ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0177-8899
Current Organisations
University of Sydney
,
Curtin University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Nutrition and Dietetics | Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology | Psychology | Psychology not elsewhere classified | Forensic Psychology | Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified | Image Processing | Computer Perception, Memory and Attention
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Nutrition | Computer Software and Services not elsewhere classified | Workplace Safety |
Related Links
Publications
Maintenance of a gluten free diet in coeliac disease: The roles of self-regulation, habit, psychological resources, motivation, support, and goal priority
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.02.023
Abstract: A strict lifelong gluten free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for coeliac disease (CD). Theory-based research has focused predominantly on initiation, rational, and motivational processes in predicting adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate an expanded collection of theoretical constructs specifically relevant to the maintenance of behaviour change, in the understanding and prediction of GFD adherence. Respondents with CD (N = 5573) completed measures of GFD adherence, psychological distress, intentions, self-efficacy, and the maintenance-relevant constructs of self-regulation, habit, temptation and intentional and unintentional lapses (cognitive and behavioural consequences of lowered or fluctuating psychological resources and self-control), motivation, social and environmental support, and goal priority, conflict, and facilitation. Correlations and multiple regression were used to determine their influence on adherence, over and above intention and self-efficacy, and how relationships changed in the presence of distress. Better adherence was associated with greater self-regulation, habit, self-efficacy, priority, facilitation, and support and lower psychological distress, conflict, and fewer self-control lapses (e.g., when busy/stressed). Autonomous and wellbeing-based, but not controlled motivations, were related to adherence. In the presence of distress, the influence of self-regulation and intentional lapses on adherence were increased, while temptation and unintentional lapses were decreased. The findings point to the importance of considering intentional, volitional, automatic, and emotional processes in the understanding and prediction of GFD adherence. Behaviour change interventions and psychological support are now needed so that theoretical knowledge can be translated into evidence-based care, including a role for psychologists within the multi-disciplinary treatment team.
Predicting hygienic food handling behaviour: Modelling the health action process approach
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 26-10-2010
DOI: 10.1108/00070701011088205
Abstract: The purpose of the current paper is to investigate the determinants of hygienic food handling behaviour using the health action process approach (HAPA) and to examine if the volitional components of the model or the addition of past behaviour could explain additional variance in behaviour. A prospective four‐week study investigating the predictive ability of HAPA variables and past behaviour was used. At time 1, 109 participants completed self‐report questionnaires regarding their action self‐efficacy, risk awareness, outcome expectancies and intentions to hygienically prepare food and past behaviour. At time 2, participants returned a follow‐up questionnaire, which measured behaviour, planning, maintenance and recovery self efficacy. Structural equation modelling was used to compare three versions of the HAPA model. The first model showed that intention was a significant predictor of behaviour explaining 40 per cent of the variance and was the best fit. The second model, which included the volitional components of the HAPA model, did significantly increase the proportion of behaviour explained. The third model, which included past behaviour, increased the variance explained but was not a superior fit to the previous two models. The results of this study confirm that aspects of the HAPA may be useful in determining hygienic food handling behaviour. However, volitional variables do not appear to be important in this behaviour. The implications of this for future research and interventions are elucidated. The current study is one of the first to use the HAPA model to predict hygienic food handling behaviour.
Exploring temporal self-regulation theory to predict sugar-sweetened beverage consumption
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-06-2021
A Qualitative Application of Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to Understand Adherence to Simple and Complex Medication Regimens
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE8040487
Abstract: Medication adherence is a global health concern, and variables of temporal self-regulation theory (TST) have been shown to be important in improving adherence. This qualitative study aims to explore how TST can help explain medication adherence in people’s daily lives, and whether there are differences in the adherence to simple and complex medication regimens. Twenty-nine participants from Australia engaged in semi-structured interviews based on TST (intention, behavioural prepotency, self-regulation), and other variables important to adherence. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified (Routines, External Supports, Cost, Sense of Agency, Adverse Outcomes, and Weighing Up Pros and Cons), with partial support for TST (specifically intention, past behaviour, cues and planning). Four themes not related to TST were also identified. In iduals with more complex medication regimens spoke of the importance of routines, planning, and knowledge-seeking, whereas those with simpler regimens spoke of the importance of visual cues. TST may be useful for identifying some variables important in medication adherence, however, additional factors were also identified. For simple regimens, future research should focus on the manipulation of visual cues. For complex regimens, health professionals should consider supporting the use of medication management apps to assist in planning and ensuring a consistent routine.
Adherence to the oral contraceptive pill: the roles of health literacy and knowledge
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2020
Did you get the message? Examining prompted and unprompted recall of messages in a safe food-handling media campaign
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 28-06-2023
Abstract: The prevalence of foodborne illness remains high in Australia. In response, government initiatives have been implemented to inform consumers of ways to safely handle food. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of prompted and unprompted recall of messages from a safe food-handling media c aign in Western Australia, and whether this accuracy of prompted and unprompted recall differed by demographic factors and the mode of delivery of the c aign materials. Survey responses from 121 participants ( M age = 47.15 years, SD = 15.52) who reported seeing or hearing the c aign were analysed. A series of chi-square tests were used to determine the accuracy of recall when prompted and unprompted, and the accuracy of unprompted and prompted recall across demographic factors and mode of delivery. Results indicated that more participants accurately recalled the c aign messages when prompted (66.1%) compared to unprompted (35.5%), when they had seen outdoor advertisements (e.g. at bus stops or in shopping malls), and if they were between 30 and 45 years of age. This study is the first to explore the uptake and comprehension of messages from a safe food-handling media c aign. Evaluation of safe food-handling media c aigns has shown some efficacy in relation to behaviour change however, little is known about the uptake or comprehension of the c aign messages, and factors that may influence this.
Breaking bad habits by improving executive function in individuals with obesity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2018
Maintaining healthy eating behaviour: Experiences and perceptions of young adults
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-03-2014
Abstract: – The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in young adults who recently have been shown to experience more weight gain than other demographics. Research has focused on factors leading to this weight gain, implicating the abundance of unhealthy foods in the direct environment, yet limited research has examined why some in iduals are able to successfully regulate their eating behaviour in this “food-rich environment”. The aim of this research was to explore the perceptions and experiences of successful healthy eaters in order to determine factors that distinguish this group from unhealthy eaters. – Thirty-five healthy weight young adults, who considered themselves to be healthy eaters, participated in seven semi-structured focus groups. Key questions examined how these in iduals regulated their eating behaviour and their perceptions regarding such self-control processes. – Thematic analysis revealed that in iduals who are successful at maintaining healthy eating behaviour perceive the same barriers as non-successful in iduals, yet are able to employ self-control techniques to overcome these barriers. Additionally, continually exerting self-control appeared to facilitate the formation of healthy eating habits. – Future research may benefit from attempting to modify self-control ability and develop healthy habits. – While factors leading to obesity and the cognitions of those who are overweight have been extensively examined, limited research has focused on those who are able to regulate their eating behaviour. Additionally, limited qualitative research has examined implicit theories of self-control in an eating context.
Predicting saturated fat consumption: exploring the role of subjective well-being.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2013.764456
Abstract: Consumption of saturated fat (SF) is associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer which are among the leading causes of death in Australia and worldwide. A causal relationship between subjective well-being and positive health outcomes has been established, although few studies have specifically focused on health-enhancing or health-risk behaviours. The aim of this research was to develop an improved understanding of the processes underlying SF consumption by exploring the relationship between subjective well-being and SF consumption, within the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework. Questionnaires related to the TPB variables, subjective well-being and SF intake were administered online to 96 participants. Perceived behavioural control (PBC) was found to be a significant predictor of intention to limit SF intake. Intention and PBC accounted for 25% of variance in behaviour with PBC the only significant predictor of SF consumption. While subjective well-being variables were not significant unique predictors of SF consumption, these variables contributed an additional 2% to the prediction of behaviour, and this model was significant. The addition of subjective well-being to the TPB is novel and the results partially support the potential of subjective well-being in improving the prediction of this health-risk behaviour. Future research will need to replicate and extend these preliminary findings before such a framework may be translated into an intervention targeting SF consumption.
Re-considering the Role of Sleep Hygiene Behaviours in Sleep: Associations Between Sleep Hygiene, Perceptions and Sleep
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2023
Experimental methods in health psychology in Australia: Implications for applied research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12046
The effects of implicit and explicit self-control on self-reported aggression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Using the theory of planned behaviour to measure motivation for recovery in anorexia nervosa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.10.028
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a difficult to treat mental illness associated with low motivation for change. Despite criticisms of the transtheoretical stages of change model, both generally and in the eating disorders (EDs), this remains the only model to have been applied to the understanding of motivation to recover from AN. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) would provide a good fit for understanding and predicting motivation to recover from AN. Two studies were conducted - in the first study eight women who had recovered from chronic AN were interviewed about their experiences of recovery. The interview data were subsequently used to inform the development of a purpose-designed questionnaire to measure the components of the TPB in relation to recovery. In the second study, the resultant measure was administered to 67 females with a current diagnosis of AN, along with measures of eating disorder psychopathology, psychological symptoms, and an existing measure of motivation to recover (based on the transtheoretical model). Data from the interview study confirmed that the TPB is an appropriate model for understanding the factors that influence motivation to recover from AN. The results of the questionnaire study indicated that the pre-intention variables of the TPB accounted for large proportions of variance in the intention to recover (72%), and more specifically the intention to eat normally and gain weight (51%). Perceived behavioural control was the strongest predictor of intention to recover, while attitudes were more important in the prediction of the intention to eat normally/gain weight. The positive results suggest that the TPB is an appropriate model for understanding and predicting motivation in AN. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Does inhibitory control training improve health behaviour? A meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2015.1051078
Abstract: Inhibitory control training has been hypothesised as a technique that will improve an in idual's ability to overrule impulsive reactions in order to regulate behaviour consistent with long-term goals. A meta-analysis of 19 studies of inhibitory control training and health behaviours was conducted to determine the effect of inhibitory control training on reducing harmful behaviours. Theoretically driven moderation analyses were also conducted to determine whether extraneous variables account for heterogeneity in the effect in order to facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies. Moderators included type of training task, behaviour targeted, measurement of behaviour and training duration. A small but homogeneous effect of training on behaviour was found, d(+) = 0.378, CI95 = [0.258, 0.498]. Moderation analyses revealed that the training paradigm adopted, and measurement type influenced the size of the effect such that larger effects were found for studies that employed go/no-go (GNG) training paradigms rather than stop-signal task paradigms, and objective outcome measures that were administered immediately yielded the largest and most consistent effects on behaviour. Results suggest that GNG inhibitory control training paradigms can influence health behaviour, but perhaps only in the short-term. Future research is required to systematically examine the influence of training duration, and the longevity of the training effect. Determining these factors could provide the basis for cost-effective and efficacious health-promoting interventions.
Medical Qigong for cancer patients: pilot study of impact on quality of life, side effects of treatment and inflammation.
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X08005904
Abstract: Quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients is often diminished due to the side effects of treatment and symptoms of the disease itself. Medical Qigong (coordination of gentle exercise and relaxation through meditation and breathing exercise based on Chinese medicine theory of energy channels) may be an effective therapy for improving QOL, symptoms and side effects, and longevity of cancer patients. In this pilot study, the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of Medical Qigong (MQ) were evaluated on outcomes in cancer patients. Thirty patients diagnosed with heterogeneous cancers, were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group that received usual medical care and an intervention group who participated in a MQ program for 8 weeks in addition to receiving usual medical care. Randomization was stratified by completion of cancer treatment ( n = 14) or under chemotherapy ( n = 16). Patients completed measures before and after the program. Quality of life and symptoms were measured by the EORTC QLQ-C 30 and progress of disease by the inflammation biomarker (CRP: c-reactive protein) via a blood test was assessed. The MQ intervention group reported clinically significant improved global QOL scores pre- and post-intervention. The MQ intervention also reduced the symptoms of side effects of cancer treatment and inflammation biomarker (CRP) compare to the control group. Due to the small s le size, however, the results were not statistically significant between treatment and the control groups. Data from the pilot study suggest that MQ with usual medical treatment can enhance the QOL of cancer patients and reduce inflammation. This study needs a further investigation with a larger s le size.
Building habit strength: A pilot intervention designed to improve food-safety behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Acceptability of a theory of planned behaviour email-based nutrition intervention.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-08-2014
Abstract: This study investigated feasibility and acceptability of a new email-delivered intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in a university-based population of Australian young adults. The study explored whether there are differences in the reported feasibility and acceptability between demographic groups within the population of interest and at three levels of intervention intensity. The email-delivered intervention program consists of an implementation intention 'planning task' and between 3 and 15 short email messages over a 15-day study period. The intervention program was developed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour and was designed to modify perceived behavioural control. One hundred and ten participants (mean age = 19.21 years, 25.6% male) completed the feasibility and acceptability questionnaire at Day 15. This questionnaire contained items about all intervention components. High acceptability and feasibility scores were found for all intervention parts and at all levels of intervention intensity. There were few significant differences in the reported acceptability of items between key demographic sub-groups, and no differences in reported acceptability at different levels of intervention intensity. These results suggest that this email-delivered intervention is an acceptable and feasible tool for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption for participants in the target population.
Investigating mechanisms for recruiting and retaining volunteers: The role of habit strength and planning in volunteering engagement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-01-2021
Individual differences in executive function predict distinct eating behaviours.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.05.007
Abstract: Executive function has been shown to influence the performance of health behaviours. Healthy eating involves both the inhibitory behaviour of consuming low amounts of saturated fat, and the initiatory behaviour of consuming fruit and vegetables. Based on this distinction, it was hypothesised that these behaviours would have different determinants. Measures of inhibitory control and updating were administered to 115 participants across 2 days. One week later saturated fat intake and fruit and vegetable consumption were measured. Regression analyses revealed a double dissociation effect between the different executive function variables and the prediction of eating behaviours. Specifically, inhibitory control, but not updating, predict saturated fat intake, whilst updating, but not inhibitory control, was related to fruit and vegetable consumption. In both cases, better executive function capacity was associated with healthier eating behaviour. The results support the idea that behaviours that require stopping a response such as limiting saturated fat intake, have different determinants to those that require the initiation of a response such as fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving these behaviours should address the relevant facet of executive function.
Self-regulation versus habit: The influence of self-schema on fruit and vegetable consumption
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2011.605138
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption with the application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the additional variables of self-schema, habit and self-regulation. While it has been shown that those with a healthy-eater self-schema are more likely to carry out their healthy dietary intentions, the underlying processes that influence this relationship have received limited empirical attention. Recent findings on dietary behaviour suggest that self-regulatory ability and habit strength may have dissimilar effects on the intention-behaviour relationship within schematics and non-schematics. Self-report questionnaires regarding F&V consumption cognitions and two tests of self-regulation were administered to 209 university students. One week later, participants completed questionnaires on their behaviour. The TPB significantly predicted intentions and prospective behaviour. Self-schema did not moderate the relationship between intention and behaviour. However, within healthy-eater schematics, those with high intention and high self-regulatory ability were more likely to consume F&V, while within non-schematics, those with low intention and high habit strength were more likely to consume F&V. The findings support the use of the TPB in predicting F&V consumption and the validity of the self-schema distinction. Implications for designing interventions are discussed.
The lived experience of young Australian adults with type 1 diabetes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-12-2019
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1705989
Abstract: The purpose of the research was to explore the challenges, frustrations and experiences faced by young Australian adults with type 1 diabetes. We focused on the navigation of health behaviours (e.g. eating out, consuming alcohol, physical activity), which impact blood glucose levels, posing particular challenges for people with type 1 diabetes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 young adults with type 1 diabetes, between May and August 2016. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and coded using thematic analysis. Participants reported that the experience of type 1 diabetes made simple things complicated and involved constant vigilance and control. Difficult experiences in social situations were also mentioned participants felt that their privacy was often threatened, that people voiced misunderstandings about type 1 diabetes, and that members of the public often judge and critique their health behaviours or lifestyle choices. Simple behaviours like eating out with friends, responsible alcohol consumption, and engaging in physical activity pose particular challenges for young people with type 1 diabetes. Public education may reduce stigma and improve health behaviour.
A critical review of the effects of medical Qigong on quality of life, immune function, and survival in cancer patients
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-06-2012
Abstract: Background. Due to the limitations and side effects of conventional cancer treatment, especially in relation to quality of life (QOL), patients are increasingly utilizing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to supplement health-related outcomes. However, evidence for the safety and efficacy of such treatments is lacking. The purpose of the current review was to investigate evidence for the role of one CAM, medical Qigong (MQ), in supportive care. Methods. The literature was searched for reported effects of MQ in improving QOL, immune function, and survival in cancer patients. Results. Although many studies possessed methodological limitations and small s le sizes, encouraging evidence was found for the effects of MQ on these health-related outcomes. More robust evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials with larger s le sizes also reflected positive results for the role of MQ in improving QOL, mood and fatigue parameters, and reducing inflammation. Conclusion. Given such encouraging results, further research is recommended in methodologically sound approaches to further delineate the action of MQ. These findings support the utilization of MQ by cancer patients and the place for such programs in comprehensive cancer care.
It doesn't matter what they say, it matters how they behave: Parental influences and changes in body mass among overweight and obese adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.08.040
Abstract: This study investigated whether the relationships between perceived parental behaviors (dietary behaviors, physical activity, and verbal pressure) and changes in adolescents' body mass index (BMI) were mediated by adolescents' physical activity and dietary behaviors. The associations were tested among overweight and obese adolescents. Longitudinal data were collected three times, with a 2-month interval between Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2), and a 13-month interval between T2 and Time 3 (T3) in the group of adolescents (N = 100) aged 13-19. There was no experimental manipulation. Mediation analyses with two sequential mediators were conducted. Participants completed the questionnaires assessing their dietary behaviors, physical activity (mediators), perceived parental behaviors, and verbal pressure (independent variables). Adolescents' weight and height were measured objectively (with BMI constituting the outcome variable). Adolescents who perceived that their parents engaged in a healthy diet and frequent physical activity (T1) self-reported a healthier diet (T2 and T3), higher levels of physical activity (T2 and T3), and their combined index of healthy lifestyle was higher (T2 and T3). In turn, adolescents' behaviors (T2 and T3) were related to lower BMI (T3). Perceived behaviors of parents had a significant, indirect effect on a BMI reduction. There were no effects of the perceived parental verbal pressure (T1) through adolescents' behaviors (T2) on adolescents' BMI (T3). Perceived parental modeling of healthy diet and frequent physical activity, but not verbal pressure, predicted adolescents' behaviors (diet, physical activity, and a combined lifestyle index) and, in turn, a reduction in their BMI. The role of parents' health behaviors (diet and physical activity) should be taken into account when considering adolescents' overweight and obesity prevention and treatment programs.
Do Dimensional Measures of Mental Health Symptoms Predict Level of Alcohol Involvement in the General Population?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-02-2023
Preventing the spread of H1N1 influenza infection during a pandemic: autonomy-supportive advice versus controlling instruction
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-014-9616-Z
Abstract: Wearing facemask is an effective strategy for preventing the spread of the H1N1 in enclosed public spaces. This quasi-experiment examined the effects of University professor 'autonomy support on students' motivation, social cognitive factors, and intention to wear facemasks in the lecture hall during a hypothetical H1N1 pandemic. University students (N = 705) completed self-report measures of motivation, social cognitive factors, and intention according to a hypothetical H1N1 pandemic scenario in which their professors asked them to wear facemasks in the lecture hall, using either an 'autonomy-supportive' interpersonal style or a 'controlling' style. The results showed that the manipulation of professors' autonomy support exerted a positive effect on students' perception of autonomy support, which positively predicted their self-determined motivation, social cognitive factors, and intentions to wear facemasks. In conclusion, promoting self-determined motivation using autonomy-supportive communication styles might be an effective means of fostering in iduals' adaptive beliefs and motivation of H1N1 prevention.
Hygienic food handling behaviors: Attempting to bridge the intention-behavior gap using aspects from temporal self-regulation theory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Predicting intention to receive a seasonal influenza vaccination using Protection Motivation Theory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2019.06.002
Abstract: Seasonal influenza vaccination rates are below the recommended targets, contributing to significant preventable harms. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), a widely applied model of motivation to respond to threats, may provide some insights into strategies to increase the rate of vaccine uptake. Yet, previous research has omitted some of the proposed predictors of intention when applying this model to vaccination. The aim of the study is to assess the utility of the PMT in predicting intention to obtain the seasonal influenza vaccine. This study will be the first to examine the role of all six PMT constructs in predicting intention to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. A cross-sectional study of 547 US residents was conducted using Amazon MTurk. All constructs show significant bivariate correlations in the direction expected from the prior literature. Further examination of the theory within a linear regression model, however, found that perceived costs of vaccinating (i.e., response costs) did not uniquely account for variance in intention. All other components, perceived severity of and susceptibility to influenza, the perceived benefits of not vaccinating (i.e., maladaptive response rewards), the self-efficacy to vaccinate, and the perceived efficacy of vaccinating in preventing influenza (i.e., response efficacy) were unique predictors of intention. Overall, the PMT accounted for 62% of the variance in intention to vaccinate. The study is the first to investigate influenza vaccination using all six theorised predictors of intention from the PMT. The findings highlight the importance of the simultaneous inclusion of all components of the model in assessing their potential utility as targets for intervention. Importantly, the results identify under-utilised constructs in the promotion of vaccine uptake, such as maladaptive response rewards, which should be considered targets for future intervention.
Accuracy and Cost-effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Dietary Assessment Comparing the Automated Self-administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24, and an Image-Assisted Mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall Relative to Observed Intake: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Feeding Study.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 16-12-2021
DOI: 10.2196/32891
Abstract: The assessment of dietary intake underpins population nutrition surveillance and nutritional epidemiology and is essential to inform effective public health policies and programs. Technological advances in dietary assessment that use images and automated methods have the potential to improve accuracy, respondent burden, and cost however, they need to be evaluated to inform large-scale use. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of 3 technology-assisted 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) methods relative to observed intake across 3 meals. Using a controlled feeding study design, 24HR data collected using 3 methods will be obtained for comparison with observed intake. A total of 150 healthy adults, aged 18 to 70 years, will be recruited and will complete web-based demographic and psychosocial questionnaires and cognitive tests. Participants will attend a university study center on 3 separate days to consume breakfast, lunch, and dinner, with unobtrusive documentation of the foods and beverages consumed and their amounts. Following each feeding day, participants will complete a 24HR process using 1 of 3 methods: the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24, or the Image-Assisted mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall. The sequence of the 3 methods will be randomized, with each participant exposed to each method approximately 1 week apart. Acceptability and the preferred 24HR method will be assessed using a questionnaire. Estimates of energy, nutrient, and food group intake and portion sizes from each 24HR method will be compared with the observed intake for each day. Linear mixed models will be used, with 24HR method and method order as fixed effects, to assess differences in the 24HR methods. Reporting bias will be assessed by examining the ratios of reported 24HR intake to observed intake. Food and beverage omission and intrusion rates will be calculated, and differences by 24HR method will be assessed using chi-square tests. Psychosocial, demographic, and cognitive factors associated with energy misestimation will be evaluated using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. The financial costs, time costs, and cost-effectiveness of each 24HR method will be assessed and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance tests. Participant recruitment commenced in March 2021 and is planned to be completed by the end of 2021. This protocol outlines the methodology of a study that will evaluate the accuracy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of 3 technology-enabled dietary assessment methods. This will inform the selection of dietary assessment methods in future studies on nutrition surveillance and epidemiology. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621000209897 p9fpf2s DERR1-10.2196/32891
Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Testing an intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2012.02.012
Abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) based intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. The extent to which fruit and vegetable consumption and change in intake could be explained by the TPB was also examined. Participants were randomly assigned to two levels of intervention frequency matched for intervention content (low frequency n=92, high frequency n=102). Participants received TPB-based email messages designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption, messages targeted attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC). Baseline and post-intervention measures of TPB variables and behaviour were collected. Across the entire study cohort, fruit and vegetable consumption increased by 0.83 servings/day between baseline and follow-up. Intention, attitude, subjective norm and PBC also increased (p<.05). The TPB successfully modelled fruit and vegetable consumption at both time points but not behaviour change. The increase of fruit and vegetable consumption is a promising preliminary finding for those primarily interested in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. However, those interested in theory development may have concerns about the use of this model to explain behaviour change in this context. More high quality experimental tests of the theory are needed to confirm this result.
Predicting breakfast consumption: A comparison of the theory of planned behaviour and the health action process approach
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 21-10-2013
Abstract: – Breakfast consumption is associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes including improved overall diet quality, lower BMI, decreased risk of chronic disease, and improved cognitive function. Although there are many models of health and social behaviour, there is a paucity of research utilising these in breakfast consumption and very few studies that directly compare these models. This study aims to compare the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the health action process approach (HAPA) in predicting breakfast consumption. – University students ( N =102 M=19.5 years) completed a questionnaire measuring demographics, TPB and HAPA motivational variables, and intentions. Behaviour and HAPA volitional variables were measured four weeks later. – Using structural equation modelling, it was found that the TPB model was a superior fit to the data across a range of model indices compared to the HAPA. Both models significantly predicted both intentions and behaviour at follow up however, the TPB predicted a higher proportion of the variance in breakfast consumption (47.6 per cent) than the HAPA (44.8 per cent). Further, the volitional variables did not mediate the intention-behaviour gap, and the data were not an adequate statistical fit to the model compared to the TPB. – The results support the use of the TPB and show that some aspects of the HAPA are useful in predicting breakfast consumption, suggesting that risk perception and self-efficacy be targeted in interventions to increase behaviour. The volitional variables did not appear to mediate breakfast consumption indicating that intention is still the strongest predictor, at least in this behaviour. – The current study is the first to compare the TPB and HAPA in predicting breakfast consumption.
Can the common-sense model predict adherence in chronically ill patients? A meta-analysis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-09-2014
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2013.820986
Abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore whether mental representations, derived from the common-sense model of illness representations (CSM), were able to predict adherence in chronically ill patients. Electronic databases were searched for studies that used the CSM and measured adherence behaviour in chronically ill patients. Correlations from the included articles were meta-analysed using a random-size effect model. A moderation analysis was conducted for the type of adherence behaviour. The effect sizes for the different mental representations and adherence constructs ranged from -0.02 to 0.12. Further analyses showed that the relationship between the mental representations and adherence did not differ by the type of adherence behaviour. The low-effect sizes indicate that the relationships between the different mental representations of the CSM and adherence are very weak. Therefore, the CSM may not be the most appropriate model to use in predictive studies of adherence.
Acceptability of a behaviour change intervention aimed at increasing the use of a reusable hot drink cup
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
How to improve the diet of toddlers? The feasibility of an online, habit-based intervention targeting parental feeding behaviour
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-10-2022
Evaluating the impact of a pilot safe food-handling media campaign among consumers in Western Australia: Implications for public health messaging
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Ramifications of behavioural complexity for habit conceptualisation, promotion, and measurement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-04-2023
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2060849
Abstract: Behavioural theories, predictions, and interventions should be relevant to complex, real-world health behaviours and conditions. Habit theory and habit formation interventions show promise for predicting and promoting, respectively, longer-term behaviour change and maintenance than has been attained with theories and interventions focused only on deliberative behavioural factors. However, the concept of habit has largely been treated as uniform across different types of behaviours. In this conceptual review, we contend that the definitional aspects of habit differ at a conceptual level for simple versus more complex behaviours, with ramifications for prediction, promotion, and measurement of habits. Specifically, habits are defined as
Self-Monitoring vs. Implementation Intentions: a Comparison of Behaviour Change Techniques to Improve Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Outcomes in Students.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-015-9467-1
Abstract: This study seeks to investigate and compare the efficacy of self-monitoring and implementation intentions-two post-intentional behaviour change techniques-for improving sleep hygiene behaviours and sleep outcomes in university students. Seventy-two undergraduate students completed baseline measures of four sleep hygiene behaviours (making the sleep environment restful, avoiding going to bed hungry/thirsty, avoiding stress/anxiety-provoking activities near bed time and avoiding caffeine in the evening), as well as the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the insomnia severity index (ISI). Participants were randomly assigned to an active-control diary-keeping, self-monitoring condition or completed implementation intentions for each behaviour. Post-intervention measurement was completed 2 weeks after baseline. Repeated measures analyses of variance found significant main effects of time for improvements in making the sleep environment restful and avoiding going to bed hungry or thirsty, as well as PSQI and ISI scores. Non-significant interactions suggested no group differences on any variable, except for increasing avoidance of stress and anxiety-provoking activities before bed time, for which only implementation intentions were found to be effective. Attrition was higher amongst self-monitoring participants. Both self-monitoring and implementation intentions appear to be promising behaviour change techniques for improving sleep hygiene and sleep. Future research should examine the acceptability of the two behaviour change techniques and the relationship with differential attrition, as well as effect size variations according to behaviour and technique. Researchers should investigate potential additive or interactive effects of the techniques, as they could be utilised in a complementary manner to target different processes in effecting behaviour change.
What Accounts for the Factors of Psychopathology? An Investigation of the Neurocognitive Correlates of Internalising, Externalising, and the p-Factor
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-03-2022
Abstract: Neurocognitive deficits have been consistently associated with a wide range of psychopathology and are proposed to not only be a consequence of the development of psychopathology but also directly involved in its aetiology. However, there is no clear understanding of what neurocognitive processes are particularly important to mental health. In this paper, we explored the association between neurocognitive abilities and the factors derived from structural models of psychopathology. Four hundred participants from a representative community s le completed measures of symptomology and substance use, as well as 8 neurocognitive tasks. We found a correlated-factors model, with internalising and externalising as the higher-order factors, and a single-factor model with only the p-factor, to be good fits for the data. Tasks that measured the speed of processing were significantly associated with internalising, externalising, and the p-factor, and accounted for significant amounts of unique variance in the factors after accounting for the common variance of the other tasks. Tasks that measured working memory, shifting, and inhibition were not significantly associated with psychopathology factors. Our findings suggest that neurocognitive abilities may not be differentially associated with psychopathology factors, but that speed of processing is a common correlate of the factors. We emphasise the importance of examining neurocognitive abilities and psychopathology on the in idual level.
Exploring rational and automatic processes in parents’ snack and beverage provision: The role of self-control, intention, and counter-intentional habit
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2022.106185
Abstract: The prevalence of childhood obesity remains high, even among young children under 5 years of age. As parents are usually the key providers of food within the home for young children, it is important to understand influences on parental snack and beverage provision. Previous research in this domain is yet to investigate the role of both rational and automatic processes in parents' provision of unhealthy snacks and beverages to their children. Subsequently, the aim of this study was to explore the influence of both habit and self-regulation on parents' behaviours related to providing unhealthy snacks to their child. Two-hundred and forty-nine parents of a child between two and three years of age were recruited via CloudResearch for this prospective study. Parents completed self-report measures of their intention, habit, and self-control related to snack and beverage provision to their child at time-one. One week later, parents self-reported their unhealthy snack and beverage provision over the previous week. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the role of parents' intention, habit, and self-control in predicting their unhealthy snack and beverage provision. Results suggest that both habit and self-control influence parents' unhealthy snack and beverage provision. However, self-control plays an important role in strengthening the intention-behaviour relationship, and in limiting the impact of opposing habits on behaviour. Interventions that focus on modifying self-control would be useful for improving unhealthy snack and beverage provision among parents with young children.
Predicting adolescents' safe food handling using an extended theory of planned behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Food safety: Implications for food, medical and behavioural scientists
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1108/00070709510100082
Abstract: Reviews the continued rise and cost implications of food‐borne disease. Discusses strategies for containing and reducing the problem. To date, in spite of considerable effort and attention, the legislative approach does not appear to be affecting the reported incidence of food poisoning. Hygiene education, especially of the consumer, has received far less attention. Advocates the use of hygiene education is based on health education theory.
Teachers’ and pupils’ perceptions of the school nurse in relation to sexual health educationjo
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2009
Interaction effects in the theory of planned behaviour: Predicting fruit and vegetable consumption in three prospective cohorts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12115
Abstract: The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) has been criticized for not including interactions between major constructs thought to underlie behaviour. This study investigated the application of the TPB to the prediction of fruit and vegetable consumption across three prospective cohorts. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether interactions between major constructs in the theory would increase the ability of the model to predict intention to consume fruit and vegetables (i.e., attitude × perceived behavioural control [PBC], subjective norm × PBC, subjective norm × attitude) and self-reported fruit and vegetable intake (i.e., PBC × intention). Secondary data analysis from three cohorts: One predictive study (cohort 1) and two intervention studies (cohorts 2 and 3). Participants completed a TPB measure at baseline and a measure of fruit and vegetable intake at 1 week (cohort 1 n = 90) or 1 month (cohorts 2 and 3 n = 296). Attitude moderated the impact of PBC on intention. PBC moderated the impact of intention on behaviour at 1 week but not 1 month. The variance accounted for by the interactions was small. However, the presence of interactions between constructs within the TPB demonstrates a need to consider interactions between variables within the TPB in both theoretical and applied research using the model.
Active behaviour change safety interventions in the construction industry: A systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
An intervention to decrease heavy episodic drinking in college students: The effect of executive function training
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-12-2015
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.990969
Abstract: To develop and test a planning-ability, executive function (EF) intervention to reduce heavy episodic drinking (HED). Fifty-five heavy-drinking, first-year college students, recruited from May to October 2012. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental or active control group and then completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and demographic questions. Over 1 week, the experimental group completed 4 progressively harder planning tasks, whereas the control group completed 4 easier, consistent-difficulty planning tasks. Participants then recorded their daily alcohol consumption for 2 weeks. As hypothesized, both mean and maximum per-occasion alcohol consumption was significantly reduced in the experimental group compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in frequency of HED. These results provide initial support for the use of a planning-ability intervention in decreasing per-occasion alcohol consumption. Future researchers can examine the mechanism of effect, the long-term efficacy, and the specific EFs involved in other aspects of alcohol consumption.
Exploring the role of perceived risk and habit in safe food-handling behaviour change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Protection motivation theory and physical activity in the general Population: A systematic literature review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2012.749354
Abstract: An appropriate theoretical framework may be useful for guiding the development of physical activity interventions. This review investigates the effectiveness of the protection motivation theory (PMT), a model based on the cognitive mediation processes of behavioral change, in the prediction and promotion of physical activity participation. A literature search was conducted using the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a manual search was conducted on relevant reference lists. Studies were included if they tested or applied the PMT, measured physical activity, and s led from healthy populations. A total of 20 studies were reviewed, grouped into four design categories: prediction, stage discrimination, experimental manipulation, and intervention. The results indicated that the PMT's coping appraisal construct of self-efficacy generally appears to be the most effective in predicting and promoting physical activity participation. In conclusion, the PMT shows some promise, however, there are still substantial gaps in the evidence.
Psychosocial experiences and needs of Australian caregivers of people with stroke: Prognosis messages, caregiver resilience, and relationships
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1310/TSR2004-356
Abstract: Despite stroke being the most common form of cerebrovascular disease, there has been relatively little attention paid to the psychosocial experiences and needs of Australian caregivers of people who have had a stroke. Twenty Australian informal caregivers and 10 stroke survivors participated in in idual semi-structured qualitative interviews covering all aspects of caregiving, including stroke survivors' views on their caregiver's experiences. The 5 interrelated topics most discussed were changes in relationships and support services, including being told to expect a poor outcome caregiver attributes and coping strategies stroke survivor limitations external employment and financial stressors and unexpected positive changes in relationships and priorities. Caring for a stroke survivor involves a complex interaction of these factors that appear to be moderated by the quality of the pre-existing stroke survivor-caregiver relationship and the poststroke coping strategies used. Particular attention should be paid to how prognosis is conveyed and whether appropriate outpatient services are available. Clinicians should also consider discussing appropriate caregiver coping strategies and the quality of the relationship between the stroke survivor and caregiver.
A bifactor model of intolerance of uncertainty in undergraduate and clinical samples: Do we need to reconsider the two-factor model?
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1037/PAS0000540
Abstract: The theorized role that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) plays in the acquisition, maintenance, and treatment of multiple emotional disorders underscores the importance of valid assessment tools. Research using the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Short form (IUS-12) has conceptualized IU along 2 dimensions, namely, prospective IU and inhibitory IU. However, recent research has cast doubt on the separability of these dimensions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the fit of competing measurement models of the IUS-12 in separate undergraduate (N = 506) and clinical (N = 524) s les. Unidimensional, correlated 2-factor, and bifactor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of both studies supported a bifactor model consisting of a strong general IU factor. The general IU factor explained the majority of unique variance in the IUS-12, and suggested that a total score is generally appropriate for assessing IU. The general IU factor was most strongly and consistently associated with symptoms of multiple disorders. The inhibitory IU group factor was more weakly associated with most symptom measures in the clinical s le, but only with social phobia symptoms in the undergraduate s le. The prospective IU group factor was only separable from the general IU factor in the undergraduate s le, and did not explain unique variance in disorder symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
The Role of Habit and Perceived Control on Health Behavior among Pregnant Women
Publisher: JCFCorp SG PTE LTD
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.40.3.1
Training Health Professionals in the Use of Behaviour Change Techniques to Optimise Patient Care (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-08-2022
Abstract: ates of non-communicable diseases continue to rise worldwide. Many of these diseases are a result of engaging in behavioural risk factors. Without lifestyle and behavioural intervention, non-communicable diseases can worsen and develop into more debilitating diseases. Behavioural interventions are an effective strategy to reduce the burden of disease. Behaviour change techniques can be described as the ‘active ingredients’ in behaviour change and address the components that need to be altered in order for the target behaviour to change. Health professionals, such as pharmacists and nurses, can engage in opportunistic behaviour change with their patients, to encourage positive health behaviours. he objective of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a behaviour change workshop targeted at health professionals in Australia, with the goal of increasing knowledge of behaviour change techniques and psychological variables. prospective study design was used to develop and evaluate a 2-hour behaviour change workshop targeted at health professionals. The workshop was developed based on the COM-B model and had 5 core objectives: To (1) detail the role of health professionals in delivering optimal care (2) demonstrate opportunities to change behaviour (3) describe principles of behaviour change (4) explain behaviour change techniques, and (5) determine the most appropriate behaviour change techniques to use and when. A total of 10 workshops were conducted. To evaluate the workshop and identify any potential long-term changes in behaviour, data on knowledge and psychological constructs were collected from the attendees pre- and post-workshop. final s le of 41 health professionals comprising of general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists completed the pre and post-workshop survey. Following the workshops there was a significant improvement in knowledge of behavioural change techniques (t(40) = -5.11, P .001), subjective norms (t(40) = -3.49, P = .001), descriptive norms (t(40) = -3.65, P .001), perceived behavioural control (t(40) = -3.30, P = .002), and intention (t(36) = -3.32, P = .002). Each having a large effect. There was no significant difference in attitude post workshop (t(40) = .78, P = .44). The workshops were also found to be highly feasible and acceptable. ltimately, a 2-hour theoretically informed workshop, designed to facilitate the use of behavioural change techniques within health professionals, was shown to be largely effective. The workshops resulted in an increase in knowledge, descriptive norms, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intention. The intervention was also shown to be highly feasible and acceptable with the large majority of participants deeming the intervention to be needed, useful, appropriate, and applicable, as well as interesting and worth their time. Future research should examine the lasting impacts of the workshop on health professionals’ practice.
Testing an Online, Theory-Based Intervention to Reduce Pre-drinking Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harm in Undergraduates: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-018-9736-X
Abstract: The present study tested the efficacy of a theory-based online intervention comprising motivational (autonomy support) and volitional (implementation intention) components to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. Undergraduate students (N = 202) completed self-report measures of constructs from psychological theories, pre-drinking alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related harm at baseline and were randomly assigned to one of four intervention conditions in a 2 (autonomy support: present/absent) × 2 (implementation intention: present/absent) design. Participants completed follow-up measures of all variables at 4 weeks post-intervention. All participants received national guidelines on alcohol consumption and an e-mail summary of intervention content at its conclusion. Participants also received weekly SMS messages in the 4-week post-intervention period restating content relevant to their intervention condition. Neither statistically significant main effect for either the autonomy support or implementation intention intervention components nor an interaction effect was found on the outcome measures. However, statistically significant reductions in pre-drinking alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm were observed across all groups at follow-up, when compared to baseline. Reductions in outcome measures were likely related to elements common to each condition (i.e., provision of national guidelines, assessment of outcome measures, e-mail summary, and SMS messages), rather than motivational and volitional components.
An extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict immediate hedonic behaviors and distal benefit behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Extending the theory of planned behaviour to predict and increase PASS attendance and students’ performance: can academic motivation improve efficacy?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2021
Reasons for the overly optimistic beliefs of parents of children with diabetes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.12489
Abstract: The purposes of this study are to investigate parents' beliefs about the likelihood of diabetes outcomes for their child, the reasons that they give for these beliefs and the relationship between the beliefs and parental psychopathology. Seventy-one mothers of children with diabetes completed a questionnaire about the likelihood of certain diabetes outcomes and measures of psychopathology. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected at a single time point. Mothers generally held very optimistic views about their children's future, and this was associated with less maternal depressive symptoms. Mothers typically used their previous experiences and belief that diabetes is controllable to justify optimistic beliefs about short-term consequences. In contrast, formation of mothers' views on long-term consequences generally relied on information from a variety of sources. The results suggest that it is usual and helpful for mothers of children with diabetes to hold overly optimistic views about their children's futures. Medical evidence appears to have little influence on mothers' beliefs about likely outcomes for their children.
Trust not in money: The effect of financial conflict of interest disclosure on dietary behavioural intention.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-05-2009
DOI: 10.1108/00070700910957267
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of financial conflict of interest (FCI) disclosure on dietary behavioural intention related to the Glycaemic Index (GI) of food. A total of 72 participants were randomly allocated to two conditions by reading an academic journal article about GI that contained an FCI disclosure (conflict) or a statement detailing that the authors had no FCI to declare (no‐conflict). Using a questionnaire, participants made judgements about the article and authors as well as intention to perform GI‐related behaviour. These were then analysed for significant differences between the two conditions. Although no significant differences emerged between group means of judgements about the article, those in the conflict condition judged the authors as being significantly less trustworthy and credible than those in the no‐conflict condition. Contrary to expectation, those in the conflict condition reported significantly higher intentions to perform GI‐related behaviour. The present research must be conducted in other populations of interest in order to establish whether the results can be generalised. The results suggest that FCI disclosure might be best placed at the beginning of articles and that education about FCI be made available to the general public. The paper examines the practical implications of FCI disclosure. It also focuses on a readership beyond an academic community who is well acquainted with the subject area and issues pertaining to FCI.
A Qualitative Exploration of Service Users' Information Needs and Preferences When Receiving a Serious Mental Health Diagnosis.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10597-014-9761-4
Abstract: Helpful strategies for communicating news of a serious mental health diagnosis are poorly understood. This study explored service users' preferences for how they would like clinicians to deliver such news when a diagnosis of mental illness is made. Qualitative interviews were conducted with forty-five in iduals identifying with serious mental illness in eleven community based mental health facilities. Inductive thematic analysis resulted in eight primary themes. Five themes related to the structure and content of the discussion including a focus on information exchange, using an in idualized collaborative partnership paradigm, addressing stigma, balancing hope with realism, and recognizing the dynamic nature of diagnosis. The remaining themes related to the involvement of others including the importance of clinicians' communication and relationship skills, involvement and education of carers, and offering an opportunity for peer support. The product of the synthesis of themes is a step-wise model for communicating news of mental health diagnosis.
A meta-analysis of the effect of new-media interventions on sexual-health behaviours.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 28-11-2015
DOI: 10.1136/SEXTRANS-2014-051743
Abstract: Direct access to in iduals in non-intrusive ways, as well as the technical abilities of new-media to provide tailored information in relatively inexpensive ways, creates a unique opportunity for the delivery of health-related information. The aim of the present research was to examine the effect that new-media-based sexual-health interventions have on sexual-health behaviours in non-clinical populations and to determine the factors that moderate the effect of technology-based sexual-health interventions on sexual--health behaviours. A systematic literature search of the following databases was conducted: MEDLINE, psycINFO, Global health, and EMBASE, using terms that captured three subject areas-'Sexual-health', 'New Technology' and 'Intervention'. Randomised controlled trial, or a quasi-experiment delivered exclusively via new-media included sexual risk behaviour change as an outcome measure and delivered to non-clinical groups. Twelve studies tested the effect of new-media interventions on condom use, whereas nine tested the effect on sexually transmitted disease testing. Results indicated that new-media interventions led to significant increases in both outcomes however, these effects were not homogeneous. Moderation analyses revealed that interactivity of the intervention, target population and study design influenced the efficacy of interventions on both sexual-health outcomes, whereas intervention duration influenced sexually transmitted infection testing. Interventions aiming to improve condom use are more successful when an interactive component is used. Further research needs to be conducted to reach specific at-risk populations.
Theory of planned behavior and adherence in chronic illness: a meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-015-9644-3
Abstract: Social-cognitive models such as the theory of planned behavior have demonstrated efficacy in predicting behavior, but few studies have examined the theory as a predictor of treatment adherence in chronic illness. We tested the efficacy of the theory for predicting adherence to treatment in chronic illness across multiple studies. A database search identified 27 studies, meeting inclusion criteria. Averaged intercorrelations among theory variables were computed corrected for s ling error using random-effects meta-analysis. Path-analysis using the meta-analytically derived correlations was used to test theory hypotheses and effects of moderators. The theory explained 33 and 9 % of the variance in intention and adherence behavior respectively. Theoretically consistent patterns of effects among the attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention and behavior constructs were found with small-to-medium effect sizes. Effect sizes were invariant across behavior and measurement type. Although results support theory predictions, effect sizes were small, particularly for the intention-behavior relationship.
Practical parsimony and complexity in conceptualising habit
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-12-2023
The presence and predictors of complicated grief symptoms in perinatally bereaved mothers from a bereavement support organization
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1210696
Abstract: The present study investigated the presence and possible predictors of complicated grief symptoms in perinatally bereaved mothers (N = 121) up to 5 years postbereavement. The presence of complicated grief scores in the clinical range was 12.4%, which is higher than in many other bereaved populations, and the presence of other living children may protect against the development of complicated grief symptoms. The majority of the women were able to negotiate a perinatal loss without developing complicated grief however, there remains an important group of women who up to 5 years later score in the clinical range for complicated grief symptoms.
Correction: Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 21-11-2020
Abstract: xcess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. This 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing c aign (LiveLighter). All eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. Enrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. Tailored email feedback provided to in iduals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369 www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325& isReview=true.
Does the CSM really provide a consistent framework for understanding self-management?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2017
Predicting adolescent breakfast consumption in the UK and Australia using an extended theory of planned behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2012.11.021
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) with the addition of risk awareness could predict breakfast consumption in a s le of adolescents from the UK and Australia. It was hypothesised that the TPB variables of attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC) would significantly predict intentions, and that inclusion of risk perception would increase the proportion of variance explained. Secondly it was hypothesised that intention and PBC would predict behaviour. Participants were recruited from secondary schools in Australia and the UK. A total of 613 participants completed the study (448 females, 165 males mean=14years ±1.1). The TPB predicted 42.2% of the variance in intentions to eat breakfast. All variables significantly predicted intention with PBC as the strongest component. The addition of risk made a small but significant contribution to the prediction of intention. Together intention and PBC predicted 57.8% of the variance in breakfast consumption.
Investigating the predictors of safe food handling among parents of young children in the USA
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Knowledge of school nurses in the U.K. regarding sexual health education.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1177/10598405060220060701
Abstract: In the U.K., a current government health strategy indicates that school nurses should be key contributors to sexual health education because they have access to the school-age population. However, there appears to be little research that investigates whether school nurses are the most appropriate health care professionals or indeed have sufficient knowledge to contribute to this topic in the schools. The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual health knowledge of school nurses, using a survey to assess school nurses employed in a large central region of the U.K. The results suggest that although their general knowledge of the topic was adequate, school nurses have insufficient knowledge to effectively teach about sexually transmitted infections or emergency contraception. This has implications for school nursing because it appears that school nurses may have inadequate knowledge about sexual health to contribute to sex education in schools.
Male and female nursing applicants' attitudes and expectations towards their future careers in nursing
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2008
Abstract: This paper investigates the assumption that men have a greater opportunity for career success in the nursing profession than women. This study investigates, through the use of a questionnaire, the attitudes and future expectations of male and female in iduals attending interviews to enter a pre-registration nursing course. The results from the questionnaires were analysed using both descriptive and inferential methods of analysis, and the findings were discussed in relation to the existing research. In only two of the items, significant differences were found between male and female nursing applicants' attitudes and expectations towards their future careers. The results of this study indicate that it is unlikely to be the in idual differences between males and females that determine their career progress, and instead it is more likely to be the organisational barriers within the health service or changes in expectations that are continuing to slow the career progress of female nurses. The results from this study have many implications for recruitment to nurse education programmes for men and women within nursing and the health service organisation as a whole.
A vicious cycle among cognitions and behaviors enhancing risk for eating disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2017
Hygienic food handling behaviours. An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2009.01.007
Abstract: It is estimated that 5.4 million Australians get sick annually from eating contaminated food and that up to 20% of this illness results from food handling behaviour. A study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) including past behaviour in predicting safe food handling intention and behaviour. One hundred and nine participants completed questionnaires regarding their attitudes, perceived behavioural control (PBC), subjective norm, intentions and past behaviour. Behaviour was measured 4 weeks later. The TPB predicted a high proportion of variance in both intentions and behaviour, and past behaviour/habit was found to be the strongest predictor of behaviour. The results of the present study suggest interventions aimed at increasing safe food handling intentions should focus on the impact of normative influences and perceptions of control over their food handling environment whereas interventions to change actual behaviour should attempt to increase hygienic food handling as a habitual behaviour.
Design and Development of a Digital Weight Management Intervention (ToDAy): Qualitative Study
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 09-09-2020
DOI: 10.2196/17919
Abstract: The Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) study aims to build on the c aign by adding a digital intervention with the potential to provide wide-reaching, cost-effective weight management support. The ToDAy study aims to build a tailored intervention using mobile technology to improve diet and physical activity behaviours in adults with overweight and obesity. The main objectives were to identify behavior change techniques for diet and physical activity (PA) change for weight loss and explore preferences for digital intervention features that would be effective in changing diet and PA behaviors. This qualitative study uses the principles of a person-based approach to intervention development the behavioral intervention technology framework and the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) framework. Focus groups and telephone interviews were conducted with 56 adults in Western Australia. Open-ended questions and ex le intervention features were used to explore the usability and acceptability of the self-monitoring tools, knowledge about effective weight-loss strategies, and acceptability of tailored feedback. Findings from the focus groups and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Qualitative findings revealed an awareness of key public health messages but a lack of confidence in how to perform these behaviors to help manage their weight. A total of 4 major themes were identified and mapped to the domains of the COM-B framework: (1) misinformation, (2) environmental support, (3) social norms, and (4) confidence. This study explores users’ capability, opportunity, and motivation to perform the target behaviors for weight loss. The findings suggested that a digital weight management intervention using a mobile food record and activity trackers to inform tailored feedback may be acceptable and feasible. Participants expressed a preference for simple expert advice, digital self-monitoring tools, and visual feedback. RR2-10.2196/12782
The subjective experience of habit captured by self-report indexes may lead to inaccuracies in the measurement of habitual action
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-12-2014
Food knowledge and psychological state predict adherence to a gluten‐free diet in a survey of 5310 Australians and New Zealanders with coeliac disease
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-05-2018
DOI: 10.1111/APT.14791
Abstract: A gluten-free diet treats coeliac disease, but its efficacy depends on strict adherence. A variety of patient factors may influence adherence but have not been well described at a population level. To comprehensively assess the patient factors that influence gluten-free diet adherence in patients with coeliac disease. Patients with coeliac disease completed an online survey comprising the validated Celiac Dietary Adherence Test in addition to data on demographics, details of diagnosis and management and assessment of diet knowledge, quality of life and psychological distress. Survey data were analysed for predictors of adherence and quality of life. Of 7393 responses, 5310 completed the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test and 3230 (61%) were adherent to a gluten-free diet. Multivariate regression showed older age, being male, symptoms after gluten ingestion, better food knowledge and lower risk of psychological distress were independent predictors of adherence (each P ≤ 0.008). Additionally, dietary adherence was associated with better quality of life (P < 0.001 multiple regression). Respondents who considered themselves to have poor food knowledge were more likely to incorrectly identify gluten-free foods, but could still recognise gluten-containing foods, suggesting that poor knowledge may lead to over-restriction of diet. Poor knowledge of a gluten-free diet and psychological wellbeing were independent modifiable risk factors for inadequate adherence to a gluten-free diet in patients with coeliac disease. Involvement of both a dietitian and mental health care professional, in the presence of psychological distress, is likely to be necessary to improve adherence and health outcomes.
The role of self-regulation in predicting sleep hygiene in university students
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2012.701756
Abstract: University students have poor sleep hygiene, leading to poorer health. Facets of self-regulation such as planning, behavioural inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory were explored in relation to three sleep hygiene behaviours: Avoiding stress or anxiety before bed, avoiding going to bed hungry or thirsty, and making the bedroom restful. One hundred and thirty-seven participants took part in an Internet-based survey over two time points separated by a period of two weeks. Only cognitive flexibility and behavioural inhibition correlated with sleep hygiene. Cognitive flexibility significantly predicted an aspect of sleep hygiene after controlling for past behaviour. However, when past behaviour was controlled for, behavioural inhibition no longer predicted sleep hygiene. Thus, cognitive flexibility may play a role in explaining sleep hygiene however, behavioural inhibition does not appear as important as previously assumed. Further research could build on this study to determine whether cognitive flexibility can be experimentally improved.
Improving safe food-handling practices by increasing self-efficacy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Reward and Cognition: Integrating Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Drinking Behavior
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-02-2015
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1005315
Abstract: Both Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Social Cognitive Theory have been applied to understanding drinking behavior. We propose that theoretical relationships between these models support an integrated approach to understanding alcohol use and misuse. We aimed to test an integrated model in which the relationships between reward sensitivity and drinking behavior (alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and symptoms of dependence) were mediated by alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Online questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest were completed by 443 Australian adults (M age = 26.40, sd = 1.83) in 2013 and 2014. Path analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects and implicated two pathways to drinking behavior with differential outcomes. Drinking refusal self-efficacy both in social situations and for emotional relief was related to alcohol consumption. Sensitivity to reward was associated with alcohol-related problems, but operated through expectations of increased confidence and personal belief in the ability to limit drinking in social situations. Conversely, sensitivity to punishment operated through negative expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy for emotional relief to predict symptoms of dependence. Two pathways relating reward sensitivity, alcohol expectancies, and drinking refusal self-efficacy may underlie social and dependent drinking, which has implications for development of intervention to limit harmful drinking.
Understanding the predictors of medication adherence: applying temporal self-regulation theory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-07-2021
The role of environmental cues in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption using a temporal self-regulation theory framework
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2021.105828
Abstract: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is related to adverse health outcomes such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes. The present research further examined the utility of the temporal self-regulation theory in predicting sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. In addition, the research aimed to identify salient cues that trigger intake. Two-hundred and eighty-seven participants were recruited using convenience s ling in US and Australian populations. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used, and the final model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in consumption, providing partial support for the temporal self-regulation theory (ƒ
Can temporal self-regulation theory and its constructs predict medication adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-2023
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2127831
Abstract: The relationships between temporal self-regulation theory (TST) constructs (intention, behavioural prepotency and self-regulatory capacity) and medication adherence should be established before further applying the theory to adherence. Searches of PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were conducted in 2019 (updated November 2021). Studies had to be original quantitative research, assessed the relationship between one of the constructs and adherence in one illness, and used an adult population. The risk of bias was assessed using the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Three meta-analyses were conducted using
Gluten free diet adherence in coeliac disease. The role of psychological symptoms in bridging the intention-behaviour gap
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2012.11.001
Abstract: This study examined the potential role of psychological symptoms in limiting the translation of positive intention into strict gluten free diet (GFD) adherence in coeliac disease (CD) within a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework. It was hypothesised that participants with more symptomatic psychological profiles would exhibit poorer adherence, primarily in the context of positive intentions. Coeliac disease participants (N=390) completed online measures of gluten free diet adherence, psychological symptoms, coping behaviour, and TPB items. Intention and behaviour were moderately correlated, confirming the existence of the intention-behaviour gap. Psychological symptoms accounted for additional variance over and above TPB variables in GFD adherence but not intention. Participants who failed to act on their positive intentions displayed more psychological symptoms and greater reliance on maladaptive coping strategies than those with consistent intention-behaviour relationships (p<.01). The heightened incidence of psychological symptoms in CD has a small but significant negative impact on the ability to translate positive intentions into strict adherence. Directions for future research including interventions to improve GFD adherence are discussed.
An application of the theory of planned behavior—a randomized controlled food safety pilot intervention for young adults.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1037/A0025852
Abstract: Approximately 48 million Americans are affected by foodborne illness each year. Evidence suggests that the application of health psychology theory to food safety interventions can increase behaviors that reduce the incidence of illness such as adequately keeping hands, surfaces and equipment clean. This aim of this pilot study was to be the first to explore the effectiveness of a food safety intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Young adult participants (N = 45) were randomly allocated to intervention, general control or mere measurement control conditions. Food safety observations and TPB measures were taken at baseline and at 4-week follow-up. Within and between group differences on target variables were considered and regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between condition, behavior and the TPB intention constructs attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC). TPB variables at baseline predicted observed food safety behaviors. At follow-up, the intervention led to significant increases in PBC (p = .024) and observed behaviors (p = .001) compared to both control conditions. Furthermore, correlations were found between observed and self-reported behaviors (p = .008). The pilot intervention supports the utility of the TPB as a method of improving food safety behavior. Changes in TPB cognitions appear to be best translated to behavior via behavioral intentions and PBC. Further research should be conducted to increase effectiveness of translating TPB variables to food safety behaviors. The additional finding of a correlation between self-reported and observed behavior also has implications for future research as it provides evidence toward the construct validity of self-reported behavioral measures.
Training Australian dietitians in behaviour change techniques through educational workshops: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-06-2023
DOI: 10.2196/49723
A randomised controlled trial of a theory of planned behaviour to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Fresh Facts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.03.006
Abstract: Young adults are less likely than other adults to consume fruit and vegetables. Fresh Facts is a theory of planned behaviour based intervention designed to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. The present study sought to evaluate Fresh Facts using a randomised controlled trial. Australian young adults (n = 162) were allocated to the Fresh Facts intervention or to the control group in 2011. Intervention participants received automated email messages promoting fruit and vegetable consumption every 3 days over the course of the 1 month intervention. Messages targeted attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. Theory of planned behaviour variables and fruit and vegetable intake were measured at baseline and post-intervention (Day 30). Significant increases in attitude and subjective norm relative to control were found among Fresh Facts participants. However, intention, perceived behavioural control and fruit and vegetable consumption did not change as a result of the intervention. Changes in intention reported by each participant between baseline and follow-up were not correlated with corresponding changes in fruit and vegetable consumption. Fresh Facts was not successful in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Current evidence does not support the use of the theory of planned behaviour in the design of interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake in this population.
Predicting what mothers feed their preschoolers: Guided by an extended theory of planned behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2019.03.011
Abstract: Healthy eating behaviours are important for physical and mental well-being and developing healthy eating behaviours early in life is important. As parents are the main providers of preschool children's food the main objective of this study was to use the theory of planned behaviour, expanded to include habit and past behaviour, to predict parents' healthy feeding intention and behaviour. Theory of planned behaviour, habit strength, and past behaviour were reported at baseline by 443 mothers. One week later, 235 mothers completed a healthy feeding questionnaire on the eating behaviours of their 2-4 year old child. Data were analysed using hierarchical regression analyses to predict parent's general healthy feeding behaviour, and five sub-behaviours: parents' perceptions of their child's fruit and vegetable consumption, healthy and unhealthy snacking behaviour, as well as healthy and unhealthy drinking behaviour. Intention, perceived behavioural control, habit strength and past behaviour were all positively associated with parents' general healthy feeding (47% explained variance). Perceived behavioural control was the only variable positively associated with mothers' perception of their child's fruit and vegetable consumption and unhealthy snacking behaviour. The theory did not explain the other behaviours. Moreover, habit strength only strengthened the intention-behaviour link for fruit and vegetable consumption and child's age was only positively associated with the mothers' perception of their child's unhealthy snacking behaviour. The findings suggest important differences in the predictors of different feeding behaviours that can provide direction for future intervention development.
Consequences of Play: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-11-2012
Predicting food hygiene. An investigation of social factors and past behaviour in an extended model of the Health Action Process Approach.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2009.09.018
Abstract: The current study uses an extended version of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) to predict food safety behaviour. Two hundred and fifty-nine participants completed a questionnaire assessing variables of HAPA as well as additional predictors including: risk awareness, outcome expectancy, action self-efficacy, subjective norm, social support, past behaviour, and intention. One week later, participants returned a follow up questionnaire measuring their planning, maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, social support and behaviour. Regressions were utilised to predict variances in intention, planning and behaviour. The original HAPA model predicted 30.8% of the variance in intention and 17% of the variance in behaviour, confirming the suitability of the HAPA to predict food safety behaviour. The HAPA constructs also predicted 17.2% of variance in planning. The extended version of the model significantly increased the proportion of variance explained to 54.3% and 38.8% of variance in intention and behaviour respectively. The HAPA was able to predict intention and behaviour comparably to other studies. The additional variables revealed intention to adopt food safety behaviours is partially dependent on parents of in iduals, and behaviour is habitual in nature, explaining the low predictive power of planning. The current study sheds light on the behaviour and suggests possible ways to design interventions. Interventions should focus on the habitual nature of the behaviour, thus implementing new correct habits. This study aimed to bolster the lack of studies using the HAPA to model food safety behaviour. This study also aimed to include additional variables into HAPA to increase the amount of predicted variance in intention and behaviour.
Accuracy and Cost-effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Dietary Assessment Comparing the Automated Self-administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24, and an Image-Assisted Mobile Food Record 24-Hour
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 13-08-2021
Abstract: he assessment of dietary intake underpins population nutrition surveillance and nutritional epidemiology and is essential to inform effective public health policies and programs. Technological advances in dietary assessment that use images and automated methods have the potential to improve accuracy, respondent burden, and cost however, they need to be evaluated to inform large-scale use. he aim of this study is to compare the accuracy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of 3 technology-assisted 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) methods relative to observed intake across 3 meals. sing a controlled feeding study design, 24HR data collected using 3 methods will be obtained for comparison with observed intake. A total of 150 healthy adults, aged 18 to 70 years, will be recruited and will complete web-based demographic and psychosocial questionnaires and cognitive tests. Participants will attend a university study center on 3 separate days to consume breakfast, lunch, and dinner, with unobtrusive documentation of the foods and beverages consumed and their amounts. Following each feeding day, participants will complete a 24HR process using 1 of 3 methods: the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24, or the Image-Assisted mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall. The sequence of the 3 methods will be randomized, with each participant exposed to each method approximately 1 week apart. Acceptability and the preferred 24HR method will be assessed using a questionnaire. Estimates of energy, nutrient, and food group intake and portion sizes from each 24HR method will be compared with the observed intake for each day. Linear mixed models will be used, with 24HR method and method order as fixed effects, to assess differences in the 24HR methods. Reporting bias will be assessed by examining the ratios of reported 24HR intake to observed intake. Food and beverage omission and intrusion rates will be calculated, and differences by 24HR method will be assessed using chi-square tests. Psychosocial, demographic, and cognitive factors associated with energy misestimation will be evaluated using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. The financial costs, time costs, and cost-effectiveness of each 24HR method will be assessed and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance tests. articipant recruitment commenced in March 2021 and is planned to be completed by the end of 2021. his protocol outlines the methodology of a study that will evaluate the accuracy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of 3 technology-enabled dietary assessment methods. This will inform the selection of dietary assessment methods in future studies on nutrition surveillance and epidemiology. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621000209897 p9fpf2s ERR1-10.2196/32891
Exploring quality of life in Australian adults during a pandemic
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12144-022-03831-3
Abstract: Many aspects of society changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many in iduals experienced the introduction of travel bans and restrictions, COVID-19 related anxiety, greater risk to their health and an increased need for adaptive coping. Research has shown health-related quality of life was negatively affected during the time. However, the influence that these restrictions and experiences had on other various quality of life domains (physical, psychological, environmental, and social) is not yet known. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationships between COVID-19-related variables, health variables, psychological variables and five domains of quality of life in Australian adults. Data was collected via cross-sectional online surveys from 264 Australian participants ( M age = 29.76 years, SD = 12.40). Five hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. The findings showed better adaptive coping, decreased COVID-19 anxiety, and lower perceived health risk were all associated with better quality of life during this time. Neither having travel plans during 2020–2021 nor engaging in compensatory behaviours were associated with quality of life. During times of uncertainty, such as pandemics, natural disasters or war, providing anxiety-reducing coping strategies may be beneficial for reducing the negative impacts on quality of life. In line with these findings and similar research, we have provided several directions and recommendations for governments and media organisations for when future events, similar to COVID-19, occur.
Dissemination of an Online Theory-Based Intervention to Improve Gluten-Free Diet Adherence in Coeliac Disease: the Relationship Between Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Attrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-014-9416-4
Abstract: Both acceptability and behaviour change data provide important information about the likelihood of success of an intervention when disseminated outside the research context. Despite this, few studies have combined such data for use in ongoing intervention development. To assess the acceptability and feasibility of an online intervention to improve gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence in coeliac disease, and to examine the relationships with participant characteristics, attrition, and effectiveness to inform ongoing intervention developments to ultimately reduce attrition and improve the reach and effectiveness of the programme. All participants completed measures of GFD adherence, theory of planned behaviour variables, psychological symptoms, and demographic and disease characteristics. Acceptability and feasibility ratings were obtained at the conclusion of each of the six intervention modules. Chi-square analyses were used to examine differences between completers and non-completers, and Spearman's correlations were used to determine the relationships between participant characteristics, effectiveness, and acceptability and feasibility. Participants who rated the early modules less favourably were more likely to drop-out of the intervention. Acceptability and feasibility ratings were also associated with the presence of psychological symptoms, use of adaptive coping strategies, GFD duration, and attitude change. The findings suggest that changes to the structure and implementation of the intervention may be useful in minimising attrition and maximising effectiveness for future dissemination in a wider coeliac disease population.
Knowledge and attitudes of secondary school teachers regarding sexual health education in England
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2007
Young people and sexual risk-taking behaviour in Central England
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/SH08090
Abstract: Background: Sexually transmissible infections and the rate of teenage pregnancy in the UK are among the highest in the industrialised world. Research has suggested that high rates of risk-taking behaviours may account for the concerning increase in the rates of sexually transmissible infections and higher rates of teenage pregnancy in the UK. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis investigated the sexual risk-taking behaviours of a group of sexually active 12–15-year-old school pupils from a single county in Central England (n = 493). Data were analysed to investigate the sexual risk activity of adolescents, urban/rural location, and gender. Results: In this s le, rural students were more likely than their urban counterparts to have used drugs or alcohol the first time they had sex. Female students were more likely than male students to report ever having had sex without contraception. Male students were more likely than female students to have ever had a one night stand. Conclusions: As expected there were differences in sexual risk-taking behaviour between pupils in urban and rural locations, and males and females. In most cases these differences were consistent with previous research on general trends, with a few exceptions that can be meaningfully interpreted using previous research in this area. In future, researchers may wish to investigate the underlying factors that determine these differences in risk-taking behaviour.
Psychopathology and Neurocognition in the Era of the p-Factor: The Current Landscape and the Road Forward
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-06-2021
DOI: 10.3390/PSYCHIATRYINT2030018
Abstract: Neurocognitive abilities have frequently been claimed to be involved in the aetiology of psychopathology. Neurocognitive deficits have been reported across many disorders, and theoretical perspectives associate these deficits to the onset and maintenance of the symptomology. Recently, the heterogeneity of symptoms, and comorbidity of disorders, have motivated the development of structural models of psychopathology. Structural models indicate that factors such as internalising, externalising, thought disorder and the p-factor account for a wide variety of symptomology. It is unclear how neurocognitive abilities are best examined within these structures to advance our understanding of psychopathology. In this paper, we use Caspi et al.’s seminal writings as a framework to describe how neurocognitive abilities have been previously associated with categorical disorders and recently associated, and claimed to drive, the factors of psychopathology. We discuss the implications of the p-factor as a substantive construct or statistical artefact, and how this impacts the exploration of neurocognitive abilities and psychopathology. Further, we provide the case for alternative structural approaches, describe an innovative hypothesis of neurocognitive functioning, the multidimensional hypothesis, and explain how this may further our understanding of the heterogeneity of neurocognitive performance and psychopathology at the in idual level. Finally, we provide a road forward for the future examination of neurocognitive abilities in psychopathology.
Association between pornography use and sexual risk behaviors in adult consumers: A systematic review
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2015
Abstract: The purpose of this review was to determine whether an association exists between sexual risk behaviors and pornography consumption. Consumption of pornography is common, yet research examining its link with sexual risk behaviors is in its infancy. Indicators of sexual risk behavior, including unsafe sex practices and a higher number of sexual partners, have been linked to poor health outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and CINAHL. Studies were included if they assessed the association between pornography use and indicators of sexual risk behaviors in an adult population. A total of 17 were included in the review, and all were assessed for research standards using the Quality Index Scale. For both Internet pornography and general pornography, links with greater unsafe sex practices and number of sexual partners were identified. Limitations of the literature, including low external validity and poor study design, restrict the generalizability of the findings. Accordingly, replication and more rigorous methods are recommended for future research.
Diagnosis telling in people with psychosis
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2014
The role of executive function in bridging the intention-behaviour gap for binge-drinking in university students
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2011.05.012
Abstract: Alcohol consumption contributes to a significant proportion of disease and the high prevalence amongst young adults is a worldwide health concern. To determine which aspects of executive function (EF) distinguish binge-drinkers from non binge-drinkers and to establish the role of EF in predicting behaviour. Self-report questionnaires, four tests of self-regulation and a behaviour measure were administered to 153 students. The Theory of Planned Behaviour model was significant in predicting both intentions and behaviour. Although binge-drinkers and non binge-drinkers were found to differ on three of the four measures of EF, none predicted additional variance in behaviour. Planning ability and inhibition control moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour such that for in iduals who intended to binge-drink, those with high planning ability or high inhibitory control were more likely to avoid doing so. Interventions targeting binge-drinking behaviour should aim to develop planning skills and inhibitory control.
Champion behavior in a community obesity reduction program: Feedback from peers
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-07-2017
Abstract: Current interventions to reduce obesity have limited success. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of successful ch ions (non health professional/community leaders) and to assess how these relate to acceptability ratings of an obesity reduction intervention—the Waist Disposal Challenge. A total of 200 peer participants completed questionnaires. Positive ratings of ch ions’ performance were significantly correlated with perceptions of the success and suitability of the Waist Disposal Challenge. The qualitative feedback concurred that the program prompted weight loss and was a positive social experience which resulted in actual behavioral changes. Selecting suitable ch ions is likely to influence the success of such community health programs.
Using the theory of planned behaviour and prototype willingness model to target binge drinking in female undergraduate university students
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2011.05.010
Abstract: The current study investigated whether binge drinking in female undergraduates could be reduced by the mere measurement effect (MME), and by altering binge drinker prototypes from the prototype willingness model (PWM). Whether willingness added to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was also explored. Female undergraduates aged 17-25 (N=122) were randomly allocated to a prototype manipulation, mere measurement, or control group, and completed two online questionnaires separated by 14-21 days. Controlling for past behaviour, MME group consumed less alcohol than the control group, and this effect was more extreme for those who previously consumed more alcohol. However, the prototype manipulation had no effect. The TPB variables were predictive of intentions and behaviour, but willingness was not. Despite limitations, the MME could be utilised to reduce binge drinking in female undergraduates. The TPB appears to model binge drinking in female undergraduates better than the PWM, implying that binge drinking can be a reasoned behaviour.
Children's perceptions of obesity as explained by the common sense model of illness representation
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 15-02-2011
DOI: 10.1108/00070701111105321
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to qualitatively examine the ways in which primary school children, aged between 7 and 12, perceive various facets of obesity as defined by the common sense model of illness representation (CCM). The study was qualitative in nature. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 33 children on all dimensions of the CSM. Twenty four children were normal weight and nine were overweight. A drawing task formed the methodology for the “identity” section of the interview. Although children identified food intake as a main cause of obesity, almost half did not name sedentary behaviours as a cause of obesity. Duration (timeline) of obesity was regarded by most children as reliant on a person's undertaking of positive health behaviours. Normal weight children were found to list more severe consequences of obesity than the overweight group. It was found that experience contributed to the detailed knowledge of overweight children's perceptions of cures of obesity. Overweight children also spoke of personal incidents of barriers to cures. The findings suggest that the CSMs can be used to classify children's perceptions of obesity. Future childhood obesity interventions can utilise these findings to create c aigns and strategies that are more consistent with children's understandings of this condition. To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has examined children's perceptions of obesity beyond perceived causes.
Reducing alcohol consumption during pre-drinking sessions: testing an integrated behaviour-change model
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2019
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1518527
Abstract: Pre-drinking, the practice of consuming alcohol prior to attending a subsequent event, increases the risk of alcohol-related harm, and is common in undergraduate student populations. The current study tested an integrated behaviour change model to identify the motivational, social-cognitive, and implicit predictors of pre-drinking. University students (N = 289) completed an online questionnaire comprising measures of motivational and social-cognitive constructs related to reducing pre-drinking alcohol consumption and past behaviour, and an implicit association test for drinking identity. Participants reported their pre-drinking alcohol consumption at follow-up, 4 weeks from baseline. Self-reported pre-drinking alcohol consumption. A variance-based structural equation model revealed that few model hypotheses were supported. Although the effects of past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and implicit drinking identity, on follow-up pre-drinking alcohol consumption were statistically significant, the effect of intention was not. Current findings indicate pre-drinking alcohol consumption is associated with past behaviour, perceived behavioural control and implicit drinking identity, and no intentions to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption. The finding raise questions over the validity of applying the integrated model in this context. Interventions should consider these factors and attempt to facilitate the formation of intentions that lead to subsequent behaviour.
Associations between dimensions of self-regulation and health behaviour: Factor analysis and predictive study
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-03-2023
Abstract: Background: Self-regulation predicts optimal adjustment, wellbeing and interpersonal functioning. Aspects of self-regulation are differentially important across behaviour types, but this is not well understood. Further, the erse abilities and measures considered dispute the underlying constructs and assessment methods. This study aims to explore the relevance of self-regulation to various behaviour types and the underlying factors and items reflecting it. Method: Australian participants (N = 692) completed a two-part online questionnaire assessing their self-regulatory abilities at time one, and engagement in one of four health behaviours of varying nature (approach vs avoidance), complexity (onsestep vs multistep) and context (supportive vs unsupportive), and demographics at time two. Data was analysed via exploratory factor analysis to explore the underlying factors and items of self-regulation, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to explore the relevance of self-regulation to each behaviour.Results: Eight factors underlying self-regulation were identified. Self-regulation was more predictive of avoidance, onestep behaviours in supportive contexts than approach, multistep behaviours in unsupportive contexts. Initiatory and inhibitory aspects were more predictive of approach and unsupported behaviours, and avoidance and supported behaviours respectively. But issues regarding behavioural complexity categorisations may influence interpretations of findings across onestep vs multistep behaviours.Conclusion: Behavioural interventions should consider initiatory and inhibitory self-regulation to optimise changing approach and unsupported, and avoidance and supported behaviours respectively. But researchers should clarify behavioural complexity categorisations to better understand self-regulatory influences of simple and complex behaviours. Hence, we may improve synthesis and translation of findings in practical settings.
Can sweet food-specific inhibitory control training via a mobile application improve eating behavior in children with obesity?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12566
Abstract: Consumption of excess sugar, a common energy-dense nutrient-poor food, is a risk factor for obesity in school-aged children. Food-specific inhibition training, where responses to palatable food stimuli, such as sweet foods, are consistently and repeatedly inhibited, reduces sweet food intake in adults. However, no studies have yet examined the effectiveness of inhibitory control training specifically targeting sweet foods among children with high sugar cravings. We examined whether sweet food-specific inhibitory control training (SF-ICT), administered via a mobile app, reduced choice and consumption of sweet foods, and weight in a s le of children aged 7-11 with overweight or obesity and who had high sugar cravings (N = 46). This study was designed as a 2 × 3 between-within design. Participants were randomly allocated to a single-blind design with two conditions: they either received 7 sessions of active or control go/no-go training in which either sweet foods or non-food cues were paired with no-go signals. Participants' weight, sweet food choice, and consumption were measured pre and post-training, and at three-month follow-up. The results revealed that participants in the active group showed a significant reduction in sweet food choice and intake from pre to post-training relative to the control group. The effects of the training on reducing sweet food intake persisted over the 3-month follow-up No significant changes in weight loss were observed. These results provide preliminary evidence that sweet food-specific inhibitory control training (SF-ICT) via a mobile app is effective in modifying eating behavior among children with excessive consumption of sugary foods. Further research is required to clarify under what conditions the benefits of training would expand to weight loss.
Sleep hygiene behaviours: an application of the theory of planned behaviour and the investigation of perceived autonomy support, past behaviour and response inhibition.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2010.551210
Abstract: This study investigated the sleep hygiene behaviour of university students within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB [Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.]), and examined the predictive validity of additional variables including perceived autonomy support, past behaviour and response inhibition. A total of 257 undergraduate students from an Australian university were administered two online questionnaires at two time points. At time 1, participants completed the TPB questionnaire and the Go/NoGo task as a measure of response inhibition. A week later at time 2, participants completed a questionnaire measuring the performance of sleep hygiene behaviours. Multiple and hierarchical regression analyses showed that the TPB model significantly predicted intention and behaviour. Although intention and perceived behavioural control were statistically significant in predicting behaviour, past behaviour and response inhibition accounted for more variance when added to the TPB model. Subjective norm was found to be the strongest predictor of intention implying the importance of normative influences in sleep hygiene behaviours. Response inhibition was the strongest predictor of behaviour, reinforcing the argument that the performance of health protective behaviours requires self-regulatory ability. Therefore, interventions should be targeted at enhancing self-regulatory capacity.
Going “Up” to Move Forward: S-1 Bifactor Models and the Study of Neurocognitive Abilities in Psychopathology
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 05-02-2021
Abstract: Recently, structural models of psychopathology, that address the diagnostic stability and comorbidity issues of the nosological approach, have dominated much of the literature. Structural approaches have given rise to the p factor, which is claimed to reflect an in idual’s propensity toward all common psychopathological symptoms. Neurocognitive abilities are argued to be important to the development and maintenance of a wide range of disorders, and have between suggested as an important driver of the p factor. However, recent evidence argues against p being an interpretable substantive construct, limiting conclusions that can be drawn from associations between p and neurocognitive abilities. Here, we argue for the use of the S-1 bifactor approach, where the general factor is defined by neurocognitive abilities, to explore the association. We use simulation techniques to give ex les of how S-1 bifactor models can be used to examine the relationship, and how the results can be interpreted.
Perceptions of two different alcohol use behaviours in pregnancy: an application of the prototype/willingness model
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-11-2022
Randomised controlled trial of a brief theory-based intervention promoting breakfast consumption.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2010.12.002
Abstract: The present study sought to test the efficacy of a brief theory-based intervention to promote regular consumption of breakfast, and to expand previous results suggesting that the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) can be meaningfully applied to breakfast consumption. A four-armed randomised controlled trial was conducted. Participants (n=349) were allocated to receive either a (1) positively framed attitude intervention, (2) negatively framed attitude intervention, (3) Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) intervention, or (4) control task. Attitude, subjective norm, PBC and behaviour were measured at baseline and 4-week follow-up. All three interventions employed persuasive communication and an implementation intention task. The intervention did not result in expected increases in breakfast consumption, or in changes in attitude, subjective norm or PBC. However, baseline attitude, subjective norm and PBC predicted 39.3% of baseline intention. Baseline intention in turn predicted 33% of breakfast consumption at 4 weeks. Change in breakfast consumption was predicted by change in attitude, subjective norm, and PBC between baseline and follow-up. Despite a lack of intervention effects, the TPB provided a good model of breakfast consumption over the four-week follow-up period. By expanding on previous work investigating breakfast consumption using the TPB, this study provides further support for the argument that that theory based interventions could result in meaningful increases in breakfast consumption.
One p-Factor for All? Exploring the Applicability of Structural Models of Psychopathology within Subgroups of a Population
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-07-2021
Abstract: Structural models of psychopathology have emerged as an alternative to traditional categorical approaches. The bifactor model, which incorporates a general p-factor, has become the preferred structure. The p-factor is claimed to represent a substantive construct or property of the system however, recent evidence suggests that it may be without substantive meaning. If a universal substantive p, and associated specific factors, is to be developed they not only must be applicable and consistent between populations but also must be applicable and consistent within subgroups of a population. This consistency needs to include not only factor loadings but also factor correlates. We used a simulated data approach to explore the applicability and consistency of four popular models of psychopathology to a range of heterogeneous subgroups and examined the consistency of their neurocognitive correlates. We found that only eight out of sixty-three subgroups fitted any of the models with all significant loadings, no negative loadings, no non-positive-definite identification issues, and no negative variance. All eight of these subgroups fit the correlated factors model, none fit the original bifactor model, four subgroups fit the revised bifactor model, and one subgroup fit the single-factor model. Correlates of the factors also varied substantially between the subgroups fitted to the same model. We discuss the implications of the findings, including the implications for the development of universal substantive factors of psychopathology.
Evaluating a nursing communication skills training course: The relationships between self-rated ability, satisfaction, and actual performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEPR.2010.05.007
Abstract: Effective communication is a vital component of nursing care, however, nurses often lack the skills to communicate with patients, carers and other health care professionals. Communication skills training programs are frequently used to develop these skills. However, there is a paucity of data on how best to evaluate such courses. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between student self rating of their own ability and their satisfaction with a nurse training course as compared with an objective measure of communication skills. 209 first year nursing students completed a communication skills program. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and associations between measures were investigated. Paired s les t-tests showed significant improvement in self-rated ability over the course of the program. Students generally were very satisfied with the course which was reflected in both qualitative and quantitative measures. However, neither self-rated ability nor satisfaction was significantly correlated with the objective measure of performance, but self-rated ability and satisfaction were highly correlated with one another. The importance of these findings is discussed and implications for nurse education are proposed.
Two inhibitory control training interventions designed to improve eating behaviour and determine mechanisms of change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.02.022
Abstract: Inhibitory control training has been shown to influence eating behaviour in the laboratory however, the reliability of these effects is not yet established outside the laboratory, nor are the mechanisms responsible for change in behaviour. Two online Stop-Signal Task training interventions were conducted to address these points. In Study 1, 72 participants completed baseline and follow-up measures of inhibitory control, self-regulatory depletion, fat intake and body-mass index. Participants were randomly assigned to complete one of three Stop-Signal Tasks daily for ten days: food-specific inhibition--inhibition in response to unhealthy food stimuli only, general inhibition--inhibition was not contingent on type of stimuli, and control--no inhibition. While fat intake did not decrease, body-mass index decreased in the food-specific condition and change in this outcome was mediated by changes in vulnerability to depletion. In Study 2, the reliability and longevity of these effects were tested by replicating the intervention with a third measurement time-point. Seventy participants completed baseline, post-intervention and follow-up measures. While inhibitory control and vulnerability to depletion improved in both training conditions post-intervention, eating behaviour and body-mass index did not. Further, improvements in self-regulatory outcomes were not maintained at follow-up. It appears that while the training paradigm employed in the current studies may improve self-regulatory outcomes, it may not necessarily improve health outcomes. It is suggested that this may be due to the task parameters, and that a training paradigm that utilises a higher proportion of stop-signals may be necessary to change behaviour. In addition, improvements in self-regulation do not appear to persist over time. These findings further current conceptualisations of the nature of self-regulation and have implications for the efficacy of online interventions designed to improve eating behaviour.
Physical Activity and Transitioning to College: The Importance of Intentions and Habits
Publisher: JCFCorp SG PTE LTD
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.40.2.13
Recovery stories - helpful or unhelpful? A randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2014
An exploration of decision aid effectiveness: the impact of promoting affective vs. deliberative processing on a health‐related decision
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12248
Investigating the role of morningness/eveningness in physical activity engagement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-10-2022
Understanding supplement use: an application of temporal self-regulation theory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1339893
Abstract: Vitamin and mineral supplement use is increasing worldwide. As evidence of the effects of these practices are equivocal at best, it is important to determine why in iduals engage in vitamin and mineral supplement use through the application of a theoretical framework. The aim of this study was to employ temporal self-regulation theory (TST) to establish the determinants of supplement use. A cross-sectional design was used with a s le of 121 in iduals who consume vitamins or minerals as dietary supplements. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the influence of intention, habit, self-control, and the interaction between intention and habit and self-control on the frequency of supplement use. The model accounted for a significant proportion of variance in behaviour (R
Views and experience of communication when receiving a serious mental health diagnosis: satisfaction levels, communication preferences, and acceptability of the SPIKES protocol
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1207225
Abstract: There is limited research investigating how information about a mental health diagnosis is discussed and received. To measure community-based service users' satisfaction and preferences toward receiving news of a serious mental health diagnosis and to assess the acceptability of a diagnostic communication protocol (SPIKES: Setting Perception Invitation Knowledge Empathy Summarizing). A survey was conducted with 101 participants. Participants rated the methods clinicians use to facilitate diagnostic discussions are highly important however, they were not wholly satisfied with their experience. Higher satisfaction was reported if participants were provided with information in a face-to-face meeting (p < 0.001), and if they received supplementary support at the time of diagnosis from additional health professionals rather than only a sole practitioner (p < 0.001). The SPIKES protocol was rated as highly acceptable, with Empathy being rated as the most important feature. This research indicates there were specific areas of communication practices which can be improved within mental health service provision, as a gap existed between participants' desire for support and their experience. Strategies outlined in the SPIKES protocol, and others such as addressing stigma concerns, may prove useful in development of clinician training and service improvement.
A systematic review of the quality, content, and context of breakfast consumption
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-02-2010
DOI: 10.1108/00346651011015953
Abstract: Consumption of breakfast is often associated with important health‐related behaviours. For ex le, skipping breakfast is related to obesity and eating breakfast is also correlated to cognitive, behavioural, and affective components. The purpose of this paper is to review the breakfast eating literature, and investigate the circumstances under which people consume breakfast, what is actually being consumed, and how much breakfast is eaten therefore. This systematic review summarises the results from 24 studies which focus on who is eating what, where, and with whom. All 24 of the included studies are of a self‐report nature, from which nine were analysed from second‐hand survey data. S le sizes vary from 100 to a total of 35,119 with a reported participants' age range from two years old to 70 years of age. Ready‐to‐eat cereal and dairy foods are the most commonly consumed breakfast items across the studies. Between 1.7 and 30 per cent of participants are found to skip breakfast and approximately one‐quarter of the studies report that those with lower socio‐economic status, non‐whites, and females were the groups more likely to omit breakfast. The evidence provided in this review suggests that there is still considerable variation in studies into breakfast consumption. This has implications for future research into breakfast eating if interventions are based on these studies. There are very few systematic reviews detailing the quality, context, and content of breakfast consumption and the lack of consistency in the results show the need for further research to be conducted to find a degree of consistency in how breakfast should be defined and measured.
Predicting discretionary food consumption using temporal self-regulation theory and food reward sensitivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to design a food hygiene intervention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Design and Development of a Digital Weight Management Intervention (ToDAy): Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 30-01-2020
Abstract: he Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) study aims to build on the c aign by adding a digital intervention with the potential to provide wide-reaching, cost-effective weight management support. he ToDAy study aims to build a tailored intervention using mobile technology to improve diet and physical activity behaviours in adults with overweight and obesity. The main objectives were to identify behavior change techniques for diet and physical activity (PA) change for weight loss and explore preferences for digital intervention features that would be effective in changing diet and PA behaviors. his qualitative study uses the principles of a person-based approach to intervention development the behavioral intervention technology framework and the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) framework. Focus groups and telephone interviews were conducted with 56 adults in Western Australia. Open-ended questions and ex le intervention features were used to explore the usability and acceptability of the self-monitoring tools, knowledge about effective weight-loss strategies, and acceptability of tailored feedback. Findings from the focus groups and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. ualitative findings revealed an awareness of key public health messages but a lack of confidence in how to perform these behaviors to help manage their weight. A total of 4 major themes were identified and mapped to the domains of the COM-B framework: (1) misinformation, (2) environmental support, (3) social norms, and (4) confidence. his study explores users’ capability, opportunity, and motivation to perform the target behaviors for weight loss. The findings suggested that a digital weight management intervention using a mobile food record and activity trackers to inform tailored feedback may be acceptable and feasible. Participants expressed a preference for simple expert advice, digital self-monitoring tools, and visual feedback. R2-10.2196/12782
Examining the predictive utility of an extended theory of planned behaviour model in the context of specific individual safe food-handling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.02.033
Abstract: In order to minimise the occurrence of food-borne illness, it is recommended that in iduals perform safe food-handling behaviours, such as cooking food properly, cleaning hands and surfaces before preparing food, keeping food at the correct temperature, and avoiding unsafe foods. Previous research examining the determinants of safe food-handling behaviour has produced mixed results however, this may be due to the fact that this research examined these behaviours as a totality, rather than considering the determinants of each behaviour separately. As such, the objective for the present study was to examine the predictors of the four aforementioned safe food-handling behaviours by applying an extended theory of planned behaviour to the prediction of each distinct behaviour. Participants were 170 students who completed theory of planned behaviour measures, with the addition of moral norm and habit strength at time 1, and behaviour measures one week later. While the influence of injunctive and descriptive norm and perceived behavioural control differed between behaviours, it appeared that moral norm was an important predictor of intention to engage in each of the four behaviours. Similarly, habit strength was an important predictor of each of the behaviours and moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour for the behaviour of avoiding unsafe food. The implication of these findings is that examining safe food-handling behaviours separately, rather than as a totality, may result in meaningful distinctions between the predictors of these behaviours.
Developmental challenges of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The role of eating attitudes, family support and fear of negative evaluation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-06-2014
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2013.808750
Abstract: Young people with chronic illnesses including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at increased risk of developing psychological problems during adolescence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether a relationship exists between developmental challenges of adolescence (eating attitudes, family support and fear of negative evaluation) and psychopathology in adolescents with T1DM, and the nature of such a relationship. Sixty-one adolescents with T1DM completed a series of questionnaires assessing illness beliefs, eating attitudes, family support, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and psychopathology. The study was of a correlational design, and also included a seven-day diabetes management diary in order to collect blood glucose levels over this time. Results demonstrated the relevance of all three developmental challenges. In multiple regression analyses, FNE and eating attitudes independently predicted current levels of depressive symptomatology. Current levels of anxiety were predicted by FNE and family support, but not eating attitudes. The results support the relevance of all three developmental challenges of adolescence to psychopathology in young people with diabetes. These results suggest that in working with adolescents who are having difficulty coping with diabetes it may be beneficial to focus on the developmental issues that commonly face adolescents.
Ethical considerations when using online research methods to study sensitive topics.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1037/TPS0000266
“It's a bit more complicated than that”: A broader perspective on determinants of obesity
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X16001497
Abstract: The insurance hypothesis does not address important factors known to contribute to obesity levels in all persons, not just adult women in the industrialized world. These include psychological determinants of eating behaviours, the decline in physical activity leading to a negative energy balance, the dense built environment, pervasive food marketing, and the increased availability of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food.
Adaption and Evaluation of a Self-Efficacy Intervention for Parental Feeding Practices
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 10-10-2022
DOI: 10.5334/HPB.38
Abstract: Background: A healthy parental feeding program consisting of six sequential modules was developed to improve parental feeding behaviours. The six modules focusing on various parental feeding behaviours were found to be moderately effective in changing behaviour. In this study, one of those modules (the self-efficacy module) was systematically adapted and evaluated using Intervention Mapping (IM).Methods: In a literature review (Study 1), the relevance of self-efficacy as a determinant for parental feeding habits was examined. In study 2, the behaviour change techniques used in the original healthy parental feeding program were analysed and adapted to fulfil the related parameters of effectiveness. In study 3, the effectiveness of the new module was pilot-tested among parents (N= 27). Parents received either the original self-efficacy module (group 1), the adapted self-efficacy module (group 2), or no additional module (group 3/control-group). Parental self-efficacy was measured at baseline, post-intervention and at one-week follow-up.Results: In study 1, self-efficacy was identified as a relevant (i.e., important and changeable) determinant for parental feeding habits. In study 2, parameters for effectiveness of the used behaviour change techniques were added where necessary, and texts were changed to improve understanding. In study 3, both the original and new module appeared to increase self-efficacy compared to the no-intervention control group.Discussion: This study was an attempt to adapt existing behaviour change programs based on theory and evidence. However, we were not successful in changing self-efficacy more as compared to the original module.
Predicting intention and behaviour following participation in a theory-based intervention to improve gluten free diet adherence in coeliac disease
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-03-2015
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1022548
Abstract: To determine whether changes in theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs could predict intention and gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence following participation in an online theory-based intervention designed to improve adherence in coeliac disease. Theory-based process evaluation of the mechanisms of change over the course of a six-week online intervention. Measures of GFD adherence and TPB variables were administered at baseline and follow-up (immediate post-intervention: n = 74 three-month: n = 68 six-month: n = 65). Hierarchical regression analyses using residualised change scores were conducted at each time point (dependent variables: intention and adherence). Baseline intention and GFD adherence were the strongest predictors of follow-up intention and adherence, respectively. Change in attitude accounted for significant variance in intention. Change in intention accounted for significant variance in GFD adherence immediately post-intervention by the six-month follow-up change in perceived behavioural control was the stronger predictor. Partial support for the hypotheses suggests that, for certain behaviours, the TPB may be relevant in explaining the mechanism of action responsible for changes in intention and behaviour following participation in a behaviour change intervention. Additional predictive pathways are also likely to exist and, in the area of GFD adherence, may include habit strength and actual behavioural control.
Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: What uncertainties remain?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2016.05.001
Abstract: The current paper presents a future research agenda for intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which is a transdiagnostic risk and maintaining factor for emotional disorders. In light of the accumulating interest and promising research on IU, it is timely to emphasize the theoretical and therapeutic significance of IU, as well as to highlight what remains unknown about IU across areas such as development, assessment, behavior, threat and risk, and relationships to cognitive vulnerability factors and emotional disorders. The present paper was designed to provide a synthesis of what is known and unknown about IU, and, in doing so, proposes broad and novel directions for future research to address the remaining uncertainties in the literature.
Reducing alcohol consumption during pre-drinking sessions: Testing an integrated behaviour-change model
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 17-07-2018
Abstract: Objective: Pre-drinking, the practice of consuming alcohol prior to attending a subsequent event, increases the risk of alcohol-related harm, and is common in undergraduate student populations. The current study tested an integrated behaviour change model to identify the motivational, social-cognitive, and implicit predictors of pre-drinking. Design: University students (N = 289) completed an online questionnaire comprising measures of motivational and social-cognitive constructs related to reducing pre-drinking alcohol consumption and past behaviour, and an implicit association test for drinking identity. Participants reported their pre-drinking alcohol consumption at follow-up, four weeks from baseline. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported pre-drinking alcohol consumption. Results: A variance-based structural equation model revealed that few model hypotheses were supported. Although the effects of past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and implicit drinking identity, on follow-up pre-drinking alcohol consumption were statistically significant, the effect of intention was not. Conclusion: Current findings indicate pre-drinking alcohol consumption is associated with past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and implicit drinking identity, and not intentions to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption. Finding raise questions over the validity of applying the integrated model in this context. Interventions should consider these factors and attempt to facilitate the formation of intentions that lead to subsequent behaviour.
Alcohol consumption and self-regulation
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2013
Food hygiene knowledge in adolescents and young adults
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 05-01-2015
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to utilise the comprehensive Food Safety Knowledge Instrument to compare food hygiene knowledge across a population of high school and university students in Australia and the UK. – In total, 475 students from secondary schools and universities in Australia and the UK took part in a survey, which included a Food Safety Knowledge Instrument and demographic items. – Food safety knowledge was generally very low. High school students had a mean score of only 38 per cent, while university students just reached a “pass” with a mean of 54 per cent. Demographics accounted for 41 per cent of variance in food knowledge scores. Female gender, being at university rather than high school, and living out of home rather than with parents were associated with greater food knowledge. Residing in Australia rather than the UK and being older were also associated with greater knowledge however, these findings were subsumed by education group. Socio-economic status was not a significant predictor of food knowledge. – Identifying demographic and cultural differences in food knowledge can help to identify at-risk populations to better target in theory and knowledge-based interventions. – This study is the first to apply the knowledge instrument in an Australian population. Understanding the baseline knowledge in this population is an important first step at developing effective interventions for food safety.
My cup of tea: Behaviour change intervention to promote use of reusable hot drink cups
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Reflective and impulsive processes underlying saving behavior and the additional roles of self-control and habit.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1037/NPE0000093
Improving nutrition and activity behaviors using digital technology and tailored feedback: Protocol for the Livelighter Tailored Diet and Activity (TODAY) randomized controlled trial
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-02-2019
DOI: 10.2196/12782
Abstract: Excess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. This 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing c aign (LiveLighter). All eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. Enrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. Tailored email feedback provided to in iduals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369 www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325& isReview=true DERR1-10.2196/12782
Computer-delivered interventions for reducing alcohol consumption: meta-analysis and meta-regression using behaviour change techniques and theory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-04-2016
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2016.1168268
Abstract: The current aim was to examine the effectiveness of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), theory and other characteristics in increasing the effectiveness of computer-delivered interventions (CDIs) to reduce alcohol consumption. Included were randomised studies with a primary aim of reducing alcohol consumption, which compared self-directed CDIs to assessment-only control groups. CDIs were coded for the use of 42 BCTs from an alcohol-specific taxonomy, the use of theory according to a theory coding scheme and general characteristics such as length of the CDI. Effectiveness of CDIs was assessed using random-effects meta-analysis and the association between the moderators and effect size was assessed using univariate and multivariate meta-regression. Ninety-three CDIs were included in at least one analysis and produced small, significant effects on five outcomes (d+ = 0.07-0.15). Larger effects occurred with some personal contact, provision of normative information or feedback on performance, prompting commitment or goal review, the social norms approach and in s les with more women. Smaller effects occurred when information on the consequences of alcohol consumption was provided. These findings can be used to inform both intervention- and theory-development. Intervention developers should focus on, including specific, effective techniques, rather than many techniques or more-elaborate approaches.
Children's understandings of mediated health campaigns for childhood obesity
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 25-05-2010
DOI: 10.1108/00346651011043989
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate children's understandings of the intent and importance of current media initiatives designed to target childhood obesity. Semi‐structured interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis, for the responses of overweight and normal weight children. In total, 33 children were interviewed, 24 of normal weight and nine overweight. They were shown two print and four television advertisements from the New South Wales Health Department web site that were popularly broadcast between 2003 and 2007. Children were then asked if they had seen the advertisement prior to the interview, and their understanding of the intent and importance of the advertisements. Most children in both weight groups recalled seeing five out of the six presented advertisements prior to interview. The main themes identified were “Health Maintenance” and “Illness Prevention” for five of the six advertisements. Overweight children were more numerous in their detection of a health message as opposed to normal weight children, who mostly commented on the safety aspect of advertisement six. Future evaluations of mediated health c aigns should go beyond recording simple recall of c aign material and investigate instead the understandings of target groups. Mediated health c aigns should also specify messages to particular target groups, as they appear to be most likely to facilitate behaviour change. Mediated health c aigns are mostly evaluated quantitatively rather than by qualitative means. In addition, no study has evaluated the views of overweight and normal weight children with regards to these health c aigns.
Self-regulation and the intention behaviour gap. Exploring dietary behaviours in university students.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.10.010
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore whether two aspects of self-regulation (impulsivity and temporal orientation) could reduce the intention–behaviour gap for two dietary behaviours: fruit and vegetable consumption and saturated fat consumption. Australian undergraduate students (N = 154) completed questionnaires (the Barratt impulsiveness scale and the consideration of future consequences scale) and intention measures, and 1 week later behaviour was measured using the Block rapid food screener. After controlling for demographics, intention was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, but the self-regulation measures did not further improve the variance accounted for. For saturated fat, gender was associated with consumption, such that males tended to consume more saturated fat. Intention was significantly associated with consumption, and impulsivity further improved the model such that those who were more impulsive tended to consume more saturated fat. These findings suggest that health protective and health risk behaviours, such as those investigated in the current study, may have different determinants.
Developing a measure to assess motivation and self-efficacy in anorexia nervosa using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2014
Combining motivational and volitional approaches to reducing excessive alcohol consumption in pre-drinkers: A theory-based intervention protocol
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2016
Increasing the frequency of breakfast consumption
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 14-06-2011
DOI: 10.1108/00070701111140115
Abstract: A number of interventions aimed at increasing breakfast consumption have been designed and implemented in recent years. This paper seeks to review the current research in this area with the aim of identifying common features of successful interventions and strengths and weaknesses in the current research methodology. A systematic review of interventions aimed at increasing breakfast‐eating frequency in a non‐clinical s le was conducted. A total of 11 interventions were identified and reviewed of these, only three resulted in an increase in breakfast consumption at follow‐up. The three studies that were successful in changing breakfast consumption all included a psychosocial component that was successful in increasing positive attitudes towards nutrition in the intervention protocol. Many of the breakfast‐eating interventions included in this review have methodological weaknesses, including difficulties in implementing interventions, small s le sizes, and selection biases, which future researchers should consider when designing and evaluating their own interventions. These findings highlight the importance of including psychosocial components in interventions designed to increase breakfast consumption, while also signalling issues that should be addressed when designing and reporting future interventions. This review was the first to investigate the efficacy of interventions aimed at increasing breakfast consumption. The identification of weaknesses in the current body of research, and of successful and unsuccessful intervention practices is an important step in developing successful interventions in the future.
Image-Based Dietary Assessment and Tailored Feedback Using Mobile Technology: Mediating Behavior Change in Young Adults.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-02-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11020435
Abstract: Assessing the implementation of nutrition interventions is important to identify characteristics and dietary patterns of in iduals who benefit most. The aim was to report on young adults’ experiences of receiving dietary feedback text messaging intervention. Diet was captured using an image-based 4-day mobile food recordTM application (mFRTM) and assessed to formulate two tailored feedback text messages on fruit and vegetables and energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and beverages. At 6-months 143 participants completed a second mFRTM and a questionnaire evaluating the dietary feedback. Participants who agreed the text messages made them think about how much vegetables they ate were more likely to increase their intake by at least half a serve than those who disagreed [odds ratio (OR) = 4.28, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.76 to 10.39]. Those who agreed the text messages made them think about how much EDNP foods they ate, were twice as likely to decrease their intake by over half a serve (OR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.12 to 5.25) than those who disagreed. Undertaking detailed dietary assessment ensured the tailored feedback was constructive and relevant. Personal contemplation about vegetable and EDNP food intake appears to be a mediator of dietary change in young adults.
An evaluation of communication barriers and facilitators at the time of a mental health diagnosis: A survey of health professional practices
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-01-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796016001153
Abstract: To examine health professionals’ views and practices relating to the specific barriers to communication that arise at the time of mental health diagnosis, and the strategies used to support in iduals throughout this process. An online survey of the beliefs and practices of 131 mental health clinicians working in different clinical settings across Australia was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis of the items relating to barriers to communication resulted in three latent factors (‘ stigma, diagnosis and risk ’ ‘ service structure ’ and ‘ in idual circumstances ’ such as the person receiving the diagnosis being young, having a culturally and linguistically erse background or being unwell at the time of conversation). Using linear regression it was found that variance in ‘ stigma, diagnosis and risk ’ was significantly explained by whether participating clinicians had medical training, their experience working with serious mental health problems, their confidence handling distress and attitude towards diagnosis. Variance in ‘ in idual circumstances ’ was significantly explained by participating clinicians’ confidence handling distress. The most frequently used strategies to support diagnostic discussions centred on the health professionals’ communication skills, gauging the in idual's perception of their circumstances, responding with empathy, following-up after discussion, addressing stigma concerns, using collaborative practice and setting up for the conversation. Three main areas for health professionals to reflect on, plan for and ultimately address when discussing news with the in idual concerned emerged (‘ stigma, diagnosis and risk ’ ‘ service structure ’ and ‘ in idual circumstances ’). Variations in practice indicate that practitioners should be cognisant of their own beliefs and background and how this impacts their communication practice.
The use and perceived benefits resulting from the use of complementary and alternative medicine by cancer patients in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-7563.2010.01329.X
Abstract: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by cancer patients is growing. However, few studies have examined the perceived benefits and adverse effects resulting from the use of CAM by cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate CAM use by cancer patients and to explore their perceptions of the benefit, safety and efficacy of CAM in general. Oncologists from three university teaching hospitals screened patients for eligibility. Eligible patients (N = 1323) were mailed a letter of invitation with a questionnaire between January and May 2008. Overall 381 questionnaires were returned, showing that 65% of cancer patients used at least one form of CAM. Patients considered taking biological CAM before, during and after chemotherapy. Up to 90% of CAM users believed that CAM provided potential health benefits and less than 3% reported adverse effects experienced from the use of CAM. Most respondents (80%) believed CAM can provide health benefits even when efficacy has not been proven. Most patients (90%) believed that doctors should consider learning about CAM to provide appropriate advice to their cancer patients, and most (83%) indicated they would be happier to accept CAM if it was offered by the hospital. A substantial portion of Australian cancer patients use CAM. Given the limited data on efficacy and safety for most CAM, it may be reasonable to offer CAM within the hospital environment so its use can be monitored and patients can receive more evidence-based care.
Effect of medical Qigong on cognitive function, quality of life, and a biomarker of inflammation in cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-011-1209-6
Abstract: Cancer patients often experience diminished cognitive function (CF) and quality of life (QOL) due to the side effects of treatment and the disease symptoms. This study evaluates the effects of medical Qigong (MQ combination of gentle exercise and meditation) on CF, QOL, and inflammation in cancer patients. Eighty-one cancer patients recruited between October 2007 and May 2008 were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (n = 44) who received the usual health care and an intervention group (n = 37) who participated in a 10-week MQ program. Self-reported CF was measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC-CF) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive (FACT-Cog). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) was used to measure QOL. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed as a biomarker of inflammation. The MQ group self-reported significantly improved CF (mean difference (MD) = 7.78, t (51) = -2.532, p = 0.014) in the EORTC-CF and all the FACT-Cog subscales [perceived cognitive impairment (MD = 4.70, t (43) = -2.254, p = 0.029), impact of perceived cognitive impairment on QOL (MD = 1.64, t (45) = -2.377, p = 0.024), and perceived cognitive abilities (MD = 3.61, t (45) = -2.229, p = 0.031)] compared to controls. The MQ group also reported significantly improved QOL (MD = 12.66, t (45) = -5.715, p < 0.001) and had reduced CRP levels (MD = -0.72, t (45) = 2.092, p = 0.042) compared to controls. Results suggest that MQ benefits cancer patients' self-reported CF, QOL, and inflammation. A larger randomized controlled trial including an objective assessment of CF is planned.
Examining the effectiveness of behaviour change techniques for improving safe egg handling behaviours: A randomised prospective experimental study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Factors affecting acceptability of an email-based intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2014
Determining motivation to engage in safe food handling behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Utility of temporal self‐regulation theory in health and social behaviours: A meta‐analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12631
Abstract: Temporal self‐regulation theory was developed to address an observed intention‐behaviour gap across behaviours. However, a synthesis of studies has not yet been conducted to investigate the theory's utility to explain behaviour and bridge the intention‐behaviour gap. This review aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of temporal self‐regulation theory to understanding behaviour and pre‐registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021253174). Forward citation searches on the original theory publication through Google Scholar until May 2021 identified 37 eligible articles, including, 12,555 participants assessing at least two of the three theory constructs. Random‐effects meta‐analyses assessed the strength of associations between theory constructs on behaviour and random effects meta‐regressions assessed moderators of behaviour. Findings provide support for temporal self‐regulation theory to explain behaviour with very weak (self‐regulatory capacity r = .039, CI = .00, –.07) to moderate (intention r = .331, CI = .26, .40 behavioural pre‐potency r = .379, CI = .32, .44) effect sizes. Further, the strength of associations varied across behaviour types and contexts. However, there was high heterogeneity across studies and some moderating effects could not be assessed due to insufficient numbers of studies assessing interactions. We urge researchers to assess and report interactions for better understanding of the drivers of behaviour to develop effective interventions for positive behaviour change.
Protocol of a randomised controlled trial to promote the use of and increase the adoption of behaviour change techniques in practice among Australian dietitians (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-06-2023
Abstract: roviding education alone in interventions is insufficient for changing behaviour, particularly in health interventions. The upskilling of health professionals can increase capability and motivation towards eliciting change in clients’ behaviours. To date, dietitians have received limited training in this area and have expressed a need for professional development on behaviour change. he aim of the study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of two 2-hour behaviour change workshops on increasing dietitians’ use of behaviour change techniques in practice. Guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour Model (COM-B), we also aim to determine if attendance to these workshops will demonstrate an increase in dietitian’s capability, opportunity, and motivation towards using behaviour change techniques. Lastly, we also aim to determine the acceptability of the training. randomised controlled trial will be conducted, with dietitians (N=140) randomised into the intervention or waitlist control conditions. Participants will complete questionnaires at three time points: baseline (T0), post workshop (T1), and follow up (T2). Primary outcomes include changes in the number of behaviour change techniques used and frequency of use. Secondary outcomes include changes in capability, opportunity, motivation, and preparedness over a 3-month period. Acceptability of the workshops will also be assessed postworkshop. A series of two-way repeated measures ANOVAs will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the intervention over 3 months, compared to the waitlist control at baseline. articipant recruitment will commence in June/July 2023 and will be staggered over a 12-month period. his protocol outlines the methodology of a two-armed randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of two workshops for dietitians in behaviour change. Our results will guide future continuous professional development in behaviour change techniques and could equip health professionals to engaging in opportunistic behaviour change interventions. CTRN12623000525684 www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12623000525684.aspx
Cancer Patient Disclosure and Patient-Doctor Communication of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use: A Systematic Review
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-08-2012
DOI: 10.1634/THEONCOLOGIST.2012-0223
Abstract: After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the danger inherent in nondisclosure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use due to the potential for herb- or vitamin-drug interactions with conventional treatment.Explain the need for greater patient-doctor communication about CAM use in oncology settings in order to maintain patient safety and wellbeing. CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com To explore the nondisclosure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among cancer patients, including reasons for and outcomes from nondisclosure of CAM use, within the context of patient-doctor communication. A systematic review was conducted exploring investigations surrounding the communication of CAM use for patients with cancer published until August 2011. A total of 21 studies were located, which reported a prevalence of CAM use among patients with cancer ranging between 11% and 95% of these patients, 20% to 77% did not disclose their CAM use. The main reasons for nondisclosure were the doctor's lack of inquiry patient's anticipation of the doctor's disapproval, disinterest, or inability to help and patient's perception that disclosure of CAM use is irrelevant to their conventional care. There is some evidence to suggest that patient-doctor communication about the use of CAM was associated with an enhanced patient-doctor relationship and higher patient satisfaction. Although the use of CAM by patients with cancer is high, patients frequently fail to disclose its use to their health professionals for reasons emanating from both sides of the dyadic patient-doctor relationship. Because a substantial proportion of patients with cancer may use CAM and there is potential for herb- or vitamin-drug interactions, further research in patient-doctor communication about CAM is necessary to maintain patient safety and wellbeing. The development of effective interventions to improve the disclosure of CAM use should be an integral part of this future research.
Reduced quality of life in coeliac disease is more strongly associated with depression than gastrointestinal symptoms.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2013.05.011
Abstract: Despite evidence indicating a heightened incidence of psychological symptoms in coeliac disease (CD), the direct link between psychological factors and quality of life (QOL) has received little attention. The purpose of this paper was to compare the relative impacts of psychological symptoms and coping to the known negative impacts of gastrointestinal symptoms and adherence to the gluten free diet (GFD) on QOL. In study 1 (N=390), participants completed measures of QOL, psychological symptoms, coping, several indices of symptom severity, and adherence. Correlations and regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between QOL and the measured variables. Study 2 (N=189) replicated the findings using a validated measure of current gastrointestinal symptom severity and a more comprehensive measure of coping. Across both studies, poorer QOL was correlated with a higher incidence of psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms, greater reliance on maladaptive coping strategies, and poorer GFD adherence. The relationship between psychological symptoms (particularly depression) and QOL persisted when controlling for past (study 1) and current (study 2) gastrointestinal symptom severity. Psychological symptoms and GFD adherence were more strongly related to reduced QOL than gastrointestinal symptoms. The negative impact of psychological symptoms on QOL and adherence suggests that management in CD should include the provision of psychological coping skills, as well as purely dietetic-based strategies to minimise gastrointestinal symptoms.
How can older peer leaders best support motivation for walking in physically inactive older adults? A self-determination theory perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2023
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1994968
Abstract: We aimed to determine what older adults perceive to be need-supportive behaviours of peer walk leaders, drawing primarily from Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Experienced peer leaders ( We conducted semi-structured interviews to identify leader behaviours that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness and analysed the data using framework analysis. We identified eight main themes: eliciting walker interest, acknowledging and adapting to walkers' requirements, ensuring walkers feel comfortable, cared for, and socially integrated, supporting walker confidence, and promoting success experiences. Inexperienced leaders differed from other sub-groups in what they perceived to be supportive behaviours. Future peer leaders could use the identified behaviours to help older adults feel motivated during group walks. New peer leaders can be educated about potential differences between what they describe as supportive and what walkers and experienced leaders perceive as need-supportive behaviours.
Food-related attentional bias. Word versus pictorial stimuli and the importance of stimuli calorific value in the dot probe task,
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.08.037
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to extend previous research on food-related attentional biases by examining biases towards pictorial versus word stimuli, and foods of high versus low calorific value. It was expected that participants would demonstrate greater biases to pictures over words, and to high-calorie over low-calorie foods. A secondary aim was to examine associations between BMI, dietary restraint, external eating and attentional biases. It was expected that high scores on these in idual difference variables would be associated with a bias towards high-calorie stimuli. Undergraduates (N = 99) completed a dot probe task including matched word and pictorial food stimuli in a controlled setting. Questionnaires assessing eating behaviour were administered, and height and weight were measured. Contrary to predictions, there were no main effects for stimuli type (pictures vs words) or calorific value (high vs low). There was, however, a significant interaction effect suggesting a bias towards high-calorie pictures, but away from high-calorie words and a bias towards low-calorie words, but away from low-calorie pictures. No associations between attentional bias and any of the in idual difference variables were found. The presence of a stimulus type by calorific value interaction demonstrates the importance of stimuli type in the dot probe task, and may help to explain inconsistencies in prior research. Further research is needed to clarify associations between attentional bias and BMI, restraint, and external eating.
A Conceptual Model of Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance: The Importance of Cognitive, Empirical and Computational Approaches
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-01-2021
Abstract: Living with obesity is related to numerous negative health outcomes, including various cancers, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although much is known about the factors associated with obesity, and a range of weight loss interventions have been established, changing health-related behaviours to positively affect obesity outcomes has proven difficult. In this paper, we first draw together major factors that have emerged within the literature on weight loss to describe a new conceptual framework of long-term weight loss maintenance. Key to this framework is the suggestion that increased positive social support influences a reduction in psychosocial stress, and that this has the effect of promoting better executive functioning which in turn facilitates the development of healthy habits and the breaking of unhealthy habits, leading to improved ongoing maintenance of weight loss. We then outline how the use of computational approaches are an essential next step, to more rigorously test conceptual frameworks, such as the one we propose, and the benefits that a mixture of conceptual, empirical and computational approaches offer to the field of health psychology.
Impact of Medical Qigong on quality of life, fatigue, mood and inflammation in cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
The mediating and moderating role of planning on mothers’ decisions for early childhood dietary behaviours
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-07-2017
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1351970
Abstract: Examine the roles of action and coping planning on the intention-behaviour relationship for mothers' decisions for their young children's dietary behaviours. Prospective design with two waves of data collection, one week apart. Mothers (N = 197, M Intention was the strongest predictor of behaviour for both dietary behaviours. For healthy eating, intention moderated the indirect relationship between intention-behaviour via planning coping planning was less important when intention was strong. Further, intention was not a direct predictor of behaviour when intention was relatively low. Action planning was not a direct predictor of either behaviour after accounting for intention and coping planning action planning on behaviour was mediated by coping planning (only for healthy eating). Intention was not a direct predictor of coping planning intention on coping planning was mediated by action planning. Neither type of planning predicted discretionary choices. Current findings contribute novel information on the mechanisms underpinning the effect of action and coping planning on the intention-behaviour relationship.
Does the Theory of Planned Behaviour Explain Condom Use Behaviour Among Men Who have Sex with Men? A Meta-analytic Review of the Literature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10461-016-1314-0
Abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore whether the constructs in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, intention) explain condom use behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM). Electronic databases were searched for studies that measured TPB variables and MSM condom use. Correlations were meta-analysed using a random effects model and path analyses. Moderation analyses were conducted for the time frame of the behavioural measure used (retrospective versus prospective). Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control accounted for 24.0 % of the variance in condom use intention and were all significant correlates. Intention and PBC accounted for 12.4 % of the variance in condom use behaviour. However, after taking intention into account, PBC was no longer significantly associated with condom use. The strength of construct relationships did not differ between retrospective and prospective behavioural assessments. The medium to large effect sizes of the relationships between the constructs in the TPB, which are consistent with previous meta-analyses with different behaviours or target groups, suggest that the TPB is also a useful model for explaining condom use behaviour among MSM. However, the research in this area is rather small, and greater clarity over moderating factors can only be achieved when the literature expands.
Neurocognitive Artificial Neural Network Models Are Superior to Linear Models at Accounting for Dimensional Psychopathology
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-08-2022
Abstract: In recent years, there has been debate about the optimal conceptualisation of psychopathology. Structural models of psychopathology have been developed to counter issues, including comorbidity and poor diagnostic stability prevalent within the traditional nosological approach. Regardless of the conceptualisation of psychological dysfunction, deficits in neurocognitive abilities have been claimed to be an aetiological feature of psychopathology. Explorations of the association between neurocognition and psychopathology have typically taken a linear approach, overlooking the potential interactive dynamics of neurocognitive abilities. Previously, we proposed a multidimensional hypothesis, where within-person interactions between neurocognitive domains are fundamental to understanding the role of neurocognition within psychopathology. In this study, we used previously collected psychopathology data for 400 participants on psychopathological symptoms, substance use, and performance on eight neurocognitive tasks and compared the predictive accuracy of linear models to artificial neural network models. The artificial neural network models were significantly more accurate than the traditional linear models at predicting actual (a) lower-level and (b) high-level dimensional psychopathology. These results provide support for the multidimensional hypothesis: that the study of non-linear interactions and compensatory neurocognitive profiles are integral to understanding the functional associations between neurocognition and of psychopathology.
Reducing needle stick injuries in healthcare occupations: an integrative review of the literature.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-04-2011
DOI: 10.5402/2011/315432
Abstract: Needlestick injuries frequently occur among healthcare workers, introducing high risk of bloodborne pathogen infection for surgeons, assistants, and nurses. This systematic review aims to explore the impact of both educational training and safeguard interventions to reduce needlestick injuries. Several databases were searched including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Sciencedirect. Studies were selected if the intervention contained a study group and a control group and were published between 2000 and 2010. Of the fourteen studies reviewed, nine evaluated a double-gloving method, one evaluated the effectiveness of blunt needle, and one evaluated a bloodborne pathogen educational training program. Ten studies reported an overall reduction in glove perforations for the intervention group. In conclusion, this review suggests that both safeguard interventions and educational training programs are effective in reducing the risk of having needlestick injuries. However, more studies using a combination of both safeguards and educational interventions in surgical and nonsurgical settings are needed.
Health-related content in Australian television advertising
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 08-02-2011
DOI: 10.1108/00346651111102892
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the proportions of health‐related content in non‐program time on Australian television, and how this relates to channel, product category, program genre and whether it is an advertisement or public service announcement (PSA). Australian prime time television was recorded across three commercial television stations in Sydney. Non‐program content (NPC) was coded according to the channel, program genre, length of content and product advertised. In total, 44 hours of programming was recorded. Not surprisingly, significant differences were found in the percentage of health‐related content between advertisements (22 percent) and PSAs (67 percent). Again unsurprisingly there was also a significant relationship between the product category and health‐related content ( χ 2 =366.601, p =0.000), but also between health‐related content and program genre ( χ 2 =20.594, p =0.024), particularly situation comedies (31 percent) and sport (15 percent). No difference was found in the percentage of health‐related content between the channels. Differences existing in the amount of NPC across program genre suggest that viewers of programs with high rates of health‐related content in advertising may have higher exposure to product dependant health information. Health information is examined in a general s le without focus on particular demographics or health topics and the role of program genre is investigated.
Perceptions of fruit and vegetable dietary guidelines among Australian young adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2011
Mind the gap: Habit and self‐determined motivation predict health behaviours in middle‐aged and older adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12522
Abstract: Physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption are two key health behaviours associated with the health and well‐being of middle‐aged and older adults. The present research investigated how habit and self‐determined motivation interact with intention to prospectively predict physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in middle‐aged and older adults. A prospective correlational design (two data collection points) was used. A convenience s le of 195 adults completed online questionnaires measuring intention, habit, and self‐determined motivation. One week later, 177 participants (67.2% female), aged 52–87 years ( M = 61.50, SD = 5.90), completed self‐report measures of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption over the previous week. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. For physical activity, the model explained 46% of the variance in behaviour, F (8, 168) = 17.88, p .001 and a large effect size ( ƒ 2 = .85). Two‐way interactions contributed an additional 3.70% of unique variance in physical activity, F (3, 165) = 4.07, p = .008, ƒ 2 = .04. For fruit and vegetable consumption, the model explained 19.20% of the variance in behaviour, F (5, 171) = 8.13, p .001 and a medium effect size ( ƒ 2 = .24). Two‐way interactions did not significantly improve the model, F (3, 168) = 1.68, p = .174. Habit and self‐determined motivation were both important in narrowing the intention–behaviour gap for two key health behaviours, and combining these processes may better inform strategies to support people’s intentions to improve these health behaviours.
Understanding the predictors of hand hygiene using aspects of the theory of planned behaviour and temporal self-regulation theory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-09-2023
Erratum: Predictor's of undergraduates' intention to incorporate glycaemic index into dietary behavior (Nutrition and Dietetics (2009) vol. 66 (54-59))
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-08-2009
An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2014
Does subjective well-being predict health-enhancing behaviour? The example of fruit and vegetable consumption
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-2014
Abstract: – Adhering to the guidelines regarding the consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with positive health outcomes. Subjective well-being has been demonstrated to have a causal influence on positive health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to examine whether subjective well-being could add to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in predicting fruit and vegetable consumption. – A total of 72 undergraduates completed online measures of the TPB variables, subjective well-being components (happiness and life satisfaction) and fruit and vegetable consumption at a single time point. – Subjective well-being made a significant contribution to the variance explained for both intention to consume fruit and vegetables and actual fruit and vegetable consumption (1.7% and 4.3%, respectively). Perceived behavioural control and happiness were found to be significant unique predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption. – The TPB appears a useful model for predicting fruit and vegetable consumption, which is enhanced by the addition of subjective well-being variables. The current study provides direction to future interventions, suggesting that targeting perceived behavioural control and the subjective well-being component of happiness may be useful for improving fruit and vegetable consumption in young adults.
The role of gender and sexual experience in predicting adolescent condom use intentions using the theory of planned behaviour.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-06-2014
DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2014.917624
Abstract: To examine how the prediction of condom-related cognitions, intentions, and behaviour amongst adolescents may differ according to gender and sexual experience within a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework. Adolescents (N = 306) completed questionnaires about sexual experience, condom use, TPB variables, perceived risk, and safe sex knowledge. Significant differences in TPB variables, perceived risk, and knowledge were found males and sexually experienced participants were generally less positive about condom use. Twenty percent of the variance in attitudes was accounted for by four variables specifically, female gender, no previous sexual experience, better safe sex knowledge, and greater risk perceptions were associated with more positive attitudes. The prediction of intentions separately amongst sexually experienced (R(2) = 0.468) and inexperienced (R(2) = 0.436) participants revealed that, for the former group, attitudes and subjective norms were the most important considerations. In contrast, among the inexperienced participants, attitudes and the gender-by-perceived risk interaction term represented significant influences. The results suggest that interventions designed to improve adolescents' intentions to use condoms and rates of actual condom use should consider differences in gender and sexual experience.
Predictors of undergraduates' intention to incorporate glycaemic index into dietary behaviour
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-02-2009
Is ‘a little’ too much?: An exploration of women’s beliefs about alcohol use during pregnancy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-10-2023
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1991342
Abstract: Interventions to address alcohol use during pregnancy need to target underlying determinants of the behaviour. Using the theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical framework, the aim of this study was to identify behavioural, normative and control beliefs regarding alcohol use during pregnancy among a s le of women.
Development, psychometric assessment, and predictive validity of a breastfeeding subjective norms scale among an Australian prospective cohort of first‐time parents
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12648
Abstract: Breastfeeding has a number of benefits for both mothers and their infants. Research has examined the psychosocial influences on breastfeeding, yielding important findings in relation to particular constructs that play a significant role in this vital health behaviour. One such construct is subjective norms. However, there are mixed findings in relation to the role of subjective norms in breastfeeding behaviours. This may be due to the lack of consistent measure of subjective norms across studies. Further, the influence of fathers' subjective norms on breastfeeding continuation remains unclear due to a lack of measurement. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop and assess a reliable and valid subjective norms scale specific to breastfeeding for use among both mothers and fathers. Subjective norms items were developed by researchers in the domain and were tested among 949 couples. Findings indicated that both subjective norms scales had excellent reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. It was also found that both the mothers' and fathers' subjective norms scales tapped into two key structures: breastfeeding in general, and breastfeeding in public. Further, maternal subjective norms were predictive of breastfeeding behaviours but not paternal subjective norms. These findings indicate that the developed subjective norms scales are reliable and valid and capture key elements of breastfeeding subjective norms among both mothers and fathers. Use of this measure in future research can help better understand the role of both mothers' and fathers' subjective norms in influencing breastfeeding behaviours.
The role of self-monitoring and response inhibition in improving sleep behaviours.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-013-9328-8
Abstract: Young adults tend to have poor sleep, which may be a result of poor self-regulation. This study investigated whether manipulating two aspects of self-regulation: self-monitoring and response inhibition could improve sleep behaviours. University students (N = 190) were randomly allocated to complete (1) a self-monitoring sleep diary and response inhibition training, (2) a sleep diary only, or (3) a control questionnaire daily for a period of 7 days. Outcome measures were three sleep hygiene behaviours previously found to be particularly important in this population: avoiding going to bed hungry and thirsty, avoiding anxiety and stress-provoking activity before bed, and making the bedroom and sleep environment restful. Those who completed diary-based self-monitoring successfully avoided anxiety and stress-provoking activity before bed more frequently than control participants, corresponding to a medium effect size, and further development may provide a simple intervention to improve aspects of sleep and other health behaviours. There was no incremental effect of response inhibition training. Modified response inhibition training tasks may be worth investigating in future research.
Consumer food safety education for the domestic environment: A systematic review
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 07-09-2010
DOI: 10.1108/00070701011074363
Abstract: Despite the recognised importance of food safety, a large number of consumers do not practice adequate food safety in the home. Many studies have recommended that education is a key step in preventing food‐borne illness in the domestic environment. However, few educational or psychosocial interventions have been designed and implemented to improve food safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Even fewer of these studies have been subject to rigorous appraisal. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of studies that described and evaluated a food safety intervention in a non‐clinical adult s le. A total of ten studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Outcomes of interest included food safety behaviour, behavioural intention, attitudes, knowledge, microbial transfer and the use of social cognition models. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of the reviewed interventions on these food safety outcomes was somewhat positive however, many gaps remained. For ex le, of the five self‐report behaviour change studies, all reported some significant improvement post‐intervention. However, the percentage of specific behaviours that significantly changed within each study varied between 0.04 and 100 per cent. There were methodological flaws in many of the studies which complicated the interpretation of these results and indicate a need for more research. Future research should include better defined outcomes, longer follow‐up, more rigorous reporting of results and intervention design, the use of randomised controlled trial protocols and utilising health models to have a greater theoretical underpinning to the studies. This paper is the first systematic review examining the effect of psychosocial food safety interventions on behaviour, attitudes and knowledge.
Food healthiness versus tastiness: Contrasting their impact on more and less successful healthy shoppers within a virtual food shopping task
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.11.029
Abstract: A virtual shopping task was employed to illuminate why women who intend to shop healthily are differentially successful in doing so. Female undergraduates (N = 68) performed a modified approach and avoidance task that employed food items differing in healthiness and tastiness, and yielded relative speed to select and reject food items in a stylised supermarket. Participants categorised a food item either in terms of healthiness or tastiness, then pulled (selected) or pushed (rejected) the item using a joystick. Participants showed faster selection of tasty food after categorisation in terms of tastiness, irrespective of the food's healthiness. However, after categorisation in terms of healthiness, only more successful healthy food shoppers showed faster selection of healthy items regardless of tastiness. Less successful healthy food shoppers showed this effect only for tasty food, and displayed faster rejection of food items not considered tasty, regardless of their assessed healthiness. Thus, when participants who reported the greatest gap between their shopping intention and shopping behaviour were judging the healthiness of food items, their speed to select and reject items continued to be influenced by tastiness. This suggests that reducing incidental processing of food tastiness may reduce the intention-behaviour gap in healthy food shopping.
Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the LiveLighter Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 15-11-2018
Abstract: xcess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. his 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing c aign (LiveLighter). ll eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. nrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. ailored email feedback provided to in iduals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369 www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325& isReview=true ERR1-10.2196/12782
Sleep, stress and health: A commentary
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2014
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.2605
HPV Vaccination and the Effect of Information Framing on Intentions and Behaviour: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Moral Norm
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-011-9182-5
Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) known to cause cervical cancer and genital warts. However, making the genital warts aspect explicit may reduce HPV vaccination intention and behaviour due to perceived stigma associated with STIs. This study investigated the effect of differential information framing on intention to receive the HPV vaccine using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and moral norm construct. Female university students were randomised to receive a fact sheet describing the HPV vaccine as: (1) preventing cervical cancer only (n = 81) or (2) preventing both cervical cancer and genital warts (n = 78). A 2-month follow-up investigated relationships between vaccination intention and actual behaviour. No effect of information framing was detected on intention to receive the HPV vaccine, or vaccine uptake behaviour at 2-month follow-up. The traditional TPB components predicted 54% of the variance in vaccination intention (F (3,155) = 61.580, p < 0.001), and moral norm explained an additional 6.2%. Intention predicted a significant but relatively small proportion of variation (9.6%) in behaviour. The HPV vaccine does not seem to be associated with perceptions of stigma related to genital warts, and has broad acceptance among a female university population. This study demonstrates that TPB is suited to investigate HPV vaccination, and has helped clarify the role of moral norm within the TPB.
Can Ego Depletion and Post-event Discussion Change the Way We Remember a Crime?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-07-2015
Closing the intention-behaviour gap for sunscreen use and sun protection behaviours
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2012.745935
Abstract: Two studies were conducted with the aim of closing the intention-behaviour gap for sunscreen use and sun protection behaviours by examining the influence of self-regulatory capacity on the prediction of sunscreen use (Study 1) and self-regulatory capacity and habit on sun protection behaviours (Study 2). Studies were conducted online. Participants completed questionnaires and cognitive measures and then reported behaviour one week later. Questionnaires measuring intention and cognitive tasks measuring self-regulatory capacity were administered to 209 university students. One week later, participants reported behaviour. In Study 2, questionnaires measuring intentions, and habit and cognitive tasks measuring self-regulatory capacity were administered to 178 university students who reported behaviour one week later. Intention accounted for 7.1% of variance in sunscreen use, no measures of self-regulation accounted for variance in behaviour or moderated the intention-behaviour gap (Study 1). Intention, self-regulatory capacity and habit accounted for 56.1% of variance in sun protection behaviours (Study 2). Intention, self-regulatory ability and habit predicted behaviour, while habit moderated the intention-behaviour gap. Interventions aimed at increasing sun protection behaviours should take into account level of intention, self-regulatory capacity and habit. In iduals may benefit from habit formation strategies and self-regulation training.
Psychosocial interventions and quality of life in gynaecological cancer patients: A systematic review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-12-2009
DOI: 10.1002/PON.1443
Abstract: Women with gynaecological cancer are at risk of poor quality of life outcomes. Although various psychosocial interventions have been developed to address these concerns, such interventions have not yet been systematically evaluated in this population. The current review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in women with gynaecological cancers. Relevant studies were identified via Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases (1980 to June 2008), reference lists of articles and reviews, grey literature databases, and consultations with physicians and other experts in the field. Only controlled trials comparing a psychosocial intervention with a control group in a gynaecological cancer population, with at least one quality of life variable as a main outcome, were included in the review. Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Twenty-two studies involving 1926 participants were included. There was substantial variability in study quality and results. Evidence was mixed regarding intervention effects on social and sexual functioning, distress, depression, anxiety, attitude to medical care, self-esteem and body image. Interventions generally did not improve physical or vocational outcomes. There was limited evidence in support of healing touch, whereas information-based interventions seemed largely unable to provide meaningful benefits. Cognitive-behavioural interventions had some positive effects. Counselling appeared to be the most promising intervention strategy for addressing quality of life concerns for women with gynaecological cancers.
Developing habit-based health behaviour change interventions: twenty-one questions to guide future research.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-11-2021
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2003362
Abstract: Habitual behaviours are triggered automatically, with little conscious forethought. Theory suggests that making healthy behaviours habitual, and breaking the habits that underpin many ingrained unhealthy behaviours, promotes long-term behaviour change. This has prompted interest in incorporating habit formation and disruption strategies into behaviour change interventions. Yet, notable research gaps limit understanding of how to harness habit to change real-world behaviours. Discussions among health psychology researchers and practitioners, at the 2019 European Health Psychology Society 'Synergy Expert Meeting', generated pertinent questions to guide further research into habit and health behaviour. In line with the four topics discussed at the meeting, 21 questions were identified, concerning: how habit manifests in health behaviour (3 questions) how to form healthy habits (5 questions) how to break unhealthy habits (4 questions) and how to develop and evaluate habit-based behaviour change interventions (9 questions). While our questions transcend research contexts, accumulating knowledge across studies of specific health behaviours, settings, and populations will build a broader understanding of habit change principles and how they may be embedded into interventions. We encourage researchers and practitioners to prioritise these questions, to further theory and evidence around how to create long-lasting health behaviour change.
Examining Safe Food-Handling Knowledge, Behaviour, and Related Psychological Constructs among Individuals at Higher Risk of Food Poisoning and the General Population
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-09-2023
Self-report and behavioural approaches to the measurement of self-control: Are we assessing the same construct?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Predicting breakfast consumption: an application of the theory of planned behaviour and the investigation of past behaviour and executive function.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2009
Explaining the intention-behaviour gap in gluten-free diet adherence: The moderating roles of habit and perceived behavioural control
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-04-2015
Abstract: Adherence to a strict gluten-free diet is the only treatment for coeliac disease. Nonetheless, many in iduals with the disease struggle to achieve and maintain strict adherence. While the theory of planned behaviour is useful for predicting gluten-free diet adherence, an intention–behaviour gap remains. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of habit and perceived behavioural control in moderating the intention–behaviour relationship in gluten-free diet adherence. A significant three-way interaction was found such that the association between intention and adherence was dependent on both perceived behavioural control and habit. Implications for both theory and intervention design are discussed.
A Habit-Based Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption: the Impact of the Substituted Beverage on Behaviour and Habit Strength
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2020
A randomized controlled trial of an online intervention to improve gluten-free diet adherence in celiac disease
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1038/AJG.2013.47
Abstract: To test the effectiveness of an interactive online intervention to improve gluten free diet adherence in adults with celiac disease. A Randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 189 adults with biopsy-confirmed celiac disease were recruited and randomized to receive the intervention (n=101) or to a waitlist control condition (n=88). Post-intervention data was available for 70 intervention and 64 waitlist participants. Three month follow-up data was obtained for 46/50 completers from the intervention group. The primary outcome measure was gluten-free diet adherence. Secondary outcomes were gluten-free diet knowledge, quality of life and psychological symptoms. Results were based on intention-to-treat analyses. The intervention group evidenced significantly improved gluten-free diet adherence, and gluten-free diet knowledge following the treatment period relative to the waitlist control group. The change in knowledge did not contribute to the change in adherence. These improvements were maintained at 3-month' follow-up. The online program was effective in improving adherence and represents a promising resource for in iduals with celiac disease who are struggling to achieve or maintain adequate gluten free diet adherence.
Are recovery stories helpful for women with eating disorders? A pilot study and commentary on future research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2018
Examining the long-term effects of a safe food-handling media campaign
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Protection motivation theory and pro‐environmental behaviour: A systematic mapping review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJPY.12271
Using the health action process approach to predict and improve health outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S68428
Voice-only Skype for use in researching sensitive topics: a research note
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-02-2022
Assessing the daily association of sleep hygiene behaviours with sleep: A between and within persons approach
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-09-2023
Communication of a mental health diagnosis: a systematic synthesis and narrative review.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-09-2014
DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2014.951474
Abstract: There is limited understanding of the mechanisms used to effectively communicate with service-users about their mental health diagnoses. To conduct a systematic synthesis of studies that present data on the communication of a psychiatric diagnosis. Comprehensive database and manual searches were conducted resulting in the inclusion of 30 quantitative and qualitative papers. The majority of studies were descriptive. The rate of service-users being informed of their diagnosis has increased over the past decade. Consumer communication preferences were not always satisfactorily addressed in practice. In idual characteristics of service-users and clinicians influenced whether a diagnostic discussion took place. RESULTS from intervention studies aimed at facilitating diagnostic communication reported significant improvements in service-user satisfaction and mood and clinician communication skills. This review highlights a gap in the system of communication between clinicians and service-users. To assist clinicians to talk effectively with in iduals about their mental health, communication protocols and training need to be further developed and assessed. Such developments would benefit from well-designed randomised controlled trial protocols, should incorporate service-users' preferences and address stigma-related concerns.
Can personality bridge the intention-behavior gap to predict who will exercise?
Publisher: JCFCorp SG PTE LTD
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.39.1.15
A web-based formative assessment tool for Masters students: A pilot study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
What Accounts for the Factors of Psychopathology? An Investigation of the Neurocognitive Correlates of Internalising, Externalising, and the p-Factor
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-01-2022
Abstract: Neurocognitive deficits have been consistently associated with a wide range of psychopathology and are proposed to not only be a consequence of the development of psychopathology, but also directly involved in its aetiology. However, there is no clear understanding of what neurocog-nitive processes are particularly important to mental health. In this paper we explored the association between neurocognitive abilities and the factors derived from structural models of psychopathology. Four hundred participants from a representative community s le completed measures of symptomology and substance use, as well as 8 neurocognitive tasks. We found a correlated-factors model, with internalising and externalising as the higher-order factors, and a single-factor model, with only the p-factor, were both good fits for the data. Tasks that measured speed of processing were significantly associated to internalising, externalising and the p¬factor, and accounted for significant amounts of unique variance in the factors after accounting for the common variance of the other tasks. Tasks that measured working memory, shifting, and inhibition were not significantly associated to the factors of psychopathology. Our findings suggest that neurocognitive abilities may not be differentially associated with the factors of psychopathology, but that speed of processing is a common correlate of the factors. We emphasise the importance of examining neurocognitive abilities and psychopathology on the in idual level.
Information giving challenges and support strategies at the time of a mental health diagnosis: qualitative views from Australian health professionals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-016-1187-6
Abstract: Communication of a mental health diagnosis can be a difficult process and is a poorly understood area of service provision. The aim of this qualitative study was to examine clinicians' perceptions of barriers and helpful strategies to discussing information about a mental health condition. Qualitative interviews with 19 Australian clinicians (general practitioners, mental health nurses, psychiatrists, and psychologists) working in several settings (community, hospital inpatient, outpatient, accident and emergency) and locations (urban, suburban and rural) were conducted and analysed thematically. After theme saturation was reached, four primary themes relating to barriers and facilitators to communication at the time of diagnosis were identified in the data. Outside a recognised lack of focus on this area in training, themes included (1) engagement and timing of conversations (2) stigma and its reduction (3) perceived and desired knowledge for diagnostic information and (4) working with distress. The synthesis of themes is demonstrated in a flowchart of suggestions for communicating news of mental health diagnosis that tracks the patient journey in receiving information from initial engagement to follow-up. Talking with an in idual about a mental health diagnosis is a non-linear, complex and changeable situation. However, health professionals report using specific strategies to aid this communication process, to meet the specific in idual's needs. Strategies such as tailoring to the person's situation, utilising collaborative practice, effective coordination, and addressing stigma may be useful to inform clinician training and support whilst diagnosis remains a key feature of the mental health system in Australia.
Applying temporal self-regulation theory to identify correlates of soft plastic recycling in Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2021
Exploring Medication Adherence Amongst Australian Adults Using an Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2020
Aggressive and violent incidents: Perceptions of training and support among staff caring for older people and people with head injury
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-04-2004
Behavior Change Training for Health Professionals: Evaluation of a 2-Hour Workshop
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-11-2022
DOI: 10.2196/42010
Abstract: Rates of noncommunicable diseases continue to rise worldwide. Many of these diseases are a result of engaging in risk behaviors. Without lifestyle and behavioral intervention, noncommunicable diseases can worsen and develop into more debilitating diseases. Behavioral interventions are an effective strategy to reduce the burden of disease. Behavior change techniques can be described as the “active ingredients” in behavior change and address the components that need to be altered in order for the target behavior to change. Health professionals, such as pharmacists and nurses, can engage in opportunistic behavior change with their patients, to encourage positive health behaviors. We aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a behavior change workshop targeted at health professionals in Australia, with the goal of increasing knowledge of behavior change techniques and psychological variables. A prospective study design was used to develop and evaluate a 2-hour behavior change workshop targeted at health professionals. The workshop was developed based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior Model and had five core objectives: (1) to detail the role of health professionals in delivering optimal care, (2) to demonstrate opportunities to change behavior, (3) to describe principles of behavior change, (4) to explain behavior change techniques, and (5) to determine the most appropriate behavior change techniques to use and when to use them. A total of 10 workshops were conducted. To evaluate the workshops and identify any potential long-term changes in behavior, we collected pre- and postworkshop data on knowledge and psychological constructs from the attendees. A final s le of 41 health professionals comprising general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists completed the pre- and postworkshop surveys. Following the workshops, there were significant improvements in knowledge of behavior change techniques (t40=–5.27, P .001), subjective norms (t40=–3.49, P=.001), descriptive norms (t40=–3.65, P .001), perceived behavioral control (t40=–3.30, P=.002), and intention (t36=–3.32, P=.002) each had a large effect size. There was no significant difference in postworkshop attitude (t40=0.78, P=.44). The participants also found the workshops to be highly acceptable. A 2-hour, theoretically informed workshop designed to facilitate the use of behavior change techniques by health professionals was shown to be largely effective. The workshops resulted in increases in knowledge, descriptive and subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention, but not in attitude. The intervention was also shown to be highly acceptable, with the large majority of participants deeming the intervention to be needed, useful, appropriate, and applicable, as well as interesting and worth their time. Future research should examine the lasting impacts of the workshop on health professionals’ practices.
Intention to Engage in Alcohol Use during Pregnancy: The Role of Attitudes and Prototypes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-05-2023
The application of the theory of reasoned action to school nurses' behaviour
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-09-2010
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to ascertain how valuable the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) would be in the prediction of the sexual health education behaviour of school nurses. The current government in the United Kingdom has made a commitment to reducing the high rates of teenage conceptions and sexually transmitted infections and emphasise an increased public health role for school nurses. However, there appears to be no research to suggest that school nurses are the most appropriate healthcare professionals to competently assist with sexual health education in schools. In accordance with the TRA, a questionnaire was designed to measure the intention, attitude, subjective norm and behaviour of the group being surveyed. The purpose-designed questionnaire was distributed to all school nurses in a large geographical area in the United Kingdom. All 46 participants who responded were female (as there are currently no male school nurses in the United Kingdom). No demographic data were obtained as it is believed that the components of the model incorporate all information needed. The major components of the model accounted for 43% of the variance in intention and 46% of the variance in behaviour. Results suggest that the model has good predictive utility in this area and could usefully be employed in interventions with school nurses with the aim of modifying their behaviour. This is the first time the TRA has been used in this context, and it has provided some important information regarding school nurse’s intentions to practise in sexual health.
Promising study of the impact of medical qigong as compared with usual care to improve the QoL of cancer patients
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Aggression and violence towards staff working with older patients
Publisher: RCN Publishing Ltd.
Date: 14-03-2007
Going “Up” to Move Forward: S-1 Bifactor Models and the Study of Neurocognitive Abilities in Psychopathology
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-07-2021
Abstract: Recently, structural models of psychopathology, that address the diagnostic stability and comorbidity issues of the traditional nosological approach, have dominated much of the psychopathology literature. Structural approaches have given rise to the p-factor, which is claimed to reflect an in idual’s propensity toward all common psychopathological symptoms. Neurocognitive abilities are argued to be important to the development and maintenance of a wide range of disorders, and have been suggested as an important driver of the p-factor. However, recent evidence argues against p being an interpretable substantive construct, limiting conclusions that can be drawn from associations between p, the specific factors of a psychopathology model, and neurocognitive abilities. Here, we argue for the use of the S-1 bifactor approach, where the general factor is defined by neurocognitive abilities, to explore the association between neurocognitive performance and a wide range of psychopathological symptoms. We use simulation techniques to give ex les of how S-1 bifactor models can be used to examine this relationship, and how the results can be interpreted.
A qualitative exploration of experiences of overweight young and older adults. An application of the integrated behaviour model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.01.006
Abstract: While rates of obesity continue to increase, weight-loss interventions to date have not been hugely successful. The purpose of this study was to explore the specific factors that are relevant to weight control in overweight and obese young adults compared to older adults, within the context of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). A qualitative methodology with purposive s ling was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 young adults and older adults who were currently overweight or obese. The research was informed by thematic analysis. A mixed deductive-inductive approach that was structured around but not limited to TPB constructs was applied. Themes mapped onto the TPB behaviour well, with additional themes of motivation, and knowledge and experience emerging. Differences across groups included motivators to weight loss (e.g. appearance and confidence for young adults, health for older adults), importance of social influences, and perceptions of control (e.g. availability and cost for young adults, age and energy for older adults). Similarities across groups included attitudes towards being overweight and losing weight, and the value of preparation and establishment of a healthy routine. Finally, across both groups, knowledge and confidence in ability to lose weight appeared adequate, despite failed attempts to do so. The different experiences identified for younger and older adults can be used to inform future tailored weight-loss interventions that are relevant to these age groups, and the TPB could provide a useful framework. Additional intervention strategies, such as improving behavioural routine and improving self-regulation also warrant further investigation.
Erratum: Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial (JMIR Research Protocols (2019) 8:2 (e12782) DOI: 10.2196/12782)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 02-12-2020
DOI: 10.2196/25940
Measuring beliefs about gluten free diet adherence in adult coeliac disease using the theory of planned behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.01.026
Abstract: The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to elicit the salient beliefs about gluten free diet (GFD) adherence in adults with coeliac disease (CD) and to design a TPB questionnaire to predict adherence levels. This questionnaire was administered to 265 CD participants with adherence and quality of life (QOL) measures, a GFD knowledge test, and self-reported psychiatric history. Regression analyses were used to test the fit of the TPB in predicting adherence, and to determine the nature of the relationships between adherence, QOL, knowledge, and psychiatric history. The TPB combined with self-reported depression and anxiety, and QOL explained significant variance in intention (41.0%) and adherence (33.7%). Poorer dietary adherence and psychiatric history were also associated with lower QOL. Findings suggest that the TPB provides an adequate model for predicting GFD adherence in CD, and the presence of psychiatric conditions represents a potential intervention target to improve adherence and QOL.
Pathways from uncertainty to anxiety: An evaluation of a hierarchical model of trait and disorder-specific intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety disorder symptoms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2016.12.001
Abstract: Uncertainty is central to anxiety-related pathology and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) appears to be a transdiagnostic risk and maintaining factor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a hierarchical model to identify the unique contributions of trait and disorder-specific IU (i.e., uncertainty specific to generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and panic disorder) to disorder-specific symptoms, beyond other disorder-specific cognitive vulnerabilities (i.e., negative metacognitive beliefs, fear of negative evaluation, inflated responsibility, and agoraphobic cognitions, respectively). Participants (N=506) completed a battery of online questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate model fit, as well as direct and indirect pathways. Trait and disorder-specific IU were significantly associated with multiple cognitive vulnerability factors and disorder symptoms. Indirect effects between trait IU and symptoms were observed through disorder-specific IU and cognitive vulnerabilities. The relative contribution of trait IU and disorder-specific IU to symptoms varied and theoretical and clinical implications are highlighted. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report. Avenues for further research include a need for replication and extension of the model in different s les and using experimental and multi-method research methods.
Predicting heavy episodic drinking using an extended temporal self-regulation theory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2017.04.017
Abstract: Alcohol consumption contributes significantly to the global burden from disease and injury, and specific patterns of heavy episodic drinking contribute uniquely to this burden. Temporal self-regulation theory and the dual-process model describe similar theoretical constructs that might predict heavy episodic drinking. The aims of this study were to test the utility of temporal self-regulation theory in predicting heavy episodic drinking, and examine whether the theoretical relationships suggested by the dual-process model significantly extend temporal self-regulation theory. This was a predictive study with 149 Australian adults. Measures were questionnaires (self-report habit index, cues to action scale, purpose-made intention questionnaire, timeline follow-back questionnaire) and executive function tasks (Stroop, Tower of London, operation span). Participants completed measures of theoretical constructs at baseline and reported their alcohol consumption two weeks later. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple linear regression. Temporal self-regulation theory significantly predicted heavy episodic drinking (R Both temporal self-regulation theory and the extended temporal self-regulation theory provide good prediction of heavy episodic drinking. Intention, behavioural prepotency, planning ability and inhibitory control may be good targets for interventions designed to decrease heavy episodic drinking.
Motivations for volunteering time with older adults: A qualitative study
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-05-2020
Can personality close the intention-behavior gap for healthy eating? An examination with the HEXACO personality traits
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-11-2016
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2015.1112416
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive and moderating effects of HEXACO personality factors, in addition to theory of planned behavior (TPB) variables, on fruit and vegetable consumption. American college students (N = 1036) from 24 institutions were administered the TPB, HEXACO and a self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption measure. The TPB predicted 11-17% of variance in fruit and vegetable consumption, with greater variance accounted for in healthy weight compared to overweight in iduals. Personality did not significantly improve the prediction of behavior above TPB constructs however, conscientiousness was a significant incremental predictor of intention in both healthy weight and overweight/obese groups. While support was found for the TPB as an important predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption in students, little support was found for personality factors. Such findings have implications for interventions designed to target students at risk of chronic disease.
Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: a meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-06-2016
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2014.922895
Abstract: The prototype willingness model (PWM) was designed to extend expectancy-value models of health behaviour by also including a heuristic, or social reactive pathway, to better explain health-risk behaviours in adolescents and young adults. The pathway includes prototype, i.e., images of a typical person who engages in a behaviour, and willingness to engage in behaviour. The current study describes a meta-analysis of predictive research using the PWM and explores the role of the heuristic pathway and intentions in predicting behaviour. Eighty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, the PWM was supported and explained 20.5% of the variance in behaviour. Willingness explained 4.9% of the variance in behaviour over and above intention, although intention tended to be more strongly related to behaviour than was willingness. The strength of the PWM relationships tended to vary according to the behaviour being tested, with alcohol consumption being the behaviour best explained. Age was also an important moderator, and, as expected, PWM behaviour was best accounted for within adolescent s les. Results were heterogeneous even after moderators were taken into consideration. This meta-analysis provides support for the PWM and may be used to inform future interventions that can be tailored for at-risk populations.
An intervention designed to investigate habit formation in a novel health behaviour
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-06-2020
The relationship between maternal fear of hypoglycaemia and adherence in children with type-1 diabetes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-013-9360-8
Abstract: Regular blood glucose monitoring is important for children with type-1 diabetes however, the relationship between maternal fear of hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control is not well understood. The relationship between maternal beliefs about diabetes, concerns about glycaemic control and adherence to recommended blood glucose levels in young children with type-1 diabetes were examined in this study. Seventy-one mothers with children under 13 were recruited, and a prospective design was used. Demographics, maternal self-reported hypoglycaemic fear and illness perceptions were measured at baseline. Self-report daily blood sugar levels were recorded over 1 week, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) blood glucose levels were collected at baseline and 3 months later. High maternal fears of hypoglycaemia were predictive of suboptimal daily glycaemic control (elevated blood glucose levels), irrespective of illness duration or age at diagnosis. The results suggest that mothers who worry most about hypoglycaemia compensate by maintaining their child's blood glucose levels above recommended levels. Elevated blood glucose levels have important consequences for long-term health, and further research could explore ways to target maternal fear of hypoglycaemia.
Knowledge of secondary school pupils regarding sexual health education
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2006
Predicting Perceived Problems in Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recalls: A Quantitative Think-Aloud Study Comparing Automated Self-Assisted 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24®) and INTAKE24© in University Students
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14204281
Abstract: Demographic and psychosocial factors concerning dietary assessment error have been explored, but few studies have investigated the perceived problems experienced when completing dietary recalls. The aim of this research was to (i) compare the perceived problems encountered in two commonly used self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) programs (INTAKE24© and ASA24®) and (ii) explore whether mindful and habitual eating are associated with perceived problems during dietary recall. A randomised quantitative crossover design and think-aloud methodology were employed. Undergraduate university students (N = 55, Mage = 25.5, SD = 8.2, 75% female) completed a food habits and mindfulness questions pre-program, one 24HR (whilst thinking aloud), and a systems usability scale post-program. A week later, they completed the other 24HR (whilst thinking aloud). During a pilot, a coding frame of perceived problems was devised to quantify participants’ perceived problems. INTAKE24© generated significantly fewer perceived problems across all categories compared to ASA24® (17.2 vs. 33.1, p 0.001). Of the participants, 68% reported a preference for INTAKE24© over ASA24®. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that habits and systems usability were significant predictors of perceived problems for INTAKE24© only. No significant predictors were found for ASA24®. The results provide insight into perceived problems people may encounter when using 24HR tools.
The effect of psychological distress on self-care intention and behaviour in young adults with type 1 diabetes
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-01-2019
Abstract: An extended theory of planned behaviour including psychological distress was used to predict blood glucose monitoring in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants completed two surveys, a week apart ( n = 167). Attitudes and perceived behavioural control were significantly associated with intention but subjective norm was not. Intention predicted blood glucose monitoring at T2. Higher scores in psychological distress significantly predicted poorer blood glucose monitoring at T2 but did not moderate the intention–behaviour relationship. Findings demonstrate some concerns with the theory of planned behaviour to predict self-care behaviour, yet highlight the importance of addressing psychological distress in diabetes self-management.
Predicting intention to receive a seasonal influenza vaccination using Protection Motivation Theory
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 30-11-2018
Abstract: Seasonal influenza vaccination rates are below the recommended targets, contributing to significant preventable harms. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), a widely applied model of motivation to respond to threats, may provide some insights into strategies to increase the rate of vaccine uptake. However, previous research has omitted some of the proposed predictors of intention when applying this model to vaccination. This cross-sectional study of 547 US residents assessed the utility of the PMT in predicting intention to obtain the seasonal influenza vaccine. Results indicate that all constructs show significant bivariate correlations in the direction expected from the prior literature. However, examination of the theory within a linear regression model found that perceived costs of vaccinating (response costs) did not uniquely account for variance in intention. All other components, perceived severity of and susceptibility to influenza, the perceived benefits of not vaccinating (maladaptive response rewards), the self-efficacy to vaccinate, and the perceived efficacy of vaccinating in preventing influenza (response efficacy) were unique predictors of intention. Overall, the PMT accounted for 62% of the variance in intention to vaccinate. The study is the first to investigate influenza vaccination using all six theorised predictors of intention from the PMT. The findings highlight the importance of the simultaneous inclusion of all components of the model in assessing their potential utility as targets for intervention. Importantly, the results identify under-utilised constructs in the promotion of vaccine uptake, such as maladaptive response rewards, which should be considered targets for future intervention.
Health behaviours and their facilitation under depletion conditions: The case of snacking
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.03.009
Abstract: Previous research suggests that depletion (the state ensuing from self-control exertion) engenders lapses in health behaviours. The present study tested for that effect in relation to the health behaviour of limiting snacking, and investigated whether health goal-priming might facilitate such health behaviours even under depletion conditions. A laboratory study was conducted involving an analytic s le of 85 undergraduates (mean age = 20.08, SD = 3.96 female: n= 63). Depletion was manipulated by having participants watch a humorous video while suppressing their responses (depletion condition) or remaining natural (non-depletion condition). The activation of participants' health goals was then manipulated by subtly exposing (goal-priming condition) or not exposing (non-priming condition) participants to health-related words in a Scrambled Sentence Task. Finally, snacking was measured using a bogus taste-test. Controlling for initial hunger, snacking was higher among depleted compared to non-depleted participants. Snacking was lower among primed compared to non-primed participants. The interaction between depletion and goal-priming was not significant. These findings suggest that depletion should be recognised as a risk factor for lapses in health behaviours, and that health goal-priming may be a useful technique for facilitating such behaviours even when in iduals are depleted.
A pilot evaluation of appetite-awareness training in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity: a preliminary investigation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2013
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22041
Abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of Children's Appetite Awareness Training (CAAT), a treatment for childhood obesity which encourages overweight children to eat in response to internal appetite cues. Overweight children (ages 6-12 years old) were randomized to either the CAAT treatment group (N = 23), to receive 1-h treatment sessions over 6 weeks, or a wait-list group (N = 24). Weight and height of children and parents in both groups were assessed at pre- and post-treatment (or equivalent time for wait-list control) and at a 6-month follow-up for those in the CAAT group. The intervention had a significant, short-term effect on the BMI of children who participated. Although at 6-month follow-up, children's BMI has not increased significantly, the difference between pretreatment and follow-up BMI was no longer significant. These results are encouraging for the use of CAAT with overweight children. Long-term effectiveness could be enhanced through increasing the duration of the program, adding booster sessions and increased involvement of parents.
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP110100220
Start Date: 03-2011
End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $154,332.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP190101723
Start Date: 06-2019
End Date: 12-2023
Amount: $288,103.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity