual error invariance. In contrast, the proposed factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was not confirmed in either s le. Further, we observed that some items function differently for people who self-injure and people who do not, which could result in artificial differences being reported in use of cognitive reappraisal. While the current findings offer confidence that observed differences using the DERS-SF and CERQ-S reflect reliable discrepancies in emotion regulation processes between people who self-injure and do not, the validity of statistical inferences using the ERQ could not be ensured and need further psychometric evaluation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-09-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2023
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 15-03-2021
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.10915
Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional damage to one’s body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. NSSI primarily serves an emotion regulation function, with in iduals engaging in self-injury to escape intense or unwanted emotion. Low distress tolerance has been identified as a mechanism that underlies self-injury, and is commonly assessed using the self-report Distress Tolerance Scale. There are mixed findings regarding the factor structure of the Distress Tolerance Scale, with some researchers utilising a higher-order distress tolerance score (derived from the scores on the four lower-order subscales) and other researchers using the four subscales as unique predictors of psychological outcomes. Neither of these factor structures have been assessed among in iduals with a history of self-injury. Of note, an inability to tolerate distress (thought to underlie NSSI) may limit an in idual’s capacity to accurately observe and report specific thoughts and emotions experienced in a state of heightened distress, which may impact the validity of scores on the Distress Tolerance Scale. Therefore, measurement invariance should be established before attributing NSSI-related differences on the scale to true differences in distress tolerance. We compared the Distress Tolerance Scale higher-order model with the lower-order four factor model among university students with and without a history of NSSI. Our results indicated that the lower-order four factor model was a significantly better fit to the data than the higher-order model. We then tested the measurement invariance of this lower-order factor model among in iduals with and without a history of NSSI, and established configural and full metric invariance, followed by partial scalar and full residual error invariance. These results suggest the four subscales of the Distress Tolerance Scale can be used to confidently discern NSSI-related differences in distress tolerance.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-08-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-01-2024
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221145912
Abstract: Valid, meaningful, and reliable adult retrospective measures of violence against children (VAC) are essential for establishing the prevalence, risk factors, and long-term effects of VAC. We aim to summarize the available evidence on the psychometric properties of adult retrospective VAC measures and to provide evidence-based recommendations for appropriate measure selection. We searched six electronic databases and gray literature for studies that report on the development, content validity, or psychometric properties of adult retrospective child abuse and neglect measures for this review (PROSPERO: CRD4201706). We used the 2018 Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria to evaluate each included study and measure. We assessed if measures included questions on frequency or severity, the perpetrator, or the location of the violence, and noted the administrative practicalities for each instrument such as length, readability, available translations, and cost to access. We identified 288 studies and 77 measures. The quality of evidence ranged from “low” to “high,” depending on the measure and the psychometric properties assessed. The measures with the most robust evidence available across multiple contexts are the: ACE and ACE-IQ FBQ and FBQ-U CTQ and CTQ-SF and ICAST-R. This review shows the strengths and weaknesses of retrospective VAC measures. The substantial evidence presented in this review can be used by researchers to make psychometrically sound decisions for measurement selection which should be supported by extensive piloting and adaptation to the respective local context.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1037/SAH0000257
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-09-2021
Abstract: Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process which may be implicated in the onset and maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury. No study has evaluated whether reported differences in perfectionism between in iduals with and without a history of self-injury represent genuine group differences or measurement artefacts. The present study reports an investigation of the measurement invariance of two common scales of perfectionism, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Brief (FMPS-Brief) and the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), among university students (Mage = 20.48, SDage = 2.22, 75.3% female, 22.8% male) with and without a history of self-injury (total n = 711). Results revealed full residual error invariance for the two-factor model of FMPS-Brief, while the bifactor model of the FMPS-Brief and the two-factor model of the CPQ demonstrated partial metric invariance. Accounting for partial metric invariance, the bifactor model of the FMPS-Brief also demonstrated partial residual error invariance. The current findings suggest that observed differences using the FMPS-Brief reflect genuine differences in perfectionism between in iduals with and without a history of self-injury. Further, while researchers using the bi-factor model can have confidence that the general factor can adequately assess group differences, differential item functioning should be considered if using the strivings and concerns factors. Finally, in the current data, the CPQ did not perform as expected in baseline model fit and future research should replicate assessments of measurement invariance in this measure.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-05-2018
Abstract: Cognitive impairment, particularly of executive functioning, has been implicated in deficits in spoken discourse production following acquired brain injury (ABI). However, due to variation in the methodologies and heterogeneity of findings across studies, the nature and extent of this association is not well understood. This review aims to synthesize the literature investigating associations between cognitive deficits and discourse impairment after ABI. It is reported in accordance with guidelines of The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Searches were conducted of a variety of databases including Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Cochrane and ERIC. Additional studies were identified via reference harvesting. Studies were included if they reported data on participants with ABI, assessed spoken discourse production and cognitive function, and performed statistical analyses to determine the association between discourse and cognitive variables. This review excluded non-English sources and those not published in peer-reviewed journals. Meta-analyses were not conducted due to variability across tools and terminology used to describe participant injury- and non-injury-related characteristics and outcomes. Twenty-five observational studies were included in the review. Findings revealed significant associations between multiple cognitive functions and discourse across micro-linguistic to super-structural measures. Methodological and terminological inconsistencies were identified across studies, which limited systematic comparison of the results. This review revealed present, yet heterogeneous, relationships between cognitive and discourse deficits in speakers with ABI. Associations were interpreted in light of a well-established model of discourse processing. Greater comparison across studies would have been facilitated by a standard nomenclature in relation to cognitive constructs and standardized discourse assessment. Future research should explore the influence of injury- and participant-related factors on discourse-cognitive relationships. The lack of information on conversational discourse and paediatric ABI limits the generalizability of this review to daily interaction following ABI. While applicable across the lifespan, in-depth investigation of discourse following ABI in childhood and adolescence is a priority due to complex changes in language and cognition, and the potential for impairments profoundly impact social, emotional and academic progression into adulthood. Given the centrality of remediating cognitive-communication difficulties in ABI, the interrelationships between discourse and cognition should retain a critical focus of research. This will inform clinical management and future research with this population. Findings have implications for our theoretical understanding of discourse and the nature of its breakdown in ABI.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 03-2023
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.221100
Abstract: People who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) consistently report greater emotion reactivity and dysregulation than their peers. However, evidence that these self-reports reflect an lified emotional response under controlled conditions is limited. Here we test the effects of both subtle and overt social exclusion, to determine whether self-reported emotion dysregulation reflects responses to real-time emotional challenge for people who self-injure. We recruited 100 young women with past-year NSSI and 100 without NSSI to an online experiment. Participants took part in a baseline social inclusion ball-tossing game, followed by either an overt or subtle social exclusion ball-tossing game, while we measured negative mood and belongingness. Despite reporting greater emotion reactivity ( d = 1.40) and dysregulation ( d = 1.63) than controls, women with past-year NSSI showed no differences in negative mood or belongingness ratings in response to either overt or subtle social exclusion. Within the NSSI group, exploratory analyses found greater endorsement of intrapersonal functions predicted greater negative mood following social exclusion ( β = 0.19). Given that lified emotional responding is central to prominent theoretical models of NSSI, findings highlight the need to better understand the ergence in findings between self-reported emotion dysregulation and real-time emotional responding among people who self-injure.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-03-2017
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 20-05-2016
DOI: 10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.2062V1
Abstract: In iduals with poor reading ability are at greater risk of educational and occupational difficulties. In addition to this, these in iduals are also at greater risk of poor health outcomes, particularly mental health. At least some of this association may be underpinned by poor self-concept however, the evidence for this relationship is mixed. In this systematic review protocol, we outline an approach to adjudicate between three reasons for these mixed results: (1) poor reading is more closely associated with some types of self-concept than others (2) low self-concept is more closely associated with some types of poor reading than others and (3) low self-concept is not associated with poor reading per se, but is associated with co-morbid problems with language or attention. The protocol proposes a review (based on PRSIMA-P guidelines) to use the existing literature to explore the evidence for these possibilities to better understand the association between poor reading and low self-concept.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2013
DOI: 10.1002/CAR.2283
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 26-05-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.26.22275585
Abstract: Stigma can be experienced as perceived or actual disqualification from social and institutional acceptance on the basis of one or more physical, behavioural or other attributes deemed to be undesirable. Long Covid is a predominantly multisystem condition that occurs in people with a history of SARSCoV2 infection, often resulting in functional disability. To develop and validate a Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS) and to quantify the burden of Long Covid stigma. Follow-up of a co-produced community-based Long Covid online survey using convenience non-probability s ling. Thirteen questions on stigma were designed to develop the LCSS capturing three domains – enacted (overt experiences of discrimination), internalised (internalising negative associations with Long Covid and accepting them as self-applicable) and anticipated (expectation of bias oor treatment by others) stigma. Confirmatory factor analysis tested whether LCSS consisted of the three hypothesised domains. Model fit was assessed and prevalence was calculated. 966 UK-based participants responded (888 for stigma questions), with mean age 48 years (SD: 10.7) and 85% female. Factor loadings for enacted stigma were 0.70-0.86, internalised 0.75-0.84, anticipated 0.58-0.87, and model fit was good. The prevalence of experiencing stigma at least ‘sometimes’ and ‘often/always’ was 95% and 76% respectively. Anticipated and internalised stigma were more frequently experienced than enacted stigma. Those who reported having a clinical diagnosis of Long Covid had higher stigma prevalence than those without. This study establishes a scale to measure Long Covid stigma and highlights common experiences of stigma in people living with Long Covid.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12409
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/CP.12127
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 03-11-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-10-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10964-014-0146-3
Abstract: South African children and adolescents living in HIV/AIDS-affected families are at elevated risk of both symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Poverty and HIV/AIDS-related stigma are additional risk factors for these negative mental health outcomes. Community level factors, such as poverty and stigma, are difficult to change in the short term and identifying additional potentially malleable mechanisms linking familial HIV/AIDS with mental health is important from an intervention perspective. HIV/AIDS-affected children are also at increased risk of bullying victimization. This longitudinal study aimed to determine whether prospective relationships between familial HIV/AIDS and both anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms operate indirectly via bullying victimization. Adolescents (M = 13.45 years, 56.67 % female, n = 3,515) from high HIV-prevalent (>30 %) communities in South Africa were interviewed and followed-up one year later (n = 3,401, 96.70 % retention). Census enumeration areas were randomly selected from urban and rural sites in two provinces, and door-to-door s ling included all households with a resident child/adolescent. Familial HIV/AIDS at baseline assessment was not directly associated with mental health outcomes 1 year later. However, significant indirect effects operating via bullying victimization were obtained for both anxiety and depression scores. Importantly, these effects were independent of poverty, HIV/AIDS-related stigma, and baseline mental health, which highlight bullying victimization as a potential target for future intervention efforts. The implementation and rigorous evaluation of bullying prevention programs in South African communities may improve mental health outcomes for HIV/AIDS-affected children and adolescents and this should be a focus of future research and intervention.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-09-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-03-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/SLTB.12599
Abstract: Emotional experience is argued to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). We investigated whether in iduals with/without a history of NSSI differed in their dispositional experience of negative and positive emotion, as well as their state responses to negatively and positively valenced movie clips. Undergraduates (n = 214, M Relative to participants with no history of self-injury, participants reporting NSSI indicated more reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of dispositional negative emotion however, differences were negated after adjusting for mental illness. Unexpectedly, in iduals with a history of NSSI responded less intensely to the sad clip, although they demonstrated perseveration of sadness over time. Participants reporting NSSI also indicated less reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of dispositional positive emotion and, in response to the amusing film, reported less amusement at all time-points. Considering different dimensions of negative and positive emotion may enhance understanding of NSSI. Future research should disentangle which dimensions of emotional experience are unique to NSSI and which are shared with mental illness more generally.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-02-2015
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1005315
Abstract: Both Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory have been applied to understanding drinking behavior. We propose that theoretical relationships between these models support an integrated approach to understanding alcohol use and misuse. We aimed to test an integrated model in which the relationships between reward sensitivity and drinking behavior (alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and symptoms of dependence) were mediated by alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Online questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest were completed by 443 Australian adults (M age = 26.40, sd = 1.83) in 2013 and 2014. Path analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects and implicated two pathways to drinking behavior with differential outcomes. Drinking refusal self-efficacy both in social situations and for emotional relief was related to alcohol consumption. Sensitivity to reward was associated with alcohol-related problems, but operated through expectations of increased confidence and personal belief in the ability to limit drinking in social situations. Conversely, sensitivity to punishment operated through negative expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy for emotional relief to predict symptoms of dependence. Two pathways relating reward sensitivity, alcohol expectancies, and drinking refusal self-efficacy may underlie social and dependent drinking, which has implications for development of intervention to limit harmful drinking.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-09-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1524121
Abstract: Although declining in all other age groups, AIDS-related deaths among adolescents are increasing. In the context of HIV, mental health problems are associated with negative health outcomes, including non-adherence to life-saving ART. For effective programming it is essential to identify factors associated with psychological outcomes in this population. Adopting a socioecological perspective, we aimed to identify correlates of internalising and externalising symptoms in a large, representative s le of South African adolescents living with HIV. HIV-positive adolescents (n = 1060), who received care in public health facilities in South Africa's Eastern Cape, completed measures of internalising and externalising symptoms. Hypothesised correlates included HIV and health-related factors (physical health, mode of infection, medication side-effects, disclosure, stigma), health-service related factors (negative interactions with clinic staff, clinic support group), interpersonal factors (abuse, bullying victimisation, social support), parenting-related factors (orphanhood, positive parenting, parental monitoring, parent communication), as well as in idual and demographic-related factors (self-efficacy, age, gender, urban/rural location, poverty). Correlates operating across a variety of contexts were identified. Bullying victimisation, self-efficacy, and positive parenting may be particularly salient intervention targets as they were associated with better outcomes on most or all mental health measures, can be addressed without directly targeting adolescents living with HIV (reducing the chances of accidental exposure and stigma), and are associated with better adolescent mental health in South Africa more generally.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 10-02-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-07-2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.EURPSY.2019.04.002
Abstract: Despite increased awareness that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) poses a significant public health concern on college c uses worldwide, few studies have prospectively investigated the incidence of NSSI in college and considered targeting college entrants at high risk for onset of NSSI. Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 4,565 56.8%female, M age = 18.3, SD = 1.1), students provided data on NSSI, sociodemographics, traumatic experiences, stressful events, perceived social support, and mental disorders. A total of 2,163 baseline responders provided data at a two-year annual follow-up assessment (63.2% conditional response rate). One-year incidence of first onset NSSI was 10.3% in year 1 and 6.0% in year 2, with a total of 8.6% reporting sporadic NSSI (1–4 times per year) and 7.0% reporting repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 times per year) during the first two years of college. Many hypothesized proximal and distal risk factors were associated with the subsequent onset of NSSI (ORs = 1.5–18.2). Dating violence prior to age 17 and severe role impairment in daily life were the strongest predictors. Multivariate prediction suggests that an intervention focused on the 10% at highest risk would reach 23.9% of students who report sporadic, and 36.1% of students who report repetitive NSSI during college (cross-validated AUCs =.70–.75). The college period carries high risk for the onset of NSSI. In idualized web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting young adults at high risk for self-injury and offering timely intervention.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-04-2015
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2014.996243
Abstract: This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence on predictors of internalised HIV stigma amongst people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. Studies were identified through electronic databases, grey literature, reference harvesting and contacts with key researchers. Quality of findings was assessed through an adapted version of the Cambridge Quality Checklists. A total of 590 potentially relevant titles were identified. Seventeen peer-reviewed articles and one draft book chapter were included. Studies investigated socio-demographic, HIV-related, intra-personal and interpersonal correlates of internalised stigma. Eleven articles used cross-sectional data, six articles used prospective cohort data and one used both prospective cohort and cross-sectional data to assess correlates of internalised stigma. Poor HIV-related health weakly predicted increases in internalised HIV stigma in three longitudinal studies. Lower depression scores and improvements in overall mental health predicted reductions in internalised HIV stigma in two longitudinal studies, with moderate and weak effects, respectively. No other consistent predictors were found. Studies utilising analysis of change and accounting for confounding factors are necessary to guide policy and programming but are scarce. High-risk populations, other stigma markers that might layer upon internalised stigma, and structural drivers of internalised stigma need to be examined.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-2023
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2127831
Abstract: The relationships between temporal self-regulation theory (TST) constructs (intention, behavioural prepotency and self-regulatory capacity) and medication adherence should be established before further applying the theory to adherence. Searches of PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were conducted in 2019 (updated November 2021). Studies had to be original quantitative research, assessed the relationship between one of the constructs and adherence in one illness, and used an adult population. The risk of bias was assessed using the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Three meta-analyses were conducted using
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2018.05.022
Abstract: Child abuse prevention research has been h ered by a lack of validated multi-dimensional non-proprietary instruments, sensitive enough to measure change in abuse victimization or behavior. This study aimed to adapt the ICAST child abuse self-report measure (parent and child) for use in intervention studies and to investigate the psychometric properties of this substantially modified tool in a South African s le. First, cross-cultural and sensitivity adaptation of the original ICAST tools resulted in two preliminary measures (ICAST-Trial adolescents: 27 items, ICAST-Trial caregivers: 19 items). Second, ICAST-Trial data from a cluster randomized trial of a parenting intervention for families with adolescents (N = 1104, 552 caregiver-adolescent dyads) was analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis established the hypothesized 6-factor (adolescents) and 4-factor (caregivers) structure. Removal of two items for adolescents and five for caregivers resulted in adequate model fit. Concurrent criterion validity analysis confirmed hypothesized relationships between child abuse and adolescent and caregiver mental health, adolescent behavior, discipline techniques and caregiver childhood abuse history. The resulting ICAST-Trial measures have 25 (adolescent) and 14 (caregiver) items respectively and measure physical, emotional and contact sexual abuse, neglect (both versions), and witnessing intimate partner violence and sexual harassment (adolescent version). The study established that both tools are sensitive to measuring change over time in response to a parenting intervention. The ICAST-Trial should have utility for evaluating the effectiveness of child abuse prevention efforts in similar socioeconomic contexts. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and examine cultural appropriateness, barriers for disclosure, and willingness to engage in child abuse research.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-01-2023
Abstract: Children with dyslexia are at elevated risk of internalising and externalising mental health concerns. Our aim was to scope the extent and nature of the literature investigating factors which may influence this association. We systematically searched the peer-reviewed and grey literature with no restrictions on the date. We included both qualitative and quantitative studies. Inclusion criteria included: (1) a focus on childhood (≤18 years) reading/learning difficulties (2) internalising and/or externalising symptoms and (3) a potentially modifiable third factor (e.g., self-esteem). Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. We organised the studies according to in idual, family, and community-level third factors. Whilst a range of third factors were identified, relatively few researchers tested associations between the third factor and mental health in the context of dyslexia. Furthermore, there was a focus on primary rather than secondary school experience and a reliance, in many cases, on teacher arent perspectives on children’s mental health. Future researchers are encouraged to explore links between socio-emotional skills, coping strategies, school connectedness, and mental health in the context of dyslexia. Research of this nature is important to assist with the identification of children who are more (or less) at risk of mental health concerns and to inform tailored mental health programs for children with dyslexia.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-02-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2022
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23315
Abstract: Using the Emotional Cascade Model as a theoretical framework, this study tested whether the relationship between perfectionism and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) operates through rumination and negative affect. Additionally, we tested whether the associations between perfectionism and both rumination and negative affect are moderated by attention control. Using a correlational cross‐sectional design, adults aged 18–25 with ( N = 197) and without ( N = 271) a history of NSSI completed measures of perfectionism, rumination, negative affect, attention control, and NSSI. Perfectionism was directly associated with increased odds of NSSI, and indirectly associated with odds of NSSI through rumination and negative affect. The relationship between perfectionism and rumination was moderated by attention focusing, such that the relationship was stronger for in iduals who were higher in attention focusing. Integrating perfectionism and attention with existing models of NSSI may improve understanding of the factors contributing to NSSI and offers insights into future clinical directions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2018.09.045
Abstract: We examined the relationship between self-efficacy and three behaviours that can serve similar affect-regulatory functions (self-injury, risky alcohol use, disordered eating). We proposed that general self-efficacy would be indirectly related to each outcome, operating via emotion regulatory self-efficacy and behaviour-specific self-efficacy. A path analysis confirmed this proposal in a s le of 490 university students, who completed questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. Emotion regulatory self-efficacy was a salient predictor of self-injury and disordered eating, evidencing both direct and indirect relationships. Self-efficacy to resist each of the behaviours was uniquely related to its target behaviour. We discuss these findings, outlining the implications for a theoretical understanding of emotion-regulatory behaviours, and offer suggestions for prevention and early intervention initiatives.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-04-2017
DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2017.1309068
Abstract: A small but growing body of literature indicates that children with dyslexia are at elevated risk of internalising and externalising mental health problems. However, little research addresses why this might be the case, particularly from the point of view of the children or their parents. This study therefore aimed to explore the lived experiences of children with dyslexia, and their parents. Drawing on a phenomenological approach, 13 children with dyslexia and 21 parents were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews were analysed thematically. Dyslexia was seen to impact at the in idual, family and community level. Children's accounts of their experiences were ecologically situated at both the micro and mesosystem levels of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, while parent's accounts extended to include the exosystem. Both also reflected on "difference", a theme related to cultural and attitudinal views at the level of the macrosystem. Presentation of the themes contrasts the experiences of children and parents, illustrating that the experience of dyslexia is indicative of broader challenges associated with societal values and attitudes that privilege perceived ability and shame difference. This study provides information that could be used to inform and educate families and teachers about the impact of living with dyslexia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2018.06.033
Abstract: Theoretical and empirical literature suggests that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an important correlate of suicide risk. The present study was designed to evaluate: (a) whether NSSI is associated with increased odds of subsequent onsets of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) independent of common mental disorders, (b) whether NSSI is associated with increased risk of transitioning from suicide ideation to attempt, and (c) which NSSI characteristics are associated with STB after NSSI. Using discrete-time survival models, based on retrospective age of onset reports from college students (n = 6,393, 56.8% female), we examined associations of temporally prior NSSI with subsequent STB (i.e., suicide ideation, plan, and attempt) controlling mental disorders (i.e., MDD, Broad Mania, GAD, Panic Disorder, and risk for Alcohol Dependence). NSSI characteristics associated with subsequent STB were examined using logistic regressions. NSSI was associated with increased odds of subsequent suicide ideation (OR = 2.8), plan (OR = 3.0), and attempt (OR = 5.5) in models that controlled for the distribution of mental disorders. Further analyses revealed that NSSI was associated with increased risk of transitioning to a plan among those with ideation, as well as attempt among those with a plan (ORs = 1.7-2.1). Several NSSI characteristics (e.g., automatic positive reinforcement, earlier onset NSSI) were associated with increased odds of experiencing STB. Surveys relied on self-report, and thus, there is the potential for recall bias. This study provides support for the conceptualization of NSSI as a risk factor for STB. Investigation of the underlying pathways accounting for these time-ordered associations is an important avenue for future research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-7610.2011.02459.X
Abstract: By 2008, 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa were orphaned by AIDS. Cross-sectional studies show psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children, but until now no longitudinal study has explored enduring psychological effects of AIDS-orphanhood in the developing world. A 4-year longitudinal follow-up of AIDS-orphaned children with control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. 1021 children (M = 13.4 years, 50% female, 98% isiXhosa-speaking) were interviewed in 2005 and followed up in 2009 with 71% retention (49% female, M = 16.9 years), in poor urban South African settlements. Children were interviewed using sociodemographic questionnaires and well-validated standardised scales for assessing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Data were analysed using mixed-design ANOVA and backward-stepping regression. AIDS-orphaned children showed higher depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores in both 2005 and 2009 when compared with other-orphans and non-orphans. Backward-stepping regression, controlling for baseline mental health, and sociodemographic cofactors such as age, gender, and type of bereavement, revealed that being AIDS-orphaned in 2005 was associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores in 2009. This was not the case for other-orphaned or non-orphaned children. Age interacted with orphan status, such that there was a steep rise in psychological distress in the AIDS-orphaned group, but no rise with age amongst other-orphans and non-orphans. Negative mental health outcomes amongst AIDS-orphaned children are maintained and worsen over a 4-year period. It is important that psychosocial support programmes are sustained, and focus on youth as well as young children.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-01-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-02-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-02-2023
DOI: 10.1002/DYS.1733
Abstract: Parents of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for parenting stress and mental health concerns. Our aim was to explore the emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia in Australia from parents' perspectives. In so doing, we also developed an understanding of parents' own mental health and support needs informed by their lived experience. Seventeen interviews with mothers of children (9–14 years 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach. Five themes were developed to address our aim: Theme 1: Years in the wilderness: Life before diagnosis 2: “I struggle at times to see her struggle” 3. School struggles: Advocating for our children and managing distress 4. “It's a full‐time job” and a “long slog” 5: Care for the carer: Social support and coping strategies. Our analysis suggests that mothers of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for mental health concerns. Specifically, chronic worry and stress, secondary distress, challenges to parenting self‐efficacy, and lack of support and understanding (feeling isolated) were highlighted as plausible risk factors. Mothers described coping strategies at the community level (e.g., school connectedness) and at the in idual level (e.g., “acceptance”) as protective.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 18-06-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291721002245
Abstract: Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an issue of major concern to colleges worldwide, we lack detailed information about the epidemiology of NSSI among college students. The objectives of this study were to present the first cross-national data on the prevalence of NSSI and NSSI disorder among first-year college students and its association with mental disorders. Data come from a survey of the entering class in 24 colleges across nine countries participating in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative assessed in web-based self-report surveys (20 842 first-year students). Using retrospective age-of-onset reports, we investigated time-ordered associations between NSSI and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-IV) mood (major depressive and bipolar disorder), anxiety (generalized anxiety and panic disorder), and substance use disorders (alcohol and drug use disorder). NSSI lifetime and 12-month prevalence were 17.7% and 8.4%. A positive screen of 12-month DSM-5 NSSI disorder was 2.3%. Of those with lifetime NSSI, 59.6% met the criteria for at least one mental disorder. Temporally primary lifetime mental disorders predicted subsequent onset of NSSI [median odds ratio (OR) 2.4], but these primary lifetime disorders did not consistently predict 12-month NSSI among respondents with lifetime NSSI. Conversely, even after controlling for pre-existing mental disorders, NSSI consistently predicted later onset of mental disorders (median OR 1.8) as well as 12-month persistence of mental disorders among students with a generalized anxiety disorder (OR 1.6) and bipolar disorder (OR 4.6). NSSI is common among first-year college students and is a behavioral marker of various common mental disorders.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/DYS.1738
Abstract: Poor readers have lower academic achievement and increased anxiety, including reading anxiety, which may perpetuate lower academic achievement. We explored reading anxiety in university students, investigating whether the association between reading ability and academic achievement is mediated by reading anxiety (independent of general anxiety). Participants were students ( n = 169, 69% female, age = 20.70) at an Australian university who completed an online reading assessment (decoding skills, phonological awareness, orthographical knowledge and comprehension), and a survey examining reading anxiety, trait anxiety and self‐reported reading history. Academic achievement was based on university grades. Two reading anxiety factors (social and non‐social) were identified both factors were distinct from trait anxiety. Reading ability was negatively correlated with reading anxiety and positively correlated with academic achievement. Reading anxiety was not correlated with academic achievement and it did not mediate the relationship between reading ability and academic achievement as expected. As this was the first study to explore reading anxiety in adults, further research is required to determine the impact reading anxiety may have on university students beyond academic achievement.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1983492
Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage of one's own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. Research suggests that in iduals engage in NSSI as a means of regulating their emotions and that NSSI is associated with emotion regulation difficulties. There is also evidence supporting the role of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. However, it is unclear how these factors work together to explain NSSI. To explore whether the relationships between five NSSI-specific outcome expectancies and NSSI history are moderated by emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. 1002 participants ( Emotion regulation difficulties were associated with NSSI, as was expecting NSSI to regulate affect. Conversely, expectations of communication and/or pain, as well as self-efficacy to resist NSSI were negatively associated with NSSI. Expectancies also interacted with both difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy to resist NSSI in predicting self-injury. For ex le, the association between expectations of affect regulation and self-injury was weaker when associated with greater self-efficacy to resist NSSI. These findings provide support for considering NSSI-specific cognitions in concert with emotion regulation when understanding NSSI.HighlightsOutcome expectancies can differentiate people based on NSSI history.Emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI moderate the relationships between outcome expectancies and NSSI history.Emotion regulation difficulties and low self-efficacy to resist NSSI work together to predict NSSI history.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-01-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-06-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-09-2018
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1468836
Abstract: We investigated whether rumination and self-compassion moderate and/or mediate the relationships between negative affect and both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation. Undergraduate university students (n = 415) completed well-validated measures of negative affect, rumination, self-compassion, NSSI, and suicide ideation. Neither rumination nor self-compassion moderated associations between negative affect and NSSI and suicide ideation. However, both rumination and self-compassion mediated associations between negative affect and lifetime history of NSSI and suicide ideation. Self-compassion additionally mediated the association between negative affect and both 12-month NSSI and suicide ideation. The salience of self-compassion, particularly in predicting recent NSSI and suicide ideation, offers promise for early intervention initiatives focusing on less judgmental or self-critical means of self-relation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2018.08.061
Abstract: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage to one's bodily tissue without suicidal intent. The Emotional Cascade Model proposes NSSI functions as a distraction from 'cascades' of intense affect and rumination. Low distress tolerance is one factor thought to potentially lify these cascades but has yet to be empirically tested. Using the Emotional Cascade Model as a framework, we investigated the moderating roles of rumination and distress tolerance in the relationship between affect intensity and NSSI. A s le of 400 university students between the ages of 17 and 62 years (M = 21.02, SD = 5.32) completed well-validated measures of NSSI, affect intensity, rumination, and distress tolerance. As expected, rumination was associated with history of NSSI but only among in iduals who reported high levels of distress tolerance. Further, affect intensity was positively associated with NSSI frequency, but only at low levels of rumination and distress tolerance. These results provide promising insight into potential prevention and intervention initiatives that may target rumination and distress tolerance to reduce the likelihood and frequency of self-injury.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2015.03.001
Abstract: This is the first known prospective study of child suicidal behavior in sub-Saharan Africa. Aims were to determine whether (1) cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predicts later suicidality and (2) heightened risks are mediated by mental health disorder and drug/alcohol misuse. Longitudinal repeated interviews were conducted 1 year apart (97% retention) with 3,515 adolescents aged 10-18 years in South Africa (56% female 5 ACEs (cumulative odds ratio [OR], 2.46 confidence interval [CI], 1.00-6.05) for suicide planning, from 2.4% to 12.5% (cumulative OR, 4.40 CI, 2.08-9.29) and for suicide ideation, from 4.2% to 15.6% (cumulative OR, 2.99 CI, 1.68-5.53). Preventing and mitigating childhood adversities have the potential to reduce suicidality. Among adolescents already exposed to adversities, effective mental health services may buffer against future suicidality.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-11-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291722003178
Abstract: Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is known typically to begin in adolescence, longitudinal information is lacking about patterns, predictors, and clinical outcomes of NSSI persistence among emerging adults. The present study was designed to (1) estimate NSSI persistence during the college period, (2) identify risk factors and high-risk students for NSSI persistence patterns, and (3) evaluate the association with future mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Using prospective cohorts from the Leuven College Surveys ( n = 5915), part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, web-based surveys assessed mental health and psychosocial problems at college entrance and three annual follow-up assessments. Approximately one in five (20.4%) students reported lifetime NSSI at college entrance. NSSI persistence was estimated at 56.4%, with 15.6% reporting a high-frequency repetitive pattern (≥five times yearly). Many hypothesized risk factors were associated with repetitive NSSI persistence, with the most potent effects observed for pre-college NSSI characteristics. Multivariate models suggest that an intervention focusing on the 10–20% at the highest predicted risk could effectively reach 34.9–56.7% of students with high-frequency repetitive NSSI persistence (PPV = 81.8–93.4, AUC = 0.88–0.91). Repetitive NSSI persistence during the first two college years predicted 12-month mental disorders, role impairment, and STB during the third college year, including suicide attempts. Most emerging adults with a history of NSSI report persistent self-injury during their college years. Web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting students at risk for a highly persistent NSSI pattern characterized by subsequent adverse outcomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.2635
Abstract: The current study tested whether emotion regulation and rumination moderated and/or mediated the relationship between accumulated adverse life experience and psychological distress in adolescence. In class, Australian high school students (n = 2637, 12-18 years, 68% female) from 41 schools completed well-validated measures of adverse life experience, emotion regulation, rumination and psychological distress, and were followed up 1 year later (n = 1973, 75% retention rate). Adjusting for age, gender and baseline psychological distress, adverse life experience predicted psychological distress 1 year later. Expressive suppression and rumination were positively associated with psychological distress. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with psychological distress and moderated the relationship between adverse life experience and psychological distress. This relationship was also partially mediated by cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression and rumination. Promoting cognitive reappraisal and minimizing expressive suppression and rumination may be useful strategies to improve mental health for adolescents who have experienced adverse life events. Future research should examine whether adolescents who have experienced adverse life events can be trained in effective emotion regulation strategies and whether this training can prevent development of psychological maladjustment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2023
DOI: 10.1002/DYS.1729
Abstract: Children with dyslexia, compared with typically reading peers, are at increased risk of internalising (e.g., anxiety) and externalising (e.g., aggression) mental health concerns why this is the case is largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the socio‐emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia from both child and parent perspectives. In so doing, we aimed to gain a better understanding of self‐esteem and mental health in the context of dyslexia. One‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews with 17 children with reading difficulties (aged 9–14 years 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) and their mothers (interviewed separately) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach with a neuro ersity lens. We developed three themes to address the research aim: (1) Different in a good/bad way (2) Exhausted and overwhelmed and (3) It takes a community: Family school connections. Children discussed having “worries” and experiencing school‐related stress and embarrassment. Mothers perceived children's internalising and externalising behaviour (meltdowns), school refusal, and homework resistance as emotional responses to children's school struggles due to poor “person‐environment fit.” Our analysis highlights the particular importance of parent support, friendship, and school‐connectedness for the wellbeing of children with dyslexia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.VISRES.2015.08.001
Abstract: This research investigated the relationship between the attentional blink (AB) and reading in typical adults. The AB is a deficit in the processing of the second of two rapidly presented targets when it occurs in close temporal proximity to the first target. Specifically, this experiment examined whether the AB was related to both phonological and sight-word reading abilities, and whether the relationship was mediated by accuracy on a single-target rapid serial visual processing task (single-target accuracy). Undergraduate university students completed a battery of tests measuring reading ability, non-verbal intelligence, and rapid automatised naming, in addition to rapid serial visual presentation tasks in which they were required to identify either two (AB task) or one (single target task) target/s (outlined shapes: circle, square, diamond, cross, and triangle) in a stream of random-dot distractors. The duration of the AB was related to phonological reading (n=41, β=-0.43): participants who exhibited longer ABs had poorer phonemic decoding skills. The AB was not related to sight-word reading. Single-target accuracy did not mediate the relationship between the AB and reading, but was significantly related to AB depth (non-linear fit, R(2)=.50): depth reflects the maximal cost in T2 reporting accuracy in the AB. The differential relationship between the AB and phonological versus sight-word reading implicates common resources used for phonemic decoding and target consolidation, which may be involved in cognitive control. The relationship between single-target accuracy and the AB is discussed in terms of cognitive preparation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-014-9888-3
Abstract: Bullying victimisation has been prospectively linked with mental health problems among children and adolescents in longitudinal studies in the developed world. However, research from the developing world, where adolescents face multiple risks to social and emotional development, has been limited by cross-sectional designs. This is the first longitudinal study of the psychological impacts of bullying victimisation in South Africa. The primary aim was to examine prospective relationships between bullying victimisation and internalising and externalising symptoms in South African youth. Secondary aims were to examine gender and age-related differences in experiences of bullying victimisation. Children and adolescents (10-17 years, 57 % female, n = 3,515) from high HIV-prevalent (>30 %) communities in South Africa were interviewed and followed-up 1 year later (97 % retention). Census enumeration areas were randomly selected from urban and rural sites in two provinces and door-to-door s ling included all households with a resident child/adolescent. Exposure to multiple experiences of bullying victimisation at baseline predicted internalising symptoms and conduct problems 1 year later. Additionally, baseline mental health scores predicted later bullying victimisation, demonstrating bi-directionality of relationships between bullying victimisation and mental health outcomes in this s le. Expected gender differences in physical, verbal, and relational bullying victimisation were evident and predicted declines in bullying victimisation over time were observed. In the developed world, school-based anti-bullying programmes have been shown to be effective in reducing bullying and victimisation. Anti-bullying programmes should be implemented and rigorously evaluated in South Africa, as this may promote improved mental health among South African children and adolescents.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-02-2012
Abstract: Research has established that AIDS-orphaned youth are at high risk of internalizing psychological distress. However, little is known about youth living with caregivers who are unwell with AIDS or youth simultaneously affected by AIDS-orphanhood and caregiver AIDS sickness. 1025 South African youth were interviewed in 2005 and followed up in 2009 (71% retention). Participants completed standardized measures of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Comparison groups were youth who were AIDS-orphaned, other-orphaned, and nonorphaned, and those whose caregivers were sick with AIDS, sick with another disease, or healthy. Longitudinal analyses showed that both AIDS-orphanhood and caregiver AIDS sickness predicted increased depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms over a 4-year period, independently of sociodemographic cofactors and of each other. Caregiver sickness or death by non-AIDS causes, and having a healthy or living caregiver, did not predict youth symptomatology. Youths simultaneously affected by caregiver AIDS sickness and AIDS-orphanhood showed cumulative negative effects. Findings suggest that policy and interventions, currently focused on orphanhood, should include youth whose caregivers are unwell with AIDS.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-11-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0277317
Abstract: Stigma can be experienced as perceived or actual disqualification from social and institutional acceptance on the basis of one or more physical, behavioural or other attributes deemed to be undesirable. Long Covid is a predominantly multisystem condition that occurs in people with a history of SARSCoV2 infection, often resulting in functional disability. This study aimed to develop and validate a Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS) and to quantify the burden of Long Covid stigma. Data from the follow-up of a co-produced community-based Long Covid online survey using convenience non-probability s ling was used. Thirteen questions on stigma were designed to develop the LCSS capturing three domains–enacted (overt experiences of discrimination), internalised (internalising negative associations with Long Covid and accepting them as self-applicable) and anticipated (expectation of bias oor treatment by others) stigma. Confirmatory factor analysis tested whether LCSS consisted of the three hypothesised domains. Model fit was assessed and prevalence was calculated. 966 UK-based participants responded (888 for stigma questions), with mean age 48 years (SD: 10.7) and 85% female. Factor loadings for enacted stigma were 0.70–0.86, internalised 0.75–0.84, anticipated 0.58–0.87, and model fit was good. The prevalence of experiencing stigma at least ‘sometimes’ and ‘often/always’ was 95% and 76% respectively. Anticipated and internalised stigma were more frequently experienced than enacted stigma. Those who reported having a clinical diagnosis of Long Covid had higher stigma prevalence than those without. This study establishes a scale to measure Long Covid stigma and highlights common experiences of stigma in people living with Long Covid.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.23336
Abstract: Due to cognitive and emotional differences between in iduals who have and have not stopped self‐injuring, we explored these in the context of desire to stop. Australian university students ( n = 374) completed cognitive and emotional measures. Comparisons were made between those who had self‐injured in the past 12 months and those who had not, and between in iduals who reported wanting to stop self‐injuring and those who did not. Approximately 20% of participants did not want to stop self‐injuring. Cognitive emotional factors (psychological distress, self‐efficacy to resist, difficulties regulating emotion, interpersonal functions, and outcome expectancies) differentiated in iduals who had and had not stopped, but could not explain differences in desire to stop. Factors associated with desire to stop are not the same as factors underlying behavioural cessation. Motivational approaches to changes in self‐injurious behaviour would be beneficial for clinicians and their clients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JOPY.12563
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2023
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2020
Funder: Australian Rotary Health
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2023
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2024
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2019
Funder: Australian Rotary Health
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2018
Funder: Department of Health, Government of Western Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 2017
Funder: Nuffield Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2021
Funder: Wellcome Trust
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2011
End Date: 2013
Funder: John Fell Fund, University of Oxford
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2013
Funder: Claude Leon Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2017
Funder: Healthway
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 03-2020
End Date: 03-2024
Amount: $278,399.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity