ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7786-4128
Current Organisation
Curtin University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Education Systems | Early Childhood Education (excl. Māori) | Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies | Industrial and Organisational Psychology | Psychology | Public Health and Health Services | Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety | Community Child Health | Educational Technology and Computing | Health Promotion | Organisational Behaviour | Computer-Human Interaction
Teaching and Instruction Technologies | School/Institution Community and Environment | Learner Development | Behaviour and Health | Expanding Knowledge in Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services | Child Health | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Rail Safety | Occupational Health | Expanding Knowledge in Technology |
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2001
Abstract: This paper reports on a study of environments in emerging Internet classrooms. At issue for this study is to what extent these 'technological classrooms' are providing a positive learning environment for students. To investigate this issue, this study involved an evaluation of the physical and psychosocial environments in computerized school settings through a combination of questionnaires and inventories that were later cross-referenced to case studies on a subset of these classrooms. Data were obtained from a series of physical evaluations of 43 settings in 24 school locations in British Columbia, Canada and Western Australia. Evaluations consisted of detailed inventories of the physical environment using the Computerised Classroom Environment Inventory (CCEI): an instrument developed specifically for this study. Data on psychosocial aspects of the environment were obtained with the What is Happening in this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire administered to 1404 high school students making routine use of these computerized classrooms. Potential deficiencies in the physical environment of these locations included problems with in idual workspaces, lighting and air quality, whereas deficiencies in the psychosocial environment were confined to the dimension of Autonomy. Further analysis of these classroom environment data indicated that student Autonomy and Task orientation were independently associated with students' Satisfaction with learning and that many physical (e.g. lighting and workspace dimensions) and psychosocial factors (e.g. students' perceptions of Co-operation and Collaboration) were also associated. The results provide a descriptive account of the learning environment in 'technology-rich' classrooms and, further, indicate that ergonomic guidelines used in the implementation of IT in classrooms may have a positive influence on the learning environment.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-11-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098375
Abstract: Undertake a systematic critical appraisal of contemporary clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for common musculoskeletal (MSK) pain conditions: spinal (lumbar, thoracic and cervical), hip/knee (including osteoarthritis) and shoulder. Systematic review of CPGs (PROSPERO number: CRD42016051653). Included CPGs were written in English, developed within the last 5 years, focused on adults and described development processes. Excluded CPGs were for: traumatic MSK pain, single modalities (eg, surgery), traditional healing/medicine, specific disease processes (eg, inflammatory arthropathies) or those that required payment. Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Physiotherapy Evidence Database) and four guideline repositories. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument was used for critical appraisal. 4664 records were identified, and 34 CPGs were included. Most were for osteoarthritis (n=12) or low back pain (n=11), most commonly from the USA (n=12). The mean overall AGREE II score was 45% (SD=19.7). Lowest mean domain scores were for applicability (26%, SD=19.5) and editorial independence (33%, SD=27.5). The highest score was for scope and purpose (72%, SD=14.3). Only 8 of 34 CPGS were high quality: for osteoarthritis (n=4), low back pain (n=2), neck (n=1) and shoulder pain (n=1).
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-08-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-01-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-01-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12263
Abstract: Little is known about overweight adolescent dietary consumption patterns, with challenges to collecting meaningful data making it difficult to develop targeted obesity interventions. The present study aimed to examine the timing and consumption of fruit, vegetables and junk food by time of the day and day of the week. Overweight adolescents (n = 61), aged 12-16 years, completed 3-day food records. Negative binomial and binary logistic regression using generalised estimating equations were used to compare the amount and likelihood of the consumption of each food group between time periods. Overweight adolescent girls were more likely to eat fruit on weekdays than weekends [odds ratio (OR) = 5.0. P < 0.001], as were boys (OR = 2.5, P = 0.034). Adolescents consumed more fruit at school than other meals [girls: incident rate ratio (IRR) = 7.5, P < 0.001 boys: IRR = 4.0, P = 0.050]. Weekday dinner was the meal where girls were most likely to consume vegetables (OR = 3.0, P = 0.009) and when boys consumed the most vegetables (IRR = 30.9, P = 0.006). Fast food consumption was most likely for girls at dinner on the weekend (OR = 9.6, P = 0.042), whereas fast food intake for boys increased overall on the weekend (IRR = 3.6, P = 0.001). Intake of 'other junk' (e.g. crisps) peaked during school hours for girls (IRR = 7.2, P < 0.001) and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption increased for boys on the weekend (IRR = 3.3, P = 0.001). Overall, trends in fruit intake showed opposing times for high and low consumption compared to vegetable intake. These results represent the next step in using time of day and day of week consumption patterns to develop targeted, evidence-based dietary messages for interventions in overweight adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00198-014-2665-X
Abstract: The relationships between fat mass and bone mass in young adults are unclear. In 1,183 young Australians, lean body mass had a strong positive relationship with total body bone mass in both genders. Fat mass was a positive predictor of total body bone mass in females, with weaker association in males. Body weight and lean body mass are established as major determinants of bone mass, but the relationships between fat mass (including visceral fat) and peak bone mass in young adults are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between bone mass in young adults and three body composition measurements: lean body mass, fat mass and trunk-to-limb fat mass ratio (a surrogate measure of visceral fat). Study participants were 574 women and 609 men aged 19-22 years from the Raine study. Body composition, total body bone mineral content (TBBMC), bone area and areal bone mineral density (TBBMD) were measured using DXA. In multivariate linear regression models with height, lean body mass, fat mass and trunk-to-limb fat mass ratio as predictor variables, lean mass was uniquely associated with the largest proportion of variance of TBBMC and TBBMD in males (semi-partial R(2) 0.275 and 0.345, respectively) and TBBMC in females (semi-partial R(2) 0.183). Fat mass was a more important predictor of TBBMC and TBBMD in females (semi-partial R(2) 0.126 and 0.039, respectively) than males (semi-partial R(2) 0.006 and 0.018, respectively). Trunk-to-limb fat mass ratio had a weak, negative association with TBBMC and bone area in both genders (semi-partial R(2) 0.004 to 0.034). Lean body mass has strong positive relationship with total body bone mass in both genders. Fat mass may play a positive role in peak bone mass attainment in women but the association was weaker in men different fat compartments may have different effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00223-023-01075-2
Abstract: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is an emerging screening method for identifying likely adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Using DEXA in an unbiased population s le (the Raine Study), we aimed to report the inter-rater reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC 95 ) for scoliosis curve angle measurement, identify likely AIS prevalence, and the concordance between reported AIS diagnosis and DEXA-identified likely AIS. Scoliosis curve angles were measured using the modified Ferguson method on DEXA scans ( n = 1238) at age 20 years. For curve angle inter-rater reliability, two examiners measured angles (6–40°) on 41 scans. Likely, AIS was determined with quantitative and qualitative criteria (modified Ferguson angles ≥ 10° and expert review of spinal curves).The inter-rater reliability for scoliosis curve angle measurement was good–excellent (ICC: 0.82 95% CI: 0.71–0.89 p 0.001), and MDC 95 was 6.2°. The prevalence of likely AIS was 2.1% (26/1238). Diagnosis of AIS was reported despite little or no scoliosis curve ( 3.8°) for 20 participants (1.6%), and diagnosis of AIS was not reported despite scoliosis curve ≥ 10° for 11 participants (0.9%). Results support the use of modified Ferguson method to measure scoliosis curve angles on DEXA. There is potential utility for using a combination of quantitative measurement and qualitative criteria to evaluate DEXA images, to identify likely AIS for reporting prevalence. Without formal school screening, the analysis of DEXA in this population s le suggested that relying on current health professional diagnosis alone could result in 2.5% of this cohort being at risk of false positive diagnosis or delay in necessary management due to non-diagnosis of AIS.
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-11-2022
DOI: 10.1002/EJP.1878
Abstract: Spinal pain (SP), including neck and back pain, is common and often associated with poor mental health and reduced quality of life of adolescents. Contemporary understanding of SP favours a biopsychosocial approach, and emerging evidence suggests the stronger influence of psychological rather than other factors. We aimed to investigate if experiencing psychological distress in early childhood increases the risk of spinal pain with impact during adolescence. 1175 adolescents from a prospective cohort study (Raine Study Gen2) were included. Psychological distress was assessed at ages 2, 5, 8 and 10 using Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL). CBCL total and subscale scores (internalizing and externalizing symptoms) were converted to age‐standardized scores and dichotomized according to t‐scores ( =high distress). Life‐time spinal pain, including low back, mid back, or neck/shoulder, was measured at age 17. We were interested in adolescent SP with impact (care seeking, medication use, school absenteeism, daily activity interference, leisure activity interference) and defined cases as SP with impact (one or more) or greater impact (two or more) impacts. We investigated the longitudinal associations between childhood psychological distress and adolescent SP using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Psychological distress in childhood increased the odds of adolescent SP with impact by 33% (OR 1.33 95% CI 1.01–1.76), but not spinal pain with greater impact (OR 1.22 95% 0.83–1.80). Internalizing symptoms were associated with SP with greater impact and externalizing symptoms with SP with impact after adjusting for a range of potential child and family confounders. Psychological distress in childhood increases the risk of SP with impact in adolescence and may be a promising prevention target. Our findings provide evidence that psychological distress early in life is an independent risk factor for spinal pain with impact during adolescence. As psychological distress during childhood is potentially modifiable, it may be a promising target for research on the prevention of consequential spinal pain in adolescence. Identifying and addressing psychological distress in children may be an important component of best practice to reduce consequential spinal pain in adolescents.
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 07-2011
Abstract: Cross-sectional investigation. To explore the relationship between back muscle endurance (BME) and a range of familial, physical, lifestyle, and psychosocial variables in adolescents and young adults. There is evidence that low back pain interventions which focus on improved BME are effective. However, the mechanisms associated with BME performance in adolescents and young adults are largely unclear. In particular, the potential familial relationship between parents and their children remains unexplored. This study utilized a subset of participants from the Joondalup Spinal Health Study cohort. One hundred nine children (47 boys, 62 girls) and 101 parents (39 fathers, 62 mothers) completed a series of physical, lifestyle, and psychosocial assessments. The univariable relationship between each covariate and BME was explored. Those found to have an association with child BME (P<.2) were included in an initial multivariable model and sequentially removed, until all remaining covariates were statistically significant (P<.05). Mothers' BME performance was related to children's performance, accounting for 14.4% of the variance in the children's BME. Fathers' BME performance had a similar, albeit nonsignificant effect. Children's sitting trunk angle, pain sensitivity, percent trunk fat, waist girth, and body mass index were associated with their BME performance, accounting for between 5.2% and 20.9% of BME. The final multivariable model, including mother's BME, percent trunk fat, and sitting trunk angle, explained 28% of the variance in BME performance, suggesting that for successful BME intervention a range of multidimensional variables should be considered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-6870(01)00043-6
Abstract: Poor neck and shoulder postures have been suggested to be a cause of neck and shoulder pain in computer workers. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the head, neck and shoulder postures of office workers with and without symptoms in these regions, in their actual work environments. The two all female subject groups reported significantly different discomfort scores across five trials repeated in a single working day. The results of repeated video capture and two-dimensional motion analysis showed that there were trends for increased head tilt and neck flexion postures in the symptomatic subjects (n = 8), compared to the asymptomatic subjects (n = 8). Symptomatic subjects also tended to have more protracted acromions compared with asymptomatic subjects and showed greater movement excursions in the head segment and the acromion. All subjects demonstrated an approximately 10% increase in forward head posture from their relaxed sitting postures when working with the computer display, but there were no significant changes in posture as a result of time-at-work.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00198-008-0719-7
Abstract: Bone health is generally not considered in patients who present with chronic back pain. Nonetheless, bone health and back pain share common genetic and environmental correlates suggesting a co-dependence. Evidence exists for a relationship between back pain and impaired bone health. Here we present the evidence, theoretic framework and clinical relevance. Bone health and back pain are important determinants of musculoskeletal health. Back pain experienced in youth is a risk factor for future back pain, while suboptimal bone health during development increases the risk of skeletal fragility in later life. Generally, bone health is not considered in patients with chronic back pain who do not demonstrate other well-recognised bone health risk factors or associated conditions. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that back pain and impaired bone health share common environmental and genetic correlates, indicating that bone health ought to be considered in the context of back pain in otherwise healthy in iduals. This review describes the likely mechanisms explaining the relationship between back pain and impaired bone health, evidence concerning the relationship and suggestions for future research. A narrative literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases. A history of back pain is associated with decreased bone mineral density in adults, yet this tends to be site-specific. No studies were identified examining this association in youth, yet the negative effects of childhood skeletal trauma and obesity on bone and spinal health provide indirect evidence for an association. Further research is required to clarify the impact of back pain on bone health at different lifespan stages using prospective cohort designs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2015.1029514
Abstract: High impact forces during gymnastic landings are thought to contribute to the high rate of injuries. Lower limb joint flexion is currently limited within gymnastic rules, yet might be an avenue for reduced force absorption. This study investigated whether lower limb flexion during three gymnastic landings was related to force. Differences between landings were also explored. Twenty-one elite women's artistic gymnasts performed three common gymnastic techniques: drop landing (DL), front and back somersaults. Ankle, knee, and hip angles, and vertical ground reaction force [(vGRF) magnitude and time to peak], were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis and force platform. The DL had significantly smaller peak vGRF, greater time to peak vGRF and larger lower limb flexion ranges than landing from either somersault. Peak vGRF and time to peak vGRF were inversely related. Peak vGRF was significantly reduced in gymnasts who landed with greater hip flexion, and time to peak was significantly increased with increasing ankle, knee, and hip flexion. Increased range of lower limb flexion should be encouraged during gymnastic landings to increase time to peak vGRF and reduce high impact force. For this purpose, judging criteria limitations on lower limb flexion should be reconsidered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2008.05.001
Abstract: Past research on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) has frequently examined the activity of neck-shoulder muscles such as upper trapezius (UT) and cervical erector spinae (CES) during typing tasks. Increased electromyographic activity in these postural stabilising muscles has been consistently found in chronic neck pain patients under different physically stressful conditions. The present study compared muscle activity when female office workers with chronic neck pain (n=39) and asymptomatic controls (n=34) adopted two resting postures: (1) with hands on laps versus and (2) hands on a keyboard. Resting hands on keyboard elicited significantly increased muscle activity in the right UT of subjects with high discomforts (n=22), similar to that observed during actual typing. In contrast, the asymptomatic controls showed no difference in muscle activity between the resting postures. This result suggested that altered muscle activation patterns were triggered by some anticipatory task demand associated with a task-specific position in some in iduals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2018.01.011
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that while leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) promotes general health, engaging in occupational physical activity (OPA) may have negative health consequences. It has been hypothesized that the different health effects from OPA and LTPA can be explained by differences in physical activity (PA) intensity in these two domains. To assess the intensity of OPA and LTPA, we aimed to study the percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR) during similar types of OPA and LTPA during workdays. Data from the NOMAD study on Danish blue-collar workers (n=124) with objective measurements of PA (using accelerometers) and heart rate (using heart rate monitors) for 4 workdays were analysed. Activities of sitting, standing, moving, walking, and stair climbing were identified and %HRR in each of these activities was determined for work and leisure. %HRR was significantly higher during OPA than LTPA. These differences were more pronounced in men than in women. Although not statistically significant in the fully adjusted model, we found indications that these differences were more pronounced in those with low compared to high fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first study with objective measurements showing that %HRR is higher during the same gross-body postural activities when performed at work compared to leisure-time during workdays. This elevated intensity may help explaining the negative health consequences of engagement in high levels of OPA. Future guidelines should distinguish OPA from LTPA, possibly by advising workers to remain active during their leisure time, in particular when they are highly active at work.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.12680
Abstract: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). Given the evidence for the health benefits associated with participating in 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA each week, there is considerable interest in methods to increase PA in people with COPD. Studies to date have focused largely on exercise training and behavioural approaches, and many have demonstrated minimal, if any effect. An intermediate goal that focuses on reducing time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing participation in light intensity PA is a more realistic goal in this population and offers a gateway to higher intensity PA. Although strategies that are capable of reducing time spent in SB in COPD are unknown, studies that have shown some increase in PA in this population often provide in idualized goal setting, motivational interviewing and frequent contact with health-care professionals to provide advice regarding strategies to overcome barriers. Therefore, these approaches should be considered in interventions to reduce time in SB. There are a range of devices available to monitor time in SB for use in both clinical and research settings. To move this area forward, a theoretically informed and systematic approach to behaviour change is needed. The theoretical model, the 'behaviour change wheel', is described and an ex le is provided of how it can be applied to a person with COPD.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.1123/PES.19.4.459
Abstract: This study compared the cardiovascular responses and energy costs of new and traditional screen based entertainments, as played by twenty 9- to 12-year-old children. Playing traditional electronic games resulted in little change to heart rate or energy expenditure compared with watching a DVD. In contrast, playing an active-input game resulted in a 59% increase in heart rate ( p .001) and a 224% increase in energy expenditure ( p .001) for boys and girls. The average heart rate of 130 bpm and energy expenditure of 0.13 kcal · min −1 · kg −1 achieved during active-input game use equates with moderate intensity activities such as basketball and jogging. Active-input electronic games might provide children with opportunities to engage with technology and be physically active at the same time.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-10-2020
Abstract: Childcare workers are reported to have high variation in physical activity during work hours, but also to sit for about half of the workday and have almost no high intensity physical activity (HIPA). No study has investigated if their work can be re-designed to introduce HIPA, thus promoting fitness and health according to the Goldilocks principle. This study investigated the feasibility of designing pedagogical games (‘Goldilocks-games’) intended to lead to more HIPA. Heart rate was measured in nineteen childcare workers during Goldilocks-games, and compared to measurements during a regular workday. Worker perceptions of feasibility, and researcher observations of contextual factors were also collected. The Goldilocks-games (33 min) elicited significantly more HIPA (18/33 min) compared to the most active period of equal length on a regular workday (0.5/33 min). Seventy-four-percent of the childcare workers reported that it was feasible to integrate the Goldilocks-games pedagogically, and seventy-two-percent could see themselves using them. Thus, we found it possible to re-design a work task in childcare according to the Goldilocks principle so that it leads to substantial time with HIPA. The sustainability of Goldilocks-games in childcare, and their effectiveness in improving fitness and health among childcare workers, needs to be tested in further studies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2008
Abstract: Objective: The 3-D posture and muscle activity in the neck and upper limb were assessed in children using high-, mid-, and book-level displays, which correspond to working conditions frequently observed when children interact with computers or books and paper. Background: The 3-D posture and muscle activity of children reading and inputting data with computers and paper had not been previously assessed. Methods: Twenty-four children aged 10 to 12 years and of normal height performed an interactive task involving reading from a book and writing on paper or reading from a computer display and inputting data using a mouse and keyboard. Results: Head and neck flexion increased as the visual target was lowered. The high display resulted in mainly upper cervical relative extension, and the book display resulted in both upper and lower cervical flexion. The book condition resulted in greater cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius activity than did the mid and high conditions. Conclusion: The data suggest that a mid-level display may be more appropriate for children than a high display (e.g., when the display is placed on top of the central processing unit). The mid display also results in a more upright and symmetrical posture and lower mean muscle activity than does working with books and paper flat on the desk. Application: This study provides short-term laboratory study evidence for the formulation of guidelines for workstation design and adjustment for children. Use of computers by children is increasing, yet ergonomic guidelines lag behind those for adults.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-02-2012
Abstract: Prevalence of low back pain (LBP) rises rapidly during adolescence, reaching adult levels by the age of 18. It has been suggested that adolescent LBP is benign with minimal impact, despite limited evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of LBP and the influence of chronicity, gender and presence of other spinal pain comorbidities at age 17. Subjects (n = 1283) were categorised according to experiencing current and chronic LBP, gender and presence of other areas of spinal pain. LBP impact was ascertained via questions regarding seeking professional assistance, using medication, missing school/work, limited normal or recreational physical activity and health related quality of life (HRQOL). 12.3% of participants reported current but not chronic LBP, while 19.9% reported current chronic LBP. LBP was more commonly reported by females than males. Other spinal pain comorbidities were common in the LBP groups. Impact was greater in subjects with chronic LBP, in females and in those with other spinal pain comorbidities. LBP, and particularly chronic LBP, has a significant negative impact at 17 years. It is commonly associated with care seeking, medication use, school absenteeism, and reduced HRQOL. These findings support that adolescent LBP is an important public health issue that requires attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-03-2010
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-09-2018
Abstract: This paper explores changes in musculoskeletal pain among desk-based workers over three months of a workplace-delivered, sitting-reduction intervention. Participants (n = 153, 46% female mean ± SD aged 38.9 ± 8.0 years) were cluster-randomized (n = 18 work teams) to receive an organizational change intervention, with or without an activity tracker. A modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire assessed pain intensity (0–9 none–worst possible) in the neck, upper and lower back, upper and lower extremities, and in total. The activPAL3 (7 days, 24 h/day protocol) measured sitting and prolonged sitting in ≥30 min bouts at work. Mixed models adjusting for cluster and intervention arm examined changes in pain (n = 104), and their associations with reductions in sitting and prolonged sitting (h/10 h at work) (n = 90). Changes in pain were nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.05) and small for total pain (−0.06 [95% CI: −0.27, 0.16]) and for each body area (−0.26 [−0.66, 0.15] for upper back to 0.09 [−0.39, 0.56] for lower back). Sitting reduction was associated with reduced lower back pain (−0.84 [−1.44, −0.25] per hour, p = 0.005) other effects were small and non-significant. No substantial average changes in pain were seen some improvement in lower back pain might be expected with larger sitting reductions. Larger s les and erse interventions are required for more definitive evidence.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-04-2016
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1157215
Abstract: To establish the inter-rater reliability of an observation-based ergonomics assessment checklist for computer workers. A 37-item (38-item if a laptop was part of the workstation) comprehensive observational ergonomics assessment checklist comparable to government guidelines and up to date with empirical evidence was developed. Two trained practitioners assessed full-time office workers performing their usual computer-based work and evaluated the suitability of workstations used. Practitioners assessed each participant consecutively. The order of assessors was randomised, and the second assessor was blinded to the findings of the first. Unadjusted kappa coefficients between the raters were obtained for the overall checklist and subsections that were formed from question-items relevant to specific workstation equipment. Twenty-seven office workers were recruited. The inter-rater reliability between two trained practitioners achieved moderate to good reliability for all except one checklist component. This checklist has mostly moderate to good reliability between two trained practitioners. Practitioner Summary: This reliable ergonomics assessment checklist for computer workers was designed using accessible government guidelines and supplemented with up-to-date evidence. Employers in Queensland (Australia) can fulfil legislative requirements by using this reliable checklist to identify and subsequently address potential risk factors for work-related injury to provide a safe working environment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPHYS.2014.05.005
Abstract: Is exposure to non-music-related activities associated with playing-related musculoskeletal problems in young instrumentalists? Is non-music-activity-related soreness associated with playing-related musculoskeletal problems in this group of instrumentalists? Observational study using a questionnaire and physical measures. 859 instrumentalists aged 7 to 17 years from the School of Instrumental Music program. Of the 731 respondents who completed the questionnaire adequately, 412 (56%) experienced instrument-playing problems 219 (30%) had symptoms severe enough to interfere with normal playing. Children commonly reported moderate exposure to non-music-related activities, such as watching television (61%), vigorous physical activity (57%), writing (51%) and computer use (45%). Greater exposure to any non-music activity was not associated with playing problems, with odds ratios ranging from 1.01 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.5) for watching television to 2.08 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.3) for intensive hand activities. Four hundred and seventy eight (65%) children reported soreness related to non-music activities, such as vigorous physical activity (52%), writing (40%), computer use (28%), intensive hand activities (22%), electronic game use (17%) and watching television (15%). Non-music-activity-related soreness was significantly associated with instrument playing problems, adjusting for gender and age, with odds ratios ranging from 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9) for soreness whilst watching television, to 4.3 (95% CI 2.6 to 7.1) for soreness during intensive hand activities. Non-music-activity-related soreness co-occurs significantly with playing problems in young instrumentalists. The finding of significant co-occurrence of music and non-music-related soreness in respondents in this study suggests that intervention targets for young instrumentalists could include risk factors previously identified in the general child and adolescent population, as well as music-specific risk factors. This is an important consideration for the assessment and management of the musculoskeletal health of young musicians.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-03-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2018-099878
Abstract: To identify common recommendations for high-quality care for the most common musculoskeletal (MSK) pain sites encountered by clinicians in emergency and primary care (spinal (lumbar, thoracic and cervical), hip/knee (including osteoarthritis [OA] and shoulder) from contemporary, high-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Systematic review, critical appraisal and narrative synthesis of MSK pain CPG recommendations. Included MSK pain CPGs were written in English, rated as high quality, published from 2011, focused on adults and described development processes. Excluded CPGs were for: traumatic MSK pain, single modalities (eg, surgery), traditional healing/medicine, specific disease processes (eg, inflammatory arthropathies) or those that required payment. Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Physiotherapy Evidence Database) and four guideline repositories. 6232 records were identified, 44 CPGs were appraised and 11 were rated as high quality (low back pain: 4, OA: 4, neck: 2 and shoulder: 1). We identified 11 recommendations for MSK pain care: ensure care is patient centred, screen for red flag conditions, assess psychosocial factors, use imaging selectively, undertake a physical examination, monitor patient progress, provide education/information, address physical activity/exercise, use manual therapy only as an adjunct to other treatments, offer high-quality non-surgical care prior to surgery and try to keep patients at work. These 11 recommendations guide healthcare consumers, clinicians, researchers and policy makers to manage MSK pain. This should improve the quality of care of MSK pain.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-04-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-6870(99)00026-5
Abstract: Health professionals handling patients are known to be at risk of sustaining work related low back injuries. It is not known whether the use of lifting slings reduces the risk of injury to the lumbar spine for patient handlers. This study used kinematic variables and subjective ratings of body part stress and lifter preference as measures of relative risk for three two-person techniques for carrying a patient from one chair to another chair. The techniques used no slings, one and two slings respectively. Twenty-two nurses performed five trials each of the three techniques. Kinematic measures of angular displacement, velocity and acceleration were obtained using the lumbar motion monitor and visual analogue scales were used to obtain measures of body part stress for seven body parts. Angular displacement, velocity and acceleration were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes for the no sling technique compared to techniques using slings. Comparatively small yet significant differences between techniques using slings were recorded for sagittal flexion and rotation. There was no significant difference between one and two sling techniques for other dependent variables. Mean total body stress rating was higher for the no sling technique and all subjects indicated that their first preference was for slings. Although all three measures of risk rated the no sling technique as carrying a higher level of risk than the techniques using slings. No single measure adequately captured all aspects of relative risk. The elimination of manual patient handling is thought to be the best option for the reduction of work related back injuries in patient handlers. Where resources or technology are not yet adequate to provide practical alternatives and where the use of manual technique for a seat to seat task is unavoidable, the use of patient handling slings will reduce the risk.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2018.07.004
Abstract: The Animal Fun program, a universal early intervention program that aims to promote the motor skills and social-emotional development of young children, has shown to improve overall motor proficiency and social and behavioural outcomes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the program's impact on children's aiming and catching, and balance skills. A cluster randomised control trial was employed, with six intervention and six control (following normal curriculum) schools. A total s le of 511 children (257 boys and 254 girls), aged 4-6 years presented at pre-test. Children were tested across three time points, pre-test, post intervention (six months later) and follow-up (18 months after pre-test), using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Aiming and Catching, and Balance tasks. The study also tested for potential moderators including pre-test motor proficiency, age, gender, and cognitive performance. Participation in Animal Fun improved children's one leg balance at post-test and follow-up compared to control children, regardless of pre-test motor proficiency, age, gender, or pre-test cognitive performance. Participation in Animal Fun also improved throwing skills for those children with poorer motor proficiency compared to the controls with poorer motor performance. Interestingly, it was found that the control group's catching skills improved more than the intervention group at follow up. The study provides some promising results regarding the efficacy of the Animal Fun program in improving one-leg balance for all children, and throwing skills for those children with poorer motor proficiency, while also suggesting potential confounding factors, such as maturational issues and other in idual factors (e.g., a child's participation in extracurricular activity).
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2015.12.520
Abstract: The purpose of this brief review was to describe the missingness, from both attrition and non-compliance, during physical activity randomized controlled trials among children which have used accelerometers to measure physical activity. Systematic review. Using a previously published search strategy, an updated search of the literature was performed in the MEDLINE database for articles published from 1996 to February 2015 identifying physical activity RCTs in children (ages 2-18) measuring physical activity using accelerometers. Rates of attrition and non-compliance were extracted from identified articles. Twenty-three independent studies provided complete attrition and non-compliance data and were included. The mean attrition rate was 11.5% (SD 10.1%, range 0-30.9%). The mean accelerometer non-compliance rate at baseline was 22.7% (SD 16.4%, range 1.7-67.8%) and 29.6% (SD 19.4%, range 3.3-70.1%) at follow-up. The mean total study missingness was 37.4% (SD 20.2%, range 3.3-75.4%) and ranged from 3.3% to 75.4%. There was large variation in how missingness was accounted for between studies. There were no statistically significant differences in missingness between study characteristics including s le size, participant age, intervention setting, duration of follow-up, whether physical activity was the primary outcome, and weartime compliance criteria. Missingness is common among randomized controlled trials using accelerometry in children and is currently handled inconsistently. Researchers must plan for high levels of missingness in study design and account for missingness in reporting and analyses of trial outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2008.03.001
Abstract: Nurses are known to be a high risk group for occupational low back pain (LBP). The periods of greatest risk for developing low back pain in this population are not well defined. Recent literature suggests current preventative strategies are not consistently effective in improving low back injury statistics among health care populations. To identify the relative contributions of age and occupational exposure on the prevalence, duration and severity of low back pain episodes among undergraduate nursing students and recently graduated nurses. Cross-sectional survey. Two university undergraduate nursing schools and one public teaching hospital graduate nurse training program in Western Australia. 897 undergraduate nursing students (years 1, 2 and 3) and 111 graduate nurses recruited by personal invitation during lectures. Using a modified version of the Nordic Low Back Questionnaire, information regarding low back pain episode prevalence, impact, duration, frequency and causes was obtained. Mean age was consistent across all groups (26.7+/-9.0 years) and had no significant effect on lifetime low back pain prevalence (p=0.30). Very high lifetime (79%), 12 month (71%) and 7 day (31%) low back pain prevalence rates were consistent across all 3 year groups of undergraduate nursing students, but were significantly higher after 12 months of full-time employment [lifetime (95.5%), 12 month (90%) and 7 day (39%)]. Around 60% of all respondents with low back pain utilised at least one of (a) treatment, (b) medication, or (c) a reduction in activity. Nursing students and graduate nurses attributed the majority of their low back pain to bending or lifting despite recent efforts to reduce manual workplace demands (lifting) on nurses. Strategies for managing low back pain differed between nursing students and graduate nurses. These results may suggest a rise in occupational exposure from student to working nurse is the primary cause of the increase in low back pain. Increased exposure may be to physical as well as psychological stressors. Given that prevalence rates are very high prior to commencing work, nursing student populations should be a target group for low back pain preventative strategies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.14715
Abstract: Do root hairs help roots take up water from the soil? Despite the well-documented role of root hairs in phosphate uptake, their role in water extraction is controversial. We grew barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Pallas) and its root-hairless mutant brb in a root pressure chamber, whereby the transpiration rate could be varied whilst monitoring the suction in the xylem. The method provides accurate measurements of the dynamic relationship between the transpiration rate and xylem suction. The relationship between the transpiration rate and xylem suction was linear in wet soils and did not differ between genotypes. When the soil dried, the xylem suction increased rapidly and non-linearly at high transpiration rates. This response was much greater with the brb mutant, implying a reduced capacity to take up water. We conclude that root hairs facilitate the uptake of water by substantially reducing the drop in matric potential at the interface between root and soil in rapidly transpiring plants. The experiments also reinforce earlier observations that there is a marked hysteresis in the suction in the xylem when the transpiration rate is rising compared with when it is falling, and possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 03-08-2023
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00209-2023
Abstract: Little is known about activity behaviours and quality-of-life (QoL) of patients with parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) after hospital discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial (dexamethasone versus placebo) for hospitalised patients with PPE. We: (i) described the patients’ activity behaviour patterns and QoL measured at discharge and at 30 days post-discharge and (ii) examined the association between activity behaviours and QoL scores. Activity behaviour (7-day accelerometry Actigraph GT3X+) and QoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36) were assessed. Repeated measures analysis of covariance controlling for baseline values and a series of linear regression models were undertaken. Thirty-six out of 53 eligible participants completed accelerometry assessments. Despite modest increases in light physical activity (+7.5%) and some domains of QoL ( points) from discharge to 30 days post-discharge, patients had persistently high levels of sedentary behaviour ( % of waking wear time) and poor QoL (≤50 out of 100 points) irrespective of treatment group (p=0.135–0.903). Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher scores on most QoL domains (p=0.006–0.037). Linear regression indicates that a clinically important difference of 5 points in physical composite QoL score can be achieved by reallocating 16.1 min·day −1 of sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Patients with PPE had low levels of physical activity and QoL at discharge and 30-days post irrespective of treatment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity participation was associated with higher QoL scores. Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity following discharge from the hospital may be associated with improvements in QoL.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 27-12-2022
Abstract: Road traffic crashes (RTC) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young people. Severe mental health and behavioural conditions increase the likelihood of RTC, as do a range of driving-risk activities. We used data from the Raine Study, a prebirth cohort from Perth, Australia, to assess the relationship between measures of common mental health or behavioural conditions (Child Behavior Checklist Internalising and Externalising scores) at age 17 and subsequent RTC by 27 years, controlling for substance use and driving-risk activities. By 27 years of age, of 937 participants, 386 (41.2%) reported zero crashes and 551 (58.8%) reported ≥1 crashes. In the baseline Poisson model, increased Externalising scores (eg, aggression and delinquency) were associated with increased RTC (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02): increased Internalising scores (eg, anxiety and depression) were associated with fewer RTC (IRR=0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00). In the fully adjusted model, the mental health measures were not significant (Externalising IRR=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02: Internalising IRR=0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Risky driver activities, such as falling asleep while driving (IRR=1.34), more frequent use of a hands-free telephone (IRR=1.35) and more frequent hostility towards other drivers (IRR=1.30) increased the rate of RTC. Measures of mental health scores at age 17 were not predictive of subsequent RTC, after adjusting for measures of driving-risk activities. We need to better understand the determinants of externalising and risky driving behaviours if we are to address the increased risk of RTC.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 08-04-2014
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.3113
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2015
DOI: 10.1111/SBR.12103
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000001197
Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) survivors experience many disease and treatment adverse effects. However, the impact of OC and its treatment on objective activity behaviors and physiological status have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to compare objectively measured activity behaviors and physiological characteristics of advanced-stage OC survivors to age-matched controls. Twenty stage III–IV OC survivors and 20 controls completed assessments of activity behaviors (7-day accelerometry), physical function (400-meter walk as indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, repeated chair rise, 6-meter walking tests), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum and handgrip), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and musculoskeletal morphology (peripheral quantitative computed tomography). Compared with controls, OC survivors spent more time/day in prolonged sedentary bouts ( P = 0.039, r = 0.32), had lower cardiorespiratory fitness ( P = 0.041, r = 0.33) and upper body strength ( P = 0.023, r = 0.37), had higher areal bone mineral content ( P = 0.047, r = 0.33) and volumetric trabecular density ( P = 0.048, r = 0.31), but were not different in other measures of body composition nor in muscle morphology ( P 0.050). Only 20% (n = 4) of OC survivors accrued 150 minutes/week or greater moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time in 10-minute bouts or greater. Moderate and vigorous physical activity time/day in 10-minute bouts or greater was strongly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness ( P = 0.001, ρ = −0.702) and lower extremity function ( P = 0.019, ρ = −0.519) and moderately associated with muscle cross-sectional area ( P = 0.035, ρ = 0.473). Posttreatment OC survivors spent more time in prolonged sedentary bouts and had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body strength compared with controls. Moderate and vigorous physical activity was associated with physical function and muscle cross-sectional area. Future studies should test the efficacy of exercise interventions to increase MVPA, reduce sedentary behavior, and increase cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in OC survivors.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-12-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1401671
Abstract: This paper describes the contemporary use of information technology devices by children in a socio-educationally advantaged school. A s le of 924 children (50% girls) from grades 5 to 12 (ages 10-19 years) completed an online survey in class. Total daily technology use was high and similar for girls (mean 219 (SD 148) mins/day) and boys (207 (142), p=.186). Tablet computer was the dominant device used in grades 5-9, with laptop computer the dominant device in grades 10-12. Patterns of exposure were influenced by gender, device, grade and purpose of use interactions. For ex le, girls used mobile phones more than boys for social purposes for grades 10 and 11, but not grade 12. Whilst children's attitudes to technology use were positive, musculoskeletal and visual symptoms were commonly reported. Hours/day tablet and phone use was related to neck/shoulder discomfort (OR = 1.07 1.13) and visual symptoms (OR = 1.10 1.07). Practitioner Summary: Technology use by children appears to be quite different now to a decade ago. This paper describes contemporary school children's use of various devices for various purposes. The survey of >900 children found high technology use, dominated by new mobile technologies, and associations with musculoskeletal and visual symptoms.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-04-2021
Abstract: The Goldilocks Work Principle expresses that productive work should be redesigned to comprise physical behaviors of different intensities in a composition promoting workers’ health and fitness. This study is the first to assess the feasibility of redesigning work in an industrial setting according to the Goldilocks Work Principle. We recruited workers (n = 20) from a brewery in Denmark, and we conducted a participatory 16-week intervention including a workshop and two consultations. The workshop aimed to support the workers in modifying their work, while the consultations assisted the eventual implementation. Feasibility was evaluated as per three aspects: (1) developing modifications of work, (2) implementing these modifications, and (3) changing physical behavior and self-reported fatigue, pain and energy. The three aspects were addressed through records completed by the workers, measurements of workers’ physical behavior and intensity during ‘control’ workdays (i.e., usual work) and ‘intervention’ workdays (i.e., modified work), and self-reported fatigue, pain and energy level following both types of workday. Five modifications to work were developed, and three of these five modifications were implemented. To some extent, physical behavior and intensity changed as intended during ‘intervention’ workdays compared to ‘control’ workdays. Workers were also less fatigued, had less pain, and had more energy after ‘intervention’ workdays. These results suggest that it is feasible to develop and implement modified work based on the Goldilocks Work Principle among industrial workers. However, we also identified several barriers to the implementation of such modifications.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-05-2015
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1035762
Abstract: Children's computer use is rapidly growing, together with reports of related musculoskeletal outcomes. Models and theories of adult-related risk factors demonstrate multivariate risk factors associated with computer use. Children's use of computers is different from adult's computer use at work. This study developed and tested a child-specific model demonstrating multivariate relationships between musculoskeletal outcomes, computer exposure and child factors. Using pathway modelling, factors such as gender, age, television exposure, computer anxiety, sustained attention (flow), socio-economic status and somatic complaints (headache and stomach pain) were found to have effects on children's reports of musculoskeletal symptoms. The potential for children's computer exposure to follow a dose-response relationship was also evident. Developing a child-related model can assist in understanding risk factors for children's computer use and support the development of recommendations to encourage children to use this valuable resource in educational, recreational and communication environments in a safe and productive manner. Computer use is an important part of children's school and home life. Application of this developed model, that encapsulates related risk factors, enables practitioners, researchers, teachers and parents to develop strategies that assist young people to use information technology for school, home and leisure in a safe and productive manner.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-07-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0254241
Abstract: To investigate if lumbar and lower limb kinematics or kinetics are different between groups with and without a history of LBP during lifting. Secondly, to investigate relationships between biomechanical variables and pain r during repeated lifting. 21 LBP and 20 noLBP participants completed a 100-lift task, where lumbar and lower limb kinematics and kinetics were measured during lifting, with a simultaneous report of LBP intensity every 10 lifts. Lifts were performed in a laboratory setting, limiting ecological validity. The LBP group used a different lifting technique to the noLBP group at the beginning of the task (slower and more squat-like). Kinetic differences at the beginning included less peak lumbar external anterior shear force and greater peak knee power demonstrated by the LBP group. However, at the end of the task, both groups lifted with a much more similar technique that could be classified as more stoop-like and faster. Peak knee power remained greater in the LBP group throughout and was the only kinetic difference between groups at the end of the lifting task. While both groups lifted using a more comparable technique at the end, the LBP group still demonstrated a tendency to perform a slower and more squat-like lift throughout the task. Only one of 21 variables (pelvic tilt at box lift-off), was associated with pain r in the LBP group. Conclusions: Workers with a history of LBP, lift with a style that is slower and more squat-like than workers without any history of LBP. Common assumptions that LBP is associated with lumbar kinematics or kinetics such as greater lumbar flexion or greater forces were not observed in this study, raising questions about the current paradigm around ‘safe lifting’.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-06-2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.718092
Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine whether scapular and humeral head position can predict the development of shoulder pain in swimmers, whether those predictors were applicable to non-swimmers and the annual rate of shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and non-swimmers. Forty-six adolescent swimmers and 43 adolescent non-swimmers were examined prospectively with a questionnaire and anthropometric measures. The questionnaire examined demographic and training variables. Anthropometric measures examined the distances between the T7 spinous process and the inferior scapula (Inferior Kibler) and T3 spinous process and the medial spine of the scapula (Superior Kibler), humeral head position in relation to the acromion using palpation, BMI and chest width. Shoulder pain was re-assessed 12 months later by questionnaire. Shoulder pain in swimmers was best predicted by a larger BMI (OR = 1.48, P = 0.049), a smaller Inferior Kibler distance in abduction (e.g. OR = 0.90, P = 0.009) and a smaller horizontal distance between the anterior humeral head and the anterior acromion (OR = 0.76, P = 0.035). These variables were not significantly predictive of shoulder pain in non-swimmers. Annual prevalence of shoulder pain was 23.9% in swimmers and 30.8% in non-swimmers (χ(2) = 0.50, P = 0.478).
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-03-2017
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 08-2010
Abstract: Cross-sectional investigation. There is some evidence that interventions directed to improving back muscle endurance (BME) in adolescents are effective in reducing low back pain, with anecdotal evidence of improved performance. However, the mechanisms responsible for this improvement remain unclear. To identify the relationship between physical, lifestyle, and psychological variables and BME in a large adolescent population, while controlling for back pain and gender. One thousand four-hundred thirty-five adolescents (702 females, 733 males mean +/- SD age, 14.0 +/- 0.2 years) completed a range of physical, lifestyle, and psychological assessments. The group mean +/- SD height and body mass were 164 +/- 8 cm and 57.1 +/- 12.6 kg, respectively. Linear regression was used to investigate the univariate association between each of the physical, lifestyle, and psychological variables and BME. Backwards stepwise multivariate linear regression was used to determine statistically significant independent correlates of BME. The final multivariate model explained 15.3% of the variance in BME and included at least 1 variable from the physical, lifestyle, and psychological domains. Adolescents who exercised less, watched more television, had a higher body mass index, sat in a more flexed trunk posture (more slumped), and had lower self-efficacy had lower BME. All the physical and lifestyle variables linked with poorer BME performance in this investigation are indicative of reduced back muscle activation and/or deconditioning. Psychological predictors may have direct and/or indirect links with BME.
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.2519/JOSPT.2006.36.1.19
Abstract: A single-group comparative study. To compare lumbopelvic kinematics and muscle activation patterns while sitting on stable and unstable surfaces. Unstable surfaces are commonly used during the rehabilitation of certain low back pain disorders. The benefits postulated are increased muscle activity and facilitation of sustainable midrange positions via neuromuscular control. The use of unstable sitting devices in the workplace is controversial, as the postulated increase in muscle activity is thought to lead to a muscle fatigue ain response. However, little evidence exists for or against the ability of these devices to alleviate or prevent spinal pain. This study included 26 healthy adults (14 male, 12 female). Fastrak 3-dimensional motion analysis detected lumbar curvature, pelvic tilt, and postural sway during sitting on a stable and unstable surface over 5-minute periods. Surface electromyography was used to measure activity in the superficial lumbar multifidus, transverse fibers of internal oblique, and iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis. Spinal postures were similar for sitting on a stable and unstable surface. Significant increases in postural sway were detected (P = .013) in 3 dimensions of movement during sitting on an unstable surface. Gender differences were noted. No EMG litude or variance differences were detected between seating conditions. Preliminary data show that sitting on unstable surfaces induces greater spinal motion, but does not significantly alter the lumbosacral posture nor the amount of activity in the superficial trunk muscles under investigation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2011.05.002
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to examine familial associations in spinal posture, defined using postural angles and a clinical classification method. A secondary aim was to investigate the reliability of clinical postural classification. Postural angles were calculated from sagittal photographs, while two experienced clinicians made use of standing sagittal images to classify participants into one of four postural groups (sway, flat, hyperlordotic, neutral). Parent-child associations in postural angles and postural groups were evaluated using Pearson's correlation and Fisher's exact test, respectively. Inter-rater reliability was expressed using percentage agreement and Kappa coefficients (K). Daughters whose father or mother had a hyperlordotic posture were 4.0 or 3.5 times, respectively, more likely to have a hyperlordotic posture than daughters whose parents did not have a hyperlordotic posture. These participants in the hyperlorotic group had a significantly higher body mass index than members of the other postural groups (p < 0.03). Percentage agreement between clinicians was 63.5% (K = 0.48). These results provide preliminary evidence of a familial association in the hyperlordotic posture and support the use of postural classification.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-04-2016
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1161244
Abstract: Occupational falls are one of the leading causes of occupational injury and death internationally. This study described the nature of occupational falls following an analysis of workers compensation data in Western Australia. Frequencies, proportions and incidence rates were calculated following mechanism, gender, age and industry stratification. The natures of injury and bodily locations affected were compared between mechanisms of fall. Industry incidence rates were ranked and their corresponding proportions reported. Cost and lost time were described and risk scores for each burden type (incapacity, cost and lost time) were calculated and compared between fall mechanisms. Of all occupational falls, the proportion, incidence rates and risk scores of falls on same level were consistently greater compared to falls from a height. Gender, age and industry groups that appear to be at highest risk vary with the measure used and mechanism of incident. This study translates epidemiological information into a risk score that can aid in prioritisation. Practitioner Summary: This paper presents an in-depth analysis of Worker's Compensation claims for falls in Western Australia. Calculated proportion, incidence rates and formulated risk scores for falls on the level were consistently greater compared to falls from a height. Limitations associated with the analysis of large-scale data-sets are described.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELEKIN.2008.02.003
Abstract: Use of computers by children has increased rapidly, however few studies have addressed factors which may reduce musculoskeletal stress during computer use by children. This study quantified the postural and muscle activity effects of providing forearm support when children used computers. Twelve male and 12 female children (10-12 years) who regularly used computers were recruited. Activities were completed using a computer with two workstation configurations, one of which provided for forearm support on the desk surface. 3D posture was analysed using an infra-red motion analysis system. Surface EMG was collected from five muscle groups in the neck/shoulder region and right upper limb. Providing a support surface resulted in more elevated and flexed upper limbs. The use of forearm or wrist support was associated with reduced muscle activity for most muscle groups. Muscle activity reductions with support were of sufficient magnitude to be clinically meaningful. The provision of a supporting surface for the arm is therefore likely to be useful for reducing musculoskeletal stresses associated with computing tasks for children.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-06-2015
DOI: 10.3390/NU7064363
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-12643-W
Abstract: The Goldilocks Work Principle expresses that productive work should be designed to promote workers’ health. We recently showed that it is feasible to develop and implement modifications to productive work that change physical behaviors (i.e. sitting, standing and being active) in a direction that may promote health among industrial workers. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to conduct a cluster randomised controlled trial investigating health effects of implementing the Goldilocks Work intervention among industrial workers. Our implementation plan consists of educating work teams, organizing implementation meetings, and providing feedback to workers. Three meetings with a preselected local workplace group will be scheduled. The first meeting educates the group to use a planning tool by which work can be planned to have ‘just right’ physical behaviors. The second and third meetings will focus on supporting implementation of the tool in daily work. An expected 28 clusters of work teams across two participating production sites will be randomized to either intervention or control group. Data collection will consist of 1) questionnaires regarding work and musculoskeletal health, 2) wearable sensor measurements of the physical behavior, and 3) assessment of general health indicators, including BMI, blood pressure, and fat percentage. The primary outcome is musculoskeletal health, measured by low back pain intensity, and secondary outcomes are 1) physical behaviors at work, 2) accumulated time in long bouts of sitting, standing, and being active and 3) perceived fatigue and energy during work. Furthermore, implementation and cost of the intervention will be evaluated based on questionnaires and data from the planning tool completed by the workers. This study will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a 12 - weeks Goldilocks Work intervention with the aim of improving musculoskeletal health among industrial workers. The cluster randomized controlled study design and the evaluation of the implementation, results and costs of the intervention will make it capable of contributing with valuable evidence of how productive work may be designed to promote industrial workers’ health. Clinical trial registration was assigned 10–09-2021 (ISRCTN80969503). 0.1186/ISRCTN80969503
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 06-2009
Abstract: Cross-sectional survey. To assess the associations between adolescent back pain and fitness, motor competence, and body composition. Although deficits in physical fitness and motor control have been shown to relate to adult back pain, the evidence in adolescents is less clear. In this cross-sectional study, 1608 "Raine" cohort adolescents (mean age, 14 years) answered questions on lifetime, month, and chronic prevalence of back pain, and participated in a range of physical tests assessing aerobic capacity, muscle performance, flexibility, motor competence, and body composition.A history of any diagnosed back pain in the adolescent was obtained from the primary caregiver. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased likelihood of back pain in boys was associated with greater aerobic capacity, greater waist girth, and both reduced and greater flexibility. Back pain in girls was associated with greater abdominal endurance, reduced kinesthetic integration, and both reduced and greater back endurance. Lower likelihood of back pain was associated with greater bimanual dexterity in boys and greater lower extremity power in girls. Physical characteristics are commonly cited as important risk factors in back pain development. Although some factors were associated with adolescent back pain, and these differed between boys and girls, they made only a small contribution to logistic regression models for back pain. The results suggest future work should explore the interaction of multiple domains of risk factors (physical, lifestyle, and psychosocial) and subgroups of adolescent back pain, for whom different risk factors may be important.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2018
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 10-2017
Abstract: Synopsis Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It often begins in adolescence, setting a course for later in life. We have tracked the course of LBP in the Raine Study cohort from the age of 14 years into early adulthood. Our work has found that LBP is already prevalent in in iduals at 14 years of age and increases throughout adolescence and into early adulthood. It is often comorbid with other musculoskeletal pain. For some adolescents, LBP has little impact for others, its impact includes care seeking, taking medication, taking time off from school and work, as well as modifying physical and functional activity. Of concern is the increasing prevalence of LBP with impact across adolescence, reaching adult rates by 22 years of age. The predictors of disabling LBP in adolescence are multidimensional. They include female sex, negative back pain beliefs, poor mental health status, somatic complaints, involvement in sports, and altered stress responses. Genetics also plays a role. Ironically, the factors that we have historically thought to be important predictors of LBP, such as "poor" spinal posture, scoliosis, carrying school bags, joint hypermobility, and poor back muscle endurance, are not strong predictors. This challenges our clinical beliefs and highlights that adolescent LBP needs a flexible and targeted multidimensional approach to assessment and management. In most cases, we recommend a cognitive functional approach that challenges negative LBP beliefs, educates adolescents regarding factors associated with their LBP, restores functional capacity where it is impaired, and encourages healthy lifestyle habits. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017 (10):741-751. Epub 12 Sep 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7376.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.GAITPOST.2017.08.024
Abstract: While prolonged standing has shown to be detrimentally associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, exposure limits and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We systematically reviewed evidence from laboratory studies on musculoskeletal symptom development during prolonged (≥20min) uninterrupted standing, quantified acute dose-response associations and described underlying mechanisms. Peer-reviewed articles were systematically searched for. Data from included articles were tabulated, and dose-response associations were statistically pooled. A linear interpolation of pooled dose-response associations was performed to estimate the duration of prolonged standing associated with musculoskeletal symptoms with a clinically relevant intensity of ≥9 (out of 100). We included 26 articles (from 25 studies with 591 participants), of which the majority examined associations of prolonged standing with low back and lower extremity symptoms. Evidence on other (e.g., upper limb) symptoms was limited and inconsistent. Pooled dose-response associations showed that clinically relevant levels of low back symptoms were reached after 71min of prolonged standing, with this shortened to 42min in those considered pain developers. Regarding standing-related low back symptoms, consistent evidence was found for postural mechanisms (i.e., trunk flexion and lumbar curvature), but not for mechanisms of muscle fatigue and/or variation in movement. Blood pooling was the most consistently reported mechanism for standing-related lower extremity symptoms. Evidence suggests a detrimental association of prolonged standing with low back and lower extremity symptoms. To avoid musculoskeletal symptoms (without having a-priori knowledge on whether someone will develop symptoms or not), dose-response evidence from this study suggests a recommendation to refrain from standing for prolonged periods >40min. Interventions should also focus on underlying pain mechanisms.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2016
Abstract: Australia has joined a growing number of nations that have evaluated the physical activity and sedentary behavior status of their children. Australia received a “D minus” in the first Active Healthy Kids Australia Physical Activity Report Card. An expert subgroup of the Australian Report Card Research Working Group iteratively reviewed available evidence to answer 3 questions: (a) What are the main sedentary behaviors of children? (b) What are the potential mechanisms for sedentary behavior to impact child health and development? and (c) What are the effects of different types of sedentary behaviors on child health and development? Neither sedentary time nor screen time is a homogeneous activity likely to result in homogenous effects. There are several mechanisms by which various sedentary behaviors may positively or negatively affect cardiometabolic, neuromusculoskeletal, and psychosocial health, though the strength of evidence varies. National surveillance systems and mechanistic, longitudinal, and experimental studies are needed for Australia and other nations to improve their grade. Despite limitations, available evidence is sufficiently convincing that the total exposure and pattern of exposure to sedentary behaviors are critical to the healthy growth, development, and wellbeing of children. Nations therefore need strategies to address these common behaviors.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-01-2017
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYW308
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 21-11-2020
Abstract: xcess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. This 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing c aign (LiveLighter). All eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. Enrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. Tailored email feedback provided to in iduals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369 www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325& isReview=true.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.HUMOV.2014.08.004
Abstract: Active virtual games (AVG) may facilitate gross motor skill development, depending on their fidelity. This study compared the movement patterns of nineteen 10-12 yr old children, while playing table tennis on three AVG consoles (Nintendo Wii, Xbox Kinect, Sony Move) and as a real world task. Wrist and elbow joint angles and hand path distance and speed were captured. Children playing real table tennis had significantly smaller (e.g. Wrist Angle Forehand Real-Kinect: Mean Difference (MD): -18.2°, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -26.15 to -10.26) and slower (e.g. Average Speed Forehand Real-Kinect: MD: -1.98 ms(-1), 95% CI: -2.35 to -1.61) movements than when using all three AVGs. Hand path distance was smaller in forehand and backhand strokes (e.g. Kinect-Wii: MD: 0.46 m, 95% CI: 0.13-0.79) during playing with Kinect than Move and Wii. The movement patterns when playing real and virtual table tennis were different and this may impede the development of real world gross motor skills. Several elements, including display, input and task characteristics, may have contributed to the differences in movement patterns observed. Understanding the interface components for AVGs may help development of higher fidelity games to potentially enhance the development of gross motor skill and thus participation in PA.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 15-04-2023
DOI: 10.2196/48209
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2005
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: Playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMP) are common in adult musicians. The limited available evidence suggests PRMP are common in children and adolescents and that risk factors may be similar. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PRMP in children and adolescents and their associations with female gender, age and instrument exposure. The study surveyed 731 children learning musical instruments (460 females) ranging in age from 7—17 years. Lifetime symptoms, monthly symptoms and monthly disorders (the inability to play an instrument as usual) were examined. Logistic regression evaluated the independent association of these potential risk factors with PRMP prevalences. A total of 67% students reported PRM symptoms at some point, 56% reported PRM symptoms within the last month and 30% reported an inability to play as usual within the last month. Female gender was significantly associated with PRMP (OR 1.38—1.56, p = 0.004—0.046), as was age (OR 1.19—0.23, p 0.001). After adjustment for gender and age, type of instrument (upper and lower strings, woodwind and brass) were significantly associated with all PRMP ( p 0.005) and playing three instruments was protective against monthly symptoms (OR 0.43, p = 0.05). The study concludes that the high prevalence and disabling impact of playing-related musculoskeletal problems is clearly an important issue for child and adolescent health with gender, age and instrument exposure important factors for risk management.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-07-2021
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1948617
Abstract: Mobile touch screen devices (smartphones and tablet computers) have become an integral part of many parents' and children's lives, with this interaction linked to physical, mental and social outcomes. Despite the known importance of parent-child attachment, evidence on the association between device use and attachment was yet to be reviewed. Following protocol pre-registration, databases were searched, papers screened, and methodological quality assessed. Three papers met the inclusion criteria, and reported some negative associations between duration of parent/child smartphone use and attachment outcomes. A narrative synthesis on two groups of related papers found child time using any screen technology (including television viewing), and child 'problematic' internet, mobile phone, gaming and social media use, was negatively associated with attachment outcomes. Currently there is limited direct evidence on any association between time parents or children spend using these devices and parent-child attachment to support time guidelines for families and professionals working with families.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103806
Abstract: Excessive physical demand at work has traditionally been connected with adverse health outcomes, but excessive sitting is now also being recognised as an occupational hazard and emerging work-related risk. Traditional preventive occupational health and ergonomics programs are useful but limited through reliance on in idual behaviour change and time- ersion from productive work. A new 'Goldilocks Work Paradigm' aims to optimise health and productivity by using movements of productive tasks. Using rail driving as a specific case of a highly sedentary and inflexible working environment, we construct a conceptual framework for designing better jobs, arguing that a theoretical amalgamation of the new Goldilocks Work Paradigm with System Thinking, Participatory Ergonomics, and a Risk Management Framework, is needed, for establishing a unified, strategic approach-a 'just right' job design model. We extend this by outlining a practical process of designing better jobs with tools that can be used to achieve it.
Publisher: Early Childhood Australia
Date: 21-09-2018
DOI: 10.23965/ECA.001
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 04-2016
Abstract: Controlled laboratory study. Abdominal bracing (AB) is a widely advocated method of increasing spine stability, yet the influence of AB on the execution of sporting movements has not been quantified. Landing is a common task during sporting endeavors therefore, investigating the effect of performing AB during a drop-landing task is relevant. To quantify the effect of AB on kinematics (ankle, knee, hip, and regional lumbar spine peak flexion angles) and peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during a drop-landing task. Sixteen healthy adults (7 female, 9 male mean ± SD age, 27 ± 7 years height, 170.6 ± 8.1 cm mass, 68.0 ± 11.3 kg) were assessed using 3-D motion analysis, electromyography (EMG), and a force platform while performing a drop-landing task with and without AB. Abdominal bracing was achieved with the assistance of real-time internal oblique EMG feedback. Lower-limb and regional lumbar spine kinematics, peak vGRF, and normalized EMG of the left and right internal obliques and lumbar multifidus were quantified. Paired-s les t tests were used to compare variables between the AB and no-AB conditions. Abdominal bracing resulted in significantly reduced knee and hip flexion and increased peak vGRF during landing. No differences in lumbar multifidus EMG or lumbar spine kinematics were observed. Abdominal bracing reduces impact attenuation during landing. These altered biomechanics may have implications for lower-limb and spinal injury risk during dynamic tasks.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1989
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-11-2016
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2016-096795
Abstract: Given the high exposure to occupational standing in specific occupations, and recent initiatives to encourage intermittent standing among white-collar workers, a better understanding of the potential health consequences of occupational standing is required. We aimed to review and quantify the epidemiological evidence on associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms. A systematic review was performed. Data from included articles were extracted and described, and meta-analyses conducted when data were sufficiently homogeneous. Electronic databases were systematically searched. Peer-reviewed articles on occupational standing and musculoskeletal symptoms from epidemiological studies were identified. Of the 11 750 articles screened, 50 articles reporting 49 studies were included (45 cross-sectional and 5 longitudinal n=88 158 participants) describing the associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms, including low-back (39 articles), lower extremity (14 articles) and upper extremity (18 articles) symptoms. In the meta-analysis, ‘substantial’ ( hours/workday) occupational standing was associated with the occurrence of low-back symptoms (pooled OR (95% CI) 1.31 (1.10 to 1.56)). Evidence on lower and upper extremity symptoms was too heterogeneous for meta-analyses. The majority of included studies reported statistically significant detrimental associations of occupational standing with lower extremity, but not with upper extremity symptoms. The evidence suggests that substantial occupational standing is associated with the occurrence of low-back and (inconclusively) lower extremity symptoms, but there may not be such an association with upper extremity symptoms. However, these conclusions are tentative as only limited evidence was found from high-quality, longitudinal studies with fully adjusted models using objective measures of standing.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2016
Abstract: There are several practical issues when considering the use of hip-worn or wrist-worn accelerometers. This study compared compliance and outcomes between hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers worn simultaneously by children during an active video games intervention. As part of a larger randomized crossover trial, participants (n = 73, age 10 to 12 years) wore 2 Actical accelerometers simultaneously during waking hours for 7 days, on the hip and wrist. Measurements were repeated at 4 timepoints: 1) at baseline, 2) during traditional video games condition, 3) during active video games condition, 4) during no video games condition. Compliance and intervention effects were compared between hip and wrist. There were no statistically significant differences at any timepoint in percentage compliance between hip (77% to 87%) and wrist (79% to 89%). Wrist-measured counts (difference of 64.3 counts per minute, 95% CI 4.4–124.3) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (12 min/day, 95% CI 0.3–23.7) were higher during the no video games condition compared with the traditional video games condition. There were no differences in hip-measured counts per minute or MVPA between conditions or sedentary time for hip or wrist. There were no differences in compliance between hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers during an intervention trial, however, intervention findings differed between hip and wrist.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SJPAIN.2016.08.003
Abstract: Currently there is a lack of large population studies that have investigated pain sensitivity distributions in healthy pain free people. The aims of this study were: (1) to provide sex-specific reference values of pressure and cold pain thresholds in young pain-free adults (2) to examine the association of potential correlates of pain sensitivity with pain threshold values. This study investigated sex specific pressure and cold pain threshold estimates for young pain free adults aged 21–24 years. A cross-sectional design was utilised using participants ( n =617) from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study at the 22-year follow-up. The association of site, sex, height, weight, smoking, health related quality oflife, psychological measures and activity with pain threshold values was examined. Pressure pain threshold (lumbar spine, tibialis anterior, neck and dorsal wrist) and cold pain threshold (dorsal wrist) were assessed using standardised quantitative sensory testing protocols. Reference values for pressure pain threshold (four body sites) stratified by sex and site, and cold pain threshold (dorsal wrist) stratified by sex are provided. Statistically significant, independent correlates of increased pressure pain sensitivity measures were site (neck, dorsal wrist), sex (female), higher waist-hip ratio and poorer mental health. Statistically significant, independent correlates of increased cold pain sensitivity measures were, sex (female), poorer mental health and smoking. These data provide the most comprehensive and robust sex specific reference values for pressure pain threshold specific to four body sites and cold pain threshold at the dorsal wrist for young adults aged 21–24 years. Establishing normative values in this young age group is important given that the transition from adolescence to adulthood is a critical temporal period during which trajectories for persistent pain can be established. These data will provide an important research resource to enable more accurate profiling and interpretation of pain sensitivity in clinical pain disorders in young adults. The robust and comprehensive data can assist interpretation of future clinical pain studies and provide further insight into the complex associations of pain sensitivity that can be used in future research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-07-2014
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12201
Abstract: Excessive sedentary time is detrimentally linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Studies have been investigating the use of activity-permissive workstations to reduce sedentary time in office workers, a highly sedentary target group. This review systematically summarizes the evidence for activity-permissive workstations on sedentary time, health-risk biomarkers, work performance and feasibility indicators in office workplaces. In July 2013, a literature search identified 38 relevant peer-reviewed publications. Key findings were independently extracted by two researchers. The average intervention effect on sedentary time was calculated via meta-analysis. In total, 984 participants across 19 field-based trials and 19 laboratory investigations were included, with s le sizes ranging from n = 2 to 66 per study. Sedentary time, health-risk biomarkers and work performance indicators were reported in 13, 23 and 23 studies, respectively. The pooled effect size from the meta-analysis was -77 min of sedentary time/8-h workday (95% confidence interval = -120, -35 min). Non-significant changes were reported for most health- and work-related outcomes. Studies with acceptability measures reported predominantly positive feedback. Findings suggest that activity-permissive workstations can be effective to reduce occupational sedentary time, without compromising work performance. Larger and longer-term randomized-controlled trials are needed to understand the sustainability of the sedentary time reductions and their longer-term impacts on health- and work-related outcomes.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.2522/PTJ.20140064
Abstract: Back pain beliefs (BPBs) are an important modifiable factor related to disability associated with low back pain (LBP). Back pain beliefs have not been characterized in baby boomers, a group at risk for decreased activity levels and reduced productivity. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify factors related to BPBs and (2) to evaluate the association between LBP disability and beliefs. A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling baby boomers (born 1946–1964) was conducted. Nine hundred fifty-eight baby boomers (mean age=56.2 years) participating in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study provided their history of LBP, BPBs, LBP behaviors related to care seeking (taking medication, seeking professional help) and activity modification (missing work, interference with normal activities, interference with recreational activities), LBP-related disability, and additional covariates with known associations with BPBs. Regression analyses were used to: (1) identify factors associated with more positive beliefs and (2) test the association between more positive BPBs and lower LBP disability, independent of other correlates of BPBs. More positive BPBs were associated with younger age, better mental well-being, and higher income, whereas more negative BPBs were associated with receiving sickness or disability benefits and the experience of LBP in the previous month. In participants who reported experiencing LBP within the previous month, more positive BPBs were associated with lower disability scale scores and a decreased probability of interference with usual activities, independent of pain intensity, age, mental well-being, income, and employment status. Cross-sectional analysis limits assessment of causality. Poorer BPBs were associated with greater disability. Characterization of the relationships between BPBs and LBP-associated behaviors and disability in baby boomers can assist in developing interventions to improve activity participation and productivity, potentially reducing the burden of LBP in this age group.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-2016
Abstract: Adolescence is a critical time to intervene and establish healthy long-term behaviors to decrease the impact of adult obesity in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify key intervention strategies and techniques for community interventions by analyzing the short-term and longer-term shared experiences of both adolescents with overweight or obesity and their parents involved in a community-based, healthy lifestyle intervention. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with teens (aged 12-16 years with a BMI above the 85th percentile) and their parents immediately following the 8-week intervention (n = 37 teens, n = 33 parents) and at 12 months follow-up (n = 23 teens, n = 20 parents). Results were analyzed thematically. Both teens and parents reported high satisfaction with the program. Immediately following the 8-week intervention, teens reported enjoying participating in exercise with similar peers. Parents described inaccurate expectations from the program. After the 12-month follow-up, teens reported struggling with a cyclical pattern of health behaviors, and parents described a sense of loss following the intensive program and improved communication skills with their adolescent. Several practical strategies emerged for use in future community programs for adolescents with overweight or obesity. Future programs should consider management of expectations, perceptions vs. outcomes, and the cyclical nature of behavior change in adolescents. Strategies for future health behavior change interventions with overweight adolescents should address time management, translation of knowledge into behavior change, successful implementation of practical goal-setting strategies, and increasing intrinsic motivation.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-026276
Abstract: The purpose of the Raine Study is to improve human health and well-being by studying the life-course of a cohort of Western Australians, based on a life-course conceptual framework that considers interactions between genetics, phenotypes, behaviours, the environment and developmental and social outcomes. Between May 1989 and November 1991, 2900 pregnant women were enrolled in the Raine Study in Perth, Western Australia. In total, 2730 women gave birth to 2868 children (Generation 2) between August 1989 and April 1992. The mothers and fathers of Generation 2 are referred to as Generation 1 of the Raine Study. In the most recent Generation 1 follow-up, 636 mothers and 462 fathers participated. Until the 26-year follow-up of Generation 1 the focus of research within the Raine Study was on outcomes in Generation 2, with information on the parents mainly being used to examine its influence on their children’s outcomes. For ex le, recent findings showed that several characteristics of mothers, such as obesity, early mid-gestational weight gain and socioeconomic status were associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adiposity and cardiometabolic characteristics in offspring. Other findings showed that parents with back pain were more likely to have offspring who experienced back pain. Also, non-linear and dynamic relationships were found between maternal working hours and offspring overweight or obesity. The Raine Study will continue to provide access to its dense longitudinal genetic, phenotypic, behavioural, environmental, developmental and social data to undertake studies with the ultimate goal of improving human health and well-being. Analyses of data from the recent Generation 1 year 26 follow-up are underway. ACTRN12617001599369
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.2522/PTJ.20150660
Abstract: There is conflicting evidence on the association between sagittal neck posture and neck pain. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the existence of clusters of neck posture in a cohort of 17-year-olds and (2) to establish whether identified subgroups were associated with biopsychosocial factors and neck pain. This was a cross-sectional study. The adolescents (N=1,108) underwent 2-dimensional photographic postural assessment in a sitting position. One distance and 4 angular measurements of the head, neck, and thorax were calculated from photo-reflective markers placed on bony landmarks. Subgroups of sagittal sitting neck posture were determined by cluster analysis. Height and weight were measured, and lifestyle and psychological factors, neck pain, and headache were assessed by questionnaire. The associations among posture subgroups, neck pain, and other factors were evaluated using logistic regression. Four distinct clusters of sitting neck posture were identified: upright, intermediate, slumped thorax/forward head, and erect thorax/forward head. Significant associations between cluster and sex, weight, and height were found. Participants classified as having slumped thorax/forward head posture were at higher odds of mild, moderate, or severe depression. Participants classified as having upright posture exercised more frequently. There was no significant difference in the odds of neck pain or headache across the clusters. The results are specific to 17-year-olds and may not be applicable to adults. Meaningful sagittal sitting neck posture clusters were identified in 17-year-olds who demonstrated some differences with biopsychosocial profiling. The finding of no association between cluster membership and neck pain and headaches challenges widely held beliefs about the role of posture in adolescent neck pain.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2013
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 06-06-2022
DOI: 10.2196/35697
Abstract: There is increasing recognition of the need for more comprehensive surveillance data, including information on physical activity of all intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep. However, meeting this need poses significant challenges for current surveillance systems, which are mainly reliant on self-report. The primary objective of this project is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a sensor-based system for use in the surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (SurPASS) at a national level in Denmark. The SurPASS project involves an international, multidisciplinary team of researchers collaborating with an industrial partner. The SurPASS system consists of (1) a thigh-worn accelerometer with Bluetooth connectivity, (2) a smartphone app, (3) an integrated back end, facilitating the automated upload, analysis, storage, and provision of in idualized feedback in a manner compliant with European Union regulations on data privacy, and (4) an administrator web interface (web application) to monitor progress. The system development and evaluation will be performed in 3 phases. These phases will include gathering user input and specifications (phase 1), the iterative development, evaluation, and refinement of the system (phase 2), and the feasibility evaluation (phase 3). The project started in September 2020 and completed phase 2 in February 2022. Phase 3 began in March 2022 and results will be made available in 2023. If feasible, the SurPASS system could be a catalyst toward large-scale, sensor-based surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. It could also be adapted for cohort and interventional research, thus contributing to the generation of evidence for both interventions and public health policies and recommendations. DERR1-10.2196/35697
Publisher: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
Date: 25-09-2017
DOI: 10.5271/SJWEH.3671
Abstract: Objectives Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are highly prevalent and put a large burden on (working) society. Primary prevention of work-related MSD focuses often on physical risk factors (such as manual lifting and awkward postures) but has not been too successful in reducing the MSD burden. This may partly be caused by insufficient knowledge of etiological mechanisms and/or a lack of adequately feasible interventions (theory failure and program failure, respectively), possibly due to limited integration of research disciplines. A research framework could link research disciplines thereby strengthening the development and implementation of preventive interventions. Our objective was to define and describe such a framework for multi-disciplinary research on work-related MSD prevention. Methods We described a framework for MSD prevention research, partly based on frameworks from other research fields (ie, sports injury prevention and public health). Results The framework is composed of a repeated sequence of six steps comprising the assessment of (i) incidence and severity of MSD, (ii) risk factors for MSD, and (iii) underlying mechanisms and the (iv) development, (v) evaluation, and (vi) implementation of preventive intervention(s). Conclusions In the present framework for optimal work-related MSD prevention, research disciplines are linked. This framework can thereby help to improve theories and strengthen the development and implementation of prevention strategies for work-related MSD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPHYS.2014.08.007
Abstract: Non-specific neck pain is a major burden to industry, yet the impact of introducing a workplace ergonomics and exercise intervention on work productivity and severity of neck pain in a population of office personnel is unknown. Does a combined workplace-based best practice ergonomic and neck exercise program reduce productivity losses and risk of developing neck pain in asymptomatic workers, or decrease severity of neck pain in symptomatic workers, compared to a best practice ergonomic and general health promotion program? Prospective cluster randomised controlled trial. Office personnel aged over 18 years, and who work>30 hours/week. In idualised best practice ergonomic intervention plus 3×20 minute weekly, progressive neck/shoulder girdle exercise group sessions for 12 weeks. In idualised best practice ergonomic intervention plus 1-hour weekly health information sessions for 12 weeks. Primary (productivity loss) and secondary (neck pain and disability, muscle performance, and quality of life) outcome measures will be collected using validated scales at baseline, immediate post-intervention and 12 months after commencement. 640 volunteering office personnel will be randomly allocated to either an intervention or control arm in work group clusters. Analysis will be on an 'intent-to-treat' basis and per protocol. Multilevel, generalised linear models will be used to examine the effect of the intervention on reducing the productivity loss in dollar units (AUD), and severity of neck pain and disability. The findings of this study will have a direct impact on policies that underpin the prevention and management of neck pain in office personnel.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELEKIN.2006.10.007
Abstract: Computer display height and desk design to allow forearm support are two critical design features of workstations for information technology tasks. However there is currently no 3D description of head and neck posture with different computer display heights and no direct comparison to paper based information technology tasks. There is also inconsistent evidence on the effect of forearm support on posture and no evidence on whether these features interact. This study compared the 3D head, neck and upper limb postures of 18 male and 18 female young adults whilst working with different display and desk design conditions. There was no substantial interaction between display height and desk design. Lower display heights increased head and neck flexion with more spinal asymmetry when working with paper. The curved desk, designed to provide forearm support, increased scapula elevation rotraction and shoulder flexion/abduction.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/OPO.12905
Abstract: Cross‐sectional studies have variably reported that poor sleep quality may be associated with myopia in children. Longitudinal data, collected over the ages when myopia develops and progresses, could provide new insights into the sleep‐myopia paradigm. This study tested the hypothesis that 12‐year trajectories of sleep behaviour from childhood to adolescence is associated with myopia during young adulthood. At the 5‐, 8‐, 10‐, 14‐ and 17‐year follow‐ups of the longitudinal Raine Study, which has been following a cohort since their birth in 1989–1992, participants' parents/guardians completed the Child Behaviour Checklist questionnaire (CBCL), which collected information on their child's sleep behaviour and quality. The CBCL includes six questions measuring sleep behaviour, which parents rated as 0 = not true, 1 = somewhat/sometimes true, or 2 = very/often true. Scores were summed at each follow‐up to form a composite “sleep behaviour score”. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to classify participants according to their 12‐year trajectory of sleep behaviour. At the 20‐year follow‐up, an eye examination was performed which included cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement. The LCGA identified three clusters of participants based on their trajectory of sleep behaviour: those with minimal' (43.6% of the total Raine Study s le), ‘declining’ (48.9%), or ‘persistent’ (7.5%) sleep problems. A total of 1194 participants had ophthalmic data and longitudinal sleep data available for analysis (47.2% female, 85.6% Caucasian). No significant differences were observed in regards to age, sex, ethnicity or ocular parameters between trajectory groups. Unadjusted and fully adjusted analyses demonstrated that sleep problem behaviour was not significantly associated with changes in refractive error, axial length or corneal radius. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that there is an association between sleep behaviour and myopia. Future longitudinal studies should explore sleep trajectory data pre‐ and post‐myopia diagnosis to confirm our results.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-10-2011
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2011.609913
Abstract: Computer use is associated with musculoskeletal complaints among office workers. Insufficient exposure ersity between tasks is a proposed etiological factor, but little information exists on ersity of tasks and information and communication technologies (ICT) among office workers. Direct observation and self-report data were collected on tasks performed and ICT used among 24 office workers, over 12 h in work and non-work environments. Self-reports were repeated on four additional days. Observations were for a mean [SD] 642[40] min. Productive tasks comprised 63% of observations, instrumental 17%, self-care 12% and leisure 8%. Non-ICT tasks comprised 44% of observations New electronic-based ICT 36% Old paper-based ICT 15%, and Combined ICT tasks 4%. Proportions of tasks and ICT use differed between environments and days. Information about ersity in tasks and ICT provides the basis for future investigations into exposure variation in ICT-intensive environments and possible musculoskeletal health risks. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Information and communication technologies (ICT) provide office workers access to perform work-related tasks after work hours and in away-from-work locations. Musculoskeletal disorder risk assessment for office workers should account for actual tasks performed over a work day, including away from work exposures. This study provides rich, detailed data on occurrence of tasks performed and ICT used by office workers throughout the day.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-03-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.895856
Abstract: Electronic games (e-games) are widely used by children, often for substantial durations, yet to date there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding their use. The aim of this paper is to present guidelines for the wise use of e-games by children based on a narrative review of the research. This paper proposes a model of factors that influence child-e-games interaction. It summarises the evidence on positive and negative effects of use of e-games on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, cardio-metabolic health, musculoskeletal health, motor coordination, vision, cognitive development and psychosocial health. Available guidelines and the role of guidelines are discussed. Finally, this information is compiled into a clear set of evidence-based guidelines, about wise use of e-games by children, targeting children, parents, professionals and the e-game industry. These guidelines provide an accessible synthesis of available knowledge and pragmatic guidelines based on e-game specific evidence and related research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RMED.2017.10.008
Abstract: This study explored the effects of ground-based walking training on physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants were randomised to a walk group (WG) [supervised, ground-based walking training, two or three times per week for 8-10 weeks] or a control group (CG) [usual medical care]. Before and after the intervention period, PA and ST were measured using the SenseWear
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.01.009
Abstract: This efficacy study assessed the added impact real time computer prompts had on a participatory approach to reduce occupational sedentary exposure and increase physical activity. Quasi-experimental. 57 Australian office workers (mean [SD] age=47 [11] years BMI=28 [5]kg/m Workers spent close to three quarters of their work time sedentary, mostly sitting at desks (mean [SD] total desk sitting time=371 [71]min/day longest bout spent desk sitting=104 [43]min/day). Intervention effects were four times greater in workers who used real time computer prompts (8% decrease in work time sedentary behaviour and increase in light intensity physical activity p<0.01). Respective mean differences between baseline and intervention total time spent sitting at desks, and the longest bout spent desk sitting, were 23 and 32min/day lower in prompt than in non-prompt workers (p<0.01). In this s le of office workers, real time computer prompts facilitated the impact of a participatory approach on reductions in occupational sedentary exposure, and increases in physical activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELEKIN.2006.09.015
Abstract: Computer display height and desk design are believed to be important workstation features and are included in international standards and guidelines. However, the evidence base for these guidelines is lacking a comparison of neck/shoulder muscle activity during computer and paper tasks and whether forearm support can be provided by desk design. This study measured the spinal and upper limb muscle activity in 36 young adults whilst they worked in different computer display, book and desk conditions. Display height affected spinal muscle activity with paper tasks resulting in greater mean spinal and upper limb muscle activity. A curved desk resulted in increased proximal muscle activity. There was no substantial interaction between display and desk.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70005-4
Abstract: Do symptomatic female office workers perform computing tasks with higher cervical postural muscle loads (in terms of higher litudes and less muscular rest) and more discomfort compared with asymptomatic in iduals? Are these differences in postural muscle loads consistent across bilateral (typing) and unilateral (mousing) conditions? an experimental case-control study. 18 symptomatic female office workers and 21 asymptomatic female office workers. Three conditions (typing, mousing, and type-and-mouse) were performed in random order. Muscle load was measured as median litude and gap frequency using surface EMG of bilateral cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius. Discomfort was measured using a numerical rating scale. The case group demonstrated 4.3% (95% CI 0.1 to 8.4) higher litude during typing and 3.5% (95% CI 0.1 to 6.9) higher litude during type-and-mouse in the right cervical erector spinae compared with the control group. There was a similar difference between groups in the left cervical erector spinae which also demonstrated a 1.2 gaps/min (95% CI -2.3 to 0.0) lower frequency during typing. The case group had significantly higher discomfort during all conditions compared with the control group. The case group demonstrated higher median litudes and lower gap frequencies than the control group during bilateral conditions (typing and type-and-mouse) compared with unilateral conditions (mousing) for both muscle groups. There was increased litude and decreased muscular rest in the cervical erector spinae of office workers performing typing and mousing tasks. These findings may represent a mechanism underlying computer-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.1002/JBMR.3583
Abstract: There is a critical need for longitudinal cohort studies to consider the association of the cumulative exposure of physical activity during childhood and adolescence and bone mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organized sports trajectories (that capture distinct and potentially meaningful patterns over critical developmental periods) and bone mass at age 20 years. Participation in organized sport was recorded by parental report at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years in 984 offspring (48% female) of a pregnancy cohort (Raine Study). Latent class analysis identified three trajectory classes in each sex. In females, these were "consistent sport participators" (48%), "dropouts" (34%), and "non-participators" (18%) in males, "consistent sport participators" (55%), "dropouts" (37%), and "sport joiners" (8%). Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) at age 20 years was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At age 20 years, after adjustment for covariates measured at age 20 years, including height, lean mass, physical activity, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alcohol, and smoking, males who were "consistent sport participators" had significantly greater whole-body and leg BMC than those who dropped out of sport (p < 0.001), whereas males who joined sports had significantly greater leg BMC than those who dropped out of sport (p = 0.002). Females in the "consistent sport participator" trajectory had significantly greater leg BMC than those who dropped out (all p = 0.004). Participation in organized sport during childhood and adolescence is associated with bone mass at age 20 years. Because attainment of optimal peak bone mass in young adulthood is protective against osteoporosis in later life, this may have long-term skeletal benefits. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-07-2013
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pistol holster position on pistol draw time and performance of police officers. Proficient use of the lethal force option is critical to an officer’s ability to survive. Traditionally, pistols were worn in hip holsters however, recently, thigh holsters have also become popular. The effect of holster position on pistol draw performance has not been investigated. For this study, 27 police officers, representing a range of holster familiarity, years of service, and gender, were assessed drawing a training pistol from both the thigh and hip holster positions via a 3-D motion analysis system. Participants were required to draw and fire toward a target as quickly and accurately as possible following a visual stimulus, three times successfully. Temporal characteristics, accuracy variability, and draw success rate were compared between the thigh and hip holster with repeated-measures ANOVA both unadjusted and adjusted for familiarity, years of service, and gender ( p .05). No differences in the temporal variables, accuracy variability, or success rate were detected between the hip and thigh holster positions, either adjusted or unadjusted. Holster familiarity was found to significantly affect draw success rate, with participants more successful when drawing from their familiar holster. Hip and thigh holster positions are both viable options in terms of draw time and accuracy. However, draw success rate will be negatively affected during initial use of an unfamiliar holster position. Further research should address the effect of familiarization on draw performance.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2016
Abstract: Adolescent tennis players are at risk for low back pain (LBP). Recent research has demonstrated a potential mechanical etiology during serves however, groundstrokes have also been suggested to load this region. Therefore, this study compared lumbar mechanics between players with and without a history of LBP during open and square stance tennis forehands and backhands. Nineteen elite, adolescent, male tennis players participated, 7 with a history of recurrent disabling LBP and 12 without. Differences in three-dimensional lumbar kinetics and kinematics were compared between pain/no pain groups and groundstrokes using linear mixed models ( P .01). There were no significant differences between pain/no pain groups. Relative to a right-handed player, groundstroke comparisons revealed that forehands had greater racquet velocity, greater lumbar right lateral flexion force, as well as upper lumbar extension/rightward rotation and lower lumbar right rotation/lateral flexion movements that were closer to or further beyond end of range than backhands. Backhands required upper lumbar leftward rotation that was beyond end range, while forehands did not. Given that players typically rotated near to their end of range during the backswing of both forehands and backhands, independent of pain, groundstrokes may contribute to the cumulative strain linked to LBP in tennis players.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2014
Abstract: Active-input videogames could provide a useful conduit for increasing physical activity by improving a child's self-confidence, physical activity enjoyment, and reducing anxiety. Therefore this study evaluated the impact of (a) the removal of home access to traditional electronic games or (b) their replacement with active-input videogames, on child self-perception, enjoyment of physical activity, and electronic game use anxiety. This was a crossover, randomized controlled trial, conducted over a 6-month period in participants' family homes in metropolitan Perth, Australia, from 2007 to 2010. Children 10-12 years old were recruited through school and community media. Of 210 children who were eligible, 74 met inclusion criteria, and 8 withdrew, leaving 66 children (33 girls) for analysis. A counterbalanced randomized order of three conditions sustained for 8 weeks each: No home access to electronic games, home access to traditional electronic games, and home access to active-input electronic games. Perception of self-esteem (Harter's Self Perception Profile for Children), enjoyment of physical activity (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale questionnaire), and anxiety toward electronic game use (modified Loyd and Gressard Computer Anxiety Subscale) were assessed. Compared with home access to traditional electronic games, neither removal of all electronic games nor replacement with active-input games resulted in any significant change to child self-esteem, enjoyment of physical activity, or anxiety related to electronic games. Although active-input videogames have been shown to be enjoyable in the short term, their ability to impact on psychological outcomes is yet to be established.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2005.02.001
Abstract: The importance of classifying chronic low back pain (LBP) patients into homogeneous sub-groups has recently been emphasized. This paper reports on two studies examining clinicians ability to agree independently on patients' chronic LBP classification, using a novel classification system (CS) proposed by O'Sullivan. In the first study, a sub-group of 35 patients with non-specific chronic LBP were independently classified by two 'expert' clinicians. Almost perfect agreement (kappa-coefficient 0.96 %-of-agreement 97%) was demonstrated. In the second study, 13 clinicians from Australia and Norway were given 25 cases (patients' subjective information and videotaped functional tests) to classify. Kappa-coefficients (mean 0.61, range 0.47-0.80) and %-of-agreement (mean 70%, range 60-84%) indicated substantial reliability. Increased familiarity with the CS improved reliability. These studies demonstrate the reliability of this multi-dimensional mechanism-based CS and provide essential evidence in a multi-step validation process. A fully validated CS will have significant research and clinical application.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2008.06.004
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of criterion validity and intra-tester reliability of humeral head palpation in subjects with shoulder pathology. The study also sought to determine whether there was any effect of arm position on humeral head position in subjects with shoulder pathology. In a same day repeated measures design, 27 subjects had the distance between the most anterior portion of the humeral head and the anterior edge of the acromion measured by a radiologist using MRI (supine), and by a physiotherapist using palpation and photography (supine, sit with arm in neutral and in abduction). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) for the difference between MRI and palpation ranged from 3.4 to 4.4mm and correlated significantly with palpation measures in sit (r=0.57-0.64, p<or=0.002). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) and SEMs for intra-tester reliability were 0.85 and 2.6mm for supine, 0.86 and 2.2mm for sit (glenohumeral neutral), and 0.91 and 3.0mm for sit (glenohumeral abduction). Significant differences between the positions of sit neutral and sit with abduction were found (p<0.001). Humeral head palpation in sit abduction demonstrates sufficient validity and reliability for clinical use.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-01-2018
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-1992
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-05-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-02-2004
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2016
Abstract: Two years on from the inaugural Active Healthy Kids Australia (AHKA) Physical Activity Report Card, there has been little to no change with the majority of Australian children still insufficiently active. The 2016 AHKA Report Card was developed using the best available national- and state-based physical activity data, which were evaluated by the AHKA Research Working Group using predetermined weighting criteria and benchmarks to assign letter grades to the 12 Report Card indicators. In comparison with 2014, Overall Physical Activity Levels was again assigned a D - with Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation increasing to a B (was B -) and Active Transport declining to a C - (was C ). The settings and sources of influence again performed well ( A - to a C +), however Government Strategies and Investments saw a decline ( C + to a D ). The traits associated with physical activity were also graded poorly ( C - to a D ). Australian youth are insufficiently active and engage in high levels of screen-based sedentary behaviors. While a range of support structures exist, Australia lacks an overarching National Physical Activity Plan that would unify the country and encourage the cultural shift needed to face the inactivity crisis head on.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2010
Abstract: Spinal pain is an important health issue for adolescents resulting in functional limitations for many and increasing the risk of spinal pain in adulthood. Whilst human and animal studies suggest nutrition could influence spinal pain, this has not been investigated in adolescents. The objective of this exploratory cross sectional study was to evaluate associations between diet and adolescent spinal pain. This study surveyed the spinal pain (neck and back) and nutrition (specific nutrients, broad food groups, diet quality and dietary pattern) of 1424 male and female adolescents at 14 years of age, in Western Australia. Back or neck pain were experienced by around half of the adolescents, with females more likely to experience spinal pain. Nutrition differed between sexes and deviated from optimal intakes. Vitamin B12, eggs, cereals and meat consumption were related to spinal pain in sex specific multivariate analyses including primary carer education level and adolescent waist girth and smoking. The findings of this study suggest that certain aspects of diet may have an association with spinal pain in adolescence.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1990
Abstract: Work-associated back problems are a major health issue for which the traditional approaches of manual skills training and worker selection have demonstrated little effect. The common alternative, direct ergonomics intervention, risks work group resentment and non-compliance problems. This paper describes a new ergonomics training approach which changes the role and content of training to facilitate staff and management collaboration.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-01-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-021-01062-6
Abstract: Skeletal muscle loss is common in advanced cancer and is associated with negative outcomes. In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), no study has reported body composition changes or factors associated with these changes. This study aimed to describe changes in body composition over time and its relationship with activity levels, dietary intake and survival. The study was a secondary analysis of data collected from a longitudinal observational study of patients with MPM. Participants completed 3-month assessments for up to 18 months. Participants with two dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were included. Changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total fat mass were used to categorise participants into phenotypes. Activity levels were measured with an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer and energy and protein intake was measured with a 3-day food record and 24-h recall. Eighteen participants were included (89% men, mean age 68.9 ± 7.1 years). Median time between DXA was 91 [IQR 84–118] days. Compared to participants with ASM maintenance ( n = 9), fewer participants with ASM loss ( n = 9) survived ≥12 months from follow-up ( p = 0.002). Participants with ASM loss increased sedentary time ( p = 0.028) and decreased light activity ( p = 0.028) and step count ( p = 0.008). Activity levels did not change in participants with ASM maintenance ( p 0.05). Energy and protein intake did not change in either group ( p 0.05). Muscle loss was associated with poorer survival and decreased activity levels. Interventions that improve physical activity or muscle mass could benefit patients with MPM.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-6870(96)00073-7
Abstract: This study evaluated the postural implications of using a laptop computer. Laptop computer screens and keyboards are joined, and are therefore unable to be adjusted separately in terms of screen height and distance, and keyboard height and distance. The posture required for their use is likely to be constrained, as little adjustment can be made for the anthropometric differences of users. In addition to the postural constraints, the study looked at discomfort levels and performance when using laptops as compared with desktops. Statistical analysis showed significantly greater neck flexion and head tilt with laptop use. The other body angles measured (trunk, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and scapula and neck protraction/retraction) showed no statistical differences. The average discomfort experienced after using the laptop for 20 min, although appearing greater than the discomfort experienced after using the desktop, was not significantly greater. When using the laptop, subjects tended to perform better than when using the desktop, though not significantly so. Possible reasons for the results are discussed and implications of the findings outlined.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-08-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.945493
Abstract: Office workers perform tasks using different information and communication technologies (ICT) involving various postures. Adequate variation in postures and muscle activity is generally believed to protect against musculoskeletal complaints, but insufficient information exists regarding the effect on postural variation of using different ICT. Thus, this study among office workers aimed to determine and compare postures and postural variation associated with using distinct types of ICT. Upper arm, head and trunk postures of 24 office workers were measured with the Physiometer over a whole day in their natural work and away-from-work environments. Postural variation was quantified using two indices: APDF(90-10) and EVA(sd). Various ICT had different postural means and variation. Paper-based tasks had more non-neutral, yet also more variable postures. Electronics-based tasks had more neutral postures, with less postural variability. Tasks simultaneously using paper- and electronics-based ICT had least neutral and least variable postures. Tasks without ICT usually had the most posture variability. Interspersing tasks involving different ICT could increase overall exposure variation among office workers and may thus contribute to musculoskeletal risk reduction.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-03-2019
DOI: 10.1136/OEMED-2018-105553
Abstract: It has often been suggested that screen work (ie, work on desktop, laptop, notebook or tablet computers) is a risk factor for neck and upper extremity symptoms. However, an up-to-date overview and quantification of evidence are lacking. We aimed to systematically review the association of exposure to screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms from prospective studies. An electronic database search (PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Scopus) for prospective studies on the association of exposure to screen work and musculoskeletal symptoms was conducted. Studies were synthesised regarding extracted data and risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted. After screening 3423 unique references, 19 articles from 12 studies (with 18 538 participants) were included for the current review, with the most recent exposure assessment reported in 2005. Studies described duration and input frequency of screen work (ie, computer, keyboard and mouse use, assessed using self-reports or software recordings) and musculoskeletal symptoms (ie, self-reported neck/shoulder and distal upper extremity symptoms and diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]). Although there was overall an increased occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms with larger exposure to screen work (relative risk: 1.11 [1.03 1.19]), findings were rather inconsistent with weaker (and statistically non-significant) risks when screen work was assessed by software recording (1.05 [0.91 1.21]) compared to with self-report (1.14 [1.03 1.19]). We found an increased risk of musculoskeletal symptoms with screen work. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, and it is striking that it lacks information from contemporary screen work using laptop, notebook or tablet computers.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.PTSP.2009.02.002
Abstract: To determine the inter-tester reliability of a clinical measure of humeral head position. Same day repeated measures inter-tester reliability study. 2 Western Australian Aquatic Centres. 15 Junior elite swimmers were measured by 3 investigators. The distance between the most anterior part of the humeral head and the anterior acromion was measured with shoulder in neutral position and hands on hips position. The humeral head SEMs ranged from 2.4 to 3.2 mm. ICCs were 0.60-0.68 in the hands on hips position and 0.49 in the neutral position. Significant differences existed between testers for some humeral head measures. Humeral head in the hands on hips position measure appears to be a clinically useful tool in assessment of the shoulder in young athletes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2017.05.011
Abstract: Young children (ages 3 to 5) are using mobile touchscreen technology, including tablet computers, yet little is known on the potential musculoskeletal and physical activity implications of its use. This within-subject laboratory study (n = 10) examined head, trunk and arm postures, upper trapezius muscle activity, and total body and upper limb physical activity during playing with tablets compared to during TV watching and playing with non-screen toys. Overall, this study found that during tablet play children had greater mean head, trunk and upper arm angles compared to both TV watching and toy play. Conversely, compared to toy play, children playing with tablets had lesser trunk, upper arm and elbow postural variation, lesser trapezius activity, more time sitting and lesser physical activity. Thus, to minimize potential musculoskeletal and sedentary risks, non-screen toy play should be encouraged and education and guidelines provided for parents and caretakers to support wise use of tablets.
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 10-2017
Abstract: Study Design Prospective cohort study of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Background Low back pain (LBP) commonly develops in adolescence and is a significant risk factor for adult LBP. A broad range of factors have been associated with the development of adolescent LBP, but prior literature has limitations related to characterization of LBP and the scope of risk factors considered. Objective This study aimed to identify potential factors contributing to the development of LBP, with and without impact, at 17 years of age, utilizing a broad range of exposures at 14 years of age. Methods Data from 1088 participants (52.1% female) with "no LBP," "LBP with minimal impact," and "LBP with impact" at 17 years of age and a range of measures from multiple domains, including spinal pain, physical, psychological, social, and lifestyle, at 14 years of age were collected for the study. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association of potential mechanistic factors at 14 years of age with LBP at 17 years of age. Results Female sex and back pain at 14 years of age were strongly associated with LBP at 17 years of age. Potential mechanistic factors for LBP outcomes at 17 years of age included exposures from the pain (neck/shoulder pain) and physical domains (standing posture subgroup membership, back muscle endurance, throwing distance), psychological domain (somatic complaints, aggressive behavior), social domain (socioeconomic area), and lifestyle domain (exercise out of school). Conclusion The findings support the multidimensional nature of adolescent LBP and highlight the challenge this presents for epidemiological research, clinical practice, and prevention initiatives in the general population. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017 (10):752-762. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7464.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/S20030740
Abstract: This study aimed to develop a wearable sensor system, using machine-learning models, capable of accurately estimating peak ground reaction force (GRF) during ballet jumps in the field. Female dancers (n = 30) performed a series of bilateral and unilateral ballet jumps. Dancers wore six ActiGraph Link wearable sensors (100 Hz). Data were collected simultaneously from two AMTI force platforms and synchronised with the ActiGraph data. Due to sensor hardware malfunctions and synchronisation issues, a multistage approach to model development, using a reduced data set, was taken. Using data from the 14 dancers with complete multi-sensor synchronised data, the best single sensor was determined. Subsequently, the best single sensor model was refined and validated using all available data for that sensor (23 dancers). Root mean square error (RMSE) in body weight (BW) and correlation coefficients (r) were used to assess the GRF profile, and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess model peak GRF accuracy. The model based on sacrum data was the most accurate single sensor model (unilateral landings: RMSE = 0.24 BW, r = 0.95 bilateral landings: RMSE = 0.21 BW, r = 0.98) with the refined model still showing good accuracy (unilateral: RMSE = 0.42 BW, r = 0.80 bilateral: RMSE = 0.39 BW, r = 0.92). Machine-learning models applied to wearable sensor data can provide a field-based system for GRF estimation during ballet jumps.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2015
Abstract: The detailed patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors of overweight and obese adolescents are unknown, but may be important for health outcomes and targeted intervention design. Participants completed Curtin University’s Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP), an 8-week intervention with 12 months of maintenance intervention. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed at 6 time periods with accelerometers and were analyzed by 1) time and type of day, 2) intensity bout patterns using exposure variation analysis, and 3) in idual case analysis. Participants (n = 56) spent a lower percentage of time at baseline in light activity during school days compared with weekend days (24.4% vs 29.0%, P = .004). The majority of time was in long uninterrupted sedentary bouts of greater than 30 minutes (26.7% of total time, 36.8% of sedentary time at baseline). Moderate activity was accumulated in short bouts of less than 5 minutes (3.1% of total time, 76.0% moderate time). Changes varied by in iduals. Exposure variation analysis revealed specific changes in activity patterns in overweight and obese adolescents who participated in a lifestyle intervention. A better understanding of these patterns can help to design interventions that meaningfully affect specific behaviors, with unique health consequences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2008.11.004
Abstract: Occupational low back pain is a significant problem among nurses. Recent literature suggests current occupational preventative strategies for nurses have not been effective. Given low back pain is already prevalent before commencing employment, nursing students should be the target of preventative interventions. Modifiable personal factors which contribute to low back pain have proven difficult to identify, but are thought to play an important role in the biopsychosocial nature of low back pain. To evaluate the contribution of personal biopsychosocial factors to low back pain in nursing students. Cross-sectional study comprising physical testing and questionnaires. Two university undergraduate nursing schools in Western Australia. 170 female undergraduate nursing students. Low back pain and control subjects were compared across social, lifestyle (physical activity), psychological (stress, anxiety, depression, back pain beliefs, coping strategies and catastrophising) and physical (spinal postures and spinal kinematics in functional tasks, leg and back muscle endurance, spinal repositioning error and cardiovascular fitness) characteristics. Low back pain was considered as either "minor" or "significant" depending upon pain severity, duration, impact and level of disability. Over 30% of all subjects (mean age 22.5+/-4.5 years) reported "significant" low back pain in the preceding 12 months. Univariate analysis: social measures did not distinguish between groups. Subjects with "significant" low back pain were more physically active (p=0.04), had higher stress scores (p=0.01) and used passive coping strategies (p<0.001) more than other subjects. "Significant" low back pain subjects held their lower lumbar spine in a more extended posture during transfers at bed height than other subjects. No differences between groups were found for sagittal spinal mobility, static spinal posture, muscle endurance, spinal repositioning error, cardiovascular fitness or other psychological measures. Multivariate analysis: regression analysis revealed stress, coping, physical activity, spinal kinematics, and age all contributed independently to the presence of low back pain, representing a significant 23% of variance. Modifiable lifestyle, psychological and physical factors were independently associated with low back pain in nursing students. Targeting personal factors associated with low back pain in nursing students, rather than occupational factors in working nurses may help improve the impact of low back pain in nurses. Prospective studies are required to confirm the relevance of these findings for risk of future low back pain in nurses.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-02-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2041734
Abstract: The potential for human-computer interaction to have a substantial impact on adults is well documented. However, its potential importance prior to birth has rarely been reported. Parental use of smartphones and tablet computers could influence the relationship between parent and baby during pregnancy (prenatal attachment) and thus child development. Twenty-seven families were interviewed to explore how parents used these devices during pregnancy, and how device use influenced parents' thoughts, feelings and behaviours towards their baby while in utero. All used devices for a variety of purposes, and all described good levels of prenatal attachment. Parents described both disrupted and enhanced connectedness as a result of device use, and increased parental stress. The findings highlight a new opportunity for how device design and use guidelines could support families to maximise benefits and reduce detriments of device use to optimise prenatal attachment, and thus future parent-child attachment and child development.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-04-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2036819
Abstract: Advice to limit or avoid a flexed lumbar curvature during lifting is widely promoted to reduce the risk of low back pain (LBP), yet there is very limited evidence to support this relationship. To provide higher quality evidence this study compared intra-lumbar flexion in manual workers with (
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 18-01-2018
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 16-06-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2005.01.005
Abstract: Prolonged static posture has been identified as a major risk factor for work-related neck and upper limb disorders (WRNULD) in computer users. Previous research has mainly examined working postures in healthy pain-free in iduals. The present study examined whether symptomatic subjects exhibited the same kinematic patterns as asymptomatic controls during a prolonged computer task. In a Case-Control comparison, female office workers performed the same computer task using the same adjustable computer workstation for 1h. Three-dimensional (3D) kinematics were measured in the head-neck, thorax and shoulder (upper arm) segments. Case Group subjects (n=21) displayed trends for increased head-neck flexion angles and greater ranges of movements than the Control Group (n=17). There were also small but significant differences between groups in side flexion and rotation angles of the head-neck region. The shoulder joints displayed significantly greater flexion and abduction angles on the right in both groups, although no group differences were observed. The increased neck flexion angles were associated with significantly higher activity in the upper trapezius muscle and with neck and shoulder discomfort. The in idual differences in postural habits appeared to be independent of the physical environment. These results suggest motor control changes are associated with the presence of WRNULD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2005.01.004
Abstract: Work-related neck and upper limb disorders (WRNULD) are common problems among office workers who use computers intensively and maintain prolonged static postures. These disorders have often been attributed to result from sustained muscle activity in the neck-shoulder musculature. The present study examined whether symptomatic subjects exhibited the same muscle activity patterns as asymptomatic controls when they performed a prolonged computer task under the same conditions. Surface electromyography (EMG) of four major neck-shoulder muscles were compared between a Case Group (n=23) and a Control Group (n=20) of female office workers. The Case Group had higher activity in the right upper trapezius (UT) while the Control Group had more symmetrical muscle activity between left and right UT. The Case subjects could also be differentiated into "High Discomfort" and "Low Discomfort" sub-groups based on their discomfort scores. The High Discomfort Group had significantly higher right UT activity compared to the Low Discomfort and Control Groups. Results suggested that symptomatic in iduals had altered muscle recruitment patterns that persisted throughout the sustained occupational task, while discomfort increased with time-at-task. These findings indicate that altered muscle recruitment patterns observed in the symptomatic subjects preceded the onset of task discomfort, and this finding may have important implications for the etiology of WRNULD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2017.04.009
Abstract: We assessed whether participants are able to perform abdominal bracing during lifting, and described its effects on trunk muscle activity and body kinematics. Fourteen participants performed 10 lifts (symmetrical lifting of a 15 kg load from floor level), 5 with abdominal bracing and 5 without. Activity of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and internal oblique (IO) muscles, and trunk and lower body kinematics were obtained. During non-bracing lifting, IO activity did not increase beyond rested standing levels (with average muscle activity ranging between 8.2 and 9.1% maximum voluntary contraction %MVC), while LM activity did (range: 8.5-21.0 %MVC). During bracing lifting, muscle activity was higher compared to non-bracing in IO and LM at the start of the lift (with average between condition differences up to 10.9 %MVC). Upper leg, pelvis and lumbar spine angles were smaller, but thorax flexion angles were larger while lifting with bracing compared to without (with average between condition differences ranging from 0.7° to 4.3°). Although participants do not typically brace their abdominal muscles while lifting, they can be trained to do so. There appears to be no clear advantage of abdominal bracing during lifting, leaving its value for low-back pain prevention unclear.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-03-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1080/00140139608964439
Abstract: Many manual handling activities involve combinations of pull, lift, carry, lower and push, yet few studies have investigated how to assess the risk of such combination tasks. Most recommendations assume that a combination task can be split into its components for assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the risks assessed in single manual handling tasks with those in combination tasks. Nine male and nine female students participated in a study to determine Maximum Acceptable Weights (MAWs) in single and combination tasks at different frequencies (1 min-1 and 3 min-1 for combination tasks and 3 min-1 and 6 min-1 for single tasks) and heights (floor, knuckle, shoulder). Combination tasks consisted of one each of the single tasks (pull, lift, carry, lower and push). The MAW of each combination task was compared to the MAWs of the single tasks of which it was composed using repeated measures analysis of variance with specified contrasts. In at least one of the 12 comparisons each single task MAW was found to be different from its related combination task MAW. It was concluded that the current use of single task MAWs to estimate the risk in combination tasks was unacceptable. Prediction models for combination task MAWs based on single tasks MAWs were also developed, using step-wise regression. Although coefficients of determination of around 0.8 were achieved it was argued that owing to their situation-specific nature the prediction of combination task risk using single task MAWs was likely to result in unacceptable risk errors.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-12-2016
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1123285
Abstract: Fitness is an important component of health, and obese adolescents regularly have poor fitness. Unfortunately, few have assessed the impact of community-based lifestyle interventions on multiple components of fitness. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of participation in a community-based intervention involving adolescents and parents on multiple components of fitness of obese adolescents. In a within-subject, waitlist controlled clinical trial with 12 months follow-up in Western Australia, participants (n = 56) completed multiple fitness measures at baseline, immediately prior to beginning an 8-week intervention and at 3, 6 and 12 months during a maintenance period. Performance on the shuttle walk was improved immediately post-intervention (increase of 42.8 m, 95% CI: 7.5, 78.2) and at 12 months post-intervention (increase of 44.6 m, 95% CI: 1.3, 87.8) compared with pre-intervention. Muscle performance of quadriceps and deltoids were improved post-intervention (increase of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.1) kg · F and 1.0 (0.02, 2.1) kg · F, respectively) and all muscle performance measures were improved at 12 months following the intervention. There were no changes in waist circumference. A community-based lifestyle programme such as Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP) may be a viable strategy for improving fitness in overweight adolescents.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.20127
Abstract: Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior however, the pattern of accumulation is not known. Thus the objective of this study was to describe the patterning of sedentary behavior of children at and away from school. The patterns of sedentary time in a s le of 53 children (28 girls) aged 10-12 years during school-term time were examined. Children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Total sedentary time, prolonged sequences (bouts) of sedentary time, and frequency of active interruptions to sedentary were examined on school days and weekends and within school time and non-school time on school days. The data did not support our hypothesis that children accumulated more sedentary time on school days when compared with weekend days (mean [SD]: 64.4% [5.3] vs. 64.9% [9.0], P = 0.686). However, when comparing school time with non-school time on school days, children accumulated more sedentary time at school (66.8% [7.3] vs. 62.4% [5.2], P < 0.001) and spent more time at school in sustained sedentary sequences, that is, uninterrupted sedentary time for 30 min or more (75.6 min [45.8] vs. 45.0 min [26.8], P < 0.002). The children also recorded less breaks per sedentary hour within school time when compared with non-school time (8.9 h(-1) vs. 10.2 h(-1) , P < 0.001). Reducing total sedentary time spent both in and out of school remains an important challenge. Interrupting sedentary time more often in the "working" (school) day could also reap important musculoskeletal and metabolic health rewards for children.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1097/J.PAIN.0000000000002411
Abstract: There is a need to better understand biological factors that increase the risk of persistent musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and heightened pain sensitivity. Knowing the heritability (how genes account for differences in people's traits) can enhance the understanding of genetic vs environmental influences of pain and pain sensitivity. However, there are gaps in current knowledge, including the need for intergenerational studies to broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of pain. Data from Gen1 and Gen2 of the Raine Study were used to investigate the heritability of MSK pain and pressure and cold pain sensitivity. Participants included parents (Gen1, n = 1092) and their offspring (Gen2, n = 688) who underwent a battery of testing and questionnaires including pressure and cold pain threshold testing and assessments of physical activity, sleep, MSK pain, mental health, and adiposity. Heritability estimates were derived using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines software. Heritability estimates for MSK pain and pressure pain sensitivity were significant, accounting for between 0.190 and 0.289 of the variation in the phenotype. By contrast, heritability of cold pain sensitivity was not significant. This is the largest intergenerational study to date to comprehensively investigate the heritability of both MSK pain and pain sensitivity, using robust statistical analysis. This study provides support for the heritability of MSK pain and pain sensitivity to pressure, suggesting the need for further convergence of genetic and environmental factors in models for the development or maintenance of these pain disorders.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 04-05-2020
DOI: 10.2196/15756
Abstract: The web-based BeUpstanding Ch ion Toolkit was developed to support work teams in addressing the emergent work health and safety issue of excessive sitting. It provides a step-by-step guide and associated resources that equip a workplace representative—the ch ion—to adopt and deliver the 8-week intervention program (BeUpstanding) to their work team. The evidence-informed program is designed to raise awareness of the benefits of sitting less and moving more, build a supportive culture for change, and encourage staff to take action to achieve this change. Work teams collectively choose the strategies they want to implement and promote to stand up, sit less, and move more, with this bespoke and participative approach ensuring the strategies are aligned with the team’s needs and existing culture. BeUpstanding has been iteratively developed and optimized through a multiphase process to ensure that it is fit for purpose for wide-scale implementation. The study aimed to describe the current version of BeUpstanding, and the methods and protocol for a national implementation trial. The trial will be conducted in collaboration with five Australian workplace health and safety policy and practice partners. Desk-based work teams from a variety of industries will be recruited from across Australia via partner-led referral pathways. Recruitment will target sectors (small business, rural or regional, call center, blue collar, and government) that are of priority to the policy and practice partners. A minimum of 50 work teams will be recruited per priority sector with a minimum of 10,000 employees exposed to the program. A single-arm, repeated-measures design will assess the short-term (end of program) and long-term (9 months postprogram) impacts. Data will be collected on the web via surveys and toolkit analytics and by the research team via telephone calls with ch ions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework will guide the evaluation, with assessment of the adoption/reach of the program (the number and characteristics of work teams and participating staff), program implementation (completion by the ch ion of core program components), effectiveness (on workplace sitting, standing, and moving), and maintenance (sustainability of changes). There will be an economic evaluation of the costs and outcomes of scaling up to national implementation, including intervention affordability and sustainability. The study received funding in June 2018 and the original protocol was approved by institutional review board on January 9, 2017, with national implementation trial consent and protocol amendment approved March 12, 2019. The trial started on June 12, 2019, with 48 teams recruited as of December 2019. The implementation and multimethod evaluation of BeUpstanding will provide the practice-based evidence needed for informing the potential broader dissemination of the program. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000682347 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372843& isReview=true. DERR1-10.2196/15756
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2012.11.001
Abstract: To investigate whether or not use of sit-stand desks and awareness of the importance of postural variation and breaks are associated with the pattern of sedentary behavior in office workers. The data came from a cross-sectional observation study of Swedish call centre workers. Inclinometers recorded 'seated' or 'standing/walking' episodes of 131 operators over a full work shift. Differences in sedentary behavior based on desk type and awareness of the importance of posture variation and breaks were assessed by non-parametric analyses. 90 (68.7%) operators worked at a sit-stand desk. Working at a sit-stand desk, as opposed to a sit desk, was associated with less time seated (78.5 vs 83.8%, p = 0.010), and less time taken to accumulate 5 min of standing/walking (36.2 vs 46.3 min, p = 0.022), but no significant difference to sitting episode length or the number of switches between sitting and standing/walking per hour. Ergonomics awareness was not associated with any sedentary pattern variable among those using a sit-stand desk. Use of sit-stand desks was associated with better sedentary behavior in call centre workers, however ergonomics awareness did not enhance the effect.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 15-04-2023
Abstract: evice-based measurements of physical behavior, using the current methods, place a large burden on participants. The MOTUS system could reduce this burden by removing the necessity for in-person meetings, replacing diaries written on paper with digital diaries, and increasing the automation of feedback generation. o describe the development of the MOTUS system and evaluate the potential of MOTUS to reduce participant burden in a two-phase usability evaluation. OTUS was developed around 1) a thigh-worn accelerometer with Bluetooth data transfer, 2) a smartphone app containing an attachment guide, a digital diary, and facilitating automated data transfer, 3) a cloud infrastructure for data storage, 4) an analysis software to generate feedback for participants, and 5) a web-based app for administrators. We recruited 19 adults (mean age [SD, range] 45 [11, 27-63] years, 11 female) to assist in the two-phase evaluation of MOTUS. In phase one, seven participants evaluated the usability of mockups for a smartphone app. Participants interacted with the app while thinking aloud and any issues raised were classified as critical, serious, or minor, by observers. This information was used to create an improved and functional smartphone app for evaluation in phase two. In phase two, 12 participants completed a 7-day free-living measurement with MOTUS. On day 1, participants attempted 20 system-related tasks under observation, including registration on the study webpage, reading the information letter, downloading and navigating the smartphone app, attaching an accelerometer on the thigh, and completing a diary entry for both work and sleep hours. The success of task completion and any issues encountered were noted by the observer. On completion of the 7-day measurement, participants provided a rating from 0 to 100 on the System Usability Scale and participated in a semi-structured interview aimed at understanding their experience in more detail. ask completion rate was 100% for 13/20 tasks, % for 4/20 tasks, and % for 3/20 tasks. The average rating of system usability was 86 on a 0-100 scale. Thematic analysis indicated that participants perceived the system as easy to use, easy to remember, and subjectively pleasing overall. Participants with shift work reported difficulty with the entry of sleep hours, and 66% of the participants experienced slow data transfer between the app and the cloud infrastructure. Finally, a few participants desired a greater degree of detail in the generated feedback. ur two-phase usability evaluation indicated that MOTUS can reduce the burden of device-based measurements on participants. Issues around the system’s slow data transfer, participants with atypical work shifts, and the degree of automation and detail of generated feedback, should be addressed in future iterations of the MOTUS system. R2-10.2196/35697
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2018.11.006
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify early life factors that were associated with childhood and adolescent organized sport participation trajectories. Participants were in the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort in Western Australia recruited from 1989 to 1991. Three organized sport trajectories over ages 5-17years were previously identified for girls (n=824: consistent participators, dropouts, and non-participators in sport) and boys (n=855: consistent participators, dropouts, joiners - those who joined sport in adolescence). Physical, psychological and social factors were measured from birth to age 5. For girls and boys, children who were breastfed, were taller, did not have behavior problems, and attended childcare were more likely to consistently participate. Girls who had a previous injury (Relative risk ratio 1.55: 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.29 vs never been injured) or who had parents who had worries about their child's health (1.56: 1.00, 2.42 vs no worries) were more likely to be in the dropout trajectory. Boys born preterm (2.00, 2.06, 3.76 vs full-term), did not have a previous injury (0.72, 0.53, 0.97 those with injury vs never been injured), had more difficult temperament (1.63, 1.02, 2.60 vs easy temperament), and higher family dysfunction (1.49, 1.06, 2.08) were more likely to be in the dropout trajectory. Early life factors were associated with membership in sport trajectories. Physical, psychological, and social factors may serve as early warning signs for parents and practitioners that children may be at higher risk of dropping out of sports.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-11-2021
Abstract: Childcare workers are reported to have poor cardiorespiratory fitness and health. The Goldilocks Work Principle argues that productive work should be designed with the right composition, intensity and alternations of physical behaviors so that workers get fit and healthy. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) composition, (2) intensity and (3) alternations of physical behaviors during work and leisure among childcare workers. Data were collected using accelerometers and heart rate monitors over five workdays among 51 childcare workers at five Danish childcare institutions. Workers mainly spent their work time sedentary (43.0%), spent little time (0.7%) at sufficiently high cardiometabolic intensity to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and often alternated between physical behaviors (67.0% occurred in bouts of min). These findings indicate that the workers have a composition of behaviors at work dominated by sedentary time, little time with high cardiometabolic intensity, and frequent alternations between behaviors. During leisure, workers spent more time sedentary (59.4%), more time at high cardiometabolic intensity (3.4%) and less time occurred in bouts min (38.7%). We see a potential for promoting cardiorespiratory fitness and health of childcare workers by redesigning the way they play with the children, so that work time with high cardiometabolic intensity is increased.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.HUMOV.2015.04.011
Abstract: Impaired motor development can significantly affect a child's life and may result in an increased risk of a range of physical and psychological disorders. Active video game (AVG) interventions have been demonstrated to enhance motor skills in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) however a home-based intervention has not been assessed. The primary aim of this study was to compare the changes in motor coordination between a 16 week period of AVG use, with 16 weeks of normal activities (NAG). The secondary aim was to compare the child and parent perceptions of their physical performance between the AVG and NAG conditions. Twenty-one 9-12 year olds (10 males) were confirmed to be at risk of DCD (⩽ 16th percentile Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (MABC-2) and ⩽ 15th percentile Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ)) and participated in this crossover randomised and controlled trial. Data was collected at study entry, after the first 16 week condition and following the final 16 week condition, including (1) the MABC-2, (2) three-dimensional motion analysis of single leg balance and finger-nose tasks, and (3) parent perception of physical skills. Participant perception of physical skills was collected only after the first and second conditions. There was no significant difference between AVG and NAG for any of the primary variables including the MABC-2, balance centre-of-mass path distance and finger-nose path distance. There was no significant intervention effect for secondary measures of motor coordination however the children perceived their motor skills to be significantly enhanced as a result of the AVG intervention in comparison to the period of no intervention. A 16 week home based AVG intervention did not enhance motor skills in children with DCD, although they perceived their physical skills to be significantly improved. Australia and New Zealand Clinical trials Registry (ACTRN 12611000400965).
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2016
Abstract: The current study explored whether a multidisciplinary family-based intervention underpinned by self-determination theory could enhance perceptions of parent need support, autonomous motivation, and quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents. Using a staggered-entry waitlist-period control design, adolescents ( n = 56) were assessed at baseline and preintervention (within-participant control), immediately following intervention, and at 3, 6, and 12 month follow-ups. Parents were trained in need-supportive behaviors within the broader context of an 8-week multidisciplinary intervention attended jointly with adolescents. Following intervention, significant improvements were demonstrated in adolescent perceptions of parent need support, autonomous motivation, and quality of life, and changes were maintained at the 1-year follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed changes in perceptions of parent need support predicted changes in quality of life indirectly via changes in autonomous motivation. Findings suggest overweight and obese adolescents are likely to benefit from multidisciplinary family-based interventions that aim to train parents in need-supportive behaviors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2011.09.017
Abstract: Comorbidities in adults negatively affect the course of low back pain (LBP). Little is known of the presence and/or impact of LBP comorbidities in adolescents. Subjects from the Raine Study cohort at age 17 years (n = 1,391) provided self-report of diagnosed medical conditions/health complaints, health-related quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]), lifetime experience of LBP, and specific LBP impacts (taking medication, missing school/work, interference with normal hysical activities). Latent class analysis was used to estimate clusters of comorbidities based on diagnosed disorders. Profiles of SF-36 and impact were examined between clusters. Four distinct comorbidity clusters were identified: cluster 1: Low probability of diagnosed LBP or any other medical condition (79.7%) cluster 2: High probability of diagnosed LBP and neck/shoulder pain, but a low probability of other diagnosed health conditions (9.6%) cluster 3: Moderate probability of diagnosed LBP and high probability of diagnosed anxiety and depression (6.9%) cluster 4: Moderate probability of diagnosed LBP and high probability of diagnosed behavioral and attention disorders (3.8%). The clusters had different SF-36 and LBP impact profiles, with clusters 3 and 4 having poorer SF-36 scores, and clusters 2 to 4 having greater risk for specific LBP impacts, than cluster 1. Identified comorbidity clusters support adolescent and adult studies reporting associations between LBP, other pain areas, psychological disorders, and disability. Tracking these clusters into adulthood may provide insight into health care utilization in later life, whereas identification of these in iduals early in the life span may help optimize intervention opportunities.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-08-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-05-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2017.09.009
Abstract: Prolonged standing is common in many occupations and has been associated with low back discomfort (LBD). No recent studies have investigated a footrest as an intervention to reduce LBD associated with prolonged standing. This study investigated the effect of a footrest on LBD and sought to determine if LBD changes were accompanied by changes in muscle fatigue and low back end-range posture and movement. Twenty participants stood for two 2-h trials, one with and one without a footrest. LBD, lumbar erector spinae electromyography, upper lumbar (UL) and lower lumbar (LL) angles were measured. A significant increase in LBD occurred in both conditions but the footrest did not significantly decrease LBD. The only significant finding between conditions was that UL lordosis became more similar to usual standing over time with footrest use. These findings suggest that footrest use may not reduce LBD development and that development of LBD with prolonged standing is unlikely to be due to muscle fatigue or end-range posture mechanisms.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-04-2016
Publisher: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
Date: 18-07-2019
DOI: 10.5271/SJWEH.3754
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-09-2019
Abstract: School-aged children are spending increasingly long periods of time engaged in sedentary activities such as sitting. Recent school-based studies have examined the intervention effects of introducing standing desks into the classroom in the short and medium term. The aim of this repeated-measures crossover design study was to assess the sit-stand behaviour, waking sedentary time and physical activity, and musculoskeletal discomfort at the start and the end of a full school year following the provision of standing desks into a Grade 4 classroom. Accelerometry and musculoskeletal discomfort were measured in both standing and traditional desk conditions at the start and at the end of the school year. At both time points, when students used a standing desk, there was an increase in standing time (17–26 min/school day) and a reduction in sitting time (17–40 min/school day). There was no significant difference in sit-stand behaviour during school hours or sedentary time and physical activity during waking hours between the start and the end of the school year. Students were less likely to report discomfort in the neck and shoulders when using a standing desk and this finding was consistent over the full school year. The beneficial effects of using a standing desk were maintained over the full school year, after the novelty of using a standing desk had worn off.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-03-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.1994.TB05545.X
Abstract: Dental therapists and assistants frequently experience musculoskeletal complaints associated with their work. In order to plan and implement programmes aimed at reducing the number of these complaints, the level and location of physical discomfort experienced by dental workers at work was documented to identify potential problem areas associated with dental practice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.13130
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-04-2019
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1562107
Abstract: This study aimed to describe contemporary technology use, especially smartphones and tablets (mobile touch screen devices), and examine associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health among adolescents in Singapore. A representative s le of 1884 adolescents (50.4% girls) from grades primary 5 to post-secondary (10-18 years old), recruited from 13 schools, completed an online questionnaire in class. Total technology use was high, with smartphone duration being highest (mean = 264 [SD = 243] min/day). Patterns of use, including multitasking and bout length, were influenced by gender, school level, type of device and activities. Musculoskeletal discomfort and visual symptoms were commonly reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, more hours/day of smartphone use was associated with increased risk of neck/shoulders, upper back, arms and wrist/hand discomfort (OR = 1.04[95%CI = 1.01-1.07] to 1.07[1.03-1.10]) and visual symptoms (OR = 1.05[1.02-1.08]), but was associated with decreased odds of myopia (OR = 0.97[0.94-0.99]). No significant associations were found for tablet use.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-03-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2214.2006.00599.X
Abstract: Increasing use of computers by children has raised concerns over the potential impact on their cognitive, social, educational, visual and physical development. Despite this concern, there are no large-scale studies relating the use of computers to specific health indicators in children as they reach school age. A cross-sectional analysis of 1600 5-year-old Western Australian children participating in a longitudinal cohort study was conducted to ascertain their computer use, other activities (watching television and videos, playing electronic games, reading and looking at books, drawing on paper and moderate to vigorous physical activity), and specific health indicators. More than half (56%) of the children used computers each week. Computer use was significantly related to TV viewing (OR 1.97 weekday) and electronic game use (console games OR 2.48 weekday, 1.81 weekend hand-held games OR 1.88 weekend) and negatively associated with vigorous physical activity on weekends (OR 0.72). Computer use was also significantly related to socio-economic indicators such as the mother being older (40+ years, OR 1.70 weekend, 1.73 weekday), tertiary educated (OR 1.63 weekend) and studying (OR 1.52 weekend, 1.41 weekday). Almost 1% children were reported to have complained of tired or sore muscles, and 2.2% had complained of tired or sore eyes, after watching television or using a computer. A substantial proportion of 5-year-old Western Australian children are using computers. Computer use was related to other sedentary activities and less vigorous activity. While musculoskeletal and vision problems are not widespread, their presence and the sedentary nature of computer use is of public health concern.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 05-08-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-05-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2067357
Abstract: This study aimed to assess occupational health professionals' application of the Goldilocks Work Paradigm in redesigning jobs for healthier physical behaviours while maintaining productivity. During a group simulation exercise, participants (
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CCH.12305
Abstract: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are highly inactive and sedentary. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a home-based active video game intervention on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children at risk for DCD. In a crossover randomized clinical trial, 21 children (mean age 11.0, SD 1.0 n = 11 girls) in Perth, Western Australia participated in two 16-week periods: no active video games (AVGs) control period and AVGs intervention period. Two active input consoles were provided to participants along with a selection of non-violent AVGs for participants to play at home. Participants wore accelerometers at baseline and following each period to determine minutes of sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous times in addition to self-reported types of activities in a diary. Linear mixed models, adjusted for the order of periods, compared physical activity and sedentary time during the last week of each period. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control periods in time spent in sedentary (decrease of -1.0 min/day during the intervention period, 95%CI -12.1, 10.1), light (increase of 2.2 min/day, 95%CI -8.8, 13.2), moderate (decrease of 0.7 min/day, 95%CI -4.6, 3.3) or vigorous (decrease of -0.6 min/day, 95%CI -1.6, 0.4). Among children at risk for DCD, participating in this AVG intervention did not improve objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2016.10.013
Abstract: Active video games (AVGs) have been identified as a novel strategy to improve motor skill and physical activity in clinical populations. A recent cross-over randomized trial found AVGs to be ineffective at improving motor skill and physical activity in the home-environment for children with or at-risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The study purpose was to better understand why the intervention had been ineffective by examining the quantity and quality of AVG play during an AVG intervention for children with or at-risk for DCD. Participants (n=21, ages 9-12) completed the 16 week AVG intervention. Detailed quantitative and qualitative data were systematically triangulated to obtain the quantity of exposure (AVG exposure over time, patterns of exposure) and quality of use (game selection, facilitators and barriers to play). The median AVG dose (range 30-35min/day) remained relatively stable across the intervention and met the prescribed dose. Play quality was impacted by game selection, difficulty playing games, lack of time, illness, technical difficulties and boredom. The ineffectiveness of a home-based AVG intervention may be due to quality of play. Strategies to improve the quality of game play may help realize the potential benefits of AVGs as a clinical tool for children with DCD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-11578-Y
Abstract: Chronic medical conditions accumulate within in iduals with age. However, knowledge concerning the trends, patterns and determinants of multimorbidity remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity using extensive in idual phenotyping in a general population of Australian middle-aged adults. Participants ( n = 5029, 55% female), born between 1946 and 1964 and attending the cross-sectional phase of the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS) between 2010 and 2015, were studied. Prevalence of 21 chronic conditions was estimated using clinical measurement, validated instrument scores and/or self-reported doctor-diagnosis. Non-random patterns of multimorbidity were explored using observed/expected (O/E) prevalence ratios and latent class analysis (LCA). Variables associated with numbers of conditions and class of multimorbidity were investigated. The in idual prevalence of 21 chronic conditions ranged from 2 to 54% and multimorbidity was common with 73% of the cohort having 2 or more chronic conditions. (mean ± SD 2.75 ± 1.84, median = 2.00, range 0–13). The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking and family history of asthma, diabetes, myocardial infarct or cancer. There were 13 pairs and 27 triplets of conditions identified with a prevalence 1.5% and O/E 1.5. Of the triplets, arthritis ( 50%), bowel disease ( 33%) and depression-anxiety ( 33%) were observed most commonly. LCA modelling identified 4 statistically and clinically distinct classes of multimorbidity labelled as: 1) “Healthy” (70%) with average of 1.95 conditions 2) “Respiratory and Atopy” (11%, 3.65 conditions) 3) “Non-cardiometabolic” (14%, 4.77 conditions), and 4) “Cardiometabolic” (5%, 6.32 conditions). Predictors of multimorbidity class membership differed between classes and differed from predictors of number of co-occurring conditions. Multimorbidity is common among middle-aged adults from a general population. Some conditions associated with ageing such as arthritis, bowel disease and depression-anxiety co-occur in clinically distinct patterns and at higher prevalence than expected by chance. These findings may inform further studies into shared biological and environmental causes of co-occurring conditions of ageing. Recognition of distinct patterns of multimorbidity may aid in a holistic approach to care management in in iduals presenting with multiple chronic conditions, while also guiding health resource allocation in ageing populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/S0004-9514(08)70046-1
Abstract: Is neck/shoulder pain in adolescents related to their sitting spinal posture, taking account of gender? Cross-sectional survey and direct observation. 1597 adolescents from the 'Raine' birth cohort study (781 females, 816 males) with a mean age of 14.1 years (SD 0.2). Neck/shoulder pain prevalence and gender was measured by survey. Spinal posture (7 angles) during sitting was measured from photographs. Life, month, and point prevalence for neck/shoulder pain among adolescents were 47%, 29%, and 5% respectively. Life prevalence was 10% higher in females than in males and month prevalence was 12% higher. When looking straight ahead, females sat with 2 degrees (95% CI 1 to 3) less neck flexion, 2 degrees (95% CI 0 to 3) less craniocervical angle, 7 degrees (95% CI 6 to 8) less cervicothoracic angle, 13 degrees (95% CI 12 to 14) less trunk angle, 10 degrees (95% CI 8 to 12) less lumbar angle, and 9 degrees (95% CI 7 to 11) more anterior pelvic tilt than males. Adolescents with neck/shoulder pain sat with 2 degrees (95% CI 1 to 3) less trunk angle, and 1 degree (95% CI 0 to 2) less cervicothoracic angle than those without pain. After controlling for gender, OR for neck/shoulder pain ever predicted by any angle ranged from 0.99 to 1.00 (range of 95% CI 0.98 to 1.01). Neck/shoulder pain is highly prevalent in Australian adolescents. Sitting spinal posture differs between males and females and differs slightly between those with and without neck/shoulder pain. However, posture was not predictive of neck/shoulder pain ever after controlling for gender.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-03-2012
DOI: 10.1002/J.1532-2149.2012.00128.X
Abstract: Aboriginal people in Australia have been uniquely identified as less susceptible to chronic low back pain (CLBP) disability when compared to non-Aboriginal populations, reportedly due to cultural beliefs about pain. A qualitative, culturally secure research approach was used to explore this assumption. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 32 Aboriginal men and women with CLBP in regional and remote areas of Western Australia. Interviews were conducted collaboratively with male and female Aboriginal co-investigators, and with the support of local Aboriginal community organizations. A primary focus was to investigate the impact of CLBP from the perspective of Aboriginal people living with the condition. The experience of CLBP was found to be multidimensional, impacting on activities of daily life, employment, sport and family participation, emotional and cultural well-being. Contrary to previous assumptions, CLBP is profoundly disabling for some Aboriginal people and a priority health concern. Issues of gender, cultural obligations and the emotional consequences of CLBP are important consideration for health care. These findings, and the contextual approach used to gain an in-depth understanding of CLBP, may be relevant to populations elsewhere.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-018-9721-4
Abstract: To identify "activity phenotypes" from accelerometer-derived activity characteristics among young adults. Participants were young adults (n = 628, mean age, 22.1, SD 0.6) in the Raine Study in Western Australia. Sex-specific latent class analyses identified sub-groups using eight indicators derived from 7-day hip-worn Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers: daily steps, total daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), MVPA variation, MVPA intensity, MVPA bout duration, sedentary-to-light ratio, sedentary-to-light ratio variation, and sedentary bout duration. Five activity phenotypes were identified for women (n = 324) and men (n = 304). Activity phenotype 1 for both women (35%) and men (30%) represented average activity characteristics. Phenotype 2 for women (17%) and men (16%) was characterized by below average total activity and MVPA (10.6 and 16.7 min of MVPA/day, women and men respectively). Phenotype 3 for women (15%) and men (23%) was characterized by below average total physical activity, average MVPA (32.6 and 36.5 min/day), high sedentary-light ratio and long sedentary bouts. Phenotype 4 differed between women (29%) and men (18%) but both had low sedentary-to-light ratios and shorter sedentary bouts. Finally, phenotype 5 in both women (4%) and men (12%) was characterized by extreme MVPA metrics (81.3 and 96.1 min/day). Five activity phenotypes were identified for each gender in this population of young adults which can help design targeted interventions to enhance or modulate activity phenotypes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00420-017-1223-1
Abstract: Initiatives to reduce office-workplace sitting are proliferating, but the impact of pre-existing musculoskeletal symptoms on their effectiveness has not been determined. We assessed the influence of musculoskeletal symptoms on the outcomes of a workplace sitting intervention. Baseline and 3-month data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a workplace sitting intervention (Stand Up Victoria trial registration number ACTRN12611000742976) were used. Office workers (n = 231) from 14 work teams within one organisation were randomised (by worksite) to a multicomponent program with in idual-, organisational-, and environmental-level (sit-stand workstations) change strategies or, to a control condition (no intervention). Musculoskeletal symptoms in the low-back, upper and lower extremities (present/absent) were assessed through self-report. Linear regression models tested the moderation by baseline musculoskeletal symptoms of intervention effects on workplace sitting and standing time and on sitting and standing bout durations, assessed by the activPAL3™ activity monitor. There were significant reductions in sitting and increased standing at work (p < 0.05). However, effects varied significantly by the presence of pre-existing low-back (but not other) symptoms, with greater benefit being seen in those without symptoms. Effects on sitting time and sitting bout duration were weaker in those with low-back symptoms compared to those without by 34.6 [95% CI (0.9 68.3)] min/8-h workday and 5.1 [95% CI (0.2 9.9)] min, respectively. Comparable effects were seen for standing. Low-back symptoms may impact on the extent to which office workers change their workplace sitting and standing time. A prudent next step to improve the effectiveness of workplace sitting-reduction initiatives such as Stand Up Victoria may be to assess and address the needs of those who displayed comparatively limited behaviour change, namely those with pre-existing low-back discomfort.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2016.12.010
Abstract: Prolonged sedentary time is now recognised as an emergent ergonomics issue. We aimed to review current occupational safety and health policies relevant to occupational sedentary behaviour. An electronic search for documents was conducted on websites of ergonomics and occupational safety and health organisations from 10 countries and six international an-European agencies. Additionally, 43 informants (nine countries) were contacted and an international conference workshop held. 119 documents (e.g. legislation, guidelines, codes of practice) were identified. Using a qualitative synthesis, it was observed that many jurisdictions had legal frameworks establishing a duty of care for employers, designers/manufacturers/suppliers and employees. While no occupational authority policies focusing specifically on sedentary behaviour were found, relevant aspects of existing policies were identified. We highlight implications for ergonomics research and practice and recommend the development of policy to specifically address occupational sedentary behaviour and support workplace initiatives to assess and control the risks of this emergent hazard.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2009
Abstract: Thoracic spine pain (TSP) is experienced across the lifespan by healthy in iduals and is a common presentation in primary healthcare clinical practice. However, the epidemiological characteristics of TSP are not well documented compared to neck and low back pain. A rigorous evaluation of the prevalence, incidence, correlates and risk factors needs to be undertaken in order for epidemiologic data to be meaningfully used to develop evidence-based prevention and treatment recommendations for TSP. A systematic review method was followed to report the evidence describing prevalence, incidence, associated factors and risk factors for TSP among the general population. Nine electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies that reported either prevalence, incidence, associated factors (cross-sectional study) or risk factors (prospective study) for TSP in healthy children, adolescents or adults. Studies were evaluated for level of evidence and method quality. Of the 1389 studies identified in the literature, 33 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The mean (SD) quality score (out of 15) for the included studies was 10.5 (2.0). TSP prevalence data ranged from 4.0–72.0% (point), 0.5–51.4% (7-day), 1.4–34.8% (1-month), 4.8–7.0% (3-month), 3.5–34.8% (1-year) and 15.6–19.5% (lifetime). TSP prevalence varied according to the operational definition of TSP. Prevalence for any TSP ranged from 0.5–23.0%, 15.8–34.8%, 15.0–27.5% and 12.0–31.2% for 7-day, 1-month, 1-year and lifetime periods, respectively. TSP associated with backpack use varied from 6.0–72.0% and 22.9–51.4% for point and 7-day periods, respectively. TSP interfering with school or leisure ranged from 3.5–9.7% for 1-year prevalence. Generally, studies reported a higher prevalence for TSP in child and adolescent populations, and particularly for females. The 1 month, 6 month, 1 year and 25 year incidences were 0–0.9%, 10.3%, 3.8–35.3% and 9.8% respectively. TSP was significantly associated with: concurrent musculoskeletal pain growth and physical lifestyle and social backpack postural psychological and environmental factors. Risk factors identified for TSP in adolescents included age (being older) and poorer mental health. TSP is a common condition in the general population. While there is some evidence for biopsychosocial associations it is limited and further prospectively designed research is required to inform prevention and management strategies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1997
Abstract: Although many manual handling activities involve combinations of pull, lift, carry, lower and push, there are few reports of investigation of how to assess the risk in these combination tasks. Two strategies have been suggested in the literature for estimating the risk in a combination task based on the measures of the separate components of that task. The aim of the study was to compare the risks assessed in single manual handling tasks with those in combination tasks. Ratings of discomfort, exertion and heart rate were collected from nine male and nine female students, performing combination and single tasks. Combination tasks consisted of sequences of pull, lift, carry, lower and push tasks. Combination tasks were performed at 1.min-1 and 3.min-1 whilst single tasks (lift, lower, push, pull and carry) were performed at 3.min-1 and 6.min-1. The rating of exertion and heart rate for each combination task was compared to the exertion rating and heart rate of the single tasks which comprised the combination task using repeated measures analysis of variance with specified contrasts. Similar comparisons for the discomfort data were performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. In at least one of the twelve comparisons performed for each dependent variable, the combination task value was significantly different to each single task value. The differences occurred regardless of whether the most critical single task value or an average of all single task values was used. It was concluded that the risk in combination manual tasks can not be accurately assessed by using estimates from discomfort, exertion ratings and heart rate measures of single tasks.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00420-018-1289-4
Abstract: The average Australian working week in middle-aged and older workers exceeds government recommendations. Long working weeks are associated with poor health outcomes however, the relationship between long working weeks and health in young Australian workers is unknown. Data were drawn from the 22-year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study in Perth, Western Australia. Information was available from 873 young adults about working hours per week, shift work and sleep duration. Blood s les provided measures of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors. Almost one-third (32.8%) of young workers reported > 38 h working weeks. This was commonly reported in mining and construction industries for males health and social assistance, mining and retail trade industries for females. CMR factors including increased waist circumference, higher fasting plasma glucose and reduced HDL cholesterol were associated with > 38 h working weeks. These relationships were not moderated by gender or by BMI for glucose and HDL cholesterol. Total sleep time was significantly lower in both male and female workers reporting > 38 h working weeks, but did not mediate the relationships seen with CMR factors. These findings point to early associations between > 38 h working weeks and CMR risk, and highlight the potential benefit of making young employees aware of the health associations with working arrangements to reduce the longer-term relationships seen with working hours and poor cardiometabolic health in population studies.
Publisher: The Sax Institute
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.17061/PHRP2631636
Abstract: The Western Australian Data Linkage System is one of a few comprehensive, population-based data linkage systems worldwide, creating links between information from different sources relating to the same in idual, family, place or event, while maintaining privacy. The Raine Study is an established cohort study with more than 2000 currently active participants. In idual consent was obtained from participants for information in publicly held databases to be linked to their study data. A waiver of consent was granted where it was impracticable to obtain consent. Approvals to link the datasets were obtained from relevant ethics committees and data custodians. The Raine Study dataset was subsequently linked to academic testing data collected by the Western Australian Department of Education. Examination of diet and academic performance showed that children who were predominantly breastfed for at least 6 months scored higher academically at age 10 than children who were breastfed for less than 6 months. A further study found that better diet quality at ages 1, 2 and 3 years was associated with higher academic scores at ages 10 and 12 years. Examination of nutritional intake at 14 years of age found that a better dietary pattern was associated with higher academic performance. The detailed longitudinal data collected in the Raine Study allowed for adjustment for multiple covariates and confounders. Data linkage reduces the burden on cohort participants by providing additional information without the need to contact participants. It can give information on participants who have been lost to follow-up provide or complement missing data give the opportunity for validation studies comparing recall of participants with administrative records increase the population s le of studies by adding control participants from the general population and allow for the adjustment of multiple covariates and confounders. The Raine Study dataset is extensive and detailed, and can be further improved by linking to other external data sources. By linking educational outcomes to the Raine Study database, it was shown across three different age groups that a healthy diet was consistently associated with higher academic performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Abstract: Relatively little is known about the relations between dietary patterns and bone health in adolescence, which is a period of substantial bone mass accrual. We derived dietary patterns that were hypothesized to be related to bone health on the basis of their protein, calcium, and potassium contents and investigated their prospective associations with bone mineral density (BMD), bone area, and bone mineral content (BMC) in a cohort of young adults. The study included 1024 young adults born to mothers who were participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Dietary information was obtained from food-frequency questionnaires at 14 and 17 y of age. Dietary patterns were characterized according to protein, calcium, and potassium intakes with the use of reduced-rank regression. BMD, bone area, and BMC were estimated with the use of a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan at 20 y of age. We identified 2 major dietary patterns. The first pattern was positively correlated with intakes of protein, calcium, and potassium and had high factor loadings for low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and vegetables. The second pattern was positively correlated with protein intake but negatively correlated with intakes of calcium and potassium and had high factor loadings for meat, poultry, fish, and eggs. After adjustment for anthropometric, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors, a higher z score for the first pattern at 14 y of age was positively associated with BMD and BMC at 20 y of age [differences: 8.6 mg/cm(2) (95% CI: 3.0, 14.1 mg/cm(2)) and 21.9 g (95% CI: 6.5, 37.3 g), respectively, per SD increase in z score]. The z score for this same pattern at 17 y of age was not associated with bone outcomes at 20 y of age. The second pattern at 14 or 17 y of age was not associated with BMD, BMC, or bone area. A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of protein, calcium, and potassium in midadolescence was associated with higher BMD and BMC at 20 y of age. Our results indicate that high consumption of low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and vegetables in adolescence are associated with beneficial effects on bone development.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELEKIN.2007.11.011
Abstract: Children now have considerable exposure to new information technologies (IT) such as desktop computers. A reported association between computer use and discomfort in children has prompted concerns about the musculoskeletal stresses associated with computer use. There were no detailed data on children reading and writing, nor any evidence on the variability of postures and muscle activity whilst children use IT. Twenty-four children (10-12 years old 12 male) performed a reading and writing task using new IT (computer/keyboard/mouse with high display and mid height display) and old IT (book aper en). Spinal and upper limb 3D posture and muscle activity were recorded and estimates of mean and variation calculated. The mean postures for children reading and writing with computers were more neutral than when they read and wrote with old IT. Similarly, mean muscle activity levels were lower during computer use than old IT use. However, new IT use also resulted in less variable, more monotonous postures and muscle activities. Moderate differences in computer display height had little effect on posture and muscle activity variation. Variation in musculoskeletal stresses is considered an important component of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Children should therefore be encouraged to ensure task variety when using new IT to offset the greater posture and muscle activity monotony.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-02-2019
DOI: 10.2196/12782
Abstract: Excess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. This 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing c aign (LiveLighter). All eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. Enrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. Tailored email feedback provided to in iduals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369 www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325& isReview=true DERR1-10.2196/12782
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2011
Abstract: There is a high prevalence of mental health problems amongst adolescents. In addition there is a high prevalence of spinal pain in this population. Evidence suggests that these conditions are related. This study sought to extend earlier findings by examining the relationship between mental health problems as measured by the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) and the experience of back and neck pain in adolescents. One thousand five hundred and eighty participants (mean age 14.1 years) from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study provided cross-sectional spinal pain and CBCL data. As predicted, there was a high prevalence of back and neck pain in this cohort. On the whole, females reported more mental health difficulties than males. There were strong relationships between the majority of symptom scales of the CBCL and back and neck pain. Scores on the CBCL were associated with higher odds of comorbid back and neck pain. These findings strongly support the need to consider both psychological and pain symptoms when providing assessments and treatment for adolescents. Further research is required to inform causal models.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-06-2020
Publisher: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
Date: 22-08-2018
DOI: 10.5271/SJWEH.3760
Abstract: Objectives Using an employer's perspective, this study aimed to compare the immediate and longer-term impact of workplace ergonomics and neck-specific exercise versus ergonomics and health promotion information on health-related productivity among a general population of office workers and those with neck pain. Methods A prospective one-year cluster randomized trial was conducted. Participants received an in idualized workstation ergonomics intervention, combined with 12 weeks of either workplace neck-specific exercises or health promotion information. Health-related productivity at baseline, post-intervention and 12-months was measured with the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed using multilevel mixed models. Results We recruited 763 office workers from 14 organizations and allocated them to 100 clusters. For the general population of office workers, monetized productivity loss at 12 months [AU$1464 (standard deviation [SD] 1318) versus AU$1563 (SD=1039) P=0.023] and presenteeism at 12 months [2.0 (SD 1.2) versus 2.4 (SD 1.4) P=0.007] was lower in the exercise group compared to those in the health promotion information group. For office workers with neck pain, exercise participants had lower sickness absenteeism at 12 months compared to health promotion information participants [0.7 days (SD 1.0) versus 1.4 days (SD 3.1) P-=0.012], despite a short-term increase in sickness absenteeism post-intervention compared to baseline for the exercise group [1.2 days (SD 2.2) versus 0.6 days (SD 0.9) P<0.001]. Conclusion A workplace intervention combining ergonomics and neck-specific exercise offers possible benefits for sickness presenteeism and health-related productivity loss among a general population of office workers and sickness absenteeism for office workers with neck pain in the longer-term.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/HE12208
Abstract: Workplace practitioners are well placed to provide practical insights on sedentary behaviour issues in the workplace. This study consulted occupational health and safety (OHS) practitioners, examining their perceptions of sedentary health risks and views on strategies and influences to reduce and break prolonged occupational sitting. Three focus groups were conducted with convenience s les of OHS practitioners (n=34 6 men 46.4 ± 9.6 years) attending an Australian national conference in November 2010. Open-ended questions concerning health risks, sitting reduction strategies and influences were posed by lead researchers and practitioners invited to express opinions, viewpoints and experiences. Audio-recordings and summary notes of focus group discussions were reviewed by researchers to identify key response themes. OHS practitioners were well informed about the chronic disease and musculoskeletal risks associated with prolonged occupational sitting, but noted the importance of not replacing one workplace health issue (too much sitting) with another (too much standing). Ideas for strategies were erse and explored the dichotomy between providing choices for employees to stand and move more (e.g. sit-stand desks), as opposed to obligating change through adapting job and office design (e.g. centralising printers and scanners). Productivity concerns were cited as a major influence for change. OHS practitioners also highlighted the value of using cross-disciplinary expertise to bridge the gap between research and practice. This study identified that OHS practitioners in Australia have a good understanding of the risks of prolonged occupational sitting and potential strategies to manage these risks.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.14451
Abstract: Device‐assessed activity behaviours are a novel measure for comparing intervention outcomes in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)‐2 was a multi‐centre clinical trial where participants with MPE treated with an indwelling pleural catheter were randomized to daily (DD) or symptom‐guided (SGD) drainage for 60‐days. Our aim was to describe activity behaviour patterns in MPE patients, explore the impact of drainage regimen on activity behaviours and examine associations between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL). Following randomization to DD or SGD, participants enrolled at the lead site (Perth) completed accelerometry assessment. This was repeated monthly for 5‐months. Activity behaviour outcomes were calculated as percent of daily waking‐wear time and compared between groups (Mann–Whitney U test Median [IQR]). Correlations between activity behaviour outcomes and QoL were examined. Forty‐one (91%) participants provided ≥1 valid accelerometry assessment (DD n = 20, SGD n = 21). Participants spent a large proportion of waking hours sedentary (72%–74% across timepoints), and very little time in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity ( % across timepoints). Compared to SGD group, DD group had a more favourable sedentary‐to‐light ratio in the week following randomization (2.4 [2.0–3.4] vs. 3.2 [2.4–6.1] p = 0.047) and at 60‐days (2.0 [1.9–2.9] vs. 2.9 [2.8–6.0] p = 0.016). Sedentary‐to‐light ratio was correlated with multiple QoL domains at multiple timepoints. Patients with MPE are largely sedentary. Preliminary results suggest that even modest differences in activity behaviours favouring the DD group could be meaningful for this clinical population. Accelerometry reflects QoL and is a useful outcome measure in MPE populations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-03-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00192-018-3639-X
Abstract: Urogenital symptoms are prevalent in older women, but there is little data available on the prevalence, bother, impact and associations with low back pain (LBP), obesity, parity, mental health (MH) and quality of life (QOL) in young women. Our aim was to determine the prevalence, bother and impact of urogenital symptoms and to explore associations with LBP, obesity, parity, MH and QOL in 22 year-old women. This was a cross-sectional evaluation using data collected from 588 women in the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort in which participants have been regularly followed up from birth until 22 years. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, univariate comparisons and linear regression models. Prevalence of urogenital symptoms were stress urinary incontinence (SUI) 6.3%, mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) 11.5%, leakage of drops 5.8%, urge urinary incontinence (UUI) 5.3%, bothersome urinary frequency 41.5%, difficulty emptying 11.8% and urogenital pain 22.9%. Urinary frequency, MUI, difficulty emptying and urogenital pain were most bothersome, whilst difficulty emptying and urogenital pain were associated with greatest impact. Urinary frequency, SUI, leakage of drops, difficulty emptying and urogenital pain were associated with current LBP and LBP ever. Difficulty emptying and urogenital pain were associated with chronic LBP. Urogenital symptoms were not associated with obesity or parity. Women with urogenital symptoms had significantly poorer scores on the Mental Component Score of the Short Form Health Survey (SF)-12 and all aspects of the Depression Anxiety Stress Score. Urogenital symptoms are prevalent in young women, bothersome for some and are associated with LBP, poorer MH and reduced QOL.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60311-1
Abstract: Psychophysical and psychological criteria are accepted risk measures for manual handling task assessment, yet few reports have compared squat and stoop using these criteria. Seventeen university students participated in a within-subjects cross over design study to compare squat and stoop techniques using maximum acceptable weight (MAW), perceptions of exertion (RPE), discomfort and preference. Mean (SD) MAW for squat was lower than for stoop (7.0 (2.2) kg vs 8.5 (2.4) kg) and RPE for squat was greater than for stoop (15.2 (1.5) kg vs 13.3(1.5) kg). More subjects reported discomfort following squat and a preference for stoop. The results provide limited support for use of stoop rather than squat technique for lifting a medium sized box from floor to knuckle height.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-03-2019
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.PAIN.2010.04.031
Abstract: Health literacy, the ability to seek, understand and utilise health information, is important for good health. Suboptimal health literacy has been associated with poorer health outcomes in many chronic conditions although this has not been studied in chronic low back pain (CLBP). We examined the health literacy of in iduals with CLBP using a mixed methods approach. One-hundred and seventeen adults, comprising 61 with no history of CLBP and 56 with CLBP (28 with low and high disability, respectively, as determined by a median split in Oswestry scores) participated. Data regarding severity of pain, LBP-related disability, fear avoidance, beliefs about LBP and pain catastrophizing were collected using questionnaires. Health literacy was measured using the Short-form Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA). A sub-s le of 36 participants with CLBP also participated in in-depth interviews to qualitatively explore their beliefs about LBP and experiences in seeking, understanding and using information related to LBP. LBP-related beliefs and behaviours, rather than pain intensity and health literacy skills, were found to be important correlates of disability related to LBP. In iduals with CLBP-high disability had poorer back pain beliefs and increased fear avoidance behaviours relating to physical activity. Health literacy (S-TOFHLA) was not related to LBP beliefs and attitudes. Qualitatively, in iduals with CLBP-high disability adopted a more passive coping style and had a pathoanatomic view of their disorder compared to in iduals with CLBP-low disability. While all participants with CLBP had adequate health literacy scores (S-TOFHLA), qualitative data highlighted difficulties in seeking, understanding and utilising LBP information.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-08-2018
Abstract: Children are increasingly spending more time sedentary at school and during leisure time. This study examined the effects of a standing desk intervention in a classroom on children’s standing and sitting time at school, sedentary and physical activity levels throughout the day (waking hours), and musculoskeletal discomfort. A within-subjects crossover study design was used. Participants used either a standing desk or traditional seated desk for 21 days before swapping desks for another 21 days. Accelerometry and musculoskeletal discomfort data were collected during the last seven days of each 21-day period. Mixed models were used to analyse accelerometry data. Zero-inflated regression models and logistic regression models were used to analyse discomfort data. Forty-seven male students (aged 10–11 years) participated in the study. Standing time was 21 min/school day higher (p 0.001) and sitting time was 24 min/school day lower (p = 0.003) when standing desks were used. No significant differences were found in sedentary and physical activity time during waking hours between the standing desk and seated desk conditions. Students were less likely to report musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulder, elbows and lower back when using standing desks (OR 0.52–0.74). Standing desks significantly increased classroom standing time and decreased musculoskeletal discomfort reports but had no overall effect on daily physical activity levels. Schools should consider moving towards classrooms enabling a variety of postures to potentially improve the long-term health of children.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2018.03.003
Abstract: This study aimed to compare thumb kinematics and upper limb muscle activity, and the influence of hand size, when texting on a keypad smartphone and a touchscreen smartphone. Furthermore, the study compared exertion, discomfort, and performance when texting on the two phones. The thumb kinematics were tracked using a 3D motion analysis system and muscle activity was registered in six upper limb muscles using surface electromyography in 19 participants. When texting on the touchscreen phone compared to the keypad phone thumb flexion (p = 0.008) and flexion/extension range of motion were smaller (p = 0.02), the thumb was on average less internally rotated (p = 0.02), and activity (50th and 90th percentile) of the thumb and forearm muscles was lower (p ≤ 0.05). The differences in thumb flexion were found only in the group with shorter hands and the differences in muscle activity was found only in the group with longer hands. These findings suggest there are differences in risks for developing musculoskeletal disorders during smartphone use with different key activation mechanisms and different hand sizes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1539/JOH.K8007
Abstract: Spinal pain is a significant occupational health issue. Whilst neck pain and low back pain have received considerable attention, thoracic spinal pain (TSP) has not. The objective of this study was to systematically identify and report the evidence describing the prevalence and correlates of TSP within occupational groups. This literature review systematically searched for reports of TSP prevalence and associated factors for TSP in working adult cohorts using nine electronic databases. Studies were evaluated for level of evidence and epidemiologic data were narratively synthesised. 52 studies were identified describing 65 cohorts covering manual labourers, office workers, health professionals, manufacturing and industrial workers, drivers, military personnel and performing artists. Prevalence varied with occupational group and time period. One year prevalence of TSP ranged from 3.0-55.0%, with most occupational groups having medians around 30%. Significant odds ratios for in idual (concurrent musculoskeletal disorders, exercising, pre-menstrual tension and female gender), general work-related (high work load, high work intensity, perceiving ergonomic problems in the workplace, working in some specialised areas, performing boring/tedious work tasks, certain year levels of study, employment duration, driving specialised vehicles, and a high number of flying hours), physical work-related (manual physiotherapy tasks, climbing stairs and high physical stress) and psychosocial work-related (perceived risk of injury and high mental pressure) factors were reported. The high median prevalence rates suggest TSP may be a significant occupational health problem. The multiple domains of associated factors point to the need for prospective research encompassing these domains to inform targeted occupational interventions.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2009
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of active workstation designs on speed and error during typing, mouse pointing, and combined type and mouse-use tasks. Background: Office ergonomics has focused on musculoskeletal disorder prevention however, increasing computer-based work also increases health risks associated with inactivity. Workstations allowing computer users to walk or cycle while performing computer tasks have been shown to demand sufficient energy expenditure to result in significant health benefits. However the performance effects of being active while using a computer have not been documented. Method: Thirty office workers (16 female, 15 touch typists) performed standardized computer tasks in six workstation conditions: sitting, standing, walking at 1.6 km/h and 3.2 km/h, and cycling at 5 and 30 watts. Performance, perceived performance, and heart rate were measured. Results: Computer task performance was lower when walking and slightly lower when cycling, compared with chair sitting. Standing performance was not different from sitting performance. Mouse performance was more affected than typing performance. Performance decrements were equal for females and males and for touch typists and nontouch typists. Conclusion: Performance decrements maybe related to both biomechanical and cognitive processes. Active workstations may be less suitable for mouse-intensive work and susceptible users. Application: Although active workstations may result in some decrement in performance, their ability to increase daily energy expenditure may make them a feasible solution for workplace inactivity.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-11-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CHSO.12512
Abstract: This paper examines the evidence of children's agency in research about infants, toddlers and technologies. It finds that an implicit reliance on technological determinism as a theoretical perspective for positioning technologies relative to young children's development tends to shape research in terms of understanding the impact of technologies on young children. Drawing on critical constructivism as a philosophical stance on technologies, this paper argues that children's agency with technologies may be further investigated in terms of practice architectures to better understand the social mediation of infant and toddler interactions and engagements with technologies.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-08-2019
Abstract: he web-based BeUpstanding Ch ion Toolkit was developed to support work teams in addressing the emergent work health and safety issue of excessive sitting. It provides a step-by-step guide and associated resources that equip a workplace representative—the ch ion—to adopt and deliver the 8-week intervention program (BeUpstanding) to their work team. The evidence-informed program is designed to raise awareness of the benefits of sitting less and moving more, build a supportive culture for change, and encourage staff to take action to achieve this change. Work teams collectively choose the strategies they want to implement and promote to stand up, sit less, and move more, with this bespoke and participative approach ensuring the strategies are aligned with the team’s needs and existing culture. BeUpstanding has been iteratively developed and optimized through a multiphase process to ensure that it is fit for purpose for wide-scale implementation. he study aimed to describe the current version of BeUpstanding, and the methods and protocol for a national implementation trial. he trial will be conducted in collaboration with five Australian workplace health and safety policy and practice partners. Desk-based work teams from a variety of industries will be recruited from across Australia via partner-led referral pathways. Recruitment will target sectors (small business, rural or regional, call center, blue collar, and government) that are of priority to the policy and practice partners. A minimum of 50 work teams will be recruited per priority sector with a minimum of 10,000 employees exposed to the program. A single-arm, repeated-measures design will assess the short-term (end of program) and long-term (9 months postprogram) impacts. Data will be collected on the web via surveys and toolkit analytics and by the research team via telephone calls with ch ions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework will guide the evaluation, with assessment of the adoption/reach of the program (the number and characteristics of work teams and participating staff), program implementation (completion by the ch ion of core program components), effectiveness (on workplace sitting, standing, and moving), and maintenance (sustainability of changes). There will be an economic evaluation of the costs and outcomes of scaling up to national implementation, including intervention affordability and sustainability. he study received funding in June 2018 and the original protocol was approved by institutional review board on January 9, 2017, with national implementation trial consent and protocol amendment approved March 12, 2019. The trial started on June 12, 2019, with 48 teams recruited as of December 2019. he implementation and multimethod evaluation of BeUpstanding will provide the practice-based evidence needed for informing the potential broader dissemination of the program. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000682347 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372843& isReview=true. ERR1-10.2196/15756
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2018
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1420825
Abstract: Due to concerns about excessive sedentary exposure for office workers, alternate work positions such as standing are being trialled. However, prolonged standing may have health and productivity impacts, which this study assessed. Twenty adult participants undertook two hours of laboratory-based standing computer work to investigate changes in discomfort and cognitive function, along with muscle fatigue, movement, lower limb swelling and mental state. Over time, discomfort increased in all body areas (total body IRR [95% confidence interval]: 1.47[1.36-1.59]). Sustained attention reaction time (β = 18.25[8.00-28.51]) deteriorated, while creative problem solving improved (β = 0.89[0.29-1.49]). There was no change in erector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris or tibialis anterior muscle fatigue low back angle changed towards less lordosis, pelvis movement increased, lower limb swelling increased and mental state decreased. Body discomfort was positively correlated with mental state. The observed changes suggest replacing office work sitting with standing should be done with caution. Practitioner Summary: Standing is being used to replace sitting by office workers however, there are health risks associated with prolonged standing. In a laboratory study involving 2 h prolonged standing discomfort increased (all body areas), reaction time and mental state deteriorated while creative problem-solving improved. Prolonged standing should be undertaken with caution.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1080/00140130802331609
Abstract: Head and neck posture is an important factor in neck pain related to computer use however, the evidence for an optimal posture is unconvincing. This study measured the 3-D postures of 36 young adults during use of three different display heights. Cervical extensor muscle strain was estimated using modelled gravitational load moments and muscle capacities. The influence of more or less upper vs. lower cervical movement was also explored across a broad range of potential postures. Overall cervical extensor muscle capacity diminished away from a neutral posture whilst gravity moment increased with flexion. Overall cervical extensor muscle strain increased with head flexion but remained stable into head extension. In idual differences in the amount of upper and lower cervical movement had an important effect on strain, particularly for some muscles. Computer display height guidelines are an important component of ergonomics practice, yet the relative strain on neck extensor muscles as a function of display height has not been examined. The current findings provide more detailed biomechanical evidence that ergonomists can incorporate with usability and other evidence to determine appropriate display height recommendations.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2009
Abstract: An inconsistent relationship between physical activity and neck/shoulder pain (NSP) in adolescents has been reported in the literature. Earlier studies may be limited by not assessing physical activity in sufficient detail. The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the association between NSP and the level and nature of physical activity, and type of sedentary activity in adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis using data from 924 adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (RAINE) study was performed. Complete data were available for 643 adolescents (54.6% female) at the 14-year follow-up. Physical activity was measured using a detailed self-report electronic activity diary requiring participants to input details of all physical activities over the day in segments of 5 minutes for a one-week period. Physical activity levels were categorised as: sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous based on metabolic energy equivalents. Nature of activity was determined by assigning each activity to categories based on the amount of movement (static/dynamic) and the main posture assumed for the activity (standing/sitting/lying). Type of sedentary activity was characterised by exposure time to watching TV, using a computer, and reading. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between NSP and activity. Females reported a higher prevalence of lifetime, 1-month and chronic NSP than males (50.9 vs 41.7%, 34.1 vs 23.5%, and 9.2 vs 6.2% respectively). No consistent, dose-response relationship was found between NSP and the level, nature, and type of physical activity. Self-reported one month and lifetime NSP prevalence in adolescents is not related to the level or intensity of physical activity or the type of sedentary activity over a one week period.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11195870
Abstract: This study aimed to examine sedentary behaviour (SB), physical activity (PA) and their associations with health-related measures at the time of diagnosis in people with inoperable lung cancer. People newly diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer were invited to participate in the study and asked to wear an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Variables analysed included time spent in SB, light intensity PA (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Daily steps were also recorded. Data on symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), hand grip force, comorbidities and lung function were collected. Of the 120 patients referred to the study, 89 (74%) consented to participate, and SB/PA data were available for 79 (age 71 ± 11 years 29 females). Participants spent 71% of their waking time in SB, 28% in LIPA and 1% in MVPA. Regression models demonstrated that increased SB was associated with more symptoms of fatigue and dyspnoea (p ≤ 0.02 for both), poorer HRQoL (general health and physical component score p ≤ 0.02 for all) and lower hand grip force. For PA variables, higher daily step count was associated with better scores in all health-related measures (p 0.05 for all). LIPA was associated with more health-related outcomes than MVPA. These findings may guide future interventions in this population.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1991
Abstract: Work-associated back problems are a major problem in the British National Health Service. Attempts to reduce the problem can only be judged when effective measuring and monitoring systems are available. This article highlights the problems associated with some currently available systems and describes a new system developed especially for the health service. Ex les of the use of the new system are given to demonstrate its potential.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-03-2012
DOI: 10.1002/J.1532-2149.2012.00131.X
Abstract: There is significant evidence to suggest that psychological and stress-related factors are important predictors of the onset of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia (FM). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, together with the efferent sympathetic/adrenomedullary system, influence all body organs (including muscles) during short- and long-term threatening stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between genetic variants in adrenergic candidate genes and chronic musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in adolescents. Adolescents from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort attending the 17-year cohort review completed a questionnaire containing a broad range of psychosocial factors and pain assessment (n = 1004). Blood s les were collected for DNA extraction and genotyping. Genotype data was obtained for 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two candidate genes - beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Haplotypes were reconstructed for all in iduals with genotype data. Both female gender and poor mental health were associated with (1) an increased risk for chronic, disabling comorbid neck and low back pain (CDCP) and (2) an increase in the number of areas of pain. Of the 14 SNPs evaluated, only SNP rs2053044 (ADRB2, recessive model) displayed an association with CDCP [odds ratio (OR) = 2.49 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25, 4.98 p = 0.01] and pain in three to four pain areas in the last month (OR = 1.86 95% CI = 1.13, 3.06 p = 0.02). These data suggest that genetic variants in ADRB2 may be involved in chronic MSCs.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2018
Abstract: THIS PAPER REPORTS ON the findings of a sector-wide survey conducted as part of a multi-component process in Early Childhood Australia's development of a national Statement on young children and digital technology for those working within early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings. The survey sought broad comment and feedback from the Australian ECEC sector regarding adult perspectives on young children and digital technology. The cross-sectional online survey included 12 Likert scale items and three open-ended questions. Five hundred and fifteen participants representing various roles, ages and locations completed the survey. Findings suggest the sector holds erse and complex perspectives, including appreciation for the learning and teaching opportunities afforded via technology, and concerns for children's health and digital citizenship. Findings also highlight the need for evidence-based practices and sector-wide support in the pedagogical use of technology that enhances children's physical, emotional and social health and development.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-11-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2008.09.004
Abstract: Desk design and computer display height can affect posture and muscle activation during computer use. Amplitudes of postural variables and muscle activity during computer use do not explain the results from epidemiological studies of musculoskeletal discomfort and disorders related to computer use. The purpose of this study was to assess variability of posture and muscle activity during work with two computer display heights and book aper, in conjunction with a curved desk designed to provide forearm support and a traditional, straight desk. 18 male and 18 female participants performed 10-min tasks involving keying, mousing, reading and writing in six desk/display conditions. 3D posture and surface emg were assessed for the final 2 min of each task. The curved desk resulted in greater postural and muscle activity variation, suggesting an advantage of this supportive surface over the straight desk. There was little difference in variability associated with the two display heights. However, greater variability of posture and muscle activity was evident with the book aper condition. Non-touch typists had greater neck flexion variation. The design of information technology tasks and workstations can influence the short term variation in posture and muscle activity. Variation is influenced independently of mean postures and muscle litudes and therefore needs to be considered to adequately assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-08-2018
Abstract: Office workers are exposed to high levels of sedentary time. In addition to cardio-vascular and metabolic health risks, this sedentary time may have musculoskeletal and/or cognitive impacts on office workers. Participants (n = 20) undertook two hours of laboratory-based sitting computer work to investigate changes in discomfort and cognitive function (sustained attention and problem solving), along with muscle fatigue, movement and mental state. Over time, discomfort increased in all body areas (total body IRR [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.33–1.53]) reaching clinically meaningful levels in the low back and hip/thigh/buttock areas. Creative problem solving errors increased (β = 0.25 [0.03–1.47]) while sustained attention did not change. There was no change in erector spinae, trapezius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and external oblique median frequency or litude low back angle changed towards less lordosis, pelvis movement increased, and mental state deteriorated. There were no substantial correlations between discomfort and cognitive function. The observed changes suggest prolonged sitting may have consequences for musculoskeletal discomfort and cognitive function and breaks to interrupt prolonged sitting are recommended.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELEKIN.2005.06.004
Abstract: The problem of work-related neck and upper limb disorders among computer users has been reported extensively in the literature, and commonly cited risk factors include static posture, speed and force of keyboard operation. The present study examined changes in median frequency (MF) of the neck-shoulder muscles in symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers when they were exposed to these three physical stressors. A quasi-experimental Case-Control design was used to examine MF changes in two groups of female office workers when they were subjected to controlled doses of computer work involving prolonged static posture, increased typing speed and increased typing force. The MF of four major neck-shoulder muscles were examined bilaterally and compared between groups. The MF changes over time-at-task did not clearly illustrate any muscle fatigue mechanism. However, Case Group consistently showed trends for higher MF than the Control Group, and this pattern was observed in response to all three physical stressors. The consistent group differences in MF suggest different muscle recruitment strategies between symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers. These results implied that symptomatic in iduals had altered motor control, which may have important implications in understanding the etiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 15-12-2021
Abstract: here is increasing recognition of the need for more comprehensive surveillance data, including information on physical activity of all intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep. However, meeting this need poses significant challenges for current surveillance systems, which are mainly reliant on self-report. he primary objective of this project is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a sensor-based system for use in the surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (SurPASS) at a national level in Denmark. he SurPASS project involves an international, multidisciplinary team of researchers collaborating with an industrial partner. The SurPASS system consists of (1) a thigh-worn accelerometer with Bluetooth connectivity, (2) a smartphone app, (3) an integrated back end, facilitating the automated upload, analysis, storage, and provision of in idualized feedback in a manner compliant with European Union regulations on data privacy, and (4) an administrator web interface (web application) to monitor progress. The system development and evaluation will be performed in 3 phases. These phases will include gathering user input and specifications (phase 1), the iterative development, evaluation, and refinement of the system (phase 2), and the feasibility evaluation (phase 3). he project started in September 2020 and completed phase 2 in February 2022. Phase 3 began in March 2022 and results will be made available in 2023. f feasible, the SurPASS system could be a catalyst toward large-scale, sensor-based surveillance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. It could also be adapted for cohort and interventional research, thus contributing to the generation of evidence for both interventions and public health policies and recommendations. ERR1-10.2196/35697
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-04-2018
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1462891
Abstract: We examined the association of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) with workplace sitting, standing and stepping time, as well as sitting and standing time accumulation (i.e. usual bout duration of these activities), measured objectively with the activPAL3 monitor. Using baseline data from the Stand Up Victoria trial (216 office workers, 14 workplaces), cross-sectional associations of occupational activities with self-reported MSS (low-back, upper and lower extremity symptoms in the last three months) were examined using probit regression, correcting for clustering and adjusting for confounders. Sitting bout duration was significantly (p < 0.05) associated, non-linearly, with MSS, such that those in the middle tertile displayed the highest prevalence of upper extremity symptoms. Other associations were non-significant but sometimes involved large differences in symptom prevalence (e.g. 38%) by activity. Though causation is unclear, these non-linear associations suggest that sitting and its alternatives (i.e. standing and stepping) interact with MSS and this should be considered when designing safe work systems. Practitioner summary: We studied associations of objectively assessed occupational activities with musculoskeletal symptoms in office workers. Workers who accumulated longer sitting bouts reported fewer upper extremity symptoms. Total activity duration was not significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. We underline the importance of considering total volumes and patterns of activity time in musculoskeletal research.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 14-05-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098540
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests the existence of a physical activity paradox, with beneficial health outcomes associated with leisure time physical activity, but detrimental health outcomes for those engaging in high level occupational physical activity. This is the first quantitative systematic review of evidence regarding the association between occupational physical activity and all-cause mortality. Systematic review with meta-analysis. A literature search was performed in electronic databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane. We screened for peer reviewed articles from prospective studies assessing the association of occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis assessed the association of high (compared with low) level occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality, estimating pooled hazard ratios (HR) (with 95% CI). 2490 unique articles were screened and 33 (from 26 studies) were included. Data from 17 studies (with 193 696 participants) were used in a meta-analysis, showing that men with high level occupational physical activity had an 18% increased risk of early mortality compared with those engaging in low level occupational physical activity (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34). No such association was observed among women, for whom instead a tendency for an inverse association was found (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01). The results of this review indicate detrimental health consequences associated with high level occupational physical activity in men, even when adjusting for relevant factors (such as leisure time physical activity). These findings suggest that research and physical activity guidelines may differentiate between occupational and leisure time physical activity.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SJPAIN.2015.05.004
Abstract: Investigation of the multidimensional correlates of pressure pain threshold (PPT) requires the study of large cohorts, and thus the use of multiple raters, for sufficient statistical power. Although PPT testing has previously been shown to be reliable, the reliability of multiple raters and investigation for systematic bias between raters has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of PPT measurement by handheld algometer at the wrist, leg, cervical spine and lumbar spine. Additionally the study aimed to calculate s le sizes required for parallel and cross-over studies for various effect sizes accounting for measurement error. Five research assistants (RAs) each tested 20 pain free subjects at the wrist, leg, cervical and lumbar spine. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and systematic bias were calculated. Both intrarater reliability (ICC = 0.81–0.99) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.92–0.95) were excellent and intrarater SEM ranged from 79 to 100 kPa. There was systematic bias detected at three sites with no single rater tending to consistently rate higher or lower than others across all sites. The excellent ICCs observed in this study support the utility of using multiple RAs in large cohort studies using standardised protocols, with the caveat that an absence of any confounding of study estimates by rater is checked, due to systematic rater bias identified in this study. Thorough training of raters using PPT results in excellent interrater reliability. Clinical trials using PPT as an outcome measure should utilise a priori s le size calculations.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2011.586062
Abstract: Back muscle endurance is a predictor of future low back pain and is commonly assessed using the Biering-Sorensen Test (BST). Differences exist between ethnic groups that may affect the performance and interpretation of the BST and should be investigated. This study's aim was to explore objective and subjective measures of the BST in a Japanese group in comparison with previous studies in other ethnic groups. A total of 27 young male Japanese students performed the BST while measures of muscle fatigue were collected. The mean BST time (152.7 (32.5) s) was greater than the median of the reported mean times in other ethnic groups over the previous decade (128.6 s). Objective measures indicated that the Japanese subjects' lumbar muscles were as fatigued as those of previous studies, while subjective measures appear to indicate that subjects under-reported exertion. The better performance of the Japanese subjects in the BST may reflect physical, psychosocial and lifestyle differences related to ethnicity. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Ergonomics research and practice needs to be applicable to different ethnic groups. Despite the substantial body of evidence on back muscle endurance and indications of potential ethnicity related differences, this had not been previously investigated. These results help ergonomists to interpret physical ergonomics evidence in a multi-ethnic world.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-09-2016
DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/10/1636
Abstract: Researchers are increasingly using 24 h accelerometer wear protocols. No automated method has been published that accurately distinguishes 'waking' wear time from other data ('in-bed', non-wear, invalid days) in young adults. This study examined the validity of an automated algorithm developed to achieve this for hip-worn Actigraph GT3X + 60 s epoch data. We compared the algorithm against a referent method ('into-bed' and 'out-of-bed' times visually identified by two independent raters) and benchmarked against two published algorithms. All methods used the same non-wear rules. The development s le (n = 11) and validation s le (n = 95) were Australian young adults from the Raine pregnancy cohort (54% female), all aged approximately 22 years. The agreement with Rater 1 in each minute's classification (yes/no) of waking wear time was examined as kappa (κ), limited to valid days (⩾10 h waking wear time per day) according to the algorithm and Rater 1. Bland-Altman methods assessed agreement in daily totals of waking wear and in-bed wear time. Excellent agreement (κ > 0.75) was obtained between the raters for 80% of participants (median κ = 0.94). The algorithm showed excellent agreement with Rater 1 (κ > 0.75) for 89% of participants and poor agreement (κ < 0.40) for 1%. In this s le, the algorithm (median κ = 0.86) performed better than algorithms validated in children (median κ = 0.77) and adolescents (median κ = 0.66). The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between Rater 1 and the algorithm was 7 (-220, 234) min d
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-10-2009
DOI: 10.1080/00140130903067789
Abstract: Computer use by children at home and school is now common in many countries. Child computer exposure varies with the type of computer technology available and the child's age, gender and social group. This paper reviews the current exposure data and the evidence for positive and negative effects of computer use by children. Potential positive effects of computer use by children include enhanced cognitive development and school achievement, reduced barriers to social interaction, enhanced fine motor skills and visual processing and effective rehabilitation. Potential negative effects include threats to child safety, inappropriate content, exposure to violence, bullying, Internet 'addiction', displacement of moderate/vigorous physical activity, exposure to junk food advertising, sleep displacement, vision problems and musculoskeletal problems. The case for child specific evidence-based guidelines for wise use of computers is presented based on children using computers differently to adults, being physically, cognitively and socially different to adults, being in a state of change and development and the potential to impact on later adult risk. Progress towards child-specific guidelines is reported. Finally, a set of guideline principles is presented as the basis for more detailed guidelines on the physical, cognitive and social impact of computer use by children. The principles cover computer literacy, technology safety, child safety and privacy and appropriate social, cognitive and physical development. The majority of children in affluent communities now have substantial exposure to computers. This is likely to have significant effects on child physical, cognitive and social development. Ergonomics can provide and promote guidelines for wise use of computers by children and by doing so promote the positive effects and reduce the negative effects of computer-child, and subsequent computer-adult, interaction.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2010.10.010
Abstract: A cross-sectional study of 1258, 14 year old girls and boys used self-report and physical examination measures to assess neck/shoulder pain in the last month, depressed mood, physical fitness, body composition, self-efficacy, global self-worth, family functioning and social advantage. The data was used to compare the relationship between depressed mood and neck/shoulder pain (NSP) in adolescent girls and boys. The prevalence of NSP in girls (34%, 211/621) was significantly greater than in boys (21%, 134/637 p < .001). After controlling for covariates, girls with medium (OR = 4.28 CI = 2.31-7.92 p < .001) and high depressed mood (OR = 8.63 CI = 4.39-16.98 p < .001) were significantly more likely to report NSP than girls with low depressed mood. Depressed mood was also a significant correlate of NSP in boys after controlling for covariates, although the association was substantially weaker (OR = 2.44 CI = 1.29-4.61 p < .001). After controlling for relevant biological, psychological and social covariates, depressed mood was a significant correlate of NSP in both sexes but the association between depressed mood and NSP was significantly stronger for girls than for boys.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2013.02.005
Abstract: To identify differences in repositioning error in adolescents with and without non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP), sub-groups of NSCLBP and in different spinal regions. Spinal repositioning error was measured during a seated task. Variables were constant error (CE), absolute error (AE) and variable error (VE) for lower lumbar, upper lumbar and lumbar angles. 28 subjects with NSCLBP were sub-classified using O'Sullivans system and compared to 28 healthy controls. Significant differences were noted for AE between adolescents with and without NSCLBP, but no differences were found for CE or VE. When sub-grouped there was a pattern for lower AE and higher VE in the flexion sub-group. This group also displayed a tendency to undershoot the criterion position in the lower lumbar spine. Greater VE was noted in the extension sub-group and those with no NSCLBP in the upper lumbar compared to the lower lumbar spine. Differences in spinal repositioning errors were noted between adolescents with and without NSCLBP and sub-groups of NSCLBP. Those with flexion-pattern NSCLBP had the lowest levels of spinal repositioning ability. In iduals with no-LBP (low-back pain) or extension-pattern NSCLBP displayed greater variability in the upper lumbar spine.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.2522/PTJ.20110396
Abstract: Disability in adults with low back pain (LBP) is associated with negative back pain beliefs (BPBs). Adult BPBs can be positively influenced with education, resulting in reduced LBP disability. By late adolescence, the prevalence of LBP reaches adult levels. The relationship among LBP experience, LBP impact, and BPBs has not been investigated in late adolescence. The aim of this study was to document unknown relationships among LBP experience, LBP impact, and BPBs in 17-year-olds. A cross-sectional study design was used. Adolescents (n=1,126) in the Raine Study provided full information on LBP, LBP impact (sought professional advice or treatment, taken medication, missed school or work, interfered with normal activities, interfered with physical activities), BPBs, and a number of covariates. Back pain beliefs were more positive in participants with experience of LBP (X̄=30.2, SD=5.6) than in those without experience of LBP (X̄=28.5, SD=5.1). In iduals with LBP without activity modification impacts had more positive BPBs than those with activity modification impacts, even after adjustment for mental well-being and sex. The adjusted difference in BPBs between participants with experience of LBP but no activity modification impacts and those reporting all 3 activity modification impacts was 2.9 points (95% confidence interval=1.7 to 4.2). Participants with no activity modification impacts had more positive BPBs than those with no experience of LBP (adjusted difference=2.2 points, 95% confidence interval=1.4 to 2.9). More positive BPBs also were associated with female sex, lower body mass index, higher family income, better 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Health scale scores, and more positive primary caregiver beliefs. Cause and effect cannot be ascertained with the cross-sectional design. Differences in BPBs are associated with different levels of LBP impact at 17 years of age. This finding provides a potential target for intervention early during the life course.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-01-2023
Abstract: Objective: The primary objective was to compare non-biomechanical factors between manual workers with and without a history of LBP related to lifting. A secondary objective was to investigate associations between the change in pain intensity during repeated lifting (termed pain r ) and non-biomechanical factors tested in the LBP group. Methods: Manual workers currently in lifting occupations with and without a history of lifting-related LBP were recruited (21 LBP and 20 noLBP) and took part in a repeated (100) lift task. A series of non-biomechanical factors, including psychological, work-related, lifestyle, whole health and psychophysical factors, were collected. Psychophysical factors (pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and fatigue) were also measured at different time points. Associations between pain r during lifting and non-biomechanical factors were investigated with linear regression. Results: The LBP group reported worse perceived sleep quality, more musculoskeletal pain sites other than LBP and greater symptoms related to gastrointestinal complaints and pseudo-neurology compared to the group with no history of LBP. The group with LBP were also slightly more worried about the lifting task and felt more fatigued at the end of the lifting task. The feeling of fatigue during lifting was positively associated with pain r in the LBP group. Anxiety and gastrointestinal complaints were weakly negatively associated with pain r during lifting. Conclusions: The group differences of poorer perceived sleep, greater non-specific health complaints, slightly more worry about the lifting task and more perceived fatigue in the LBP group highlight the complex and multi-factorial nature of LBP related to lifting. The feeling of fatigue was positively associated with pain r in the LBP group, suggesting a close relationship with pain and fatigue during lifting that requires further exploration.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0838.2009.01039.X
Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine differences between swimmers/non-swimmers, males/females and dominant/non-dominant sides for scapular and humeral head position, while accounting for size, and to determine the relationship between scapular and humeral head position. 46 teenage swimmers (30 females) and 43 non-swimmers (28 females) were measured. The distances between (a) medial spine of the scapula and T3/4 (Superior Kibler), (b) inferior scapula and T7/8 (Inferior Kibler) and (c) anterior acromion and anterior humeral head were recorded while teenagers stood with their hands-on hips. There was no main effect difference between swimmers and non-swimmers for scapular or humeral head position. There were interactions for swim status/dominance (Superior Kibler P=0.005, Inferior Kibler P<0.001) and swim status/gender (Superior Kibler P=0.027). The humeral head was significantly further from the acromion on the dominant side (adjusted mean difference=1.4 mm, P=0.004). Little relationship between scapular and humeral head position was evident. Clinicians should be aware that swim status, in combination with gender or dominance may affect scapular position but does not affect humeral head position. Where swimming had an effect, it minimized differences between genders and sides. The small dominance effect on the humeral head position is unlikely to be clinically detectable.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-01-2017
DOI: 10.1093/PM/PNW314
Abstract: Addressing disparities in low back pain care (LBP) is an important yet largely unaddressed issue. One avenue to addressing disparities, recommended by clinical guidelines, is to ensure that LBP information is culturally appropriate. Our objectives were, first, to develop LBP information that was culturally appropriate for Aboriginal Australians living in a rural area and, second, to compare this to traditional information. The overall information development process was guided by a "cultural security" framework and included partnerships between Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal investigators, a synthesis of research evidence, and participation of a project steering group consisting of local Aboriginal people. LBP information (entitled My Back on Track, My Future [MBOT]) was developed as five short audio-visual scenarios, filmed using Aboriginal community actors. A qualitative randomized crossover design compared MBOT with an evidence-based standard (the Back Book [BB]). Twenty Aboriginal adults participated. Qualitatively we ascertained which information participants' preferred and why, perceptions about each resource, and LBP management. Thirteen participants preferred MBOT, four the BB, two both, and one neither. Participants valued seeing "Aboriginal faces," language that was understandable, the visual format, and seeing Aboriginal people undertaking positive changes in MBOT. In contrast, many participants found the language and format of the BB a barrier. Participants who preferred the BB were more comfortable with written information and appreciated the detailed content. The MBOT information was more preferred and addressed important barriers to care, providing support for use in practice. Similar processes are needed to develop pain information for other cultural groups, particularly those underserved by existing approaches to care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2008.04.004
Abstract: Neck/shoulder pain (NSP) is a common problem for adolescents and posture has been suggested as an important risk factor. The aim of this cross sectional study was to examine the relationship between prolonged NSP and habitual sitting posture in adolescents. The habitual sitting postures of 1593, 14-year-old adolescents with and without prolonged NSP were assessed using sagittal plane digital photographs. Cervicothoracic and lumbopelvic posture angles were calculated from the digital images using motion analysis software. Adolescents reported experience of NSP by questionnaire. Differences between postures of males and females and those with and without prolonged NSP were examined using independent t-tests. The relationships between cervicothoracic and lumbopelvic postures and presence of prolonged NSP were investigated using logistic regression models controlling for gender. Prolonged NSP was reported by 5.3% of the adolescents, with females reporting a higher prevalence rate (6.5%) than males (4.2%). Females also sat more erect with a more lordotic lumbar posture than males. Adolescents with prolonged NSP had more flexed cervicothoracic posture, more erect trunk and more lumbar lordosis. When gender was controlled, only lumbar lordosis was related to the presence of prolonged NSP.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-06-2017
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 15-11-2018
Abstract: xcess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. his 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing c aign (LiveLighter). ll eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. nrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. ailored email feedback provided to in iduals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369 www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325& isReview=true ERR1-10.2196/12782
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-12-2021
Abstract: This study explores how the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced family routines, relationships and technology use (smartphones and tablet computers) among families with infants. Infancy is known to be an important period for attachment security and future child development, and a time of being susceptible to changes within and outside of the family unit. A qualitative design using convenience s ling was employed. A total of 30 mothers in Perth, Western Australia participated in semi-structured interviews by audio or video call. All mothers were parents of infants aged 9 to 15 months old. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and data were analysed using thematic analysis to code and identify themes in an inductive manner. Families described staying home and stopping all external activities. Three themes relating to family interactions and wellbeing were found: enhanced family relationships prompted reflection on family schedules and increased parental stress. Two themes related to family device use were found: enabled connections to be maintained and source of disrupted interactions within the family unit. Overall, participants described more advantages than downsides of device use during COVID-19. Findings will be of value in providing useful information for families, health professionals and government advisors for use during future pandemic-related restrictions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-04-2013
Abstract: To determine differences in muscle activity litudes and variation of litudes when using different information and communication technologies (ICT). Office workers use different ICT to perform tasks. Upper body musculoskeletal complaints are frequently reported by this occupational group. Increased muscle activity and insufficient variation are potential risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints. Muscle activity of right and left upper trapezius and right wrist extensor muscle bundle (extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) of 24 office workers (performing their usual tasks requiring different ICT at work and away from work) were measured continuously over 10 to 12 hours. Muscle activity variation was quantified using two indices, litude probability distribution function and exposure variation analysis. There was a trend for electronics-based New ICT tasks to involve less electromyography (EMG) variation than paper-based Old ICT tasks. Performing Combined ICT tasks (i.e., using paper- and electronics-based ICT simultaneously) resulted in the highest muscle activity levels and least variation however, these Combined ICT tasks were rarely performed. Tasks involving no ICT ( Non-ICT) had the greatest muscle activity variation. Office workers in this study used various ICT during tasks at work and away from work. The high EMG litudes and low variation observed when using Combined ICT may present the greatest risk for musculoskeletal complaints, and use of Combined ICT by workers should be kept low in office work. Breaking up combined, New, and Old ICT tasks, for ex le, by interspersing highly variable Non-ICT tasks into office workers’ daily tasks, could increase overall muscle activity variation and reduce risk for musculoskeletal complaints.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-05-2016
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.5438
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1080/00140130701711000
Abstract: Computers are now widely used by children. Tablet computers are becoming widely available and promoted for use by school children. The primary objective of this study was to compare the posture and muscle activity of children using a tablet computer to the posture and muscle activity of children using a desktop computer and paper technology. Eighteen children (mean age 5.6 years) performed a colouring-in task in tablet, desktop and paper conditions. 3-D posture and muscle activity around the neck and shoulder was assessed. Tablet computer use was similar to paper use, with less neutral spinal posture, more elevated scapular posture and greater upper trapezius and cervical erector spinae activity. This was offset by greater variability of posture and muscle activity. Tablet computer use clearly results in different musculoskeletal stresses than desktop computer use. Computer use guidelines need to be appropriate to traditional and emerging technologies. Tablet computers are being promoted for use by adults and children. However, the physical impact of using this type of technology is not known. The findings of this study provide the first tablet-specific evidence to inform guidelines on wise use of tablet computers by children.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSKSP.2021.102460
Abstract: Patients' perceptions/expectations may be a factor behind medical imaging referral rates. Few studies have investigated the beliefs that might drive expectations of medical imaging. This study examined whether beliefs of young Australian adults with and without impactful low back pain (LBP) concerning medical scans for LBP align with current evidence. It also investigated if these beliefs were associated with clinical factors (history of impactful LBP, history of previous medical scans, LBP-related disability and the presence of leg pain) or sociodemographic factors (sex, education, income). Cross-sectional observational study. 78 participants from the Raine Study with a history of impactful LBP and 85 participants with no history of impactful LBP completed a study-specific questionnaire with five statements concerning beliefs about medical imaging for LBP. All statements were not aligned with current evidence about the use of medical imaging in LBP management. Only 15-21% (n = 24-34) of the participants held beliefs that were aligned with current evidence. Participants with a university education had slightly more aligned beliefs compared to those whose highest education was completing secondary school. There was no difference in the beliefs of participants based on their history of impactful LBP, or other clinical or sociodemographic factors. As beliefs are likely to drive care-seeking behavior, it is notable that most participants' views about the role of medical imaging for LBP were not aligned with current evidence. Therefore, this suggests a need for community education, especially for those with lower education.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.2522/PTJ.20140116
Abstract: Active virtual reality gaming (AVG) may be useful for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) to practice motor skills if their movement patterns are of good quality while engaged in AVG. This study aimed to examine: (1) the quality of motor patterns of children with DCD participating in AVG by comparing them with children with typical development (TD) and (2) whether differences existed in the motor patterns utilized with 2 AVG types: Sony PlayStation 3 Move and Microsoft Xbox 360 Kinect. This was a quasi-experimental, biomechanical laboratory–based study. Twenty-one children with DCD, aged 10 to 12 years, and 19 age- and sex-matched children with TD played a match of table tennis on each AVG type. Hand path, wrist angle, and elbow angle were recorded using a motion analysis system. Linear mixed-model analyses were used to determine differences between DCD and TD groups and Move and Kinect AVG type for forehands and backhands. Children with DCD utilized a slower hand path speed (backhand mean difference [MD]=1.20 m/s 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.41, 1.98) greater wrist extension (forehand MD=34.3° 95% CI=22.6, 47.0) and greater elbow flexion (forehand MD=22.3° 95% CI=7.4, 37.1) compared with children with TD when engaged in AVG. There also were differences in movement patterns utilized between AVG types. Only simple kinematic measures were compared, and no data regarding movement outcome were assessed. If a therapeutic treatment goal is to promote movement quality in children with DCD, clinical judgment is required to select the most appropriate AVG type and determine whether movement quality is adequate for unsupervised practice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/JBMR.2890
Abstract: Sedentary behaviors such as watching television (TV) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The effects of TV watching during key developmental stages on skeletal health are uncertain. Hours of TV watching/week were recorded by parental or self-report at 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years of age in 1181 members (48% female) of a pregnancy cohort (the Raine Study). Participants were classified into one of three TV-watching trajectories (using latent class analysis): low (consistently <14 h/week 20.3%), high (consistently ≥14 h/week 44.4%), or increasing (increased from <14 to ≥14 h/week during adolescence 35.3%). General linear models tested associations between TV trajectory and bone mineral content (BMC) measured at age 20 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for height, body mass, physical activity, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, alcohol, and smoking (all at age 20 years), males in the low TV-watching trajectory had greater BMC for whole body (mean ± SEM, 3338 ± 59 g versus 3111 ± 31 g), legs (612 ± 12 g versus 569 ± 6 g), and arms (234 ± 5 g versus 214 ± 3 g) than those in the high TV-watching trajectory. Differences between low and high TV-watching trajectories were similar for females. BMC in the increasing TV-watching trajectory also differed for both sexes, for ex le males in the increasing TV-watching trajectory had greater whole-body BMC (3252 ± 38 g) than males in the high TV-watching trajectory (3111 ± 31 g) but less arm BMC (218 ± 3 g) than those in the low TV-watching trajectory (234 ± 5 g). In this community-based cohort, consistently high TV watching during childhood and adolescence independently predicted reduced peak bone mass at age 20 years. Because attainment of optimal peak bone mass is protective against osteoporosis in later life, reducing sedentary time in children may have long-term skeletal benefits. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-06-2013
Abstract: This research aimed to identify the most frequently occurring human factors contributing to maintenance-related failures within a petroleum industry organization. Commonality between failures will assist in understanding reliability in maintenance processes, thereby preventing accidents in high-hazard domains. Methods exist for understanding the human factors contributing to accidents. Their application in a maintenance context mainly has been advanced in aviation and nuclear power. Maintenance in the petroleum industry provides a different context for investigating the role that human factors play in influencing outcomes. It is therefore worth investigating the contributing human factors to improve our understanding of both human factors in reliability and the factors specific to this domain. Detailed analyses were conducted of maintenance-related failures ( N = 38) in a petroleum company using structured interviews with maintenance technicians. The interview structure was based on the Human Factor Investigation Tool (HFIT), which in turn was based on Rasmussen’s model of human malfunction. A mean of 9.5 factors per incident was identified across the cases investigated. The three most frequent human factors contributing to the maintenance failures were found to be assumption (79% of cases), design and maintenance (71%), and communication (66%). HFIT proved to be a useful instrument for identifying the pattern of human factors that recurred most frequently in maintenance-related failures. The high frequency of failures attributed to assumptions and communication demonstrated the importance of problem-solving abilities and organizational communication in a domain where maintenance personnel have a high degree of autonomy and a wide geographical distribution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2015.12.009
Abstract: Altered movement patterns with pain have been demonstrated in children, adolescents and adults with chronic disabling low back pain (CDLBP). A previously developed classification system has identified different subgroups including active extension and multidirectional patterns in patients with CDLBP. While familial associations have been identified for certain spinal postures in standing, it is unknown whether a familial relationship might exist between movement pattern-derived subgroups in families with CDLBP. This study explored whether familial associations in movement pattern-derived subgroups within and between members of families with CDLBP existed. Cross-sectional cohort study. 33 parents and 28 children with CDLBP were classified into two subgroups based on clinical analysis of video footage of postures and functional movements, combined with aggravating factors obtained from Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Prevalence of subgroups within family members was determined, associations between parent and child's subgroup membership was evaluated using Fisher's exact test, and spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of association between familial dyads. The majority of parents were classified as active extenders, sons predominately multidirectional and daughters were evenly distributed between the two subgroups. No significant association was found when comparing subgroups in nine parent-child relationships. The exploration of a small cohort of family dyads in this study demonstrated that children's movement pattern-derived subgroups could not be explained by their parents' subgroup membership. These results cannot be generalised to the CLBP population due to this study's small s le. Larger s le studies are needed to further elucidate this issue.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.HUMOV.2015.08.004
Abstract: Animal Fun was designed to enhance motor and social development in young children. Its efficacy in improving motor skills was presented previously using a randomised controlled trial and a multivariate nested cohort design. Based on the Environmental Stress Hypothesis, it was argued that the program would also result in positive mental health outcomes, investigated in the current study. Pre-intervention scores were recorded for 511 children aged 4.83-6.17 years (M=5.42, SD=.30). Intervention and control groups were compared 6 months following intervention, and again in their first school year. Changes in teacher-rated prosocial behaviour and total difficulties were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and data analysed using Generalised Linear Mixed Models. There was a significant improvement in prosocial behaviour of children in the intervention group six months after initial testing, which remained at 18-month follow-up. Total difficulties decreased at 6 months for the intervention group, with no change at 18 months. This effect was present only for the hyperactivity/inattention subscale. The only significant change for the control group was an increase in hyperactivity/inattention scores from pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up. The Animal Fun program appears to be effective in improving social and behavioural outcomes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.530664
Abstract: To identify distinct age-related trajectory classes of body mass index (BMI) z-scores from childhood to adolescence, and to examine the association of these trajectories with measures of standing sagittal spinal alignment at 14 years of age. Adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study contributed data to the study (n=1 373). Age- and gender-specific z-scores for BMI were obtained from height and weight at the ages of 3, 5, 10 and 14 years. Latent class group analysis was used to identify six distinct trajectory classes of BMI z-score. At the age of 14 years, adolescents were categorised into one of four subgroups of sagittal spinal posture using k-means cluster analysis of photographic measures of lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and trunk sway. Regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between postural angles and subgroups, and different BMI trajectory classes, adjusting for gender. Six trajectory classes of BMI z-score were estimated: Very Low (4%), Low (24%), Average (34%), Ascending (6%), Moderate High (26%) and Very High (6%). The proportions of postural subgroups at age 14 were Neutral (29%), Flat (22%), Sway (27%) and Hyperlordotic (22%). BMI trajectory class was strongly associated with postural subgroup, with significantly higher proportions of adolescents in the Very High, High and Ascending BMI trajectory classes displaying a Hyperlordotic or Sway posture than a Neutral posture at age 14. This prospective study provides evidence that childhood obesity, and how it develops, is associated with standing sagittal postural alignment in adolescence.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-07-2018
Abstract: To investigate whether use of a movement intervention when undertaking prolonged standing affected discomfort and cognitive function. Alternate work positions to break up prolonged sitting for office workers are being trialed, such as standing. Prolonged standing has potential negative health implications, including low back and lower limb discomfort, and may influence cognitive function. Introducing movement during standing may provide a healthy and productive alternative work posture. Twenty adult participants undertook a laboratory study of 2 hr of standing and standing with movement (using a footrest) while performing computer work. Changes in discomfort and cognitive function, with muscle fatigue, low back angle, pelvis movement, lower limb swelling, and mental state, were investigated. Discomfort increased significantly over time across all body regions. Ankle/foot differed between conditions (incident rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.89 [1.10–3.23]), with higher discomfort during standing with movement. Creative problem-solving errors increased during standing with movement and decreased during standing (Time × Condition: β = 0.64 [0.10–1.18]), with no other cognitive function measure differences. Mental state deteriorated over time for both conditions, greater during standing with movement (Time × Condition: β = 2.44 [0.23–4.66]). No significant interaction effects were found for the other outcome variables. Standing with movement provided no advantage in discomfort or cognitive function. There were some negative effects for ankle/foot discomfort and creative problem solving. An alternate footrest design and protocol for use may yield more favorable results. Based on the results from this study, footrest use to raise alternative foot for forced 5-min intervals would not be recommended to assist with managing discomfort while prolonged standing in workplaces.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOARD.2013.10.012
Abstract: Engaging in low levels of physical activity (PA) and accumulating prolonged periods of sedentary behavior (SB) during daily life have been associated with deleterious health outcomes. The objective of this study was to undertake an analysis of the way in which PA and SB were accumulated after bariatric surgery. Adults 12 to 18 months after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding or 6 to 18 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy wore 2 activity monitors during the waking hours for 7 days. Anthropometric and demographic data were recorded. Data were available on 40 participants (30 females median ± interquartile range: age 46 ± 16 years, time since surgery 14 ± 8 months, body mass index 36 ± 9 kg/m(2)). The proportion of waking hours spent in SB, light PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA was 72% ± 12%, 22% ± 9%, 5% ± 3% and 0% ± 0%, respectively. Half of the time in SB was accumulated in uninterrupted bouts ≥ 30 minutes. Almost all PA was accumulated in bouts 70% of time in SB, half of which was accumulated in uninterrupted bouts ≥ 30 minutes. Very little time was spent in moderate or vigorous PA (5%), and this was accumulated in short bouts (<10 minutes). Healthcare professionals should target not just overall time in SB and PA, but also aim to reduce prolonged periods of SB and increase sustained periods of PA.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000650
Abstract: To investigate the cross-sectional associations between musculoskeletal pain experience and measures of pressure and cold pain sensitivity in young adults from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. In total, 917 participants were eligible for analysis if they provided data pertaining to musculoskeletal pain status at the 22-year follow-up and had data for at least 1 valid pain sensitivity test. Standardized protocols were used to assess pressure pain threshold (4 sites: lumbar spine, tibialis anterior, upper trapezius, and wrist) and cold pain threshold (wrist). Four pain experience groups (“No pain” [n=562, 61.3%], “Low” [n=84, 9.2%], “Medium” [n=147, 16.0%], “High” [n=124, 13.5%]) were determined by latent class analysis using parameters of pain chronicity, frequency, intensity, and number of pain areas. Variables considered as confounders included sex, age, ethnicity, waist-hip ratio, psychological symptoms, sleep quality, physical activity, sedentary behavior, smoking, and income. There were no associations between pain experience and pressure pain sensitivity after adjusting for confounders. The “Medium” and “High” pain experience groups demonstrated heightened cold pain sensitivity compared with the “No pain” group ( P =0.023), adjusted for sex and smoking. This study provides the most extensive investigation of the relationship between musculoskeletal pain experience and pressure and cold pain sensitivity in young adults. Heightened cold pain sensitivity in those classified as “Medium” and “High” pain experience may suggest altered nociceptive processing and has implications for clinical management.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-017-3721-9
Abstract: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) affects 1 million people worldwide annually and can significantly impair physical activity. Accelerometry is a validated method of objectively assessing physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance in patients with MPE to accelerometry and describe their activity. Patients with MPE wore an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer over a 7-day continuous wear protocol. Compliance was measured as the percent of patients who had ≥4 valid days (i.e., 8-h/day of waking wear-time). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was documented the day of actigraphy initialization. Forty-six patients with MPE received accelerometers 44 (95.7%) returned their device. No complications were reported on their use. Forty subjects (90.9%) had ≥4 valid days of wear-time. Patients spent most of their waking hours sedentary [mean 11.0 h (SD 1.95)], with limited participation in moderate and vigorous physical activity [mean 9.5 min (SD 14.16)]. Compared to patients with better performance status (n = 32), patients with poorer performance status (n = 11) spent significantly more hours/day sedentary [mean difference 2.1 (CI 0.86-3.32) p = 0.001], as did those who survived 12 months (n = 27) [mean difference 2.6 (CI 0.49-4.77) p = 0.013). Accelerometry was applied successfully in patients with MPE with high compliance and no adverse events. This is the first reported objectively measured physical activity in patients with MPE and revealed high sedentary behavior and low physical activity. The data reflected patient performance status and discriminated between survival groups. Accelerometry can provide a useful measure for future interventional studies in patients with MPE.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.5694/MJA13.00037
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-03-2011
Abstract: This study tested whether there is an independent relationship between adolescent drug use and neck and shoulder pain (NSP) and back pain (BP) when psychosocial functioning is controlled in a community s le of 1608 14-year-old Australian adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of alcohol and cigarette use for NSP and BP before and after adjusting for a range of psychosocial variables. Results showed that the use of alcohol, but not cigarettes or marijuana, has a significant independent association with adolescent spinal pain. Future research needs to investigate these variables longitudinally to inform interventions for adolescent spinal pain.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1080/00140130903039101
Abstract: Shifting workforce proportions to sedentary occupations and technology developments in traditionally physically demanding occupations have resulted in low physical workloads for many workers. Insufficient physical stress is known to have detrimental short- and long-term effects on health and physical capacity. It is argued herein that many modern workers are at risk of insufficient physical workload. Further, it is argued that the traditional physical ergonomics paradigm of reducing risk by reducing physical loads ('less is better') is not appropriate for many modern occupations. It is proposed that a new paradigm is required, where 'more can be better'. The potential for work to be seen as an arena for improving physical health and capability is discussed and the types of changes to work that may be required are outlined. The paper also discusses challenges and responsibilities presented by this new paradigm for ergonomists, employers, health and safety authorities and the community. The majority of workers in affluent communities now face the significant threat to health of insufficient physical workload. Ergonomics can design work to a prescription that can not only reduce injury risk but enhance health and capacity. However, this will require a change in paradigm.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-04-2005
DOI: 10.1080/00140130400029233
Abstract: This paper outlines the major changes in the lives of children in industrially advanced countries associated with the increased interaction with information and communication technologies. The potential opportunities and threats to the cognitive, social, physical and visual development of children are reviewed to emphasize the importance of optimizing the interaction. The change in children's use of technology also poses opportunities and threats for ergonomics that should be noted if the profession is to continue being relevant and useful into this century. The paper ends with a pathway to the development and implementation of guidelines about child information and communication technology use for different groups of guideline users.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-018-4069-5
Abstract: Little is known about the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), and modifiable lifestyle and physiological factors for ovarian cancer survivors (OCS). The primary aim of the study was to compare post-treatment advanced-stage OCS with age-matched controls on measures of HRQoL and PFD. The secondary aim was to examine associations between HRQoL, PFD, objective activity behaviors, physical function, and body composition in OCS. Twenty advanced-stage OCS and 20 controls completed questionnaires assessing HRQoL (SF-36) and PFD (Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire), and underwent objective assessments of activity behavior (7-day accelerometry), physical function (400-m walk, repeated chair rise, 6-m usual-pace walk, one-repetition maximum chest press, and single-leg extension), and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Compared to controls, OCS had worse physical HRQoL (- 4.3 median difference, p = 0.013), but equivalent self-reported PFD, indicated by combined bladder, bowel, and pelvic organ prolapse symptoms (0.89 mean difference, p = 0.277). In OCS, physical HRQoL was significantly negatively associated with PFD (r = 0.468, p = 0.043). Decreased physical HRQoL and increased PFD were significantly associated with less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in ≥ 10-min bouts (ρ = 0.627, p = 0.003 ρ = - 0.457, p = 0.049), more sedentary time (r = - 0.449, p = 0.047 r = 0.479, p = 0.038), and slower 400-m walk time (ρ = - 0.565, p = 0.022 ρ = 0.504, p = 0.028). Post-treatment advanced-stage OCS have decreased physical HRQoL, which is associated with modifiable factors such as worse PFD, less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, more sedentary time, and decreased objective physical function. This highlights the need for ongoing supportive care and multidisciplinary interventions after first-line ovarian cancer treatment.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-11-2020
Abstract: Adults who educate and care for young children are exposed to mixed-messages about what is in the best interests of young children in digital society. Such mixed-messaging makes adult decision-making about technology use in the best interests of young children hard to achieve. This project addresses this problem by working with leading organisations providing services related to quality digital media production, online-safety education, digital play and digital parenting. Using a Participatory Design approach, families, educators, industry partners and researchers will conduct mixed-methods investigations concerning: Relationships Health and Well-being Citizenship and Play and Pedagogy to identify practices concerning technology use ‘with, by and for’ young children. Iterative design cycles will develop an Online Tool to support organisations providing services to young children and the adults responsible for their education and care. As society becomes more digital families and educators need new knowledge about what people do in digital society to inform their decision-making. This project will support organisations to use an empirically informed approach to service provision regarding using technologies in the best interests of young children.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-09-2015
Abstract: There is evidence supporting the social and cognitive benefits of music education. However aspects of music practice, such as an increase in frequency and intensity of practice, are associated with playing-related musculoskeletal problems in adult musicians, though with limited evidence in children. The aim of this study was to describe the music practice of child instrumentalists and determine their associations with playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMP), accounting for gender and age. A total of 731 children learning musical instruments (460 females) ranging in age from 7 – 17 years were surveyed music experience, music practice and intrinsic factors (e.g. the experience of butterflies in stomach before a concert/exam) were investigated. Logistic regression evaluated the independent association of these potential correlates with PRMP. Music experience (number of years playing main instrument) was significantly negatively associated with PRMP (OR 0.88, p = .003). Pattern of playing was significantly associated with PRMP, specifically playing less than usual (OR 2.1, p = .002) and playing more than usual for longer and more often (OR 2.7, p .001), compared to playing about usual. The experience of butterflies in the stomach during exams/competitions most times (OR 2.1, p = .029) and always (OR 2.4, p = .027) compared to never, was significantly associated with PRMP. Music inexperience, changed pattern of practice and performance anxiety are associated with playing-related problems in child instrumentalists and are therefore important issues for music education. Evidence-based guidelines may be recommended to help prevent problems and optimize music performance and music education development.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12039
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the presence of possible bidirectional causal pathways between cigarette use and spinal pain in adolescents controlling for psychosocial functioning, using a prospective longitudinal research design. The data for this study was collected from a cohort of Australian adolescents at 14 (n = 1596) and 17 (n = 1291) years of age. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess i) if cigarette use at 14 predicted low back pain (LBP), mid back pain (MBP) or neck shoulder pain (NSP) at 17 in those adolescents without each condition at 14, and ii) if back pain only (BP), neck shoulder pain only (NSP) or comorbid BP and NSP at 14 predicted cigarette use at 17 in those adolescents who did not smoke at 14. After controlling for psychosocial factors, cigarette use at 14 predicted MBP at 17 (OR = 3.05, p = 0.049, 95% CI [1.01-9.24]). BP only at 14 was a significant risk factor for smoking at 17 (OR = 1.84, p = 0.006, 95% CI [1.19-2.84]) after controlling for psychosocial factors. The findings indicate that there are bi-directional relationships between cigarette use and spinal pain and that these relationships vary with pain location.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0838.2008.00847.X
Abstract: Physical activity, physical fitness and motor competence are important health-related constructs. However, the relationship among them, particularly for children and adolescents, is still unclear. In this study, motor competence (measured by the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development), pedometer-determined physical activity and physical fitness (aerobic fitness, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility and body composition) were examined in a cohort of 1585 adolescents (771 girls, 814 boys) of mean age 14.06 years. Significant gender differences were observed for all measures except motor competence. Apart from hip and shoulder flexibility, males outperformed females. For both males and females, motor competence was associated with all fitness measures, physical activity was associated only with aerobic fitness and aerobic fitness was associated with physical activity, motor competence, BMI and chest pass. Among males, aerobic fitness was also associated with all other fitness tests. The correlations were, in general, moderate to weak. The results challenge the current focus on physical activity rather than physical fitness as the preferred intervention.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-04-2010
DOI: 10.1080/00140131003671975
Abstract: Posture and movement are thought to be important risk factors for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Whole day occupational exposure assessment has typically used self-report or observation techniques, but the need for more accurate measurement is now recognised. The aim of this study was to compare the kinematic recordings of a frequently used field system (physiometer) with two laboratory-based systems (Fastrak and Peak) in vivo. Head, thorax and right arm kinematics were recorded simultaneously by the three systems whilst a subject performed 27 single and multiple plane physiological and simulated daily living task movement trials. Errors observed in the Fastrak and Peak data included gimbal lock and quadrant errors. Physiometer data errors included undervalues, overvalues and temporal errors of slow response and resonance. All three systems showed some cross-talk. Agreement between the physiometer and the other systems was generally high for physiological movements (R(2) > 0.8) and less for functional movements (R(2) > 0.5). STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The physiometer recording device can provide an indication of posture across time in the workplace however, its accuracy is limited, particularly during functional movements. Further technology should be developed to unobtrusively capture accurate all day 3-D kinematics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-009-1019-4
Abstract: Past studies on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) have reported increased median muscle activities in terms of 50th% of litude probability distribution function (APDF), and this was thought to be a manifestation of altered motor control--an important mechanism contributing to WMSD. The present study aimed to examine whether such altered motor control was also present in other parameters of APDF--the 10th and 90th% values, which can be considered indicators of the low and high measures of muscle activity. The difference between 10th and 90th% APDF can be considered an indicator of the variation in muscle activity litude (the "APDF range"). Surface electromyography was examined in female office workers as Case (n = 21) and Control (n = 18) subjects. The APDF variables were measured in cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during typing, mousing and type-and-mouse, for 20 min each. The Case Group had significantly higher CES activity in the 10th, 90th% and APDF range compared to Controls. The UT muscles showed similar trends but the between-group differences were not statistically significant. These results have demonstrated the robustness of the APDF variables as sensitive indicators of motor control variations in symptomatic subjects with musculoskeletal disorders.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/S0004-9514(08)70026-6
Abstract: Are use and perceived load of school bags and the prevalence of spinal pain different between male and female adolescents? Is use of school bags related to perceived load of school bags? Are use and perceived load of school bags related to spinal pain? Cross-sectional observational study. 1202 adolescents recruited from the 'Raine' Cohort Study. Use and perceived load of school bags as well as spinal pain were measured by questionnaire. The prevalence of back and neck pain was approximately 50% 53% of females reported neck pain compared with 44% of males (p < 0.01). Almost half of participants carried their school bag for more than 30 minutes per day with 85% carrying their bag over both shoulders. School bags were felt to be heavy by 54% and to cause fatigue by 51%. Carrying a school bag for more than 30 minutes daily and taking an inactive form of transport to school (car or bus) increased the odds of having both back (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.82) and neck pain (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91). Neck pain is as common as back pain amongst adolescents. Perceived school bag load, duration of carriage and method of transport to school are associated with back and neck pain. Physical activity in the form of walking or riding to school may offset the potentially provocative effects of prolonged bag carriage and warrants further investigation.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1177/003335490712200511
Abstract: Computer use is common in adolescents, and there is evidence that adolescent spinal posture alters during computer use. However, it is unknown if computer use and habitual postures are associated. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between adolescent computer use and habitual postures. Eight hundred eighty-four adolescents (408 females, 476 males, mean age, 14.0 years, standard deviation, 0.2) completed a questionnaire assessing weekly computer use. Habitual spinal posture was assessed by photographic analysis while standing and sitting. Computer use was associated with adolescent habitual postures. In males, increased computer use was associated with increased head flexion and neck flexion. In females, increased computer use was associated with increased lumbar lordosis. The amount of weekly computer use was associated with changes in habitual spinal postures, and these depended on gender. These associations may result from temporary computer postures leading to adaptive neuromusculoskeletal changes, though further multivariate and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality. As some habitual posture changes may place a greater strain on the musculoskeletal system, computer use by adolescents should be viewed as a possible health concern.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 02-12-2020
DOI: 10.2196/25940
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 26-09-2022
DOI: 10.1136/OEMED-2022-108275
Abstract: To determine the impact of a 12-week ergonomic/exercise programme compared with an ergonomic/health education programme on the development of neck pain in office workers over 12 months. This cluster-randomised trial prospectively recruited office workers from public and private organisations. Only non-neck pain cases at baseline were included (n=484). All participants received an ergonomic workstation review then randomly allocated to receive a neck/shoulder progressive exercise programme (20 min, 3 ×/week intervention group) or health education sessions (60 min, 1 ×/week active control) for 12 weeks. Generalised estimating equations evaluated group differences in the point prevalence of neck pain cases (defined as those with a neck pain score of ≥3 on a 0 (no pain) to 9 (worst pain) scale) over time (3, 6, 9 and 12 months) with cumulative incidence of neck pain cases evaluated descriptively. While no significant group × time interaction was evident, the 12-month point prevalence of neck pain cases in the intervention group (10%) was half that of the active control group (20%) (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.01, p=0.05). Lower cumulative incidence of neck pain cases was observed in the intervention (17%) compared with active control group (30%) over the 12 months. A combined ergonomics and exercise intervention may have more benefits in preventing neck pain cases in office workers than an ergonomic and health education intervention. Group differences were modest and should be interpreted with caution when considering strategies for primary prevention of neck pain in the office worker population. ACTRN12612001154897
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2008
Abstract: Adolescent neck/shoulder pain (NSP) is a common and sometimes debilitating problem. Several risk factors for this condition have been investigated, but no studies have previously evaluated associations between fitness, motor competence, body composition and adolescent NSP. 1608 males and females of mean age 14 years answered questions on their history of NSP (4 measures), and were tested for aerobic fitness, upper and lower limb power, trunk endurance, grip strength, shoulder flexibility, motor competence and anthropometric factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to test for associations between NSP and physical variables. There were significant gender differences for most physical and pain variables. After multivariate analysis, males had lower odds of NSP if they had reduced back endurance [OR: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46–0.97)], reduced persistent control [0.42 (0.19–0.95], and increased muscle power [0.33 (0.12–0.94)], and higher odds of NSP if they had a higher basketball throw [2.47 (1.22–5.00)] and jump performance [3.47 (1.55–7.74)]. Females had lower odds for NSP if they had a reduced jump performance [0.61(0.41–0.92)], a better basketball throw [0.60(0.40–0.90)], lower shoulder flexibility [0.54 (0.30–0.98)] and a higher aerobic capacity [0.61 (0.40–0.93)], and higher odds for NSP if they had greater abdominal endurance [1.57(1.07–2.31)] and greater bimanual dexterity [1.77(1.18–2.65)]. Females showed a U shaped relationship between NSP and back endurance [low: 2.12 (1.20–3.74) high 2.12 (1.18–3.83)]. Adolescent NSP was associated with fitness and motor competence, although the associations varied with gender, and their strength was limited.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-04-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/ACR.22949
Abstract: Despite the high prevalence and burden of low back pain (LBP), understanding of its course during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is limited. The aim of this study was to identify and describe trajectories of LBP and its impact among a general population s le followed from adolescence to young adulthood. Data from followup assessments at years 17, 20, and 22 of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study were used (n = 1,249). Self-reported LBP and its impact on daily life were assessed, and latent class analysis was used to identify clusters. Resultant clusters were profiled on sex, waist circumference, diagnosed comorbid pain, and health-related quality of life. Four clusters were identified: a cluster of participants with a consistently low prevalence of LBP and its impact (53%) during the period from adolescence to young adulthood, a cluster with an increase in the prevalence of LBP and its impact (22%), a cluster with a decrease in the prevalence of LBP and its impact (15%), and a cluster with a consistently high prevalence of LBP and its impact (10%). These clusters differed markedly on the profiling variables. The identified clusters provide unique information on LBP and its impact during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Consideration of these trajectories could be important in the design of early prevention and management strategies.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-11-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.2522/PTJ.20100160
Abstract: Conflicting evidence exists regarding relationships among sitting posture, factors that influence sitting posture, and back pain. This conflicting evidence may partially be due to the presence of multiple and overlapping factors associated with both sitting posture and back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of slump in sitting was associated with sex and other physical, lifestyle, or psychosocial factors. Additionally, the relationship between the report of back pain made worse by sitting and the degree of slump in sitting and other physical, lifestyle, or psychosocial factors was investigated. This was a cross-sectional study. Adolescents (n=1,596) completed questionnaires to determine lifestyle and psychosocial profiles and the experience of back pain. Sagittal sitting posture, body mass index (BMI), and back muscle endurance (BME) were recorded. Standing posture subgroup categorization was determined. Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant factor associated with the degree of slump in sitting was male sex, followed by non-neutral standing postures, lower perceived self-efficacy, lower BME, greater television use, and higher BMI. Multivariable analysis indicated poorer Child Behaviour Checklist scores were the strongest correlate of report of back pain made worse by sitting, whereas degree of slump in sitting, female sex, and BME were more weakly related. Causality cannot be determined from this cross-sectional study, and 60% of sitting posture variation was not explained by the measured variables. Slump in sitting was associated with physical correlates, as well as sex, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors, highlighting the complex, multidimensional nature of usual sitting posture in adolescents. Additionally, this study demonstrated that a greater degree of slump in sitting was only weakly associated with adolescent back pain made worse by sitting after adjustment for other physical and psychosocial factors.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-06-2008
Abstract: In this study, the litude and time distribution of power output in a variety of competitive cycling events through the use of a new mathematical analysis was examined: exposure variation analysis (EVA). Descriptive field study. Various professional road cycling events, including a 5-day-eight-stage tour race, a 1-day World Cup event and the Australian National In idual Time Trial Ch ionships. 9 elite female cyclists (mean (SD), mass = 57.8 (3.4) kg, height = 167.3 (2.8) cm, Vo(2)peak = 63.2 (5.2) ml kg(-1) min(-1)). None. The variation in power output and the quantification of the total time and acute time spent at various exercise intensities during competitive professional cycling were examined. Predefined levels of exercise intensity that elicited first ventilation threshold, second ventilation threshold and maximal aerobic power were determined from a graded exercise test performed before the events and compared with power output during each event. EVA exposed that power output during the time trial was highly variable (EVA(SD) = 2.81 (0.33)) but more evenly distributed than the circuit/criterium (4.23 (0.31)) and road race events (4.81 (0.96)). EVA may be useful for illustrating variations in the litude and time distribution of power output during cycling events. The specific race format influenced not only the overall time spent in various power bands, but also the acute time spent at these exercise intensities.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSKSP.2017.03.008
Abstract: Cervicogenic dizziness (CGD) is hard to diagnose as there is no objective test. Can a brief assessment tool be derived from the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to assist in screening for CGD? Case-control study with split-s le analysis. 86 people with CGD and 86 people with general dizziness completed the DHI as part of the assessment of their dizziness. Descriptive statistics were used to assess how frequently each question on the DHI was answered 'yes' or 'sometimes' by participants with CGD and by participants with general dizziness. The questions that best discriminated between GCD and general dizziness were compiled into a brief assessment tool for CGD. Data from 80 participants (40 from each group) were used to generate a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to establish a cut-off score for that brief assessment tool. Then, data from the remaining 92 participants were used to try to validate the diagnostic ability of the brief assessment tool using that cut-off score. Questions 1, 9 and 11 were the most discriminatory and were combined to form the brief assessment tool. The ROC curve indicated an optimal threshold of 9. The diagnostic ability of the brief assessment tool among the remaining 46 participants from each group was: sensitivity 77% (95% CI: 67 to 84), specificity 66% (56-75), positive likelihood ratio 2.28 (1.66-3.13), and negative likelihood ratio 0.35 (0.23-0.53). A brief assessment tool of three questions appears to be helpful in screening for CGD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1002/TL.125
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2014
Abstract: Capturing the complex time pattern of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) using accelerometry remains a challenge. Research from occupational health suggests exposure variation analysis (EVA) could provide a meaningful tool. This paper (1) explains the application of EVA to accelerometer data, (2) demonstrates how EVA thresholds and derivatives could be chosen and used to examine adherence to PA and SB guidelines, and (3) explores the validity of EVA outputs. EVA outputs are compared with accelerometer data from 4 in iduals (Study 1a and1b) and 3 occupational groups (Study 2): seated workstation office workers (n = 8), standing workstation office workers (n = 8), and teachers (n = 8). Line graphs and related EVA graphs highlight the use of EVA derivatives for examining compliance with guidelines. EVA derivatives of occupational groups confirm no difference in bouts of activity but clear differences as expected in extended bouts of SB and brief bursts of activity, thus providing evidence of construct validity. EVA offers a unique and comprehensive generic method that is able, for the first time, to capture the time pattern (both frequency and intensity) of PA and SB, which can be tailored for both occupational and public health research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATH.2009.12.007
Abstract: The objective of the study was to provide a detailed biopsychosocial evaluation of adolescent NSCLBP compared to those without LBP. NSCLBP was described by pain level, duration, levels of disability and kinesiophobia, aggravating factors and functional movements. Each pain subject was sub-classified using the O'Sullivan system. Groups were compared on physical activity levels, sitting posture, trunk extensor and thigh muscle endurance, psychosocial behaviour, depression, family functioning and exposure to stressful life events. Adolescents with NSCLBP reported moderate levels of pain (4.4/10 +/- 1.9), disability (17.9 +/- 10.1%) and fear avoidance beliefs (36.1/68 +/- 7.1). Differences between control and pain groups were only found for back muscle (p = 0.033) and squat endurance times (p = 0.032) and stressful life events (p = 0.030). Differences in sitting posture between pain and no pain groups were only found when pain subjects were sub-classified (lumbar angle p = 0.001). In conclusion, adolescents with NSCLBP reported moderate pain and disability with deficits in trunk and squat endurance. That they remained physically active is at odds with the activity avoidance and subsequent deconditioning model proposed for adults with NSCLBP. Differences between control and pain groups on history of stressful life events suggest this may contribute to adolescent NSCLBP. Differences with sitting posture are only seen when patients were sub-classified.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2014
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: Despite the widely publicized health benefits of physical activity, a large proportion of the world's population is insufficiently active or completely inactive. The 2018 edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAGA18) was a mammoth feat that took over 2 years to complete and resulted in a 779-page report in early 2018, followed by the publication of the summary guidelines in the
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2023
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2023659
Abstract: To investigate: (1) whether TV watching habits throughout childhood and adolescence, a proxy of sedentary behaviour, impacted cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood, and (2) whether any potential impact of TV watching in childhood and adolescence on CRF in adulthood was changed by adult physical activity (PA) levels. A longitudinal study with questionnaire data available regarding TV watching collected at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, 17 and 20 yrs, allowed trajectories of TV watching to be developed. At age 28 yrs, participants completed a V̇O
Publisher: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
Date: 11-06-2018
DOI: 10.5271/SJWEH.3744
Abstract: Objectives Spinal (ie, back and neck) pain often develops as early as during adolescence and can set a trajectory for later life. However, whether early-life spinal-pain-related behavioral responses of missing school/work are predictive of future work absenteeism is yet unknown. We assessed the association of adolescent spinal-pain-related work or school absenteeism with early adulthood work absenteeism in a prospective population-based cohort. Methods Six year follow-up data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) study were used (N=476 with a 54% response rate). At age 17, participants reported spinal pain (using the Nordic questionnaire) and adolescent spinal-pain-related work/school absenteeism (with a single item question). Annual total and health-related work absenteeism was assessed with the Health and Work Performance questionnaire distributed in four quarterly text messages during the 23rd year of age. We modelled the association of adolescent spinal-pain-related absenteeism with work absenteeism during early adulthood, using negative binomial regression adjusting for sex, occupation and comorbidities. Results Participants with adolescent low-back or neck pain with work/school absenteeism reported higher total work absenteeism in early adulthood [148.7, standard deviation (SD) 243.4 hours/year], than those without pain [43.7 (SD 95.2) hours/year) incidence rate ratio 3.4 (95% CI 1.2-9.2)]. Comparable findings were found when considering low-back and neck separately, and when considering health-related absenteeism. Conclusions We found a more than three-fold higher risk of work absenteeism in early adulthood among those with adolescent spinal-pain-related absenteeism, compared to those without. These findings suggest that, to keep a sustainable workforce, pain prevention and management should focus on pain-related behaviors as early as in adolescence.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2003
End Date: 2005
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2001
End Date: 2002
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 2012
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 2011
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 2008
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2015
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2022
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2015
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2019
Funder: Healthway
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 2015
Funder: National Heart Foundation of Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2018
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2019
End Date: 2023
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2019
End Date: 2019
Funder: National Heart Foundation of Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2016
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2026
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2021
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 10-2020
End Date: 10-2024
Amount: $424,829.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 12-2019
Amount: $334,119.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2021
End Date: 02-2028
Amount: $34,934,592.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 05-2020
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $556,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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