ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8160-4209
Current Organisations
Queensland University of Technology
,
Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Environmental And Occupational Health And Safety | Atmospheric Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Atmospheric Sciences | Other Chemical Sciences | Environmental Chemistry (incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Environmental Engineering | Environmental Impact Assessment | Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified | Environmental Monitoring | Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Analytical Spectrometry | Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety | Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering (incl. Alternative/Renewable Fuels) | Atmospheric Aerosols | Instruments And Techniques | Climate Change Processes | Combustion And Fuel Engineering | Mechanical Engineering | Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry not elsewhere classified | Environmental Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Environmental Science and Management | Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified | Public Health and Health Services | Numerical Analysis | Environmental Engineering Design | Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified | Environmental Engineering Modelling | Applied Hydrology (Drainage, Flooding, Irrigation, Quality, Etc.) | Atmospheric sciences | Analytical Chemistry not elsewhere classified | Proteomics and Intermolecular Interactions (excl. Medical Proteomics) | Other Physical Sciences | Air pollution processes and air quality measurement | Atmospheric aerosols | Atmospheric composition chemistry and processes | Tribology | Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified | Environmental Chemistry (Incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Environmental Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Atmospheric Sciences not elsewhere classified | Physical Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Ground transport | Air quality | Atmospheric processes | Environmental health | Air Quality not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Environmental Health | Atmospheric Processes and Dynamics | Atmospheric Composition (incl. Greenhouse Gas Inventory) | Climate change | Land and water management | Ground transport not elsewhere classified | Energy Transformation not elsewhere classified | Urban and Industrial Air Quality | Energy transformation | Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Air Quality | Public Health (excl. Specific Population Health) not elsewhere classified | Ground Transport not elsewhere classified | Public health not elsewhere classified | Transport equipment |
Related Links
Publications
Synthesis and Raman spectroscopic characterisation of hydrotalcite with CO3 2− and (MoO4 )2− anions in the interlayer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2007
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1838
Honeycomb‐Inspired Heterogeneous Bimetallic Co–Mo Oxide Nanoarchitectures for High‐Rate Electrochemical Lithium Storage
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-03-2019
Rapid and selective detection of recombinant human erythropoietin in human blood plasma by a sensitive optical sensor
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00972E
Abstract: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is an important hormone drug that is used to treat several medical conditions.
Source apportionment of fine particles at a suburban site in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/EN10112
Abstract: Environmental contextAirborne fine particles affect local, regional and global air quality and deteriorate the environment. Therefore comprehensive information on the locations and strengths of particle sources is critical for the development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of aerosols. The multivariate data analysis techniques used in this paper allowed the benefits of a previous control measure to be assessed and provided vital information for the application of further pollution reduction strategies to this and other areas of the world. AbstractAirborne fine particles were collected at a suburban site in Queensland, Australia between 1995 and 2003. The s les were analysed for 21 elements and Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF), Preference Ranking Organisation Methods for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Assistance (GAIA) were applied to the data. PROMETHEE provided information on the ranking of pollutant levels from the s ling years whereas PMF provided insights into the sources of the pollutants, their chemical composition, most likely locations and relative contribution to the levels of particulate pollution at the site. PROMETHEE and GAIA found that the removal of lead from fuel in the area had a significant effect on the pollution patterns whereas PMF identified six pollution sources, including railways (5.5%), biomass burning (43.3%), soil (9.2%), sea salt (15.6%), aged sea salt (24.4%) and motor vehicles (2.0%). Thus the results gave information that can assist in the formulation of mitigation measures for air pollution.
Multi-criteria ranking and source identification of metals in public playgrounds in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Surface-Dependent Intermediate Adsorption Modulation on Iridium-Modified Black Phosphorus Electrocatalysts for Efficient pH-Universal Water Splitting
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-10-2021
Abstract: 2D black phosphorus (BP) is one promising electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis. The too strong adsorption of oxygen intermediates during OER, while the too weak adsorption of hydrogen intermediate during HER, however, greatly compromise its practical water splitting applications with overpotentials as high as 450 mV for OER and 420 mV for HER to achieve 10 mA cm −2 under alkaline conditions. Herein, by rationally introducing the nanosized iridium (Ir) modifier together with optimized exposing surface toward electrolytes, an efficient Ir‐modified BP electrocatalyst with much favorable adsorption energies toward catalytic intermediates possesses an outstanding pH‐universal water splitting performance, surpassing the nearly all reported BP‐based catalysts and the commercial noble‐metal catalysts. The Ir‐modified BP catalyst with the optimized exposed surfaces only requires an overall cell voltage of 1.54 and 1.57 V to achieve 10 mA cm −2 in acidic and alkaline electrolysers, respectively. This design uncovers the potential applications of 2D BP in practical electrocatalysis fields via decreasing reaction intermediate adsorption energy barriers and promoting the interfacial electron coupling for heterostructured catalysts, and offers new insights into the surface‐dependent activity enhancement mechanism.
An XRD, SEM and TG study of a uranopilite from Australia
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: A uranopilite from The South Alligator River, Northern Territory, Australia, has been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDAX attachment, and thermogravimetry in conjunction with evolved gas mass spectrometry. The XRD shows that the mineral is a pure uranopilite with few if any impurities. The SEM images show that the uranopilite consists of elongated crystals, up to 50μm long and 5 μm wide. Thermogravimetry combined with mass spectrometry shows that dehydration occurs at ∼31°C resulting in the formation of metauranopilite. The first dehydration step over 20–71°C corresponds to a decrease of 5.4 wt.%, equivalent to 6.076 H 2 O. The second dehydration step, over the temperature range 71 –162.4°C corresponds to a decrease of 4.7 wt.%, equivalent to 5.288 H 2 O, making a total of 11.364 moles of H 2 O, close to 12 H 2 O for uranopilite. Dehydroxylation takes place over the temperature range 80–160°C. The loss of sulphate occurs at higher temperatures in two steps at 622 and 636°C. A mass loss also occurs at 755°C, accounted for by evolved oxygen.
Distribution of PBDEs, HBCDs and PCBs in the Brisbane River estuary sediment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2017.05.002
Abstract: To date, very little or no data exist in literature for some brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and polychlorinated biphenyls in Queensland sediments. These pollutants were measured in the sediments along the Brisbane River estuary. The target compounds were regularly detected in measurable concentrations: PBDEs=33.3-97.8% (n=45), PCBs=94.1-100% (n=51) and HBCDs=79-98% (n=48). Consistently, >90% of the observed ∑
Silicon–oxygen and acyl–oxygen bond cleavage in reactions of sterically hindered organosilicon carboxylates
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1039/P29860001357
Structural and thermal properties of inorganic–organic montmorillonite: Implications for their potential environmental applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2015.07.071
Abstract: Inorganic-organic clays (IOCs), clays intercalated with both organic cations such as cationic surfactants and inorganic cations such as metal hydroxy polycations have the properties of both organic and pillared clays, and thereby the ability to remove both inorganic and organic contaminants from water simultaneously. In this study, IOCs were synthesised using three different methods with different surfactant concentrations. Octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA) and hydroxy aluminium ([Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12](7+) or Al13) are used as the organic and inorganic modifiers (intercalation agents). According to the results, the interlayer distance, the surfactant loading amount and the Al/Si ratio of IOCs strictly depend on the intercalation method and the intercalation agent ratio. Interlayers of IOCs synthesised by intercalating ODTMA before Al13 and IOCs synthesised by simultaneous intercalation of ODTMA and Al13 were increased with increasing the ODTMA concentration used in the synthesis procedure and comparatively high loading amounts could be observed in them. In contrast, Al/Si decreased with increasing ODTMA concentration in these two types of IOCs. The results suggest that Al-pillars can be fixed within the interlayers by calcination and any increment in the amount of ODTMA used in the synthesis procedure did not affect the interlayer distance of the IOCs. Overall the study provides valuable insights into the structure and properties of the IOCs and their potential environmental applications.
Adsorption of phenol and Cu(II) onto cationic and zwitterionic surfactant modified montmorillonite in single and binary systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Stoichiometry and kinetics of the oxidation of hydroxylammonium ion by 12-tungstocobaltate(III) anion in aqueous solution
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00692631
Sources and transport pathways of common heavy metals to urban road surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Removal of boron species by layered double hydroxides: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.03.051
Abstract: Boron, which is an essential element for plants, is toxic to humans and animals at high concentrations. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and thermally activated LDHs have shown good uptake of a range of boron species in laboratory scale experiments when compared to current available methods, which are for the most part ineffective or prohibitively expensive. LDHs were able to remove anions from water by anion exchange, the reformation (or memory) effect and direct precipitation. The main mechanism of boron uptake appeared to be anion exchange, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Solution pH appeared to have little effect on boron sorption while thermal activation did not always significantly improve boron uptake. In addition, perpetration of numerous LDHs with varying boron anions in the interlayer region by direct co-precipitation and anion exchange have been reported by a number of groups. The composition and orientation of the interlayer boron ions could be identified with reasonable certainty by applying a number of characterisation techniques including: powder XRD, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. There is still considerable scope for future research on the application of LDHs for the removal of boron contaminants.
Effects of heteroatom doping on the performance of graphene in sodium-ion batteries: A density functional theory investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of glutathione by 12-tungstocobaltate(III) in aqueous solutions. A preliminary report
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1983
Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using palygorskite-supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of l-methionine by aqueous solution of chromium(VI)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1988
Oxidation of l-cysteine, mercaptoacetic acid and β-mercaptoethylamine by 12-tungstocobaltate(III)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1983
Thermal stability and hot-stage Raman spectroscopic study of Ca-montmorillonite modified with different surfactants: A comparative study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Bisphenol A sorption by organo-montmorillonite: Implications for the removal of organic contaminants from water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.12.050
Abstract: Remediation of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions by adsorption using organoclays synthesized from montmorillonite (MMT) with different types of organic surfactant molecules was demonstrated. High adsorption capacities of the organoclays for the uptake of BPA were observed and these demonstrated their potential application as strong adsorbents for noxious organic water contaminants. The adsorption of BPA was significantly influenced by pH, with increased adsorption of BPA in acidic pH range. However, the organoclays intercalated with highly loaded surfactants and/or large surfactant molecules were less influenced by the pH of the environment and this was thought to be due to the shielding the negative charge from surfactant molecules and the development of more positive charge on the clay surface, which leads to the attraction of anionic BPA even at alkaline pH. The hydrophobic phase created by loaded surfactant molecules contributed to a partitioning phase, interacting with BPA molecules strongly through hydrophobic interaction. Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the adsorption of BPA onto the organoclays. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic with lower temperature facilitating the adsorption of BPA onto the organoclays. The described process provides a potential pathway for the removal of BPA from contaminated waters.
Application of chemometrics to analysis of soil pollutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of growth bands in Porites coral from South China Sea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2013.04.049
Abstract: A series of s les from different growth bands of Porites coral skeleton were studied using Raman, infrared reflectance methods. The Raman spectra proved that skeleton s les from different growth bands have the same mineral phase as aragonite, but a band at 133 cm(-1) for the top layer shows a transition from ~120 cm(-1) for vaterite to ~141 cm(-1) for aragonite. It is inferred that the vaterite should be the precursor of aragonite of coral skeleton. The positional shift in the infrared spectra of the skeleton s les from growth bands correlate significantly to their minor elements (Li, Mg, Sr, Mn, Fe and U) contents. Mg, Sr and U especially have significant negative correlations with the positions of the antisymmetric stretching band ν3 at ~1469 cm(-1). And Li shows a high negative correlation with ν2 band (~855 cm(-1)), while Sr and Mn show similar negative correlation with ν4 band (~712 cm(-1)). And Mn also shows a negative correlation with ν1 band (~1082 cm(-1)). A significantly negative correlation is observed for U with ν1+ν4 band (~1786 cm(-1)). However, Fe shows positive correlation with ν1, ν2, ν3, ν4 and ν1+ν4 bands shifts, especially a significant correlation with ν1 band (~1082 cm(-1)). New insights into the characteristics of coral at different growth bands of skeleton are given in present work.
Determination of surrogate indicators for phosphorus and solids in urban stormwater : application of multivariate data analysis techniques
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2007
Influence of the hierarchical structure of land use on metals, nutrients and organochlorine pesticides in urban river sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Raman spectroscopic study of the multi‐anion uranyl mineral schroeckingerite
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2007
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1827
Black phosphorus nanosheets promoted 2D-TiO2-2D heterostructured anode for high-performance lithium storage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Simultaneous adsorption and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol on sepiolite-supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Influence of fuel composition on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from a fleet of in-service passenger cars
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Source apportionment and risk assessment of PAHs in Brisbane River sediment, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Reactions of fac-[PtMe2(OMe)(H2O)3]+ with halide ions: effect of halide trans effect on methoxide hydrolysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2003
Potential bioavailability assessment, source apportionment and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment of Brisbane River estuary, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2017.02.017
Abstract: A weak acid extraction was used to mobilize the loosely bound metals in estuary sediment s les. More than 30% of Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn Ni, Pb and Zn were leached from the sediment showing that these metals are significantly present in the bioavailable form. PCA/APCS identified three sources of the metals, namely: lithogenic accounting for 72%, shipping related contributing 15% and traffic related representing 13% of the total load. Application of pollution index (PI) and modified pollution index (MPI) revealed that the sediment range from unpolluted to heavily polluted while ecological risk index (RI) classifies the sediment as posing low ecological risk modified ecological risk index (MRI) suggests considerable to very high ecological risk. To provide holistic insights into the ecological risks posed by metals, enrichment factor, MPI and MRI are recommended for the assessment of sediment in complex environments such as estuaries.
Concentration and oxidative potential of on-road particle emissions and their relationship with traffic composition: Relevance to exposure assessment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Particulate emissions from a petrol to CNG converted spark ignition vehicle
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Factors influencing organochlorine pesticides distribution in the Brisbane River Estuarine sediment, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2017.09.022
Abstract: Sediment s les collected from Brisbane River were analysed for organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). The factors influencing OCPs distribution in the sediment were investigated using multivariate analytical tools. Thirteen OCPs were detected in the sediment with concentrations ranging between below detection to 83.9ng/g, and detection frequency >90%. With the exception of dieldrin, the OCP inputs appear to be historical and may cause adverse ecological impacts. Multi-criteria ranking of the factors influencing the OCPs (except dieldrin) distribution in the sediment revealed that TOC>silt>intensive urban land use>population>seasons. Dieldrin distribution is significantly influenced by season>TOC>silt>intensive urban land use>population. The study helps to prioritise factors required for managing OCPs contamination in sediments and identification of appropriate mitigation measures.
Clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite materials for the remediation of contaminated aqueous solutions: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Vibrational spectroscopic study of hydrated uranyl oxide: Curite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Influence of land use class and configuration on water-sediment partitioning of heavy metals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Application of organo-beidellites for the adsorption of atrazine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Characterization of particle number concentrations and PM2.5 in a school: influence of outdoor air pollution on indoor air
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-010-0306-2
Abstract: The impact of air pollution on school children's health is currently one of the key foci of international and national agencies. Of particular concern are ultrafine particles which are emitted in large quantities, contain large concentrations of toxins and are deposited deeply in the respiratory tract. In this study, an intensive s ling c aign of indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter was carried out in a primary school in February 2006 to investigate indoor and outdoor particle number (PN) and mass concentrations (PM(2.5)), and particle size distribution, and to evaluate the influence of outdoor air pollution on the indoor air. For outdoor PN and PM(2.5), early morning and late afternoon peaks were observed on weekdays, which are consistent with traffic rush hours, indicating the predominant effect of vehicular emissions. However, the temporal variations of outdoor PM(2.5) and PN concentrations occasionally showed extremely high peaks, mainly due to human activities such as cigarette smoking and the operation of mower near the s ling site. The indoor PM(2.5) level was mainly affected by the outdoor PM(2.5) (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), whereas the indoor PN concentration had some association with outdoor PN values (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) even though the indoor PN concentration was occasionally influenced by indoor sources, such as cooking, cleaning and floor polishing activities. Correlation analysis indicated that the outdoor PM(2.5) was inversely correlated with the indoor to outdoor PM(2.5) ratio (I/O ratio r = -0.49, p < 0.01), while the indoor PN had a weak correlation with the I/O ratio for PN (r = 0.34, p < 0.01). The results showed that occupancy did not cause any major changes to the modal structure of particle number and size distribution, even though the I/O ratio was different for different size classes. The I/O curves had a maximum value for particles with diameters of 100-400 nm under both occupied and unoccupied scenarios, whereas no significant difference in I/O ratio for PM(2.5) was observed between occupied and unoccupied conditions. Inspection of the size-resolved I/O ratios in the preschool centre and the classroom suggested that the I/O ratio in the preschool centre was the highest for accumulation mode particles at 600 nm after school hours, whereas the average I/O ratios of both nucleation mode and accumulation mode particles in the classroom were much lower than those of Aitken mode particles. The findings obtained in this study are useful for epidemiological studies to estimate the total personal exposure of children, and to develop appropriate control strategies for minimising the adverse health effects on school children.
Characterisation of organoclays and adsorption of p-nitrophenol: Environmental application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2011.04.085
Abstract: Organoclays were synthesised through ion exchange of a single surfactant for sodium ions, and characterised by a range of method including X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The change in surface properties of montmorillonite and organoclays intercalated with the surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) were determined using XRD through the change in basal spacing and the expansion occurred by the adsorbed p-nitrophenol. The changes of interlayer spacing were observed in TEM. In addition, the surface measurement such as specific surface area and pore volume was measured and calculated using BET method, this suggested the loaded surfactant is highly important to determine the sorption mechanism onto organoclays. The collected results of XPS provided the chemical composition of montmorillonite and organoclays, and the high-resolution XPS spectra offered the chemical states of prepared organoclays with binding energy. Using TGA and FT-IR, the confirmation of intercalated surfactant was investigated. The collected data from various techniques enable an understanding of the changes in structure and surface properties. This study is of importance to provide mechanisms for the adsorption of organic molecules, especially in contaminated environmental sites and polluted waters.
The impact of flood and post-flood cleaning on airborne microbiological and particle contamination in residential houses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2014.04.001
Abstract: In January 2011, Brisbane, Australia, experienced a major river flooding event. We aimed to investigate its effects on air quality and assess the role of prompt cleaning activities in reducing the airborne exposure risk. A comprehensive, multi-parameter indoor and outdoor measurement c aign was conducted in 41 residential houses, 2 and 6 months after the flood. The median indoor air concentrations of supermicrometer particle number (PN), PM10, fungi and bacteria 2 months after the flood were comparable to those previously measured in Brisbane. These were 2.88 p cm(-3), 15 μg m(-3), 804 cf um(-3) and 177 cf um(-3) for flood-affected houses (AFH), and 2.74 p cm(-3), 15 μg m(-3), 547 cf um(-3) and 167 cf um(-3) for non-affected houses (NFH), respectively. The I/O (indoor/outdoor) ratios of these pollutants were 1.08, 1.38, 0.74 and 1.76 for AFH and 1.03, 1.32, 0.83 and 2.17 for NFH, respectively. The average of total elements (together with transition metals) in indoor dust was 2296 ± 1328 μg m(-2) for AFH and 1454 ± 678 μg m(-2) for NFH, respectively. In general, the differences between AFH and NFH were not statistically significant, implying the absence of a measureable effect on air quality from the flood. We postulate that this was due to the very swift and effective cleaning of the flooded houses by 60,000 volunteers. Among the various cleaning methods, the use of both detergent and bleach was the most efficient at controlling indoor bacteria. All cleaning methods were equally effective for indoor fungi. This study provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of immediate post-flood cleaning on mitigating the effects of flooding on indoor bioaerosol contamination and other pollutants.
Particle and carbon dioxide emissions from passenger vehicles operating on unleaded petrol and LPG fuel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.10.021
Abstract: A comprehensive study of the particle and carbon dioxide emissions from a fleet of six dedicated liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) powered and five unleaded petrol (ULP) powered new Ford Falcon Forte passenger vehicles was carried out on a chassis dynamometer at four different vehicle speeds--0 (idle), 40, 60, 80 and 100 km h(-1). Emission factors and their relative values between the two fuel types together with a statistical significance for any difference were estimated for each parameter. In general, LPG was found to be a 'cleaner' fuel, although in most cases, the differences were not statistically significant owing to the large variations between emissions from different vehicles. The particle number emission factors ranged from 10(11) to 10(13) km(-1) and was over 70% less with LPG compared to ULP. Corresponding differences in particle mass emission factor between the two fuels were small and ranged from the order of 10 microg km(-1) at 40 to about 1000 microg km(-1) at 100 km h(-1). The count median particle diameter (CMD) ranged from 20 to 35 nm and was larger with LPG than with ULP in all modes except the idle mode. Carbon dioxide emission factors ranged from about 300 to 400 g km(-1) at 40 km h(-1), falling with increasing speed to about 200 g km(-1) at 100 km h(-1). At all speeds, the values were 10% to 18% greater with ULP than with LPG.
An Investigation into the Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Particles Originating from the Operation of Laser Printers
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-01-2009
DOI: 10.1021/ES802193N
Abstract: While current research has demonstrated that the operation of some laser printers results in emission of high concentrations of ultrafine particles, fundamental gaps in knowledge in relation to the emissions still remain. In particular, there have been no answers provided to questions such as the following: (1) What is the composition of the particles? (2) What are their formation mechanisms? (3) Why are some printers high emitters, while others are low? Considering the widespread use of printers and human exposure to these particles, understanding the process of particle formation is of critical importance. This study, using state-of-the-art instrumental methods, has addressed these three points. We present experimental evidence that indicates that intense bursts of particles are associated with temperature fluctuations and suggest that the difference between high and low emitters lies in the speed and sophistication of the temperature control. We have also shown, for the first time, that the particles are volatile and are of secondary nature, being formed in the air from VOC originating from both the paper and hot toner. Some of the toner is initially deposited on the fuser roller, after which the organic compounds evaporate and then form particles, through one of two main reaction pathways: homogeneous nucleation or secondary particle formation involving ozone.
Linking source characterisation and human health risk assessment of metals to rainfall characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2018.03.077
Abstract: Metals deposited on urban road surfaces and incorporated in stormwater runoff are discharged into receiving waters, influencing their quality and can pose human health risks. Effective design of stormwater treatment measures is closely dependent on the in-depth understanding of stormwater pollutant sources and the associated health risks. The study discussed in this paper has linked the sources of metals in stormwater runoff and the accompanying human health risk to rainfall characteristics. The study outcomes confirmed that the metal contributions to stormwater runoff from the primary sources were in the order of sea salt > soil > traffic. Although traffic contributes a relatively lower percentage to wash-off, the human health risks posed by traffic sourced metals were relatively much higher. This implies that traffic sources should receive particular attention in treating stormwater. These outcomes have the potential to contribute to enhancing effective source control measures in order to safeguard natural waterways from polluted road wash-off.
Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metal in Brisbane River sediment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.09.008
Abstract: Estuarine environment is complex and receives different contaminants from numerous sources that are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The distribution, source, contamination and ecological risk status of heavy metals in sediment of Brisbane River, Australia were investigated. Sediment s les were analysed for major and minor elements using LA-ICP-MS. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis identified three main sources of metals in the s les: marine sand intrusion, mixed lithogenic and sand intrusion as well as transport related. To overcome inherent deficiencies in using a single index, a range of sediment quality indices, including contamination factor, enrichment factor, index of geo-accumulation, modified degree of contamination, pollution index and modified pollution index were utilised to ascertain the sediment quality. Generally, the sediment is deemed to be "slightly" to "heavily" polluted. A further comparison with the Australian Sediment Quality Guidelines indicated that Ag, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn had the potential to rarely cause biological effects while Hg could frequently cause biological effects. Application of potential ecological risk index (RI) revealed that the sediment poses moderate to considerable ecological risk. However, RI could not account for the complex sediment behaviour because it uses a simple contamination factor. Consequently, a modified ecological risk index (MRI) employing enrichment factor is proposed. This provides a more reliable understanding of whole sediment behaviour and classified the ecological risk of the sediment as moderate to very high. The results demonstrate the need for further investigation into heavy metal speciation and bioavailability in the sediment to ascertain the degree of toxicity.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl carbonate mineral voglite
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2007
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1829
Impacts of traffic and rainfall characteristics on heavy metals build-up and wash-off from urban roads
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-10-2010
DOI: 10.1021/ES1012565
Abstract: An investigation into the effects of changes in urban traffic characteristics due to rapid urbanisation and the predicted changes in rainfall characteristics due to climate change on the build-up and wash-off of heavy metals was carried out in Gold Coast, Australia. The study sites encompassed three different urban land uses. Nine heavy metals commonly associated with traffic emissions were selected. The results were interpreted using multivariate data analysis and decision making tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA), fuzzy clustering (FC), PROMETHEE, and GAIA. Initial analyses established high, low, and moderate traffic scenarios as well as low, low to moderate, moderate, high, and extreme rainfall scenarios for build-up and wash-off investigations. GAIA analyses established that moderate to high traffic scenarios could affect the build-up, while moderate to high rainfall scenarios could affect the wash-off of heavy metals under changed conditions. However, in wash-off, metal concentrations in 1-75 μm fraction were found to be independent of the changes to rainfall characteristics. In build-up, high traffic activities in commercial and industrial areas influenced the accumulation of heavy metal concentrations in particulate size range from 75 - >300 μm, whereas metal concentrations in finer size range of <1-75 μm were not affected. As practical implications, solids 300 μm can be targeted for removal of Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn from build-up, while organic matter from 300 μm can be targeted for removal of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni from wash-off. Cu and Zn need to be removed as free ions from most fractions in wash-off.
Analysis of the build-up of semi and non volatile organic compounds on urban roads
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2011.02.033
Abstract: Vehicular traffic in urban areas may adversely affect urban water quality through the build-up of traffic generated semi and non volatile organic compounds (SVOCs and NVOCs) on road surfaces. The characterisation of the build-up processes is the key to developing mitigation measures for the removal of such pollutants from urban stormwater. An in-depth analysis of the build-up of SVOCs and NVOCs was undertaken in the Gold Coast region in Australia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multicriteria Decision tools such as PROMETHEE and GAIA were employed to understand the SVOC and NVOC build-up under combined traffic scenarios of low, moderate, and high traffic in different land uses. It was found that congestion in the commercial areas and use of lubricants and motor oils in the industrial areas were the main sources of SVOCs and NVOCs on urban roads, respectively. The contribution from residential areas to the build-up of such pollutants was hardly noticeable. It was also revealed through this investigation that the target SVOCs and NVOCs were mainly attached to particulate fractions of 75-300 μm whilst the redistribution of coarse fractions due to vehicle activity mainly occurred in the >300 μm size range. Lastly, under combined traffic scenario, moderate traffic with average daily traffic ranging from 2300 to 5900 and average congestion of 0.47 were found to dominate SVOC and NVOC build-up on roads.
A homogeneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform for ultra-trace detection of trinitrotoluene in the environment
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5AY00739A
Abstract: Extraction and SERS detection of TNT in soil.
Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of mudstones in a hydrocarbon-bearing depression, South China Sea: Implications for thermal maturity evaluation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2015.08.031
Abstract: A better understanding of mineral transformations in sedimentary rocks and the controls on thermal maturity have become essential in the petroleum exploration industry in recent years. The Fushan Depression is an important hydrocarbon-bearing depression in South China Sea, which can be sub ided into three structural zones: the western, central and eastern zones. In this study, a series of mudstone s les selected from 13 drilling cores with depths ranging from 2100 to 3800 m were studied using infrared reflectance spectroscopy and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) methods. And another 10 s les have been chosen for vitrinite reflectance measurement so as to investigate the ability of using infrared spectroscopy for thermal maturity evaluations. The infrared spectra results show that quartz and silicates (e.g. illite, kaolinite, smectite) are the dominant minerals in all s les. The semi-quantitative XRD analysis reveals a clear trend in illite content as the eastern zone (mean 80.81%)>the western zone (mean 73.52%)>the central zone (mean 55.04%) as well as a contrary trend in kaolinite content. This study documents that the peak height and position of Si-O antisymmetric stretching bands at ~1025 cm(-1) and ~1000 cm(-1) have a significant correlation with the degree of kaolinite illitization, suggesting that the utility of infrared spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the study of thermal maturity in sedimentary basins. The infrared spectra and XRD results together with vitrinite reflectance data indicate that the thermal maturity in the eastern zone is anomalously high, followed by the western zone, and that in the central zone is lowest. The igneous intrusion in the eastern zone has a significant impact on thermal maturation, resulting in high degree of kaolinite illitization. By contrast, the abundance in kaolinite in the central zone represents relatively low degree of kaolinite illitization, which should be attributed to shallow burial depth.
Preparation and some reactions of the compounds HgVsi2, CdVsi2, and Hg(Vsi)Br [Vsi = (Me3Si)2 = CHMe2Si)C]. Crystal structure of CdVsi2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1987
Nanomaterials and the Environment
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/528606
Factors influencing the outdoor concentration of carbonaceous aerosols at urban schools in Brisbane, Australia: Implications for children's exposure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2015.04.017
Abstract: This comprehensive study aimed to determine the sources and driving factors of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in ambient PM2.5 in urban schools. S ling was conducted outdoors at 25 schools in the Brisbane Metropolitan Area, Australia. Concentrations of primary and secondary OC were quantified using the EC tracer method, with secondary OC accounting for an average of 60%. Principal component analysis distinguished the contributing sources above the background and identified groups of schools with differing levels of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols. Overall, the results showed that vehicle emissions, local weather conditions and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) were the key factors influencing concentrations of carbonaceous component of PM2.5 at these schools. These results provide insights into children's exposure to vehicle emissions and SOA at such urban schools.
A highly sensitive SERS quenching nanosensor for the determination of tumor necrosis factor alpha in blood
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Volatile Organic Compounds: Characteristics, distribution and sources in urban schools
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Gold-deposited nickel foam as recyclable plasmonic sensor for therapeutic drug monitoring in blood by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-09-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NANO10091756
Abstract: A sensitive and recyclable plasmonic nickel foam sensor has been developed for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A simple electrochemical method was used to deposit flower-shaped gold nanostructures onto nickel foam substrate. The high packing of the gold nanoflowers onto the nickel foam led to a high enhancement factor (EF) of 1.6 × 1011. The new SERS sensor was utilized for the direct determination of the broad-spectrum β-lactam carbapenem antibiotic meropenem in human blood plasma down to one pM. The sensor was also used in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-SERS assembly to provide fingerprint identification of meropenem in human blood plasma. Moreover, the SERS measurements were reproducible in aqueous solution and human blood plasma (RSD = 5.5%) and (RSD = 2.86%), respectively at 200 µg/mL (n = 3), and successfully recycled using a simple method, and hence, used for the repeated determination of the drug by SERS. Therefore, the new sensor has a strong potential to be applied for the therapeutic drug monitoring of meropenem at points of care and intensive care units.
Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, food additive and pesticides in surface waters from three Australian east coast estuaries (Sydney, Yarra and Brisbane)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Multi-criteria ranking and receptor modelling of airborne fine particles at three sites in the Pearl River Delta region of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2010.11.008
Abstract: The multi-criteria decision making methods, Preference Ranking Organization METHods for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Assistance (GAIA), and the two-way Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model were applied to airborne fine particle compositional data collected at three sites in Hong Kong during two monitoring c aigns held from November 2000 to October 2001 and November 2004 to October 2005. PROMETHEE/GAIA indicated that the three sites were worse during the later monitoring c aign, and that the order of the air quality at the sites during each c aign was: rural site>urban site>roadside site. The PMF analysis on the other hand, identified 6 common sources at all of the sites (diesel vehicle, fresh sea salt, secondary sulphate, soil, aged sea salt and oil combustion) which accounted for approximately 68.8±8.7% of the fine particle mass at the sites. In addition, road dust, gasoline vehicle, biomass burning, secondary nitrate, and metal processing were identified at some of the sites. Secondary sulphate was found to be the highest contributor to the fine particle mass at the rural and urban sites with vehicle emission as a high contributor to the roadside site. The PMF results are broadly similar to those obtained in a previous analysis by PCA/APCS. However, the PMF analysis resolved more factors at each site than the PCA/APCS. In addition, the study demonstrated that combined results from multi-criteria decision making analysis and receptor modelling can provide more detailed information that can be used to formulate the scientific basis for mitigating air pollution in the region.
Rapid Quantification of Methamphetamine: Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Chemometrics
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-07-2013
Application of organoclays for the adsorption of recalcitrant organic molecules from aqueous media
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2010.09.068
Abstract: Water purification is imperative for the welfare of a healthy population. Water is widely contaminated by recalcitrant organic chemicals such a pesticides, herbicides and hormones. One inexpensive method for purifying water from these types of molecules is through adsorption. One suite of materials for this adsorption is based upon organoclays. This paper reviews the adsorption of organics on organoclays.
Porous Graphene Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Publisher: InTech
Date: 12-10-2016
DOI: 10.5772/63554
Influence of microplastics on nutrients and metal concentrations in river sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2010.06.015
Abstract: This paper reports the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wash-off in urban stormwater in Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff s les collected from residential, industrial and commercial sites were separated into a dissolved fraction ( 150 microm). Patterns in the distribution of PAHs in the fractions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis. Regardless of the land use and particle size fraction characteristics, the presence of organic carbon plays a dominant role in the distribution of PAHs. The PAHs concentrations were also found to decrease with rainfall duration. Generally, the 1- and 2-year average recurrence interval rainfall events were associated with the majority of the PAHs and the wash-off was a source limiting process. In the context of stormwater quality mitigation, targeting the initial part of the rainfall event is the most effective treatment strategy. The implications of the study results for urban stormwater quality management are also discussed.
Traffic and climate change impacts on water quality : measuring build-up and wash-off of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61692-022-7.CH011
Abstract: Understanding the impacts of traffic and climate change on water quality helps decision makers to develop better policy and plans for dealing with unsustainable urban and transport development. This chapter presents detailed methodologies developed for s le collection and testing for heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons, as part of a research study to investigate the impacts of climate change and changes to urban traffic characteristics on pollutant build-up and wash-off from urban road surfaces. Cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, iron, aluminium, manganese and zinc were the target heavy metals, and selected gasoline and diesel range organics were the target total petroleum hydrocarbons for this study. The study sites were selected to encompass the urban traffic characteristics of the Gold Coast region, Australia. An improved s le collection method referred to as ‘the wet and dry vacuum system’ for the pollutant build-up, and an effective wash-off plan to incorporate predicted changes to rainfall characteristics due to climate change, were implemented. The novel approach to s le collection for pollutant build-up helped to maintain the integrity of collection efficiency. The wash-off plan helped to incorporate the predicted impacts of climate change in the Gold Coast region. The robust experimental methods developed will help in field s le collection and chemical testing of different stormwater pollutants in build-up and wash-off.& nbsp
Oxidation of glutathione by diaquatetrakis(2,2?-bipyridine)-?-oxo diruthenium(III) ion in aqueous acidic solutions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00136039
A thermoanalytical assessment of an organoclay
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2011
Multi-criteria ranking and source apportionment of fine particulate matter in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/EN09035
Abstract: Environmental context. There are serious global concerns about the environmental and health effects of atmospheric air pollutants. However, estimates of pollutants from measurements made in the proximity of a source do not always represent the ultimate atmospheric concentrations. Therefore alternative methods of attributing pollutants to sources, and estimating their contributions to atmospheric concentrations, as demonstrated in the current work, will become an increasingly important area of environmental research. Abstract. This paper reports the application of multicriteria decision making techniques, Preference Ranking Organisation Methods for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Assistance (GAIA), and receptor models, principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) and positive matrix factorisation (PMF), to data from an air monitoring site located on the c us of Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia and operated by Queensland Environmental Protection Agency (QEPA). The data consisted of the concentrations of 21 chemical species and meteorological data collected between 1995 and 2003. PROMETHEE/GAIA separated the s les into those collected when leaded and unleaded petrol were used to power vehicles in the region. The number and source profiles of the factors obtained from PCA/APCS and PMF analyses were compared. There are noticeable differences in the outcomes possibly because of the non-negative constraints imposed on the PMF analysis. Whereas PCA/APCS identified 6 sources, PMF reduced the data to 9 factors. Each factor had distinctive compositions that suggested that motor vehicle emissions, controlled burning of forests, secondary sulfate, sea salt and soil were the most important sources of fine particulate matter at the site. The most plausible locations of the sources were identified by combining the results obtained from the receptor models with meteorological data. The study demonstrated the potential benefits of combining results from multi-criteria decision making analysis with those from receptor models in order to gain insights into information that could enhance the development of air pollution control measures.
The theatricality of the deaths of C. Gracchus and friends
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1093/CQ/51.1.135
Transformation Processes of Metals in Urban Road Dust
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2020
Adsorption of phenol, phosphate and Cd(II) by inorganic–organic montmorillonites: A comparative study of single and multiple solute
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Structural characterisation and environmental application of organoclays for the removal of phenolic compounds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2012.10.067
Abstract: Modified montmorillonite was prepared at different surfactant (HDTMA) loadings through ion exchange. The conformational arrangement of the loaded surfactants within the interlayer space of MMT was obtained by computational modelling. The conformational change of surfactant molecules enhance the visual understanding of the results obtained from characterization methods such as XRD and surface analysis of the organoclays. Batch experiments were carried out for the adsorption of p-chlorophenol (PCP) and different conditions (pH and temperature) were used in order to determine the optimum sorption. For comparison purpose, the experiments were repeated under the same conditions for p-nitrophenol (PNP). Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied to the adsorption isotherm of PCP and PNP. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be the best fit for both of the phenolic compounds. This involved multilayer adsorptions in the adsorption process. In particular, the binding affinity value of PNP was higher than that of PCP and this is attributable to their hydrophobicities. The adsorption of the phenolic compounds by organoclays intercalated with highly loaded surfactants was markedly improved possibly due to the fact that the intercalated surfactant molecules within the interlayer space contribute to the partition phases, which result in greater adsorption of the organic pollutants.
Removal of herbicides from aqueous solutions by modified forms of montmorillonite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.10.024
Abstract: This investigation for the removal of agricultural pollutants, imazaquin and atrazine was conducted using montmorillonite (MMT) exchanged with organic cations through ion exchange. The study found that the adsorption of the herbicides was affected by the degree of organic cation saturations, the size of organic cations and the different natures of the herbicides. The modified clays intercalated with the larger surfactant molecules at the higher concentrations tended to enhance the adsorption of imazaquin and atrazine. In particular, the organoclays were highly efficient for the removal of imazaquin while the adsorption of atrazine was minimal due to the different hydrophobicities. Both imazaquin and atrazine were influenced by the changes of pH. The hoteric imazaquin exists as an anion at the pH 5-7 and the anionic imazaquin was protonated to a neutral and further a cationic form when the pH is lower. The weak base, atrazine was also protonated at lower pH values. The anionic imazaquin had a strong affinity to the organoclays on the external surface as well as in the interlayer space of the MMT through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In this study, the electrostatic interaction can be the primary mechanism involved during the adsorption process. This study also investigated a comparative adsorption for the imazaquin and atrazine and the lower adsorption of atrazine was enhanced and this phenomenon was due to the synergetic effect. This work highlights a potential mechanism for the removal of specific persistence herbicides from the environment.
Underwater emissions from a two-stroke outboard engine : a comparison between an EAL and an equivalent mineral lubricant
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2017.07.025
Abstract: It has been shown that the exposure to airborne particulate matter is one of the most significant environmental risks people face. Since indoor environment is where people spend the majority of time, in order to protect against this risk, the origin of the particles needs to be understood: do they come from indoor, outdoor sources or both? Further, this question needs to be answered separately for each of the PM mass/number size fractions, as they originate from different sources. Numerous studies have been conducted for specific indoor environments or under specific setting. Here our aim was to go beyond the specifics of in idual studies, and to explore, based on pooled data from the literature, whether there are generalizable trends in routes of exposure at homes, schools and day cares, offices and aged care facilities. To do this, we quantified the overall 24h and occupancy weighted means of PM
Geological load and health risk of heavy metals uptake by tea from soil: What are the significant influencing factors?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
A review of the removal of anions and oxyanions of the halogen elements from aqueous solution by layered double hydroxides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.11.040
Abstract: The application of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and thermally activated LDHs for the removal of various fluorine (F(-),BF4(-)), chlorine (Cl(-),ClO4(-)), bromine (Br(-),BrO3(-)) and iodine (I(-),IO3(-)) species from aqueous solutions has been reviewed in this article. LDHs and thermally activated LDHs were able to significantly reduce the concentration of selected anions in laboratory scale experiments. The M(2+):M(3+) cation ratio of the LDH adsorbent was an important factor which influenced anion uptake. Though LDHs were able to remove some target anion species through anion exchange and surface adsorption thermal activation and reformation generally produced better results. The presence of competing anions including carbonate, phosphate and sulphate had a significant impact on uptake of the target anion as LDHs typically exhibit lower affinity towards monovalent anions compared to anions with multiple charges. The removal of fluoride and perchlorate from aqueous solution by a continuous flow system utilising fixed bed columns packed with LDH adsorbents has also been investigated. The adsorption capacity of the columns at breakpoint was heavily dependent on the flow rate and lower than result reported for the corresponding batch methods. There is still considerable scope for future research on numerous topics summarised in this article.
Applications of low-cost sensing technologies for air quality monitoring and exposure assessment: How far have they gone?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Two-dimensional fluorine-free mesoporous Mo2C MXene via UV-induced selective etching of Mo2Ga2C for energy storage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
The relationship between building characteristics and the chemical composition of surface films found on glass windows in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban environment: Occurrence, toxicity and source apportionment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2015.08.015
Abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a major class of toxic pollutants because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. People living in urban areas are regularly exposed to PAHs because of abundance of their emission sources. Within this context, this study aimed to: (i) identify and quantify the levels of ambient PAHs in an urban environment (ii) evaluate their toxicity and (iii) identify their sources as well as the contribution of specific sources to measured concentrations. Sixteen PAHs were identified and quantified in air s les collected from Brisbane. Principal Component Analysis - Absolute Principal Component Scores (PCA-APCS) was used in order to conduct source apportionment of the measured PAHs. Vehicular emissions, natural gas combustion, petrol emissions and evaporative/unburned fuel were the sources identified contributing 56%, 21%, 15% and 8% of the total PAHs emissions, respectively, all of which need to be considered for any pollution control measures implemented in urban areas.
Heavy metals transport pathways: The importance of atmospheric pollution contributing to stormwater pollution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2018.08.072
Abstract: Pollution has become a serious issue in the urban water environment as stormwater runoff transports a range of pollutants to receiving water bodies, undermining water quality and posing human and ecosystem health risks. Commonly, the primary focus of stormwater quality research is on the role of pollutants directly accumulating at the ground phase. However, atmospheric phase can also exert a significant impact on stormwater quality through atmospheric deposition. Unfortunately, only limited research has focused on the linkage between atmospheric and ground phases in relation to urban stormwater quality. The study discussed in this paper characterised the four primary transport pathways, atmospheric build-up (AB), atmospheric deposition (AD) and road surface build-up (BU) and wash-off (WO) in relation to heavy metals, which is a key urban stormwater pollutant. The research outcomes confirmed the direct linkage between atmospheric phase and ground phase and in turn the significance of atmospheric heavy metals as a contributing source to stormwater runoff pollution. Zn was the most dominant heavy metal in all four pathways. For the AB pathway, atmospheric heavy metal pollution on weekdays is more serious than weekends. For the AD pathway, dry atmospheric deposition of heavy metals is positively correlated to dry days, whilst wet (bulk) deposition is related to rainfall depth. For the BU pathway, heavy-duty vehicle traffic volume was found to be the most important source. For the WO pathway, industrial and commercial areas tend to produce higher heavy metal concentrations in stormwater runoff than residential areas. The study results will contribute to the creation of effective urban stormwater pollution mitigation strategies and thereby enhancing the quality of the urban water environment.
Fabrication of dual function disposable substrates for spectroelectrochemical nanosensing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Adsorption of p-nitrophenol on organoclays
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2012
Size distribution and new particle formation in subtropical eastern Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/EN08058
Abstract: Environmental context. Atmospheric submicrometre particles have a significant impact on human health, visibility impairment, acid deposition and global climate. This study aims to understand the size distribution of submicrometre particles and new particle formation in eastern Australia and the results indicate that photochemical reactions of airborne pollutants are the main mechanism of new particle formation. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the effects of aerosols on climate and the reduction of submicrometre particles in the atmosphere. Abstract. An intensive measurement c aign of particle concentrations, nitrogen oxides and meteorological parameters was conducted at a rural site in subtropical eastern Australia during September 2006. The aim of this work was to develop an understanding of the formation and growth processes of atmospheric aerosols, and the size distributions under various meteorological conditions. In order to achieve this, the origins of air arriving at the site were explored using back trajectories cluster analysis and the diurnal patterns of particle number concentration and size distribution for the classified air masses were investigated. The study showed that the photochemical formation of nucleation mode particles and their consequent growth was often observed. Furthermore, the nucleation mode usually dominated the size distribution and concentration of the photochemical event in the first 3–4 h with a geometric mean diameter of 26.9 nm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.28. The average particle growth rate was estimated to be 1.6 nm h–1, which is lower than that observed at urban sites, but comparable to the values reported in clean environments. The potential precursors of the photochemical events are also discussed.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some Organotin(IV) Carboxylates
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1155/MBD.1998.233
Abstract: Six diorganotin(IV) carboxylates prepared by reacting diorganotin(IV) dichlorides with the respective silver carboxylate have been tested for antifungal activity against Aspergillus. niger, Aspergilluus flavus and Pencillium. citrinum in Sabourand dextrose broth. The compounds generally exhibit greater fungitoxicity than the diorganotin(IV) dichlorides and the carboxylic acids from which they were synthesized. In keeping with the generally accepted notion that the organotin moiety plays an important role in deciding the antifungal activity of an organotin compound, the diphenyltin(IV) compounds were more active than their di-n-butyltin(IV) analogues. However, the order of increasing fungitoxicity of the compounds parallels that of the uncomplexed carboxylic acids. The implications of the results are discussed.
Oxidation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine triacetate by tris(polypyridy)iron(III) complexes and the dodecatungstocobaltate(III) ion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00136607
Simultaneous adsorption of Cd(ii ) and phosphate on Al13 pillared montmorillonite
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA15744G
Abstract: Al 13 pillared montmorillonites (AlPMts) prepared with different Al/clay ratios were used to remove Cd( ii ) and phosphate from aqueous solution.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of iodide by diaquote- trakis(2,2′-bipyridine)-μ-oxodiruthenium(III) ion in acid medium
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF03325418
Long-term assessment of efficacy of permeable pond covers for odour reduction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2007.11.058
Abstract: Three anaerobic ponds used to store and treat piggery wastes were fully covered with permeable materials manufactured from polypropylene geofabric, polyethylene shade cloth and supported straw. The covers were assessed in terms of efficacy in reducing odour emission rates over a 40-month period. Odour s les were collected from the surface of the covers, the surface of the exposed liquor and from the surface of an uncovered (control) pond at one of the piggeries. Relative to the emission rate of the exposed liquor at each pond, the polypropylene, shade cloth and straw covers reduced average emission rates by 76%, 69% and 66%, respectively. At the piggery with an uncovered control pond, the polypropylene covers reduced average odour emission rates by 50% and 41%, respectively. A plausible hypothesis, consistent with likely mechanisms for the odour reduction and the olfactometric method used to quantifying the efficacy of the covers, is offered.
Electron transfer at tetrahedral cobalt(II). Part II‡. Kinetics of silver(I) ion catalysed reduction of peroxodisulphate
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF03325414
Thermogravimetric analysis of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified beidellites
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2015
Naphthalene Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole: A New Functional Dye Based Optical Sensors for Monitoring Cyanide Ions in Water
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-06-2021
Abstract: Cyanide (CN − ) is one of the most hazardous ions to humans and the environment. Therefore, sensitive, and selective sensors for CN − monitoring are highly required. A novel chemosensor based on naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole dye (TBC‐DPPN) is synthesized for the direct detection of CN − in water s les by naked eye and vibrational spectroscopy (UV–Vis and fluorescence). The electron deficient carbonyl group of the lactam ring of TBC‐DPPN undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the CN − thus causing the yellow color of the dye turn to colorless, and fluorescence of the dye at 527 nm to turn‐off. The mechanism of CN − sensing by the TBC‐DPPN sensor is confirmed by spectral measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The TBC‐DPPN sensor is utilized to determine the CN − by colorimetric and fluorescence methods in water down to 0.5 and 0.05 µ m , respectively, which is well below the cut off limit of 1.9 µ m that is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, TBC‐DPPN can act as dual channel sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of CN − in water.
Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new conjugated building block with hexyl or octyl alkyl side chains for electropolymerization studies and its biosensor applications
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9PY00430K
Abstract: Naphthalene flanked DPP with hexyl and octyl chain based electropolymerized conjugated polymers exhibits bio-sensing.
Elemental composition of ambient fine particles in urban schools: Sources of children’s exposure
Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research
Date: 2014
Application of Multicriteria Decision Making Methods to Compression Ignition Engine Efficiency and Gaseous, Particulate, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-02-2013
DOI: 10.1021/ES3035208
Abstract: Compression ignition (CI) engine design is subject to many constraints, which present a multicriteria optimization problem that the engine researcher must solve. In particular, the modern CI engine must not only be efficient but must also deliver low gaseous, particulate, and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions so that its impact on urban air quality, human health, and global warming is minimized. Consequently, this study undertakes a multicriteria analysis, which seeks to identify alternative fuels, injection technologies, and combustion strategies that could potentially satisfy these CI engine design constraints. Three data sets are analyzed with the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations and Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (PROMETHEE-GAIA) algorithm to explore the impact of (1) an ethanol fumigation system, (2) alternative fuels (20% biodiesel and synthetic diesel) and alternative injection technologies (mechanical direct injection and common rail injection), and (3) various biodiesel fuels made from 3 feedstocks (i.e., soy, tallow, and canola) tested at several blend percentages (20-100%) on the resulting emissions and efficiency profile of the various test engines. The results show that moderate ethanol substitutions (~20% by energy) at moderate load, high percentage soy blends (60-100%), and alternative fuels (biodiesel and synthetic diesel) provide an efficiency and emissions profile that yields the most "preferred" solutions to this multicriteria engine design problem. Further research is, however, required to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) emissions with alternative fuels and to deliver technologies that do not significantly reduce the median diameter of particle emissions.
Erratum to “A comparative study of the elemental composition of the exhaust emissions of cars powered by liquefied petroleum gas and unleaded petrol” [Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 3111–3122]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Analysis of organic aerosols collected on filters by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for source identification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2013.07.013
Abstract: Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) are powerful tools in the analysis of the chemical composition of airborne particles, particularly organic aerosols which are gaining increasing attention. However, the advantages of AMS in providing on-line data can be outweighed by the difficulties involved in its use in field measurements at multiple sites. In contrast to the on-line measurement by AMS, a method which involves s le collection on filters followed by subsequent analysis by AMS could significantly broaden the scope of AMS application. We report the application of such an approach to field studies at multiple sites. An AMS was deployed at 5 urban schools to determine the sources of the organic aerosols at the schools directly. PM1 aerosols were also collected on filters at these and 20 other urban schools. The filters were extracted with water and the extract run through a nebulizer to generate the aerosols, which were analyzed by an AMS. The mass spectra from the s les collected on filters at the 5 schools were found to have excellent correlations with those obtained directly by AMS, with r(2) ranging from 0.89 to 0.98. Filter recoveries varied between the schools from 40 to 115%, possibly indicating that this method provides qualitative rather than quantitative information. The stability of the organic aerosols on Teflon filters was demonstrated by analysing s les stored for up to two years. Application of the procedure to the remaining 20 schools showed that secondary organic aerosols were the main source of aerosols at the majority of the schools. Overall, this procedure provides accurate representation of the mass spectra of ambient organic aerosols and could facilitate rapid data acquisition at multiple sites where AMS could not be deployed for logistical reasons.
Stichtite: a review
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1180/CLAYMIN.2013.048.4.10
Abstract: Stichtite is a naturally occurring layered double hydroxide (LDH) with the ideal chemical formula Mg 6 Cr 2 CO 3 (OH) 16 .4H 2 O. It has received less attention in the literature than other LDHs and is often described as a rare mineral however, abundant deposits of the mineral do exist. In this article we aim to review a number of significant publications concerning the mineral stichtite, including papers covering the discovery, geological origin, synthesis and characterizsation of stichtite. Characterization techniques reviewed include powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), thermogravimetry (TG) and electron microprobe analysis.
Geochemical behavior assessment and apportionment of heavy metal contaminants in the bottom sediments of lower reach of Changjiang River
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Optimized simultaneous pressurized fluid extraction and in-cell clean-up, and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitro-, carbonyl-, hydroxy -PAHs in solid particles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of glutathione by 12-tungstocobaltoate(III) in aqueous solutions. A preliminary report
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1983
Lucullus (185)
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2021
Application of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model in comprehensive human health risk assessment of PAHs, and alkyl-, nitro-, carbonyl-, and hydroxyl-PAHs laden in urban road dust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.121154
Abstract: The carcinogenic human health risks (CHHR) posed by the exposure to PAHs and transformed PAH products (TPPs) are currently inconclusive due to the lack of toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for most TPPs although some of these pollutants are more potent carcinogens. The applicability of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model in predicting TEF of PAHs and TPPs to holistically evaluate the CHHR posed by the exposure to these pollutants in road dust from Gold Coast, Australia was examined. Statistical evaluation via ten metrics shows that partial least-squares regression (PLSR1) model has more statistical power in predicting TEF than multiple linear regression (MLR) within relevant applicability domain. For instance, the predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) and standard deviation of error of prediction (SDEP) for PLSR is closer to zero than that of MLR. The total cancer risk estimated using the QSAR model derived TEFs and original TEFs for outliers gives a more holistic incremental lifetime cancer risk in relation to children and adults. Potential cancer risk exists for adults with this approach whereas reliance on only the originally available TEFs lead to a negligible risk diagnosis. The application of QSAR model in assessing CHHR due to PAHs and TPPs exposures is very viable.
The biography and influence of Fulvia
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-06-2022
Optimization of in-cell accelerated solvent extraction technique for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in river sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2015.12.049
Abstract: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with adverse impacts on aquatic biota, wildlife and human health even at low concentrations. However, conventional methods for their determination in river sediments are resource intensive. This paper presents an approach that is rapid and also reliable for the detection of OCPs. Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) with in-cell silica gel clean-up followed by Triple Quadrupole Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (GCMS/MS) was used to recover OCPs from sediment s les. Variables such as temperature, solvent ratio, adsorbent mass and extraction cycle were evaluated and optimized for the extraction. With the exception of Aldrin, which was unaffected by any of the variables evaluated, the recovery of OCPs from sediment s les was largely influenced by solvent ratio and adsorbent mass and, to some extent, the number of cycles and temperature. The optimized conditions for OCPs extraction in sediment with good recoveries were determined to be 4 cycles, 4.5 g of silica gel, 105 °C, and 4:3 v/v DCM: hexane mixture. With the exception of two compounds (α-BHC and Aldrin) whose recoveries were low (59.73 and 47.66% respectively), the recovery of the other pesticides were in the range 85.35-117.97% with precision <10% RSD. The method developed significantly reduces s le preparation time, the amount of solvent used, matrix interference, and is highly sensitive and selective.
Application of Multicriteria Decision Making Methods to Air Quality in the Microenvironments of Residential Houses in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-04-2004
DOI: 10.1021/ES0304695
Abstract: This paper reports the first application of the multicriteria decision making methods, PROMETHEE and GAIA, to indoor and outdoor air quality data. Fourteen residential houses in a suburb of Brisbane, Australia were investigated for 21 air quality-influencing criteria, which included the characteristics of the houses as well as the concentrations of volatile organic compounds, fungi, bacteria, submicrometer, and supermicrometer particles in their indoor and outdoor air s les. Ranking information necessary to select one house in preference to all others and to assess the parameters influencing the differentiation of the houses was found with the aid of PROMETHEE and GAIA. There was no correlation between the rank order of each house and the health complaints of its occupants. Patterns in GAIA plots show that indoor air quality in these houses is strongly dependent on the characteristics of the houses (construction material, distance of the house from a major road, and the presence of an in-built garage). Marked similarities were observed in the patterns obtained when GAIA and factor analysis were applied to the data. This underscores the potential of PROMETHEE and GAIA to provide information that can assist source apportionment and elucidation of effective remedial measures for indoor air pollution.
Distribution and variation of metals in urban river sediments in response to microplastics presence, catchment characteristics and sediment properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.159139
Abstract: Despite well documented studies on metal pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, knowledge on the combined effects of catchment characteristics, sediment properties, and emerging pollutants, such as microplastics (MPs) on the presence of metals in urban river sediments is still limited. In this study, the synergistic influence of MPs type and hazard indices, catchment characteristics and sediment properties on the variability of metals present in sediments was investigated based on a typical urban river, Brisbane River, Australia. It was noted that the mean concentrations of metals in Brisbane River decreases in the order of Al (94,142 ± 12,194 μg/g) > Fe (62,970 ± 8104 μg/g) > Mn (746 ± 258 μg/g) > Zn (196 ± 29 μg/g) > Cu (50 ± 19 μg/g) > Pb (47 ± 25 μg/g) > Ni (25 ± 3 μg/g) while the variability of metals decreases in the order of Pb > Cu > Mn > Al > Ni > Zn > Fe along the river. According to enrichment factor (Ef) contamination categories, Mn, Cu and Zn exert a moderate level of contamination (Ef > 2), while Fe, Ni, and Zn show slight sediment pollution (1 <Ef 3) was found at s ling locations having a high urbanisation level and traffic related activities. Crustal metal elements (namely, Al, Fe, Mn) were found to be statistically significantly correlated with sediment properties (P < 0.05). Anthropogenic source metals (namely, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were observed to be highly correlated with catchment characteristics. Additionally, the presence of metals in sediments were positively correlated with MPs concentration, and negatively correlated with MPs hazard indices. The outcomes of this study provide new insights for understanding the relationships among metals and various influential factors in the context of urban river sediment pollution, which will benefit the formulation of risk assessment and regulatory measures for protecting urban waterways.
Anchimeric assistance by and migration of the vinyl group in reactions of sterically hindered organosilicon compounds of the type (Me3Si)2C(SiMe2CHCH2)(SiR
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1039/P29870001047
Analysis of build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics on urban roads in gold coast, Australia
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2011.151
Abstract: Urban water quality can be significantly impaired by the build-up of pollutants such as heavy metals and volatile organics on urban road surfaces due to vehicular traffic. Any control strategy for the mitigation of traffic related build-up of heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants should be based on the knowledge of their build-up processes. In the study discussed in this paper, the outcomes of a detailed experimental investigation into build-up processes of heavy metals and volatile organics are presented. It was found that traffic parameters such as average daily traffic, volume over capacity ratio and surface texture depth had similar strong correlations with the build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics. Multicriteria decision analyses revealed that that the 1–74 μm particulate fraction of total suspended solids (TSS) could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate heavy metals in build-up and this same fraction of total organic carbon could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate volatile organics build-up. In terms of pollutants affinity, TSS was found to be the predominant parameter for particulate heavy metals build-up and total dissolved solids was found to be the predominant parameter for the potential dissolved particulate fraction in heavy metals buildup. It was also found that land use did not play a significant role in the build-up of traffic generated heavy metals and volatile organics.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate minerals phosphuranylite and yingjiangite
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1868
Physicochemical Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Compression Ignition Engine Employing Two Injection Technologies and Three Fuels
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-05-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES200388F
Abstract: Alternative fuels and injection technologies are a necessary component of particulate emission reduction strategies for compression ignition engines. Consequently, this study undertakes a physicochemical characterization of diesel particulate matter (DPM) for engines equipped with alternative injection technologies (direct injection and common rail) and alternative fuels (ultra low sulfur diesel, a 20% biodiesel blend, and a synthetic diesel). Particle physical properties were addressed by measuring particle number size distributions, and particle chemical properties were addressed by measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Particle volatility was determined by passing the polydisperse size distribution through a thermodenuder set to 300 °C. The results from this study, conducted over a four point test cycle, showed that both fuel type and injection technology have an impact on particle emissions, but injection technology was the more important factor. Significant particle number emission (54%-84%) reductions were achieved at half load operation (1% increase-43% decrease at full load) with the common rail injection system however, the particles had a significantly higher PAH fraction (by a factor of 2 to 4) and ROS concentrations (by a factor of 6 to 16) both expressed on a test-cycle averaged basis. The results of this study have significant implications for the health effects of DPM emissions from both direct injection and common rail engines utilizing various alternative fuels.
Oxidation of ethylenediaminetetraacetate by tris(diimine) iron(III) complexes and the dodecatungstocobaltate(III) ion: a comparative kinetic and mechanistic study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00161877
Multivariate linear regression model for source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals from different environmental media
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2018.09.049
Abstract: The study evaluated source apportionment of heavy metals in vegetable s les from the potential sources of fertilizer, water and soil s les collected along the Changjiang River delta in China. The results showed that 25.72% of vegetable s les (Brassica chinensis L.) containing Pb, and Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn at relatively serious levels were from soil. Combined with principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), the results of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in different environmental media indicated that fertilizer, water and soil were the main sources of heavy metals in vegetables. The results of multivariate linear regression (MLR) using partition indexes (P) showed that fertilizer contributed to 38.5%, 40.56%, 46.01%, 53.34% and 65.25% of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents in vegetables, respectively. In contrast, 44.58% of As, 32.57% of Hg and 32.83% of Pb in vegetables came from soil and 42.78% of Cd and 66.97% of Hg contents in vegetables came from the irrigation water. The results of PCA and CA verified that MLR using P was suitable for determining source apportionment in a vegetable. A health risk assessment was performed As, Cd and Pb contributed to more than 75% of the total hazard quotient (THQ) values and total carcinogenic risk values (Risk
Prediction model of the buildup of volatile organic compounds on urban roads
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-04-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES200307X
Abstract: A model to predict the buildup of mainly traffic-generated volatile organic compounds or VOCs (toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene) on urban road surfaces is presented. The model required three traffic parameters, namely average daily traffic (ADT), volume to capacity ratio (V/C), and surface texture depth (STD), and two chemical parameters, namely total suspended solid (TSS) and total organic carbon (TOC), as predictor variables. Principal component analysis and two phase factor analysis were performed to characterize the model calibration parameters. Traffic congestion was found to be the underlying cause of traffic-related VOC buildup on urban roads. The model calibration was optimized using orthogonal experimental design. Partial least squares regression was used for model prediction. It was found that a better optimized orthogonal design could be achieved by including the latent factors of the data matrix into the design. The model performed fairly accurately for three different land uses as well as five different particle size fractions. The relative prediction errors were 10-40% for the different size fractions and 28-40% for the different land uses while the coefficients of variation of the predicted intersite VOC concentrations were in the range of 25-45% for the different size fractions. Considering the sizes of the data matrices, these coefficients of variation were within the acceptable interlaboratory range for analytes at ppb concentration levels.
Influence of Diesel Fuel Sulfur on Nanoparticle Emissions from City Buses
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-01-2006
DOI: 10.1021/ES050094I
Abstract: Particle emissions from twelve buses, operating alternately on low sulfur (LS 500 ppm) and ultralow sulfur (ULS 50 ppm) diesel fuel, were monitored. The buses were 1-19 years old and had no after-treatment devices fitted. Measurements were carried out at four steady-state operational modes on a chassis dynamometer using a mini dilution tunnel (PM mass measurement) and a Dekati ejector diluter as a secondary diluter (SMPS particle number). The mean particle number emission rate (s(-1)) of the buses, in the size range 8-400 nm, using ULS diesel was 31% to 59% lower than the rate using LS diesel in all four modes. The fractional reduction was highest in the newest buses and decreased with mileage upto about 500,000 km, after which no further decrease was apparent. However, the mean total suspended particle (TSP) mass emission rate did not show a systematic difference between the two fuel types. When the fuel was changed from LS to ULS diesel, the reduction in particle number was mainly in the nanoparticle size range. Over all operational modes, 58% of the particles were smaller than 50 nm with LS fuel as opposed to just 45% with ULS fuel, suggesting that sulfur in diesel fuel was playing a major role in the formation of nanoparticles. The greatest influence of the fuel sulfur content was observed at the highest engine load, where 74% of the particles were smaller than 50 nm with LS diesel compared to 43% with ULS diesel.
Comparison of partial extraction reagents for assessing potential bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2016.03.029
Abstract: Assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in sediments is complex because of the number of partial extraction methods available for the assessment and the general lack of certified reference materials. This study evaluates five different extraction methodologies to ascertain the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method. The results are then compared to previously published work to ascertain the most effective partial extraction technique, which was established to dilute (0.75-1M) nitric acid solutions. These results imply that single reagent weak acid extractions provide a better assessment of potentially bioavailable metals than the chelating agents used in sequential extraction methods.
Influence of physicochemical properties of road dust on the build-up of hydrocarbons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.133812
Abstract: Understanding the factors influencing the build-up behaviour of different pollutants accumulated on urban roads is essential for the implementation of effective stormwater pollution mitigation strategies. Even though a significant knowledge base exists on different factors influencing hydrocarbon build-up, there is a dearth of evidence on how physicochemical properties of road dust influence hydrocarbon build-up. Accordingly, this study investigated the relationships between physicochemical properties of road dust and hydrocarbons associated with different particle size fractions of road dust. Hydrocarbons with different sources of origin in all size fractions showed a significant correlation with different soil constituents of road dust, predominantly with organic matter, amorphous matter, clay minerals and clay forming minerals of feldspars. However, the physicochemical properties influencing the hydrocarbon build-up is different among different particle size fractions. The interactions identified between hydrocarbon compounds and different minerals associated with road dust will contribute to the development of effective stormwater pollution mitigation strategies.
Investigation into chemistry of new particle formation and growth in subtropical urban environment
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-11-2014
DOI: 10.5194/ACPD-14-27945-2014
Abstract: Abstract. The role of different chemical compounds, particularly organics, involved in the new particle formation (NPF) and its consequent growth are not fully understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the chemistry of aerosol particles during NPF events in an urban subtropical environment. Aerosol chemical composition was measured along with particle number size distribution (PNSD) and several other air quality parameters at five sites across an urban subtropical environment. An Aerodyne compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (c-TOF-AMS) and a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) measured aerosol chemical composition and PNSD, respectively. Five NPF events, with growth rates in the range 3.3–4.6 nm, were detected at two sites. The NPF events happened on relatively warmer days with lower humidity and higher solar radiation. Temporal percent fractions of nitrate, sulphate, ammonium and organics were modelled using the Generalised Additive Model (GAM), with a basis of penalised spline. Percent fractions of organics increased after the NPF events, while the mass fraction of ammonium and sulphate decreased. This uncovered the important role of organics in the growth of newly formed particles. Three organic markers, factors f43, f44 and f57, were calculated and the f44 vs. f43 trends were compared between nucleation and non-nucleation days. f44 vs. f43 followed a different pattern on nucleation days compared to non-nucleation days, whereby f43 decreased for vehicle emission generated particles, while both f44 and f43 decreased for NPF generated particles. It was found for the first time that vehicle generated and newly formed particles cluster in different locations on f44 vs. f43 plot and this finding can be used as a~tool for source apportionment of measured particles.
Electron transfer at tetrahedral cobalt(II), part IV: kinetics of silver(I) catalysed chlorate reduction
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00207945
Traffic and climate change impacts on water quality : measuring build-up and wash-off of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.CH716
Abstract: Understanding the impacts of traffic and climate change on water quality helps decision makers to develop better policy and plans for dealing with unsustainable urban and transport development. This chapter presents detailed methodologies developed for s le collection and testing for heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons, as part of a research study to investigate the impacts of climate change and changes to urban traffic characteristics on pollutant build-up and wash-off from urban road surfaces. Cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, iron, aluminium, manganese and zinc were the target heavy metals, and selected gasoline and diesel range organics were the target total petroleum hydrocarbons for this study. The study sites were selected to encompass the urban traffic characteristics of the Gold Coast region, Australia. An improved s le collection method referred to as ‘the wet and dry vacuum system’ for the pollutant build-up, and an effective wash-off plan to incorporate predicted changes to rainfall characteristics due to climate change, were implemented. The novel approach to s le collection for pollutant build-up helped to maintain the integrity of collection efficiency. The wash-off plan helped to incorporate the predicted impacts of climate change in the Gold Coast region. The robust experimental methods developed will help in field s le collection and chemical testing of different stormwater pollutants in build-up and wash-off.& nbsp
Abundance, distribution patterns, and identification of microplastics in Brisbane River sediments, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.134467
Abstract: Plastic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems have received wide attention and research endeavours since early 1970s. However, in comparison to marine environments, the occurrence of microplastics in a tidal river system remains largely unknown, especially in river sediments. Sediment s les taken from twenty-two s ling points along Brisbane River over the four different seasons revealed relatively high concentrations of microplastics in river sediments, with abundance ranging from 0.18 to 129.20 mg kg
Separation and determination of selenium(IV) and molybdenum(VI) in mixtures by selective precipitation with potassium thiocarbonate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1988
DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(88)80116-4
Abstract: A simple method for the separation and determination of selenium(IV) and molybdenum(VI) in mixtures, based on selective precipitation with potassium thiocarbonate, has been developed. The procedure allows quantitative determination of 10-100 mg of selenium or 10-70 mg of molybdenum at pH 0.5-1.0. No interference by a wide range of other metal ions is observed.
Performance Evaluation of the UVAPS in Measuring Biological Aerosols: Fluorescence Spectra from NAD(P)H Coenzymes and Riboflavin
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2004
Thermal stability of organoclays with mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2011
Physicochemical Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Compression Ignition Engine: The Influence of Biodiesel Feedstock
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-11-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES2018797
Abstract: This study undertook a physicochemical characterization of particle emissions from a single compression ignition engine operated at one test mode with 3 biodiesel fuels made from 3 different feedstocks (i.e., soy, tallow, and canola) at 4 different blend percentages (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) to gain insights into their particle-related health effects. Particle physical properties were inferred by measuring particle number size distributions both with and without heating within a thermodenuder (TD) and also by measuring particulate matter (PM) emission factors with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM(10)). The chemical properties of particulates were investigated by measuring particle and vapor phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and also Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) concentrations. The particle number size distributions showed strong dependency on feedstock and blend percentage with some fuel types showing increased particle number emissions, while others showed particle number reductions. In addition, the median particle diameter decreased as the blend percentage was increased. Particle and vapor phase PAHs were generally reduced with biodiesel, with the results being relatively independent of the blend percentage. The ROS concentrations increased monotonically with biodiesel blend percentage but did not exhibit strong feedstock variability. Furthermore, the ROS concentrations correlated quite well with the organic volume percentage of particles - a quantity which increased with increasing blend percentage. At higher blend percentages, the particle surface area was significantly reduced, but the particles were internally mixed with a greater organic volume percentage (containing ROS) which has implications for using surface area as a regulatory metric for diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions.
Ultrafine Particles in Indoor Air of a School: Possible Role of Secondary Organic Aerosols
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-11-2009
DOI: 10.1021/ES902471A
Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate ultrafine particles (<0.1 microm) in primary school classrooms, in relation to the classroom activities. The investigations were conducted in three classrooms during two measuring c aigns, which together encompassed a period of 60 days. Initial investigations showed that under the normal operating conditions of the school there were many occasions in all three classrooms where indoor particle concentrations increased significantly compared to outdoor levels. By far the highest increases in the classroom resulted from art activities (painting, gluing, and drawing), at times reaching over 1.4 x 10(5) particle cm(-3). The indoor particle concentrations exceeded outdoor concentrations by approximately 1 order of magnitude, with a count median diameter ranging from 20 to 50 nm. Significant increases also occurred during cleaning activities, when detergents were used. GC-MS analysis conducted on 4 s les randomly selected from about 30 different paints and glues, as well as the detergent used in the school, showed that d-limonene was one of the main organic compounds of the detergent, however, it was not detected in the s les of the paints and the glue. Controlled experiments showed that this monoterpene, emitted from the detergent, reacted with O(3) (at outdoor ambient concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 0.08 ppm) and formed secondary organic aerosols. Further investigations to identify other liquids that may be potential sources of the precursors of secondary organic aerosols were outside the scope of this project, however, it is expected that the problem identified by this study could be more widely spread, since most primary schools use liquid materials for art classes, and all schools use detergents for cleaning. Further studies are therefore recommended to better understand this phenomenon and also to minimize exposure of school children to ultrafine particles from these indoor sources.
A Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate mineral bergenite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2006.04.036
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy at 298 and 77 K of bergenite has been used to characterise this uranyl phosphate mineral. Bands at 995, 971 and 961 cm-1 (298 K) and 1006, 996, 971, 960 and 948 cm-1 (77K) are assigned to the nu1(PO4)3- symmetric stretching vibration. Three bands at 1059, 1107 and 1152 cm-1 (298 K) and 1061, 1114 and 1164 cm-1 (77 K) are attributed to the nu3(PO4)3- antisymmetric stretching vibrations. Two bands at 810 and 798 cm-1 (298 K) and 812 and 800 cm-1 (77 K) are attributed to the nu1 symmetric stretching vibration of the (UO2)2+ units. Bands at 860 cm-1 (298 K) and 866 cm-1 (77 K) are assigned to the nu3 antisymmetric stretching vibrations of the (UO2)2+ units. UO bond lengths in uranyls, calculated using the wavenumbers of the nu1 and nu3(UO2)2+ vibrations with empirical relations by Bartlett and Cooney, are in agreement with the X-ray single crystal structure data. Bands at (444, 432, 408 cm-1) (298 K), and (446, 434, 410 and 393 cm-1) (77 K) are assigned to the split doubly degenerate nu2(PO4)3- in-plane bending vibrations. The band at 547 cm-1 (298 K) and 549 cm-1 (77 K) are attributed to the nu4(PO4)3- out-of-plane bending vibrations. Raman bands at 3607, 3459, 3295 and 2944 cm-1 are attributed to water stretching vibrations and enable the calculation of hydrogen bond distances of >3.2, 2.847, 2.740 and 2.637 A. These bands prove the presence of structurally nonequivalent hydrogen bonded water molecules in the structure of bergenite.
Assessment of ecological and human health risks of metals in urban road dust based on geochemical fractionation and potential bioavailability
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.04.098
Abstract: Metals are one of the primary pollutants in the urban environment that pose adverse ecological and human health impacts. Therefore, the accurate quantification of the risk posed by metals is essential for developing effective risk management strategies to safeguard the urban environment. This study assessed the ecological and human health risks of six metals, commonly present in road dust by improving the original risk indices based on their potential bioavailability characteristics. The bioavailability of metals was determined by considering their distribution between the different geochemical phases of exchangeable, reducible, oxidisable and residual. The results of the modified risk analysis indicated that the road dust poses a low ecological risk in most of the study sites. According to the present situation, the non-cancer risk of in idual metals for both, children and adults followed the decreasing trend of Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cd. This study also found that depending on the particle size ranges, the potential of multiple metals being able to cause non-cancer health risk was low at most study sites. In terms of cancer health risk, Cr present at most of the study sites was found to be within the cancer threshold limit, even though the Cr content and the bioavailable fractions were relatively low.
Insights into the growth of newly formed particles in a subtropical urban environment
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 07-12-2015
DOI: 10.5194/ACP-15-13475-2015
Abstract: Abstract. The role of different chemical compounds, particularly organics, involved in the new particle formation (NPF) and its consequent growth are not fully understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of aerosol particles during NPF events in an urban subtropical environment. Aerosol chemical composition was measured along with particle number size distribution (PNSD) and several other air quality parameters at five sites across an urban subtropical environment. An Aerodyne compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (c-ToF-AMS) and a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) measured aerosol chemical composition (particles above 50 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter) and PNSD (particles within 9–414 nm in mobility diameter), respectively. Five NPF events, with growth rates in the range 3.3–4.6 nm, were detected at two of the sites. The NPF events happened on relatively warmer days with lower condensation sink (CS). Temporal percent fractions of organics increased after the particles grew enough to have a significant contribution to particle volume, while the mass fraction of ammonium and sulfate decreased. This uncovered the important role of organics in the growth of newly formed particles. Three organic markers, factors f43, f44 and f57, were calculated and the f44 vs. f43 trends were compared between nucleation and non-nucleation days. K-means cluster analysis was performed on f44 vs. f43 data and it was found that they follow different patterns on nucleation days compared to non-nucleation days, whereby f43 decreased for vehicle-emission-generated particles, while both f44 and f43 decreased for NPF-generated particles. It was found for the first time that vehicle-generated and newly formed particles cluster in different locations on f44 vs. f43 plot, and this finding can be potentially used as a tool for source apportionment of measured particles.
Gold nanomaterials for the selective capturing and SERS diagnosis of toxins in aqueous and biological fluids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2017.01.032
Abstract: A highly sensitive nanosensing method for the combined selective capture and SERS detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in blood plasma has been developed. The new method utilizes gold coated magnetic nanoparticles that are functionalized with anti MC-LR antibody Fab' fragments for the selective capture of MC-LR from aqueous media and blood plasma. Using an oriented immobilization approach, the Fab' fragments are covalently attached to gold surface to form a monolayer with high capture efficiency towards the toxin. After the selective capture, the purified MC-LR molecules were released from the extractor nanoparticles within 5min by manipulating the pH environment of the nanoparticles. The regenerated extractor nanoparticles maintained their capture efficiency and, therefore, were re-used to capture of MC-LR from successive s les. The released purified toxin was screened within 10min on gold coated silicon nanopillars and a new paper-based SERS substrate by handheld Raman spectrometer. The SERS enhancement factors of the nanopillars and the new paper-based substrate were 2.5×10
Kinetics and mechanism of the reduction of diaquatetrakis (2,2?-bipyridine)-?-oxo diruthenium(III) by ascorbic acid
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00135398
Molecular recognition of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by 6-aminohexanethiol and surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Electron transfer at tetrahedral cobalt(II), Part III: kinetics of copper(II) ion catalysed reduction of periodate
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF02910723
Human health risks of heavy metals in paddy rice based on transfer characteristics of heavy metals from soil to rice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Taxonomy of factors which influence heavy metal build-up on urban road surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.02.026
Abstract: Heavy metals build-up on urban road surfaces is a complex process and influenced by a erse range of factors. Although numerous research studies have been conducted in the area of heavy metals build-up, limited research has been undertaken to rank these factors in terms of their influence on the build-up process. This results in limitations in the identification of the most critical factor/s for accurately estimating heavy metal loads and for designing effective stormwater treatment measures. The research study undertook an in-depth analysis of the factors which influence heavy metals build-up based on data generated from a number of different geographical locations around the world. Traffic volume was found to be the highest ranked factor in terms of influencing heavy metals build-up while land use was ranked the second. Proximity to arterial roads, antecedent dry days and road surface roughness has a relatively lower ranking. Furthermore, the study outcomes advances the conceptual understanding of heavy metals build-up based on the finding that with increasing traffic volume, total heavy metal build-up load increases while the variability decreases. The outcomes from this research study are expected to contribute to more accurate estimation of heavy metals build-up loads leading to more effective stormwater treatment design.
Application of chemometrics to analysis of soil pollutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Development and characterization of meropenem dry powder inhaler formulation for pulmonary drug delivery
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Odour sampling 1: Physical chemistry considerations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2007.04.034
Abstract: The selection of an odour s ling device may influence the composition of the resulting odour s le. Limited comparison of emission rates derived from turbulent and essentially quiescent s ling devices confirms that the emission rates derived from these devices are quite different. There is therefore compelling evidence that current odour s ling practice should have greater regard for fundamental physical and chemical principles, the nature of the odour source and the conditions created by the s ling device. Such consideration may identify the most appropriate situations under which the use of these devices may or may not be correct.
Role of traffic in atmospheric accumulation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-015-4563-X
Abstract: Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a growing concern in most parts of the world, and numerous studies focussed on identifying contaminated sediments by using a range of digestion methods and pollution indices to estimate sediment contamination have been described in the literature. The current work provides a critical review of the more commonly used sediment digestion methods and identifies that weak acid digestion is more likely to provide guidance on elements that are likely to be bioavailable than other traditional methods of digestion. This work also reviews common pollution indices and identifies the Nemerow Pollution Index as the most appropriate method for establishing overall sediment quality. Consequently, a modified Pollution Index that can lead to a more reliable understanding of whole sediment quality is proposed. This modified pollution index is then tested against a number of existing studies and demonstrated to give a reliable and rapid estimate of sediment contamination and quality.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors which influence metal adsorption to road dust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.11.047
Abstract: The adsorption behaviour of metals deposited on road surfaces is a complex process and influenced by a range of factors common to the urban environment. However, all factors do not have the same level of importance. It is therefore important to identify the most crucial factors for accurate stormwater quality predictions and to implement effective stormwater pollution mitigation measures. Accordingly, this study investigated the extrinsic and intrinsic factors in terms of their degree of influence on the adsorption of in idual metal cations to particulates. The variability associated with the adsorption of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni to road dust was found to be influenced by changes to the antecedent dry days and land use characteristics. The initial dry days after a storm event exerts a significant influence on adsorption compared to the later dry days in all land uses. In terms of the intrinsic physico-chemical properties of road dust, the parameters that influence the adsorption process differ in terms of the type of metal cation and particle size fractions of solids. Based on the influential parameters identified, the bioavailability characteristics of Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni in <150μm size fraction of road dust and potential stormwater quality impacts can be highlighted.
Nutrients and metals interactions between water and sediment phases: An urban river case study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2019.05.018
Abstract: The provision of water to meet the needs of an ever increasing urban population is a significant challenge. This is because urban receiving waters are constantly at risk from pollutant inputs via stormwater runoff and wastewater discharge. This research study employed multiple approaches including principal component analysis, Bayesian Networks (BNs) modelling and geospatial analysis to identify patterns in the distributions of nutrients and metals in water and sediments in an urban river and the interactions between the two phases. In both, water and sediments, nutrient concentrations/loads varied in the order of total carbon (TC) > total nitrogen (TN) > total phosphorus (TP). The river sediments were found to contain the highest crustal metal loads, while in water, the marine-related metals had the highest concentrations. The BNs modelling of pollutant interactions between water and sediment phases indicated that nitrogen is more likely to be transferred from water to sediment than the opposite, while anthropogenic metals are more likely to be transferred from sediments to water. Further, geospatial analysis showed that TN, crustal metals and anthropogenic metal loads in sediments increased from upstream to downstream, while having a decreasing pattern in water. However, marine-related metals in both, water and sediments had increasing concentrations/loads from upstream to downstream. These spatial patterns are attributed to the interactions between water and sediment phases, sediment transport along the river and seawater intrusion in the estuarine area. The study outcomes are expected to contribute to enhancing the knowledge required for developing mitigation strategies to improve urban receiving water quality.
Synthesis of layered double hydroxides containing Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Al3+ layer cations by co-precipitation methods—A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
THE ANCESTRY of NERVA
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 13-07-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0009838815000105
Abstract: It will be noticed that, in the stemma above, no line of descent is marked from the first generation registered therein to the following generations. The genealogy of the Emperor Nerva is customarily traced back to the consul of 36 b.c., M. Cocceius Nerva (above, right). This short note will underline the ancient testimony found amongst the Pseudacroniana tracing his descent from the latter's brother, the consummate diplomat (above, left). There are ramifications. Amongst the items of interest will be the light shone upon what Dio and Eutropius (and/or their sources) understood to be Nerva's standing at the time of his accession. Before passing on to Pseudacron's datum, it might be worthwhile pausing on that point, as well as briefly contemplating the factors that actually bore upon the emperor's ancestral training.
Wronging Sempronia
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1017/ANN.2016.7
Abstract: In 133 BC, when Scipio Aemilianus heard of the violent death of his cousin and brother-in-law, Ti. Gracchus, he uttered a line from Homer: ‘Thus perish all who attempt such.’ In effect, this endorsed the lynching of Gracchus. At a deeper level, it cast Gracchus (in the Homeric context of that quotation) as the tyrant Aegisthus. It may also have suggested an image of moral turpitude, Aegisthus having debauched his cousin Agamemnon’s wife. By analogy (if intended), that would have suggested an adulterous union between Gracchus and his sister Sempronia. It is further suggested that gossip arising from this extraordinary insinuation might have prompted a special reading of the claims circa 102 BC of L. Equitius to be the bastard son of Gracchus.
Raman spectroscopy of uranyl rare earth carbonate kamotoite-(Y)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2005.12.004
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy at 298 and 77K has been used to study the mineral kamotoite-(Y), a uranyl rare earth carbonate mineral of formula Y(2)(UO(2))(4)(CO(3))(3)(OH)(8).10-11H(2)O. The mineral is characterised by two Raman bands at 1130.9 and 1124.6 cm(-1) assigned to the nu(1) symmetric stretching mode of the (CO(3))(2-) units, while those at 1170.4 and 862.3 cm(-1) (77K) to the deltaU-OH bending vibrations. The assignment of the two bands at 814.7 and 809.6 cm(-1) is difficult because of the potential overlap between the symmetric stretching modes of the (UO(2))(2+) units and the nu(2) bending modes of the (CO(3))(2-) units. Only a single band is observed in the 77K spectrum at 811.6 cm(-1). One possible assignment is that the band at 814.7 cm(-1) is attributable to the nu(1) symmetric stretching mode of the (UO(2))(2+) units and the second band at 809.6 cm(-1) is due to the nu(2) bending modes of the (CO(3))(2-) units. Bands observed at 584 and 547.3 cm(-1) are attributed to water librational modes. An intense band at 417.7 cm(-1) resolved into two components at 422.0 and 416.6 cm(-1) in the 77K spectrum is assigned to an Y(2)O(2) stretching vibration. Bands at 336.3, 286.4 and 231.6 cm(-1) are assigned to the nu(2) (UO(2))(2+) bending modes. U-O bond lengths in uranyl are calculated from the wavenumbers of the uranyl symmetric stretching vibrations. The presence of symmetrically distinct uranyl and carbonate units in the crystal structure of kamotoite-(Y) is assumed. Hydrogen-bonding network related to the presence of water molecules and hydroxyls is shortly discussed.
Water-sediment interactions and mobility of heavy metals in aquatic environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Microalgal species selection for biodiesel production based on fuel properties derived from fatty acid profiles
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-10-2013
DOI: 10.3390/EN6115676
Understanding the structure-property relationships in hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide hydrogels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Electron transfer at tetrahedral cobalt(II). Part V: kinetics of permanganate ion reduction
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00161892
Removal of bisphenol A from wastewater by Ca-montmorillonite modified with selected surfactants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Raman spectroscopic and SEM analysis of sodium‐zippeite
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2007
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1768
Prediction of the wash-off of traffic related semi- and non-volatile organic compounds from urban roads under climate change influenced rainfall characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2012.01.062
Abstract: Traffic generated semi- and non-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs and NVOCs) pose a serious threat to human and ecosystem health when washed off into receiving water bodies by stormwater. Climate change influenced rainfall characteristics makes the estimation of these pollutants in stormwater quite complex. The research study discussed in the paper developed a prediction framework for such pollutants under the dynamic influence of climate change on rainfall characteristics. It was established through principal component analysis (PCA) that the intensity and durations of low to moderate rain events induced by climate change mainly affect the wash-off of SVOCs and NVOCs from urban roads. The study outcomes were able to overcome the limitations of stringent laboratory preparation of calibration matrices by extracting uncorrelated underlying factors in the data matrices through systematic application of PCA and factor analysis (FA). Based on the initial findings from PCA and FA, the framework incorporated orthogonal rotatable central composite experimental design to set up calibration matrices and partial least square regression to identify significant variables in predicting the target SVOCs and NVOCs in four particulate fractions ranging from >300 to 1 μm and one dissolved fraction of 300-1 μm range, similar distributions of predicted and observed concentrations of the target compounds from minimum to 75th percentile were achieved. The inter-event coefficient of variations for particulate fractions of >300-1 μm was 5-25%. The limited solubility of the target compounds in stormwater restricted the predictive capacity of the proposed method for the dissolved fraction of <1 μm.
The geometry of SiOCN and SiNCO linkages. The crystal structures of (Me3Si)2(Ph2MeSi)CSiMe2OCN and (PhMe2Si)3CSiMe2NCO
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1995
In Situ Growth of Transition Metal Nanoparticles on Aluminosilicate Minerals for Oxygen Evolution
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2021
Abstract: Earth‐abundant and environmentally friendly aluminosilicate minerals can be one of the promising alternatives to develop cost‐effective energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, in situ growth of transition metal nanoparticles is proposed to modify two commonly available feldspar minerals, albite and microcline, for promoting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction activity via a one‐step thermal reduction strategy. Three types of transition metal nanoparticles, namely, Ni, Co, and Fe, are selected to modify the albite or microcline surfaces. As expected, these modified products deliver enhanced catalytic activities compared to the pristine minerals. Particularly, Co‐modified microcline (C‐KASO) demonstrates the best performance that even outperforms the commercial RuO 2 catalyst. This design by coupling low‐cost aluminosilicate minerals with active transition metal nanoparticles offers a new insight into directly utilizing the natural abundant resources to address the current energy crisis.
Chemical composition and nutritive value of retail white bread in Zaria, Nigeria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Characterisation of atmospheric deposited particles during a dust storm in urban areas of Eastern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.04.080
Abstract: The characteristics of dust particles deposited during the 2009 dust storm in the Gold Coast and Brisbane regions of Australia are discussed in this paper. The study outcomes provide important knowledge in relation to the potential impacts of dust storm related pollution on ecosystem health in the context that the frequency of dust storms is predicted to increase due to anthropogenic desert surface modifications and climate change impacts. The investigated dust storm contributed a large fraction of fine particles to the environment with an increased amount of total suspended solids, compared to dry deposition under ambient conditions. Although the dust storm passed over forested areas, the organic carbon content in the dust was relatively low. The primary metals present in the dust storm deposition were aluminium, iron and manganese, which are common soil minerals in Australia. The dust storm deposition did not contain significant loads of nickel, cadmium, copper and lead, which are commonly present in the urban environment. Furthermore, the comparison between the ambient and dust storm chromium and zinc loads suggested that these metals were contributed to the dust storm by local anthropogenic sources. The potential ecosystem health impacts of the 2009 dust storm include, increased fine solids deposition on ground surfaces resulting in an enhanced capacity to adsorb toxic pollutants as well as increased aluminium, iron and manganese loads. In contrast, the ecosystem health impacts related to organic carbon and other metals from dust storm atmospheric deposition are not considered to be significant.
Reduction of dodecatungstocobaltate(III) by aqueous solutions of hydrazinium ion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1990
Sources of hydrocarbons in urban road dust: Identification, quantification and prediction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.05.042
Abstract: Among urban stormwater pollutants, hydrocarbons are a significant environmental concern due to their toxicity and relatively stable chemical structure. This study focused on the identification of hydrocarbon contributing sources to urban road dust and approaches for the quantification of pollutant loads to enhance the design of source control measures. The study confirmed the validity of the use of mathematical techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for source identification and principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) receptor model for pollutant load quantification. Study outcomes identified non-combusted lubrication oils, non-combusted diesel fuels and tyre and asphalt wear as the three most critical urban hydrocarbon sources. The site specific variabilities of contributions from sources were replicated using three mathematical models. The models employed predictor variables of daily traffic volume (DTV), road surface texture depth (TD), slope of the road section (SLP), effective population (EPOP) and effective impervious fraction (EIF), which can be considered as the five governing parameters of pollutant generation, deposition and redistribution. Models were developed such that they can be applicable in determining hydrocarbon contributions from urban sites enabling effective design of source control measures.
A comparative study of electrochemical, optical properties and electropolymerization behavior of thiophene- and furan-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2017
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2017.26
The mechanism of the isomerization of organosilicon cyanates to isocyanates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Emissions from a vehicle fitted to operate on either petrol or compressed natural gas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-05-2004
Utilizing the thiol chemistry of biomolecules for the rapid determination of anti-TNF-α drug in blood
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2019.120411
Abstract: The detection of anti-TNF-α drugs require rapid, selective and sensitive biosensors that can be easily utilised at the point of care. Herein, we demonstrate a new biosensing approach that employs target-specific nanomaterial and label free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the selective extraction and rapid determination of Adalimumab (ADB) in human blood plasma. The new method utilises the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) for the fabrication of a target-specific nanomaterial for extraction of ADB. The method also uses the thiol chemistry of the purified antibody drug for its chemisorption onto a gold-coated copper oxide substrate. A handheld Raman spectrophotometer is used for the determination of ADB by label free SERS. The limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) of the purified and reduced drug by SERS were 0.10 fM and 0.03 fM respectively. ELISA was used for the cross validation of the SERS quantification of ADB where a 98.8% agreement was found between the two methods. Many proteins have disulfide bonds in their molecular structure. Therefore, the demonstrated biosensing approach can be extended for the rapid screening of other proteins and antibody drugs by developing target-specific extractor nanomaterial and utilizing the disulfide bond structure of the purified biomolecules for their label free SERS detection.
Molecular recognition and detection of Pb(II) ions in water by aminobenzo-18-crown-6 immobilised onto a nanostructured SERS substrate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Plasmonic switching of the reaction pathway: Visible-light irradiation varies the reactant concentration at the solid-solution interface of a gold-cobalt catalyst
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-06-2019
Abstract: Product selectivity of alkyne hydroamination over catalytic Au
Remediation of Cr (VI) by inorganic-organic clay
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2016.11.070
Abstract: Application of inorganic-organic clays (IOCs) for the remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and the effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) were investigated. IOCs were better adsorbents for the removal of Cr (VI) than organoclay. Solution pH significantly affected the surface charge of IOCs and speciation of Cr in the solution hence, the adsorption of Cr onto IOCs. Pseudo-second order model and Langmuir model were the best fit for the kinetics and equilibrium data, indicating chemisorption and formation of monolayer on homogenous adsorption sites, respectively. Cr (VI) adsorption by IOCs was driven by electrostatic interactions between positively charged IOC surfaces and HCrO
First measurements of source apportionment of organic aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2013.08.015
Abstract: An Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer was deployed at five urban schools to examine spatial and temporal variability of organic aerosols (OA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) used for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere to apportion the sources of the OA across an urban area. The sources identified included hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and oxygenated OA (OOA). At all sites, the main source was OOA, which accounted for 62-73% of the total OA mass and was generally more oxidized compared to those reported in the Northern Hemisphere. This suggests that there are differences in aging processes or regional sources in the two hemispheres. Unlike HOA and BBOA, OOA demonstrated instructive temporal variations but not spatial variation across the urban area. Application of cluster analysis to the PMF-derived sources offered a simple and effective method for qualitative comparison of PMF sources that can be used in other studies.
CHEMOMETRICS AND STATISTICS | Multicriteria Decision Making
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
XRD, TEM, and thermal analysis of Arizona Ca-montmorillonites modified with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.07.007
Abstract: An Arizona SAz-2 calcium montmorillonite was modified by a typical dialkyl cationic surfactant (didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, abbreviated to DDDMA) through direct ion exchange. The obtained organoclays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HR-TG), and infrared emission spectroscopy (IES). The intercalation of surfactants greatly increased the basal spacing of the interlayers and the conformation arrangement of the loaded surfactant were assessed based on the XRD and TEM measurements. This work shows that the dialkyl surfactant can be directly intercalated into the montmorillonite without first undergoing Na(+) exchange. Moreover, the thermal stability of organoclays and the different arrangements of the surfactant molecules intercalated in the SAz-2 Ca-montmorillonite were determined by a combination of TG and IES techniques. The detailed conformational ordering of different intercalated surfactants under different conditions was also studied. The surfactant molecule DDDMA has proved to be thermally stable even at 400°C which indicates that the prepared organoclay is stable to significantly high temperatures. This study offers new insights into the structure and thermal stabilities of SAz-2 Ca-montmorillonite modified with DDDMA. The experimental results also confirm the potential applications of organic SAz-2 Ca-montmorillonites as adsorbents and polymer-clay nanocomposites.
Past 140-year environmental record in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from coral skeletal trace metal variations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2013.10.024
Abstract: About 140-year changes in the trace metals in Porites coral s les from two locations in the northern South China Sea were investigated. Results of PCA analyses suggest that near the coast, terrestrial input impacted behavior of trace metals by 28.4%, impact of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was 19.0%, contribution of war and infrastructure were 14.4% and 15.6% respectively. But for a location in the open sea, contribution of War and SST reached 33.2% and 16.5%, while activities of infrastructure and guano exploration reached 13.2% and 14.7%. While the spatiotemporal change model of Cu, Cd and Pb in seawater of the north area of South China Sea during 1986-1997 were reconstructed. It was found that in the sea area Cu and Cd contaminations were distributed near the coast while areas around Sanya, Hainan had high Pb levels because of the well-developed tourism related activities.
A Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl tellurite mineral schmitterite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2005.12.013
Abstract: Raman spectra of schmitterite measured at 298 and 77K are presented and discussed in detail and in part in comparison with published IR spectrum of synthetic schmitterite. U-O bond lengths in uranyls, calculated with the empirical relations R(U-O)=f[nu(1)(UO(2))(2+)]A and R(U-O)=f[nu(3)(UO(2))(2+)] A, are close to those inferred from the X-ray single crystal structure of synthetic schmitterite and agree also with the data for other natural and synthetic uranyl tellurites.
Reactions of bis[dimethyl(vinyl)silyl]bis(trimethylsilyl)methane, (Me3Si)2C(SiMe2CHCH2)2
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1039/P29870000381
Characterization of VOCs from LPG and unleaded petroleum fuelled passenger cars
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Geometry of the SiOCN Linkage. Crystal Structure of (Me3Si)2(PhMe2Si)CSiMe2OCN
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-1995
DOI: 10.1021/OM00010A071
A comparative study of the elemental composition of the exhaust emissions of cars powered by liquefied petroleum gas and unleaded petrol
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate mineral dewindtite
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1551
Engineered Nanomaterials: Knowledge Gaps in Fate, Exposure, Toxicity, and Future Directions
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/130198
Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify current knowledge gaps in fate, exposure, and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), highlight research gaps, and suggest future research directions. Humans and other living organisms are exposed to ENMs during production or use of products containing them. To assess the hazards of ENMs, it is important to assess their physiochemical properties and try to relate them to any observed hazard. However, the full determination of these relationships is currently limited by the lack of empirical data. Moreover, most toxicity studies do not use realistic environmental exposure conditions for determining dose-response parameters, affecting the accurate estimation of health risks associated with the exposure to ENMs. Regulatory aspects of nanotechnology are still developing and are currently the subject of much debate. Synthesis of available studies suggests a number of open questions. These include (i) developing a combination of different analytical methods for determining ENM concentration, size, shape, surface properties, and morphology in different environmental media, (ii) conducting toxicity studies using environmentally relevant exposure conditions and obtaining data relevant to developing quantitative nanostructure-toxicity relationships (QNTR), and (iii) developing guidelines for regulating exposure of ENMs in the environment.
Dispersal and transport of microplastics in river sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Evaluating the risk of mixtures in the indoor air of primary school classrooms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-015-4619-Z
Abstract: In school environments, children are constantly exposed to mixtures of airborne substances, derived from a variety of sources, both in the classroom and in the school surroundings. It is important to evaluate the hazardous properties of these mixtures, in order to conduct risk assessments of their impact on children's health. Within this context, through the application of a maximum cumulative ratio approach, this study aimed to explore whether health risks due to indoor air mixtures are driven by a single substance or are due to cumulative exposure to various substances. This methodology requires knowledge of the concentration of substances in the air mixture, together with a health-related weighting factor (i.e. reference concentration or lowest concentration of interest), which is necessary to calculate the hazard index. Maximum cumulative ratio and hazard index values were then used to categorise the mixtures into four groups, based on their hazard potential and therefore appropriate risk management strategies. Air s les were collected from classrooms in 25 primary schools in Brisbane, Australia. Analysis was conducted based on the measured concentration of these substances in about 300 air s les. The results showed that in 92 % of the schools, indoor air mixtures belonged to the 'low concern' group, and therefore, they did not require any further assessment. In the remaining schools, toxicity was mainly governed by a single substance, with a very small number of schools having a multiple substance mix which required a combined risk assessment. The proposed approach enables the identification of such schools and thus aids in the efficient health risk management of pollution emissions and air quality in the school environment.
Plasmonic Switching of the Reaction Pathway: Visible‐Light Irradiation Varies the Reactant Concentration at the Solid–Solution Interface of a Gold–Cobalt Catalyst
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-06-2019
TLR2 on blood monocytes senses dengue virus infection and its expression correlates with disease pathogenesis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-16849-7
Abstract: Vascular permeability and plasma leakage are immune-pathologies of severe dengue virus (DENV) infection, but the mechanisms underlying the exacerbated inflammation during DENV pathogenesis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, together with its co-receptors CD14 and TLR6, is an innate sensor of DENV particles inducing inflammatory cytokine expression and impairing vascular integrity in vitro. Blocking TLR2 prior to DENV infection in vitro abrogates NF-κB activation while CD14 and TLR6 block has a moderate effect. Moreover, TLR2 block prior to DENV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells prevents activation of human vascular endothelium, suggesting a potential role of the TLR2-responses in vascular integrity. TLR2 expression on CD14 + + classical monocytes isolated in an acute phase from DENV-infected pediatric patients correlates with severe disease development. Altogether, these data identify a role for TLR2 in DENV infection and provide insights into the complex interaction between the virus and innate receptors that may underlie disease pathogenesis.
Quantification of the relationship between fuser roller temperature and laser printer emissions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Leaching of iodide (I−) and iodate (IO3−) anions from synthetic layered double hydroxide materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2016.06.024
Abstract: Several studies have previously demonstrated that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) show considerable potential for the adsorption of radioiodine from aqueous solution however, few studies have demonstrated that these materials are able to store radioactive (131)I for an acceptable period. The leaching of iodide (I(-)) and iodate (IO3(-)) form Mg/Al LDHs has been carried out. Contact time appeared to be a more significant variable for the leaching of iodate (IO3(-)) compared to that of iodide (I(-)). Experimental results are fitted to the pseudo second order model, suggesting that diffusion is likely to be the rate-limiting step. The presence of carbonate in the leaching solution appeared to significantly increase the leaching of iodide (I(-)) as did the presence of chloride to a lesser extent. The maximum amount of iodate (IO3(-)) leached using ultrapure water as the leaching solution was 21% of the iodate (IO3(-)) originally present. The corresponding result for iodide (I(-)) was even lower at 3%.
Towards interference free HPLC-SERS for the trace analysis of drug metabolites in biological fluids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPBA.2016.12.019
Abstract: Sofosbuvir metabolite, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine (PSI-6206) was studied for the first time by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using the paper-based SERS substrate. The quantification limit of PSI-6206 by SERS was found to be 13ngL
Antibody coated conductive polymer for the electrochemical immunosensing of Human Cardiac Troponin I in blood plasma.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Oxidations of hypophosphorus and arsenious acids by 12-tungstocobaltate(III) anion in aqueous solution
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01040768
Cadmium transfer from contaminated soils to the human body through rice consumption in southern Jiangsu Province, China
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C6EM00631K
Abstract: Bioaccessible cadmium concentration in rice grains can be predicted by phytoavailable Cd concentration in soil.
Environmental Risks Posed by Microplastics in Urban Waterways
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2023
Corrigendum to ‘Influence of fatty acid structure on fuel properties of algae derived biodiesel’ [Procedia Engineering 56 (2013) 591–596]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Identification of the sources of primary organic aerosols at urban schools: A molecular marker approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2014.04.023
Abstract: Children are particularly susceptible to air pollution and schools are ex les of urban microenvironments that can account for a large portion of children's exposure to airborne particles. Thus this paper aimed to determine the sources of primary airborne particles that children are exposed to at school by analyzing selected organic molecular markers at 11 urban schools in Brisbane, Australia. Positive matrix factorization analysis identified four sources at the schools: vehicle emissions, biomass burning, meat cooking and plant wax emissions accounting for 45%, 29%, 16% and 7%, of the organic carbon respectively. Biomass burning peaked in winter due to prescribed burning of bushland around Brisbane. Overall, the results indicated that both local (traffic) and regional (biomass burning) sources of primary organic aerosols influence the levels of ambient particles that children are exposed at the schools. These results have implications for potential control strategies for mitigating exposure at schools.
Rapid Electrochemical Nanosensing of S100ßin Blood
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 04-2020
An electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection of erythropoietin in blood
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2018.07.045
Abstract: A label free electrochemical detection method for the rapid detection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) has been developed. In this method, we modified the rhuEPO structure for its direct sensing without using a complex signal lification strategy. The protein was selectively extracted from blood plasma s le using target-specific magnetic beads. After releasing rhuEPO from the magnetic beads, its disulfide bonds were electrochemically reduced and the protein was spontaneously assembled onto a nanostructured gold electrode via Au-S bonds formation. For electrochemical quantification, the reduced protein was desorbed from the electrode surface using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The desorption current was proportional to the concentration of rhuEPO in the range 1-1000 p.M. By cross-validating against ELISA, we found a 104.85 ± 3.35% agreement between the results obtained using the electrochemical biosensor and ELISA. Therefore the developed method has a strong potential for the sensitive detection of rhuEPO doping in sports as well as its rapid screening and pathology labs.
Efficiency of Fe–montmorillonite on the removal of Rhodamine B and hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
The use of reflectance visible–NIR spectroscopy to predict seasonal change of trace metals in suspended solids of Changjiang River
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Raman spectroscopy of uranopilite of different origin - implications for molecular structure
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-12-2007
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.1660
Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2006.04.064
Abstract: Road-deposited sediments were analysed for heavy metal concentrations at three different landuses (residential, industrial, commercial) in Queensland State, Australia. The sediments were collected using a domestic vacuum cleaner which was proven to be highly efficient in collecting sub-micron particles. Five particle sizes were analysed separately for eight heavy metal elements (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Al and Mn). At all sites, the maximum concentration of the heavy metals occurred in the 0.45-75 microm particle size range, which conventional street cleaning services do not remove efficiently. Multicriteria decision making methods (MCDM), PROMETHEE and GAIA, were employed in the data analysis. PROMETHEE, a non-parametric ranking analysis procedure, was used to rank the metal contents of the sediments s led at each site. The most polluted site and particle size range were the industrial site and the 0.45-75 microm range, respectively. Although the industrial site displayed the highest metal concentrations, the highest heavy metal loading coincided with the highest sediment load, which occurred at the commercial site. GAIA, a special form of principal component analysis, was applied to determine correlations between the heavy metals and particle size ranges and also to assess possible correlation with total organic carbon (TOC). The GAIA-planes revealed that irrespective of the site, most of the heavy metals are adsorbed to sediments below 150 microm. A weak correlation was found between Zn, Mn and TOC at the commercial site. This could lead to higher bioavailability of these metals through complexation reactions with the organic species in the sediments.
Electroplating wastewater treatment by in-situ formation of organic anions and inorganic anions intercalated layered double hydroxides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Removal of iodate (IO 3 − ) from aqueous solution using LDH technology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Sustainable urban water environment: Climate, pollution and adaptation
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 28-03-2014
Observations on the formation, growth and chemical composition of aerosols in an urban environment
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-06-2014
DOI: 10.1021/ES5019509
Abstract: The charge and chemical composition of ambient particles in an urban environment were determined using a neutral particle and air ion spectrometer and an aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. Particle formation and growth events were observed on 20 of the 36 days of s ling, with eight of these events classified as strong. During these events, peaks in the concentration of intermediate and large ions were followed by peaks in the concentration of ammonium and sulfate, which were not observed in the organic fraction. Comparison of days with and without particle formation events revealed that ammonium and sulfate were the dominant species on particle formation days while high concentrations of biomass burning OA inhibited particle growth. Analyses of the degree of particle neutralization lead us to conclude that an excess of ammonium enabled particle formation and growth. In addition, the large ion concentration increased sharply during particle growth, suggesting that during nucleation the neutral gaseous species ammonia and sulfuric acid react to form ammonium and sulfate ions. Overall, we conclude that the mechanism of particle formation and growth involved ammonia and sulfuric acid, with limited input from organics.
Enhancing the usability of systematic reviews by improving the consideration and description of interventions
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-07-2017
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.J2998
Influential factors on microplastics occurrence in river sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Temporal trends and bioavailability assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2014.09.030
Abstract: Thirteen sites in Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia were s led three times over a period of 7 months and assessed for contamination by a range of heavy metals, primarily As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Hg. Fraction analysis, enrichment factors and Principal Components Analysis-Absolute Principal Component Scores (PCA-APCS) analysis were conducted in order to identify the potential bioavailability of these elements of concern and their sources. Hg and Te were identified as the elements of highest enrichment in Deception Bay while marine sediments, shipping and antifouling agents were identified as the sources of the Weak Acid Extractable Metals (WE-M), with antifouling agents showing long residence time for mercury contamination. This has significant implications for the future of monitoring and regulation of heavy metal contamination within Deception Bay.
The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of diaquotetrakis(2,2′-bipyridine)-μ-oxodiruthenium(III) ion by bromate in aqueous perchloric acid
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Comparison of odour emission rates measured from various sources using two sampling devices
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2008.05.043
Abstract: Two commonly used s ling devices (a wind tunnel and the US EPA dynamic emission chamber), were used to collect paired s les of odorous air from a number of agricultural odour sources. The odour s les were assessed using triangular, forced-choice dynamic olfactometry. The odour concentration data was combined with the flushing rate data to calculate odour emission rates for both devices on all sources. Odour concentrations were consistently higher in s les collected with a flux chamber (ratio ranging from 10:7 to 5:1, relative to wind tunnel s les), whereas odour emission rates were consistently larger when derived from wind tunnels (ratio ranging from 60:1 to 240:1, relative to flux chamber values). A complex relationship existed between emission rate estimates derived from each device, apparently influenced by the nature of the emitting surface. These results have great significance for users of odour dispersion models, for which an odour emission rate is a key input parameter.
Two-Dimensional Bismuth Oxide Heterostructured Nanosheets for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Storages
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-07-2019
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) bismuth oxide (Bi
EMISSION AND DISPERSION OF SUBMICROMETER PARTICLES FROM AN INDUSTRIAL FACILITY
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2004
Transformation processes of metals associated with urban road dust: A critical review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-03-2019
Weak acid extractable metals in Bramble Bay, Queensland, Australia : temporal behaviour, enrichment and source apportionment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Neighbouring group participation by the vinyl group in reactions of sterically-hindered organosilicon compounds
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1039/C39860000630
Odour sampling. 2. Comparison of physical and aerodynamic characteristics of sampling devices: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2007.03.043
Abstract: S ling devices differing greatly in shape, size and operating condition have been used to collect air s les to determine rates of emission of volatile substances, including odour. However, physical chemistry principles, in particular the partitioning of volatile substances between two phases as explained by Henrys Law and the relationship between wind velocity and emission rate, suggests that different devices cannot be expected to provide equivalent emission rate estimates. Thus several problems are associated with the use of static and dynamic emission chambers, but the more turbulent devices such as wind tunnels do not appear to be subject to these problems. In general, the ability to relate emission rate estimates obtained from wind tunnel measurements to those derived from device-independent techniques supports the use of wind tunnels to determine emission rates that can be used as input data for dispersion models.
The effects of fuel characteristics and engine operating conditions on the elemental composition of emissions from heavy duty diesel buses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Role of residence time on the transformation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd attached to road dust in different land uses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2018.02.007
Abstract: The adsorption behaviour of metals deposited on road surfaces undergo changes during dry weather periods, with the bioavailability varying compared to the original species, prior to incorporation in stormwater runoff. This study investigated the role of antecedent dry days on the transformation characteristics of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd attached to different geochemical forms of road dust, in order to predict potential stormwater quality impacts. The study outcomes showed that the exchangeable fraction generally decreased with the increase in antecedent dry days, but the reducible, oxidisable and residual fractions increased. This implies that there is a time-dependent transformation of weakly bound metals in road dust to more persistent chemical forms. The transformation rate of metals was found to be in the order of Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd. Significant changes in metal distribution among the geochemical fractions were observed up to seven dry days, suggesting that during the initial antecedent dry days, the transformations can be relatively more significant. Among the analysed metals, Cd present on road surfaces has a higher potential for being bioavailable during the antecedent dry days.
Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1007/698_2014_259
Visible light enhanced oxidant free dehydrogenation of aromatic alcohols using Au-Pd alloy nanoparticle catalysts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3GC41866A
Assessment of contamination and health risk of heavy metals in selected water bodies around gold mining areas in Ghana
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-018-6750-Z
Abstract: Heavy metal contamination of selected rivers in Ghana was studied as part of a bigger project aimed at setting background standard for heavy metals in the Ghanaian environment. Water s les were collected from major mining and eight pristine areas. The s les were acid digested with aqua-regia and analyzed with ICP-MS for As, Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cr, Al, V, Co, Ni, and Pb. The average concentrations (mg/L) from the pristine sites ranged from 0.002 ± 0.00(As) to 0.929 ± 0.06 (Fe) and 0.002 ± 0.00 (Pb) to 20.355 ± 5.60 (Fe) from the mining sites. With the exception of Al, Fe, and Mn, the metals level were found to be within the WHO and USEPA guideline limits. Hazard quotients (HQ) for ingestion and dermal contact for pristine and mining s les ranged from 3.00E-04 (Cu) to 0.84 (Cr) and 2.40E-06 (Cu) to 7.44 (As), respectively. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for ingestion and dermal contact ranged from 5.03E-06 to 1.71E-07 (Cr) and 4.22E-08 to 1.44E-09 (Cr), respectively. Arsenic showed a CR value higher than the acceptable limit (1.8E-02) from the mining sites which poses carcinogenic health threat. Multicriteria ranking suggests Birim river (EAM) as the most contaminated. The pattern recognition and multicriteria approach in characterizing the heavy metal contamination (for the first time in the case of Ghana) from the various sites will provide fresh insights into the risk assessment of heavy metals in contaminated surface waters.
In situ sequentially generation of acid and ferrous ions for environmental remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Sources of ultrafine particles and chemical species along a traffic corridor: comparison of the results from two receptor models
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/EN12149
Abstract: Environmental context Identifying the sources responsible for air pollution is crucial for reducing the effect of the pollutants on human health. The sources of the pollutants were found here by applying two mathematical models to data consisting of particle size distribution and chemical composition data. The identified sources could be used as the basis for controlling or reducing emissions of air pollution into the atmosphere. Abstract Particulate matter is common in our environment and has been linked to human health problems particularly in the ultrafine size range. In this investigation, the sources of particles measured at two sites in Brisbane, Australia, were identified by analysing particle number size distribution data, chemical species concentrations and meteorological data with two source apportionment models. The source apportionment results obtained by positive matrix factorisation (PMF) and principal component analysis–absolute principal component scores (PCA–APCS) were compared with information from the gaseous chemical composition analysis. Although PCA–APCS resolved more sources, the results of the PMF analysis appear to be more reliable. Six common sources were identified by both methods and these include: traffic 1, traffic 2, local traffic, biomass burning and two unassigned factors. Thus motor vehicle related activities had the greatest effect on the data with the average contribution from nearly all sources to the measured concentrations being higher during peak traffic hours and weekdays. Further analyses incorporated the meteorological measurements into the PMF results to determine the direction of the sources relative to the measurement sites, and this indicated that traffic on the nearby road and intersection was responsible for most of the factors. The described methodology that utilised a combination of three types of data related to particulate matter to determine the sources and combination of two receptor models could assist future development of particle emission control and reduction strategies.
Source apportionment of PM2.5 at two receptor sites in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/EN11056
Abstract: Environmental contextFine particles affect air quality locally, regionally and globally. Determining the sources of fine particle is therefore critical for developing strategies to reduce their adverse effects. Advanced data analysis techniques were used to determine the sources of fine particles at two sites, providing information for future pollution reduction strategies not only at the study sites but in other areas of the world as well. AbstractIn this study, s les of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) collected at two sites in the south-east Queensland region, a suburban (Rocklea) and a roadside site (South Brisbane), were analysed for H, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Pb and black carbon (BC). S les were collected during 2007–10 at the Rocklea site and 2009–10 at the South Brisbane site. The receptor model Positive Matrix Factorisation was used to analyse the s les. The sources identified included secondary sulfate, motor vehicles, soil, sea salt and biomass burning. Conditional probability function analysis was used to determine the most likely directions of the sources. Future air quality control strategies may focus on the particular sources identified in the analysis.
Geochemical phase and particle size relationships of metals in urban road dust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2017.06.059
Abstract: Detailed knowledge of the processes that metals undergo during dry weather periods whilst deposited on urban surfaces and their environmental significance is essential to predict the potential influence of metals on stormwater quality in order to develop appropriate stormwater pollution mitigation measures. However, very limited research has been undertaken in this area. Accordingly, this study investigated the geochemical phase and particle size relationships of seven metals which are commonly associated with urban road dust, using sequential extraction in order to assess their mobility characteristics. Metals in the sequentially extracted fractions of exchangeable, reducible, oxidisable and residual were found to follow a similar trend for different land uses even though they had variable accumulation loads. The high affinity of Cd and Zn for exchangeable reactions in both, bulk and size-fractionated solid s les confirmed their high mobility, while the significant enrichment of Ni and Cr in the stable residual fraction indicated a low risk of mobility. The study results also confirmed the availability of Cu, Pb and Mn in both, stable and mobile fractions. The fine fraction of solids (<150 μm) and antecedent dry days can be highlighted as important parameters when determining the fate of metals associated with urban road dust. The outcomes from this study are expected to contribute to the development of effective stormwater pollution mitigation strategies by taking into consideration the metal-particulate relationships.
Which emission sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2011.01.081
Abstract: A field measurement study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was simultaneously carried out in October-December 2007 at an inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) site and a Hong Kong urban site. A receptor model i.e. positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the data for the apportionment of pollution sources in the region. Five and six sources were identified in Hong Kong and the inland PRD region, respectively. The major sources identified in the region were vehicular emissions, solvent use and biomass burning, whereas extra sources found in inland PRD included liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline evaporation. In Hong Kong, the vehicular emissions made the most significant contribution to ambient VOCs (48 ± 4%), followed by solvent use (43 ± 2%) and biomass burning (9 ± 2%). In inland PRD, the largest contributor to ambient VOCs was solvent use (46 ± 1%), and vehicular emissions contributed 26 ± 1% to ambient VOCs. The percentage contribution of vehicular emission in Hong Kong in 2007 is close to that obtained in 2001-2003, whereas in inland PRD the contribution of solvent use to ambient VOCs in 2007 was at the upper range of the results obtained in previous studies and twice the 2006 PRD emission inventory. The findings advance our knowledge of ozone precursors in the PRD region.
Bisphenol A degradation enhanced by air bubbles via advanced oxidation using in situ generated ferrous ions from nano zero-valent iron/palygorskite composite materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Physico-chemical properties of sediments governing the bioavailability of heavy metals in urban waterways
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Iodide removal using LDH technology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
The effects of the vinyl groups in reactions of the highly sterically hindered compound [tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]divinylsilyl chloride
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1039/P29860001289
Transformation and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban road surfaces: Influential factors, implications and recommendations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2019.113510
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prone to post-emission transformation and degradation to yield transformed PAH products (TPPs) that are potentially more hazardous than parent PAHs. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the potential environmental processes of PAHs such as sorption, volatilisation, photo- and bio-transformation and degradation on road surfaces, a significant accumulation point of PAHs. The review primarily evaluates key influential factors, toxicity implications, PAHs and TPPs fate and viable options for mitigating environmental and human health impacts. Photolysis was identified as the most significant transformation and degradation process due to the light absorption capacity of most PAHs. Climate conditions, physicochemical properties of road dust (sorbent), PAHs and TPPs and the existence of heavy metals such as Fe (III) are notable underlying factors for photolysis. Available data points to the predominance of carbonyl TPPs than other products such as nitro and hydroxyl TPPs with decreasing concentration trend of 9-fluorenone > 9,10-anthraquinone > benzo[a]fluorenone on road surfaces. The review recommends conducting future investigations targeting the influential factors pertaining to the fate of road deposited PAHs and TPPs. Furthermore, development of cost and time effective modern analytical methods is needed to quantify PAHs and TPPs present in minute quantities of s les. The review also identified that the unavailability of toxicity equivalency factors (TEF) for the most critical TPPs can be addressed using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and bioassays simultaneously. The content of this review is significant to the future work of researchers across various fields including analytical and environmental chemistry, stormwater pollution and toxicology.
Catalytic degradation of Orange II in aqueous solution using diatomite-supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7RA13348K
Abstract: A functional diatomite-supported Fe/Ni nanocomposite successfully remediated Orange II contaminant in aqueous solution.
Late antique memories of republican political polemic
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-11-2012
Variability and uncertainty of particle build-up on urban road surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.05.384
Abstract: Particle build-up is a key stormwater pollutant process that is typically replicated using a power function with increasing antecedent dry days. Though the use of a power function is recommended by a range of researchers, its applicability is demonstrated primarily for residential roads. Particle build-up process is also subjected to significant variability due to catchment heterogeneity and variability associated with source characteristics such as traffic and land use. Variability in the build-up process and use of stereotypical coefficients can lead to significant model uncertainty. This study evaluates particle build-up characteristics on urban road surfaces using an extensive field investigation program, giving specific priority to industrial and commercial roads. Based on the outcomes, particle build-up process characteristics and respective uncertainties were evaluated and compared for road surfaces in residential, industrial and commercial areas. The study primarily found that both, industrial and commercial land uses generally manifested greater particle build-up loads compared to residential land uses. The study provides estimates for build-up coefficients for a range of land uses, including industrial and commercial with their potential uncertainties in build-up predictions. This provides new knowledge to improve stormwater quality modelling. Aside from land use, the proximity of sites to major road networks was also identified as a critical factor influencing the variability and uncertainty in particle build-up. Variability of the fraction of particles in the <75 μm size range with antecedent dry days exerts the most distinct influence on particle build-up variability across all land uses. The outcomes of this research study are expected to enhance stormwater quality monitoring, modelling and remediation, and thereby promoting greater protection of human and aquatic ecosystem health.
From spent Mg/Al layered double hydroxide to porous carbon materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.07.057
Abstract: Adsorption has been considered as an efficient method for the treatment of dye effluents, but proper disposal of the spent adsorbents is still a challenge. This work attempts to provide a facile method to reutilize the spent Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) after the adsorption of orange II (OII). Herein, the spent hybrid was carbonized under the protection of nitrogen, and then washed with acid to obtain porous carbon materials. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggested that the carbonization could be well achieved above 600°C, as mass loss of the spent hybrid gradually stabilized. Therefore, the carbonization process was carried out at 600, 800, and 1000°C, respectively. Scanning electron microscope showed that the obtained carbon materials possessed a crooked flaky morphology. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption results showed that the carbon materials had large BET surface area and pore volume, e.g., 1426 m(2)/g and 1.67 cm(3)/g for the s le carbonized at 800°C. Moreover, the pore structure and surface chemistry compositions were tunable, as they were sensitive to the temperature. Toluene adsorption results demonstrated that the carbon materials had high efficiency in toluene removal. This work provided a facile approach for synthesizing porous carbon materials using spent Mg/Al-LDH.
First Exploration on Electrochemical Activation of Low‐Cost Albite Mineral for Boosting Lithium Storage Capability
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-05-2020
A multivariate approach to the identification of surrogate parameters for heavy metals in stormwater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2013
Hierarchy of factors which influence polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distribution in river sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.12.034
Abstract: The sediment environment provides habitat for fauna and flora. As pollutants can interchange between water and sediments, pollution will exert a significant influence on the water environment. Previous studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) pollution of sediments have primarily focused on the comparison of concentrations between seasons, land uses and species. Studies on the identification of the hierarchy of factors which influence PAHs distribution and its variability in river sediments are limited. This paper discusses a comprehensive investigation into the inherent variability of PAHs in sediments and the primary factors which influence this variability. The study outcomes confirmed that key factors exerting influence on PAH distribution in sediments can be ranked in the order: land use > population > seasons. Accordingly, intensive urban land use was identified as the most important factor influencing PAHs distribution. Additionally, it was found that with increasing urban development, PAHs concentrations and their variability in sediments increase in terms of the molecular weight of different species. The study outcomes are expected to enhance management strategies to mitigate PAHs pollution of urban water environments including the prioritisation of factors requiring management and the selection of appropriate approaches in the context of cost-effectiveness.
Adsorption characteristics of assembled and unassembled Ni/Cr layered double hydroxides towards methyl orange
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2022.03.022
Abstract: The lamella aggregation state of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) may affect their sorption capacity for organic compounds. The dried LDH s les (Ni/Cr LDH-FA-D and Ni/Cr LDH-H
Electron transfer at tetrahedral cobalt(II). Part 1. Kinetics of bromate ion reduction
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF01032820
Exploratory multivariate modeling and prediction of the physico-chemical properties of surface water and groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
Adsorption of phenolic compounds by organoclays: Implications for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.05.027
Abstract: Montmorillonite (MMT) was converted to organoclays by intercalation of cationic surfactants into its interlayer space. Two types of organoclays were prepared from different surfactants (DDTMA and DDDMA) at different surfactant loadings, and the structural changes in the clays investigated using various techniques. The arrangements of surfactant molecules in the interlayer space was visually aided by molecular mechanical calculation (MM calculation), and the adsorption capacities of MMT and the organoclays for the removal of p-chlorophenol (PCP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) from aqueous solutions were tested under different conditions. Two adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms) were used to determine the best fit model and the Freundlich isotherm was found to provide better fit for both PCP and PNP. Due to its hydrophobic properties, the adsorption is more favourable for PNP than PCP. Overall, the adsorption capacity of the organoclays was significantly improved by intercalation with large surfactant molecules as well as highly loaded surfactants as the intercalation with large surfactant molecules created the partitioning phase, which strongly attracted large amounts of organic pollutants. Possible mechanisms and the implications of the results for the use of these organoclays as adsorbents for the removal of phenols from the environment are discussed.
A modified critical load assessment method of heavy metals in paddy soil at large scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Characterisation of the impact of open biomass burning on urban air quality in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2016.02.030
Abstract: Open biomass burning from wildfires and the prescribed burning of forests and farmland is a frequent occurrence in South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. This work reports on data collected from 10 to 30 September 2011, which covers the days before (10-14 September), during (15-20 September) and after (21-30 September) a period of biomass burning in SEQ. The aim of this project was to comprehensively quantify the impact of the biomass burning on air quality in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. A multi-parameter field measurement c aign was conducted and ambient air quality data from 13 monitoring stations across SEQ were analysed. During the burning period, the average concentrations of all measured pollutants increased (from 20% to 430%) compared to the non-burning period (both before and after burning), except for total xylenes. The average concentration of O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5 and visibility-reducing particles reached their highest levels for the year, which were up to 10 times higher than annual average levels, while PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO 24-hour guidelines and O3 concentration exceeded the WHO maximum 8-hour average threshold during the burning period. Overall spatial variations showed that all measured pollutants, with the exception of O3, were closer to spatial homogeneity during the burning compared to the non-burning period. In addition to the above, elevated concentrations of three biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), together with the amount of non-refractory organic particles (PM1) and the average value of f60 (attributed to levoglucosan), reinforce that elevated pollutant concentration levels were due to emissions from open biomass burning events, 70% of which were prescribed burning events. This study, which is the first and most comprehensive of its kind in Australia, provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of open biomass burning events, especially prescribed burning, on urban air quality. The current results provide a solid platform for more detailed health and modelling investigations in the future.
Comparative assessment of Australian fly ash and conventional concrete bricks
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-12-2005
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.1182
Effects of climate change on the wash-off of volatile organic compounds from urban roads
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2011.06.032
Abstract: The predicted changes in rainfall characteristics due to climate change could adversely affect stormwater quality in highly urbanised coastal areas throughout the world. This in turn will exert a significant influence on the discharge of pollutants to estuarine and marine waters. Hence, an in-depth analysis of the effects of such changes on the wash-off of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urban roads in the Gold Coast region in Australia was undertaken. The rainfall characteristics were simulated using a rainfall simulator. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multicriteria Decision tools such as PROMETHEE and GAIA were employed to understand the VOC wash-off under climate change. It was found that low, low to moderate and high rain events due to climate change will affect the wash-off of toluene, ethylbenzene, meta-xylene, para-xylene and ortho-xylene from urban roads in Gold Coast. Total organic carbon (TOC) was identified as predominant carrier of toluene, meta-xylene and para-xylene in 300 μm fractions under such dominant rain events due to climate change. However, ortho-xylene did not show such affinity towards either TOC or TSS (total suspended solids) under the simulated climatic conditions.
Electron transfer at an encapsulated cobalt(III) centre: kinetics of oxidation of thiourea and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-thiourea in aqueous acidic media
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00161901
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for monitoring potentially toxic elements in the agricultural soils of Changjiang River Delta, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Fabrication of nanostructured SERS substrates on conductive solid platforms for environmental application
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-02-2019
Rapid detection of mercury contamination in water by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7RA02209C
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxin in fish, wildlife, and humans.
Thermal reduction of sulfur-containing MAX phase for MXene production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Comparison of emission rate values for odour and odorous chemicals derived from two sampling devices
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Thermogravimetric analysis of selected layered double hydroxides
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2012
Reproducible and label-free biosensor for the selective extraction and rapid detection of proteins in biological fluids
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-06-2015
Adsorption-desorption behavior of heavy metals in aquatic environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
A paper-based optical sensor for the screening of viruses through the cysteine residues of their surface proteins: A proof of concept on the detection of coronavirus infection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Spectroelectrochemical Nanosensor for the Determination of Cystatin C in Human Blood
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-08-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.8B02121
Abstract: The detection of protein biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of diseases requires selective and sensitive methodologies and biosensors that can be easily used at pathology laboratories and points of care. An ideal methodology would be able to conduct multimode screening of low and high concentrations of proteins in biological fluids using recyclable platforms. In this work, we demonstrate a novel nanosensing methodology for the dual detection of cystatin C (CST-C), as a protein biomarker model, in blood plasma by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The new methodology utilizes the thiol chemistry of biomolecules to develop a target-specific and recyclable extractor chip for the rapid isolation of protein biomarkers from blood plasma. This is followed by the rapid reduction of the disulfide bonds within the isolated protein to influence its oriented immobilization onto a conductive gold coated silicon nanopillar substrate via stable gold-sulfur (Au-S) bonds. The oriented immobilization led to reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements of the reduced protein (RSD = 3.8%) and allowed for its direct electrochemical determination. After the SERS measurement, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to desorb the analyte from the substrate and generate a reduction current that is proportional to its concentration. CST-C was determined down to 1 pM and 62.5 nM by SERS and DPV, respectively, which satisfies the requirements for monitoring Alzheimer's and kidney failure diseases. The new dual nanosensing methodology has strong potential for miniaturization in a lab-on-a-chip platform for the screening of many protein biomarkers that have a disulfide bond structure.
Influence of traffic characteristics on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon build-up on urban road surfaces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2014
Influence of land use configurations on river sediment pollution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2017.06.076
Abstract: Land use is an influential factor in river sediment pollution. However, land use type alone is found to be inadequate to explain pollutant contributions to the aquatic environment since configurations within the same land use type such as land cover and development layout could also exert an important influence. Consequently, this paper discusses a research study, which consisted of an in-depth investigation into the relationship between land use type and river sediment pollution by introducing robust parameters that represent configurations within the primary land use types. Urban water pollutants, namely, nutrients, total carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals were investigated in the study. The outcomes show that higher patch density and more erse land use development forms contribute relatively greater pollutant loads to receiving waters and consequently leading to higher sediment pollution. The study outcomes are expected to contribute essential knowledge for creating robust management strategies to minimise waterway pollution and thereby protect the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Electropolymerized Porous Polymer Films on Flexible Indium Tin Oxide Using Trifunctional Furan Substituted Benzene Conjugated Monomer for Biosensing
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-01-2020
Enrichment, distribution and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2014.01.031
Abstract: Sediment s les from 13 s ling sites in Deception Bay, Australia were analysed for the presence of heavy metals. Enrichment factors, modified contamination indices and Nemerow pollution indices were calculated for each s ling site to determine sediment quality. The results indicate significant pollution of most sites by lead (average enrichment factor (EF) of 13), but there is also enrichment of arsenic (average EF 2.3), zinc (average EF 2.7) and other heavy metals. The modified degree of contamination indices (average 1.0) suggests that there is little contamination. By contrast, the Nemerow pollution index (average 5.8) suggests that Deception Bay is heavily contaminated. Cluster analysis was undertaken to identify groups of elements. Strong correlation between some elements and two distinct clusters of s ling sites based on sediment type was evident. These results have implications for pollution in complex marine environments where there is significant influx of sand and sediment into an estuarine environment.
Behaviour of metals in an urban river and the pollution of estuarine environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2019.114911
Abstract: The high pollutant loads discharged from cities pose risks to urban waterways, and in turn the estuarine environments, making it challenging to improve urban liveability. Past studies on the behaviour of pollutants in rivers have largely investigated their transport along the waterway, primarily focusing on the movement of water and sediment. However, the current approaches in pollutant transport modelling provide limited insights into how pollutant transfer between water and sediment phases influences their transport from the upstream towards the estuarine environment. This research study firstly identified typical patterns of metal loads along an urban river in a highly populated city in China. The outcomes were then used to conceptualise metal transfer between water and sediment phases. It was noted that physico-chemical characteristics of water and sediments play a key role in metal transfer between the two phases, and the dominant transfer path (sediment to water/water to sediment) is different between different metals, independent of their origin (crustal, anthropogenic or marine-related). Several scenarios were derived from the conceptualisation of metal behaviour. These in turn were then used to develop real-world scenarios of metal transport in rivers based on the field data. The conceptualisation of metal behaviour confirmed that each metal is likely to have a dominant phase of transport (sediment/water), which is influenced by the dominant transfer path of that metal between water and sediments.
Single-step dynamic dewatering of microalgae from dilute suspensions using flocculant assisted filtration
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12934-020-01472-4
Abstract: Dewatering constitutes a major challenge to the production of microalgae, accounting for 20–30% of the product cost. This presents a setback for the applicability of microalgae in the development of several sustainable products. This study presents an investigation into the dynamic dewatering of microalgae in a combined flocculation-filtration process. The effect of process conditions on the performance of 12 flocculants and their mixtures was assessed. The mechanism of flocculation via the electrostatic path was dominated by charge neutralization and subsequently followed bridging in a ‘sweep flocculation’ process. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) based flocculants recorded the highest biomass retention with PAM1 and PAM2 attaining 99 and 98% retention with flocculant dosages of 10 and 15 mg/L respectively. Polyvinylamine (PVAM) was also found to improve system stability across the pH range 4–10. Alum was observed to be only effective in charge neutralization, bringing the system close to its isoelectric point (IEP). Chemometric analysis using the multi-criteria decision methods, PROMETHEE and GAIA, was applied to provide a sequential performance ranking based on the net outranking flow (ф) from 207 observations. A graphical exploration of the flocculant performance pattern, grouping the observations into clusters in relation to the decision axis ( $$\\pi$$ π ), which indicated the weighted resultant of most favorable performance for all criteria was explored. CPAM based flocculants and their mixtures demonstrated superior performance due to their viscoelastic behaviour under turbulence. The use of PVAM or alum in mixtures with CPAM reduced the required doses of both flocculants, which will provide beneficial financial impact for largescale microalgae dewatering in a flocculant assisted dynamic filtration process. Chemometric analysis based on the physico-chemical properties of the system provides a time saving assessment of performance across several criteria. The study findings provide an important foundation for flocculant assisted dynamic filtration processes.
Volatile Organic Ingredients in Household and Consumer Products
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-09-2009
Relationship between the J(Sn-C-H) of the dimethyltin dichloride adducts of some pyridines and anilines, and the donor strength of the Lewis bases
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199606)10%3A5<369%3A%3AAID-AOC481>3.0.CO%3B2-5
Effect of fuel composition and engine operating conditions on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from a fleet of heavy-duty diesel buses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 28-10-2005
Relationship Between theJ(Sn-C-H) of the Dimethyltin Dichloride Adducts of some Pyridines and Anilines, and the Donor Strength of the Lewis Bases
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1996
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199606)10:5<369::AID-AOC481>3.0.CO;2-5
A SERS quenching method for the sensitive determination of insulin
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/DTA.2808
Abstract: In this work, we utilise the disulphide bond structure of insulin and a new benzothiazole Raman probe for the detection of human insulin using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The disulphide bond structure of the insulin was reduced to generate free sulfhydryl terminal groups. When reacted with benzothiazole-functionalised gold nanoparticles, the reduced protein desorbs the Raman probe and causes its Raman signal intensity to quench. Using this approach, insulin was quantified in the concentration range of 1 × 10
Contamination impact and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface soils from selected major mining areas in Ghana
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-06-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-019-00332-4
Abstract: Analysis of soil s les around pristine and major gold-mining areas in Ghana was carried out for heavy metals as part of a larger soil contamination and metal background study. The surface soil s les were digested using microwave digester (aqua regia) and analyzed with ICP-MS for As, Cd, Hg, Zn, Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Al, V, Cr, and Pb. The average concentrations (mg/L) for the metals ranged from 0.01 ± 0.01 (Cd) to 86,859.36 ± 47.07 (Fe) for the pristine sites, and 0.01 ± 0.01 (Cd) to 59,006.95 ± 79.06 (Fe) for the mining sites. Mercury was below the detection limit of the analytical instrument (0.029). The concentrations of heavy metals from this study were used to assess their contamination levels, and health risks. The results showed that, the metals ranked by severity of health risks as As > Pb > Cr > Cd. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis showed two groupings with the PCA showing metals variability explained by 79.02%. Results from the PCA and Cluster analysis indicate anthropogenic sources of the metals which may be emanating from gold-mining activities. Results from multi-criteria ranking and pattern recognition employing PROMETHEE and GAIA revealed major contribution of the metals from the mining sites with metal variability explained by 72.83%. This is the first time a multi-criteria approach is employed to characterize heavy metal contamination in Ghana, and the study nevertheless brought to light the impact of mining on human health and the environment with implications for other mineral areas around the globe.
Atmospheric deposition as a source of heavy metals in urban stormwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Blending two virtual realities
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2016
Rates of solvolysis of the compounds (Me3Si) 2(Ph2MeSi) CSiMe2X, X I, OSO2 CF3 and OCN. Mechanistic implications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1995
Degradation of simazine from aqueous solutions by diatomite-supported nanosized zero-valent iron composite materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.10.045
Abstract: A novel composite material based on deposition of nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles on acid-leached diatomite was synthesised for the removal of a chlorinated contaminant in water. The nZVI/diatomite composites were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared with the pure nZVI particles, better dispersion of nZVI particles on the surface or inside the pores of diatom shells was observed. The herbicide simazine was selected as the model chlorinated contaminant and the removal efficiency by nZVI/diatomite composite was compared with that of the pristine nZVI and commercial iron powder. It was found that the diatomite supported nZVI composite material prepared by centrifugation exhibits relatively better efficient activity in decomposition of simazine than commercial Fe, lab synthesised nZVI and composite material prepared via rotary evaporation, and the optimum experimental conditions were obtained based on a series of batch experiments. This study on immobilising nZVI particles onto diatomite opens a new avenue for the practical application of nZVI and the diatomite-supported nanosized zero-valent iron composite materials have potential applications in environmental remediation.
Determination of refractive and volatile elements in sediment using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2015.09.033
Abstract: Wet-milling protocol was employed to produce pressed powder tablets with excellent cohesion and homogeneity suitable for laser ablation (LA) analysis of volatile and refractive elements in sediment. The influence of s le preparation on analytical performance was also investigated, including s le homogeneity, accuracy and limit of detection. Milling in volatile solvent for 40 min ensured s le is well mixed and could reasonably recover both volatile (Hg) and refractive (Zr) elements. With the exception of Cr (-52%) and Nb (+26%) major, minor and trace elements in STSD-1 and MESS-3 could be analysed within ±20% of the certified values. Comparison of the method with total digestion method using HF was tested by analysing 10 different sediment s les. The laser method recovers significantly higher amounts of analytes such as Ag, Cd, Sn and Sn than the total digestion method making it a more robust method for elements across the periodic table. LA-ICP-MS also eliminates the interferences from chemical reagents as well as the health and safety risks associated with digestion processes. Therefore, it can be considered as an enhanced method for the analysis of heterogeneous matrices such as river sediments.
Environmental applications of inorganic–organic clays for recalcitrant organic pollutants removal: Bisphenol A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2016.02.034
Abstract: Bisphenol-A (BPA) adsorption onto inorganic-organic clays (IOCs) was investigated. For this purpose, IOCs synthesised using octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA, organic modifier) and hydroxy aluminium (Al13, inorganic modifier) were used. Three intercalation methods were employed with varying ODTMA concentration in the synthesis of IOCs. Molecular interactions of clay surfaces with ODTMA and Al13 and their arrangements within the interlayers were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface area and porous structure of IOCs were determined by applying Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method to N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Surface area decreased upon ODTMA intercalation while it increased with Al13 pillaring. As a result, BET specific surface area of IOCs was considerably higher than those of organoclays. Initial concentration of BPA, contact time and adsorbent dose significantly affected BPA adsorption into IOCs. Pseudo-second order kinetics model is the best fit for BPA adsorption into IOCs. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable for BPA adsorption (R(2)>0.91) for IOCs. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity for IOCs was as high as 109.89mgg(-1) and it was closely related to the loaded ODTMA amount into the clay. Hydrophobic interactions between long alkyl chains of ODTMA and BPA are responsible for BPA adsorption into IOCs.
Dataset for the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling of the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) of PAHs and transformed PAH products
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Interaction between functionalized graphene and sulfur compounds in a lithium–sulfur battery – a density functional theory investigation
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7RA11628D
Abstract: Functionalized graphene can successfully anchor sulfur compounds via moderate interactions, leading to improved conductivity and charge transfer in the cathode of Li–S batteries.
Mathematical relationships for metal build-up on urban road surfaces based on traffic and land use characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.10.068
Abstract: The study investigated the influence of traffic and land use parameters on metal build-up on urban road surfaces. Mathematical relationships were developed to predict metals originating from fuel combustion and vehicle wear. The analysis undertaken found that nickel and chromium originate from exhaust emissions, lead, copper and zinc from vehicle wear, cadmium from both exhaust and wear and manganese from geogenic sources. Land use does not demonstrate a clear pattern in relation to the metal build-up process, though its inherent characteristics such as traffic activities exert influence. The equation derived for fuel related metal load has high cross-validated coefficient of determination (Q(2)) and low Standard Error of Cross-Validation (SECV) values which indicates that the model is reliable, while the equation derived for wear-related metal load has low Q(2) and high SECV values suggesting its use only in preliminary investigations. Relative Prediction Error values for both equations are considered to be well within the error limits for a complex system such as an urban road surface. These equations will be beneficial for developing reliable stormwater treatment strategies in urban areas which specifically focus on mitigation of metal pollution.
Efficient Removal of Cationic and Anionic Radioactive Pollutants from Water Using Hydrotalcite-Based Getters
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-06-2016
Abstract: Hydrotalcite (HT)-based materials are usually applied to capture anionic pollutants in aqueous solutions. Generally considered anion exchangers, their ability to capture radioactive cations is rarely exploited. In the present work, we explored the ability of pristine and calcined HT getters to effectively capture radioactive cations (Sr(2+) and Ba(2+)) which can be securely stabilized at the getter surface. It is found that calcined HT outperforms its pristine counterpart in cation removal ability. Meanwhile, a novel anion removal mechanism targeting radioactive I(-) is demonstrated. This approach involves HT surface modification with silver species, namely, Ag2CO3 nanoparticles, which can attach firmly on HT surface by forming coherent interface. This HT-based anion getter can be further used to capture I(-) in aqueous solution. The observed I(-) uptake mechanism is distinctly different from the widely reported ion exchange mechanism of HT and much more efficient. As a result of the high local concentrations of precipitants on the getters, radioactive ions in water can be readily immobilized onto the getter surface by forming precipitates. The secured ionic pollutants can be subsequently removed from water by filtration or sedimentation for safe disposal. Overall, these stable, inexpensive getters are the materials of choice for removal of trace ionic pollutants from bulk radioactive liquids, especially during episodic environmental crisis.
Tropospheric volatile organic compounds in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.09.116
Abstract: Photochemical smog, characterized by high concentrations of ozone (O
Source apportionment of ultrafine and fine particle concentrations in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-012-0803-6
Abstract: To investigate the significance of sources around measurement sites, assist the development of control strategies for the important sources and mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution due to particle size. In this study, s ling was conducted at two sites located in urban/industrial and residential areas situated at roadsides along the Brisbane Urban Corridor. Ultrafine and fine particle measurements obtained at the two sites in June-July 2002 were analysed by positive matrix factorization. Six sources were present, including local traffic, two traffic sources, biomass burning and two currently unidentified sources. Secondary particles had a significant impact at site 1, while nitrates, peak traffic hours and main roads located close to the source also affected the results for both sites. This significant traffic corridor exemplifies the type of sources present in heavily trafficked locations and future attempts to control pollution in this type of environment could focus on the sources that were identified.
Particle Number Emissions and Source Signatures of an Industrial Facility
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-12-2005
DOI: 10.1021/ES048337E
Abstract: The work presented was conducted within the scope of a larger study investigating impacts of the Stuart Oil Shale project, a facility operating to the north of the industrial city of Gladstone, Australia. The aims of the investigations were threefold: (a) the identification of the plant signatures in terms of particle size distributions in the submicrometer range (13-830 nm) through stack measurements, (b) exploring the applicability of these signatures in tracing the source contributions at locations of interest, at a distance from the plant, and (c) assessing the contribution of the plant to the total particle number concentration at locations of interest. The stack measurements conducted for three different conditions of plant operation showed that the particle size distributions were bimodal with average modal count median diameters (CMDs) of 24 (SD 4) and 52 (SD 9) nm. The average of all the particle size distributions recorded within the plant sector at a site located 4.5 km from the plant, over the s ling period when the plant was operating, also showed a bimodal distribution. The modal CMDs in this case were 27 and 50 nm, similar to those at the stack. This bimodal size distribution is distinct from the size distribution of the most common ambient anthropogenic emission source, which is vehicle emissions, and can be considered as a signature of this source. The average contribution of the plant (for plant sector winds) was estimated to be (10.0 +/- 3.8) x 10(2) particles cm(-3) and constituted approximately a 50% increase overthe local particle ambient concentration for plant sector winds. This increase in particle number concentration compared to the local background concentration, while high compared to the clean environment concentration, is not significant when compared to concentrations generally encountered in the urban environment of Brisbane.
Sorption of iodide (I−) from aqueous solution using Mg/Al layered double hydroxides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSEC.2017.03.284
Abstract: In this article, the authors report the adsorption of iodide by Mg/Al LDHs and thermally activated LDH materials in laboratory scale batch experiments. The optimal Mg/Al cation ratio was 3:1while the percentage iodide uptake increased with increasing adsorbent dose up to 1g/20mL of solution. The effect of initial iodide concentration was investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, while the pseudo second order kinetic model appeared to provide the best fit for the experimental data. High iodide uptake of over 80% could be achieved without completely eliminating dissolved or atmospheric carbonate and leaching of
Dual chemosensor for the rapid detection of mercury(ii) pollution and biothiols
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9AN01055F
Abstract: A new benzothiazole azo dye [( E )-1-((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2,6-diol] (also known as “BAN”), has been synthesised and used as a chemosensor for the rapid and selective detection of mercury( ii ) ions in water.
A multicriteria ranking of organotin(IV) compounds with fungicidal properties
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2003
DOI: 10.1002/AOC.520
Influence of traffic and land use on urban stormwater quality: Implications for urban stormwater treatment design (SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology - BRIEFSWATER)
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2018
Source quantification and risk assessment as a foundation for risk management of metals in urban road deposited solids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Understanding heavy metal and suspended solids relationships in urban stormwater using simulated rainfall
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2005.01.013
Abstract: Urban stormwater from simulated rainfall on three different landuses in Queensland State, Australia (residential, industrial, commercial) was analysed for heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters such as Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Rainfall events were simulated using a specially designed rainfall simulator for paved surfaces. Event mean concentration s les were separated into five different particle sizes and analysed in idually for eight metal elements (Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Cu, Al, Mn and Pb). Multivariate data analysis was carried out for the data thus generated. It was found that DOC and TSS influence the distribution of the metals in the different particle size classes. Zn was correlated with DOC at all three sites. Similarly, Pb, Fe and Al were correlated with TSS at all sites. The distribution of Cu was found to vary between the three sites, whilst Cd concentrations were too low to assess any relationships with other parameters. No correlation between Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH and heavy metals was found at the three sites. The identification of physico-chemical parameters influencing the distribution process kinetics of heavy metals in urban stormwater will significantly enhance the efficiency of urban stormwater management systems.
The death of lucius equitius on 10 december 100 B. C.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-1990
DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800026999
Abstract: The picture of L. Appuleius Saturninus' last days is usually derived from the straightforward narrative account found in Appian's Civil Wars , an account which modern analysis has shown to be flawed. That narrative may be glossed as follows. At the consular elections for the year 99, Saturninus (a tribune who had that year been elected to a third tribunate) and Glaucia (a praetor and candidate for the consulship) instigated the death of a more hopeful contender. Chaos followed. On the following day, when the People ( demos ) had made its intention to do away with the ‘malefactors’ absolutely plain, Saturninus, Glaucia and the quaestor Saufeius seized the Capitol with followers from the country. The Senate voted for their suppression and Marius invested the hill. With hopes of a safe conduct, the beseiged surrendered and Marius detained them in the curia. Those who feared that the seditiosi might escape rough justice broke in and killed, amongst others, ‘a quaestor, a tribune and a praetor, still decorated with the insignia of office. Many others also perished in the stasis , including another tribune, thought to be the son of Gracchus and being a tribune for the first time on that very day’: ταμίαν τε κα⋯ δήμαρχον κα⋯ στρατηγόν, ἔτι περικειμ⋯νους τ⋯ σ⋯μβολα τ⋯ς ⋯ρχ⋯ς. πολὺς δ⋯ κα⋯ ἄλλος ὅμιλος ⋯ν τῇ στάσει δι⋯φθαρτο κα⋯ δήμαρχος ἕτερος, ⋯ το⋯ Γράκχου παῖς εἶναι νομιζ⋯μενος, πρώτην δημαρχ⋯ν ⋯κε⋯νην ⋯μ⋯ραν.
Use of physicochemical signatures to assess the sources of metals in urban road dust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.10.032
Abstract: Road deposited dust is a complex mixture of pollutants derived from a wide range of sources. Accurate identification of these sources is seminal for effective source-oriented control measures. A range of techniques such as enrichment factor analysis (EF), principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are available for identifying sources of complex mixtures. However, they have multiple deficiencies when applied in idually. This study presents an approach for the effective utilisation of EF, PCA and HCA for source identification, so that their specific deficiencies on an in idual basis are eliminated. EF analysis confirmed the non-soil origin of metals such as Na, Cu, Cd, Zn, Sn, K, Ca, Sb, Ba, Ti, Ni and Mo providing guidance in the identification of anthropogenic sources. PCA and HCA identified four sources, with soil and asphalt wear in combination being the most prominent sources. Other sources were tyre wear, brake wear and sea salt.
The kinetics of the oxidation of iodide and thiocyanate ions by 12-tungstocobaltate(III)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Application of multivariate data techniques in photochemical study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and transformed PAH products in road dust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Organic Compounds Adsorbed on Particles and Settled House Dust
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2003
Preconcentration and SERS-based determination of infliximab in blood by using a TNF-α-modified gold-coated copper oxide nanomaterial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00604-019-3947-Y
Abstract: Infliximab (INF) is a chimeric monoclonal immunoglobulin acting against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The drug is used for the treatment of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A target-specific nanomaterial is presented for the extraction of INF from human plasma along with a label-free surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for its determination using a handheld device. A gold-coated copper oxide chip was functionalized with TNF-α and used to extract the drug from plasma. INF was recovered from the extractor by lowering the pH value to 2.5. The disulfide bond structure of the drug was then reduced and used for its oriented chemisorption onto a gold-coated copper oxide substrate for SERS measurements using the INF-specific band at 936 cm
The Punishment of the Gracchani and the Execution of C. Villius in 133/132
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1017/S0066477400001143
Abstract: After the suppression of Ti. Gracchus, the Roman establishment acted savagely. The bodies of the hundreds killed in the initial massacre were thrown into the Tiber, probably at night, setting a grisly precedent (in that use of the river) that would be followed by Opimius, the younger Marius and Sulla. The action was supervised by an aedile, a certain Lucretius, who thereby acquired the cognomen Vispillo (or Vespillo), no doubt a pejorative title, but one in which he or his family seemed to take pride. The motivations behind the undertaking were possibly various. Removal of the evidence with minimal fuss may have been seen as a desirable way of avoiding further clamour. Hence the night-time operation. If so, it was done from inexperience. Experience would demonstrate that the bodies might neither remain sunk nor float discreetly to the sea. The establishment might also have hoped that the gesture carried with it some of the symbolism of a procuratio prodigiorum —though the agency of an aedile was hardly appropriate for such a commission. Probably the denial of proper burial was foremost in the minds of the enemies of Gracchus.
Role of adsorption behavior on metal build-up in urban road dust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2019.03.023
Abstract: Metal pollution of stormwater runoff can cause potential toxic impacts on the receiving water environment and human health. Effective pollution mitigation requires accurate stormwater quality modeling. Even though a significant knowledge base exists on the factors influencing metal build-up on urban roads, very limited studies have investigated how metal-particulate interaction influences metal build-up. This study quantitatively assessed the influence of particulate characteristics, together with vehicular traffic and land use, on the build-up of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd on urban roads. The study outcomes revealed that the variability in metal build-up is highly influenced by the variability associated with metal adsorption to particulates. The percentage contribution from particulate properties influencing metal adsorption in the case of <150 μm size road dust particles was found to be higher (Zn 44%, Cu 52%, Cr 16%, Ni 27% and Cd 45%) when compared to traffic and land use characteristics (Zn 21%, Cu 13%, Cr and Ni 150 μm size road dust particles. Among different particulate properties influencing metal adsorption, effective cation exchange capacity showed a strong positive relationship with the build-up of Cd compared to other metals, highlighting the potential role of Cd in stormwater quality as a readily available metal. The build-up of metals such as Cr and Ni are highly influenced by metal oxides of Al, Fe and Mn and clay forming minerals, indicating that Cr and Ni are relatively stable in nature.
Sulfate intercalated layered double hydroxides prepared by the reformation effect
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2011
Heavy metal contamination in suspended solids of Changjiang River — environmental implications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Influence of fatty acid structure on fuel properties of algae derived biodiesel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Characterization of elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compositions of urban air in Brisbane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Aerosol mass spectrometric analysis of the chemical composition of non- refractory PM1 samples from school environments in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.04.007
Abstract: Long-term exposure to vehicle emissions has been associated with detrimental health effects. Children are amongst the most susceptible group and schools represent an environment where they can experience significant exposure to vehicle emissions. However, there are limited studies on children's exposure to vehicle emissions in schools. The aim of this study was to quantify the concentration of organic aerosol (OA) and in particular, vehicle emissions that children are exposed to during school hours. Therefore an Aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) was deployed at five urban schools in Brisbane, Australia. TOF-AMS enabled the chemical composition of the non-refractory (NR-PM1) to be analysed with a high temporal resolution to assess the concentration of vehicle emissions and other OA components during school hours. The organic fraction at each school comprised the majority of NR-PM1. Primary emissions were found to dominate the OA at only one school which had an O:C ratio of 0.17, due to fuel powered gardening equipment used near the TOF-AMS. A significant source of the OA at two of the schools was aged vehicle emissions from nearby highways. More oxidised OA was observed at the remaining two schools, which also recorded strong biomass burning influences. In general, the diurnal cycle of the total OA concentration varied between schools and was found to be at a minimum during school hours. The major organic component that school children were exposed to during school hours was secondary OA at all schools. Peak exposure of school children to vehicle emissions occurred during school drop-off and pick-up times. Unless a school is located near major roads, children are exposed predominately to regional secondary OA as opposed to local emissions during school hours in urban environments.
Carbon–Phosphorus Bonds-Enriched 3D Graphene by Self-Sacrificing Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Elevating Capacitive Lithium Storage
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-04-2020
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