ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1971-173X
Current Organisations
University of Wollongong
,
Organisation
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Nutrition and Dietetics | Animal Breeding | Genomics | Public Nutrition Intervention | Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified | Genetics | Quantitative Genetics (incl. Disease and Trait Mapping Genetics)
Nutrition | Expanding Knowledge in the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Application Software Packages (excl. Computer Games) |
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12818
Abstract: When aiming to develop dietary messaging to achieve reductions in added sugar intakes, it is necessary to identify key food contributors. Food contributors are not expected to remain static over time. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the total added sugars (AS) intake and related food sources for adult respondents of two Australian national consumption surveys. Repeated 24-h recall data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (1995NNS, n = 10 851) and the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2012NNPAS, n = 9341) was used to estimate AS consumption. Food group sources of AS were examined per consumer and per capita and the food group predictors of energy provided by AS were determined. A significant difference in total AS intake was identified by age and gender between the surveys (all P < 0.001). Increased variability in food group contributions per consumer was also identified. Nine of the top 20 food groups from the 1995NNS differed (P 40% AS coming from only three food groups. Age-stratified analyses showed that the 'sugar, honeys and syrups' and the 'sweetened beverages' food groups were the top contributors between the surveys up to the age group of 70 years. 'Sugar, honey and syrups', 'chocolate and chocolate-based confectionery,' and 'other confectionery' (all, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of AS intake (1995NNS, r At a population level, food group contributions to AS intakes for Australian adults have not changed substantially over time, yet notable shifts in AS can be seen when targeting only the consumers of these food sources. 'Cake type desserts' appear to be increasingly consumed though 'sweetened beverages' remain a major contributor to AS intakes warranting targeted public health strategies.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-07-2015
DOI: 10.3390/NU7085274
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2016
Abstract: Humans consuming vegetarian-based diets are observed to have reduced relative risk for many chronic diseases. Similarly, regular physical activity has also been shown to assist in preventing, and reducing the severity of these conditions. Many people, including athletes, acknowledge these findings and are adopting a vegetarian-based diet to improve their health status. Furthermore, athletes are incorporating this approach with the specific aim of optimizing physical performance. To examine the evidence for the relationship between consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet and improved physical performance, a systematic literature review was performed using the SCOPUS database. No date parameters were set. The keywords vegetarian OR vegan AND sport OR athlete OR training OR performance OR endurance were used to identify relevant literature. Included studies (i) directly compared a vegetarian-based diet to an omnivorous/mixed diet, (ii) directly assessed physical performance, not biomarkers of physical performance, and (iii) did not use supplementation emulating a vegetarian diet. Reference lists were hand searched for additional studies. Seven randomized controlled trials and one cross-sectional study met the inclusion criteria. No distinguished differences between vegetarian-based diets and omnivorous mixed diets were identified when physical performance was compared. Consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet did not improve nor hinder performance in athletes. However, with only 8 studies identified, with substantial variability among the studies’ experimental designs, aims and outcomes, further research is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.METABOL.2012.10.014
Abstract: Fish or fish oil consumption may increase levels of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, a hormone associated with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitising effects, however it is not known if the effects of the food and supplement are the same. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of consuming fish and fish oil supplements on plasma total and HMW adiponectin concentrations in overweight human participants. 29 overweight and obese participants underwent a two week run-in period, followed by a four week isocaloric dietary intervention which provided 1.8 g of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) in the form of either fish or fish oil supplements. Primary outcomes were changes in plasma total and HMW adiponectin. Secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric variables, plasma insulin and glucose levels, and dietary intakes. Changes in plasma HMW adiponectin during the intervention period were significantly different between groups (p=0.009). Mean HMW adiponectin increased by 0.29 μg/mL in the 'fish' group and decreased by 0.60 μg/mL in the 'supplement' group. There were no significant changes in other anthropometric and biochemical variables. Dietary data suggested the 'fish' group significantly increased their fish (p=0.001) and dietary LC n-3 PUFA (p=0.001) consumption over the course of the study. Short-term consumption of fish and fish oil supplements did not have the same effects on HMW adiponectin levels. The impact of fish intake on HMW adiponectin levels may not be mediated by its LC n-3 PUFA content alone.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-018-0277-9
Abstract: This study aimed to identify the main vegetable sources of overweight participants during a 12-month randomised controlled trial for weight loss. Secondary analysis using data from diet history interviews to determine changes to daily vegetable intake amounts and types throughout the trial at 0, 3 and 12 months. Pre-trial 77% participants consumed frozen vegetables. At baseline (n = 113, 85 F), participants reported 345 ± 170 (56-920) g/day vegetables increasing to 498 ± 180 (146-930) g/day at 3 months and remaining stable at 475 ± 169(170-1053) g/day by 12 months (p = 0.001). At baseline, 32 of 34 different vegetable categories were reported, mainly tomato (69.9 g/day) and, potato (58.2 g/day). After 3 months (n = 109), seven vegetables remained in the top 10 reported (contributing 72%). Tomato remained top ranked to 12 months. Following advice to consume more vegetables, consumption increased above the Australian Dietary recommendation of ~375 g/day. Tomatoes remained a mainstay regardless of the time of year, but choices changed with time. Frozen vegetables may be a feasible option.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2018
Abstract: Social media has transformed the interaction between healthcare professionals and consumers, yet research of its use in dietetics is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of dietetic user networks on use of social media and test the applicability of a social media metrics tool to determine influential users. An online survey about social media use and practices based on the scientific literature was developed and implemented online with dietitians. Feasibility of a social media metrics analysis was conducted via Twitter using the NodeXL metrics tool to determine influential dietetic networks based on four measures of network centrality (betweenness, eigenvector, closeness and degree). The survey (n = 340) revealed social networking sites were the most widely used (by user) (n = 282) and micro-blogging was the most regularly used (by frequency of use). Among respondents who used social media in a professional capacity (n = 130), the greatest benefit was communicating internationally and remotely while the delivery of health care was of least benefit. The majority of respondents (87.3%) indicated their primary efforts were to maintain e-professionalism. Time restraints (18.6%) and not knowing where to start (18.6%) were common barriers to use. Highly influential connections between users were observed from network visualisations of dietitians in Australia and the United States. Professional use of social media among dietitians needs to be monitored over time for shifts of influential networks. Influential users from key networks can be identified from metrics analyses and should be engaged via professional bodies to upskill new users.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1159/000327823
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-020-2338-1
Abstract: High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries 1,2 . However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world 3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health 4,5 . However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million in iduals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-01-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0279567
Abstract: Consumption of avocados has been suggested to be beneficial for weight control, however, limited research is available about the related food choices. Understanding the food choices associated with avocados at meal occasions may further aid behavioural strategies to lose weight. The present study used a systematic approach to develop an avocado-specific food database, with the aim to explore food choices related to avocados at meal occasions as reported by overweight and obese volunteers in weight loss clinical trials. The avocado-specific database was based on AUSNUT 2011–13 food composition database structure and was developed via a systematic approach, which determined the avocado content of Australian foods and beverages. Baseline usual food intake data was retrospectively pooled from four food-based clinical trials (n = 758). The Apriori algorithm of association rules, a two-step descriptive method was used to identify food choices associated with avocados at different meal occasions using a nested hierarchical food group classification system. The avocado database identified 34 avocados and avocado-containing foods and beverages. The proportion of avocado consumers in the pooled cohort was 51.3% (n = 389), with an average avocado intake of 21.57 ± 36.75 grams per day. Avocados were found to be closely related to other food groups at all of the food group levels at main meal occasions. A total of 68 food items containing avocados were identified for avocado consumers at the breakfast, lunch and dinner meals. The avocado specific database provides a snapshot of the foods and beverages which contain avocados. Enumerating the full range of food choices in relation to avocado consumption should provide ex les of food choices that people might consider in their efforts to increase their avocado consumption.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-11-2018
DOI: 10.2196/12136
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/NBU.12615
Abstract: Vegan dietary patterns are increasingly being adopted by endurance athletes, yet research examining the influence of this dietary pattern on exercise‐related physiology is limited. This pilot study, therefore, aimed to explore nutrient status, diet quality and cardiovascular and inflammatory responses in aerobically trained adult males following vegan and omnivorous dietary patterns during aerobic exercise. An incremental r running test was used to assess peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ) in males aged 18–55 years, engaging in h training/week. Exercise testing was performed during walking and steady‐state running conditions (60% and 90% of VO 2peak ). Participants were grouped by dietary pattern type and were equivalent for age, training volume and VO 2peak . When compared to the omnivorous group ( n = 8, age 35.6 years, VO 2peak 55.7 mL/kg/min), the vegan group ( n = 12, age 33.4 years, VO 2peak 56.4 m/kg/min) consumed more energy from carbohydrates ( p = 0.007), and less energy from protein ( p = 0.001) while exhibiting a higher overall diet quality score ( p = 0.008). No differences in inflammatory biomarkers were observed before or after running. Total red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were lower in the vegan dietary group. In summary, aerobically trained males, following a long‐term vegan diet, can tolerate a short bout of running broadly comparatively to their omnivore counterparts. More arduous endurance exercise conditions should be explored to further uncover potential outcomes of consuming a vegan dietary pattern and exercise‐related physiology.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-01-2022
Abstract: ocus group discussions (FGDs) have been used as an effective method to capture consumers’ needs, experiences and expectations for the design of future digital health solutions. However, engaging consumers in FGDs is challenging. To date, there is little guidance for the best practice of moderating FGDs. his study describes the development of a 6P framework for effectively engaging consumers in FGDs to identify their needs, experiences and expectations for future digital health solutions. 6P framework – prototype, people, protocol, place, parity and parallelism – for consumer engagement in FGDs was developed by a multidisciplinary team via synthesizing the evidence in the literature. The 6P framework was implemented in two FGDs at a hospital in South-West New South Wales, Australia. Patients with obesity (35kg/m2) who were undergoing weight-loss treatment at the hospital were recruited using purposive s ling. Discussions collected user needs, experiences, and expectations with a prototype mobile health app to support self-management of obesity. The FGD recordings were transcribed verbatim and content analysis was conducted. welve adult participants (5 men, 7 women) participated in two FGDs. The well-prepared prototype (a mHealth app), people (developing team, moderator, observers, and technical assistants), protocol (interview guide, plan and handout), and place (physical and virtual friendly one) enabled the participants to actively engage in FGDs to express their needs, experiences and expectations. Participants expressed positive thoughts about the overall usability and usefulness of the app. They provided suggestions for further improvement of the app in terms of information quality (the presence of some irrelevant, incomprehensible, or incomplete information) and system quality (difficulty of using app functions). Participants also expressed an expectation to see more personalized graphical designs that are easy to comprehend. The moderator used the two techniques – parity and parallelism, to control the dominant participants and encourage silent participants, so that they can express their opinions as objectively as possible. ollowing the 6P framework to moderate FGDs is conducive for consumers to understand the discussion topic, engage in peer interaction about a prototype and relate the interactional experience with their previous digital solution usage experiences. The framework provides insight for managing dominant participants and eliciting further functions. It also enables consumers to effectively reflect, understand and express their needs, experiences and expectations in digital solution co-design in FGDs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-036397
Abstract: Childcare settings have been widely identified as important venues for promoting healthy lifestyles to children. Out-of-school hours care (OSHC) is a rapidly growing childcare service, yet there has been limited research reported on healthy eating and physical activity (HEPA) environments within the Australian OSHC setting. This research aims to describe the HEPA environments related to foods and beverages served, staff behaviours and child physical activity levels across two local health districts within New South Wales, Australia. This study will provide evidence to support future interventions and policies in Australian OSHC settings. A cross-sectional study design will be used to describe the food and beverages provided and child activity levels, and report on environmental correlates. OSHC programmes will be visited on non-consecutive weekdays between 2018 and 2020. The frequency of foods and beverages offered will be observed and categorised into food groups aligned to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Children’s physical activity will be measured using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Staff behaviour will be captured via direct observation and the System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition. Short interviews with programme directors will gather contextual information about OSHC practices and policies. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations and in idualised feedback to each participating service. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Wollongong Human Research Ethics Committee (HE17/490).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSARD.2022.104415
Abstract: Diet-dependent acid-base load has been associated with worsening in mental health, but to date no study has examined this in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We examined the association between potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores and depression, anxiety, and fatigue in PwMS. Participants with a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination were followed prospectively as part of the AusLong Study (aged 18-59 years at cohort entry). At baseline, 5- and 10-year reviews, PRAL and NEAP scores were calculated using dietary intake in the preceding 12 months calculated from a food frequency questionnaire. At 5- and 10-year reviews, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess depression and anxiety, and the Fatigue Severity Scale assessed fatigue. Higher PRAL and NEAP scores were associated with increased subsequent absolute value and change in HADS depression scores over five years' follow-up (e.g., highest vs lowest PRAL quartile, 5-year change in HADS-D score: β=+3.01, 95%CI= 1.54, 4.48, p<0.001). The level of depression at the 10-year review was determined by both the baseline dietary acid scores and baseline-5-year changes in dietary acid scores (e.g., PRAL change from baseline to 5-year review, 10-year review HADS-D score: β=+0.09, 95%CI= 0.03, 0.15, p<0.001, NEAP change from baseline to 5-year review, 10-year review HADS-D score: β=+0.07, 95%CI= 0.01, 0.14, p=0.03). Some associations were observed with anxiety and fatigue but were much weaker and less consistent. Our findings indicate that a higher dietary acid load potentially has a long-term influence on the level of depression in PwMS. The evidence is less convincing for anxiety and fatigue.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11695-015-1972-4
Abstract: Non-surgical weight loss induces a greater than expected decrease in energy expenditure, a phenomenon known as 'metabolic adaptation'. The effects of different bariatric surgery procedures on metabolic adaptation are not yet known and may partially contribute to weight loss success. We compared resting energy expenditure (REE) in 35 subjects (nine males age = 46 ± 11 years BMI = 42.1 ± 6.5 kg/m(2)) undergoing gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) up to 2 years after surgery. We found a greater than expected reduction of 130-300 kcal/day at 6 weeks after sleeve and bypass surgery which was not explained by changes in body composition this change was not seen in the band group. The suppression in REE after sleeve and RYGB remained up to 2 years, even after weight loss had plateaued. Our findings suggest that energy adaptation is not a contributing mechanism to medium-term weight maintenance after sleeve and RYGB bariatric surgeries.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-03-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019004117
Abstract: Nut consumption is associated with a range of health benefits. The current study aimed to examine nut consumption in the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) and to investigate associations between nut intake, nutrient intake and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 NNPAS. Usual consumption of nuts in the 2011–2012 NNPAS was determined, and nut consumption was compared with population recommendations of 30 g nuts per day. The relationship between nut consumption and intakes of key nutrients, anthropometric outcomes (weight, BMI and waist circumference) and blood pressure was examined using linear regression for participants aged over 18 years. Australia. Australians (2 years and older, n 12 153) participating in the representative 2011–2012 NNPAS. Mean nut intake was 4·61 (95 % CI: 4·36, 4·86) g/d, with only 5·6 % of nut consumers consuming 30 g of nuts per day. Nut consumption was associated with significantly greater intakes of fibre, vitamin E, Fe, Mg and P. There was no association between nut consumption and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, or blood pressure. Exploration of nut consumption in a representative s le of Australians identified that nut intake does not meet recommendations. Higher nut consumption was not adversely associated with higher body weight, aligning with the current evidence base. Given the current levels of nut consumption in Australia, strategies to increase nut intake to recommended levels are required.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-021-00980-9
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, particularly in minority ethnic groups. This review investigates the vitamin D status (as measured by 25(OH)D and dietary intake) of the African-Caribbean population globally. A systematic review was conducted by searching key databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus) from inception until October 2019. Search terms included ‘Vitamin D status’ and ‘African-Caribbean’. A random effects and fixed effects meta-analysis was performed by combining means and standard error of the mean. The search yielded 19 papers that included n = 5670 African-Caribbean participants from six countries. A meta-analysis found this population to have sufficient ( nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels at 67.8 nmol/L, 95% CI (57.9, 7.6) but poor dietary intake of vitamin D at only 3.0 µg/day, 95% CI (1.67,4.31). For those living at low latitudes ‘insufficient’ (as defined by study authors) 25(OH)D levels were found only in participants with type 2 diabetes and in those undergoing haemodialysis. Suboptimal dietary vitamin D intake (according to the UK recommended nutrient intake of 10 µg/day) was reported in all studies at high latitudes. Studies at lower latitudes, with lower recommended dietary intakes (Caribbean recommended dietary intake: 2.5 µg/day) found ‘sufficient’ intake in two out of three studies. 25(OH)D sufficiency was found in African-Caribbean populations at lower latitudes. However, at higher latitudes, 25(OH)D deficiency and low dietary vitamin D intake was prevalent.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/JHH.2016.10
Abstract: The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet provides strong evidence for an optimal dietary pattern for blood pressure (BP) control however, investigation at the level of key foods in a dietary pattern is sparse. This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary patterns driven by key foods with BP in a s le of obese Australian adults. Secondary analysis was conducted on baseline data of 118 participants (45.1±8.4 years, mean BP=124.1±15.8/72.6±9.2 mm Hg) recruited in a weight reduction randomized controlled trial (ACTRN12608000425392). Dietary assessment was by a validated diet history interview. The average of three office BP measurements was taken. Factor analysis extracted dietary patterns and their relation to systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was analysed using multiple linear regression. Eight dietary patterns were identified based on leading foods: meat and alcohol seafood fats fruits and nuts legumes confectionery sweet foods and yeast extracts and seasonings. A lower SBP was associated with alignment with the fruit and nuts pattern (β=-4.1 (95% confidence interval -7.5 to -0.7) mm Hg) and with seafood for DBP (β=-2.4 (-4.6 to -0.3) mm Hg). SBP and DBP were higher with yeast extract and seasonings (β=4.3 (1.4-7.3) 2.5 (0.9-4.0) mm Hg, respectively). In obese adults attending for weight loss, dietary patterns that included larger amounts of fruits and nuts and/or seafood were associated with lower BP at baseline, whereas patterns that were characterised by yeast extract and seasonings were associated with higher BP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-08-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 20-11-2018
DOI: 10.2196/11170
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-10-2005
Abstract: Levels of vitamin E have been reported to be lower in patients suffering major depression, but whether this is due to inadequate dietary intake or the pathophysiology of depression is not known, and was the subject of the present study. Wollongong, Australia. Plasma vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) was measured in 49 adults with major depression, age (mean+/-s.d.): 47+/-12 y. In a subset (n=19) usual dietary intake of vitamin E was determined by diet history. Subjects had significantly lower plasma alpha-tocopherol (4.71+/-0.13 mumol/mmol cholesterol) than has previously been reported for healthy Australians, and plasma alpha-tocopherol was inversely related to depression score (by Beck Depression Inventory) (r=-0.367, P<0.009). Diet analysis indicated that 89% of subjects met or exceeded the recommended intake for vitamin E, and dietary intake was not related to plasma alpha-tocopherol level in this subset. These findings suggest that plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol are lower in depression, but this is not likely to be the result of inability to meet recommended dietary intake. .
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JBI.2018.05.010
Abstract: Data audits within clinical settings are extensively used as a major strategy to identify errors, monitor study operations and ensure high-quality data. However, clinical trial guidelines are non-specific in regards to recommended frequency, timing and nature of data audits. The absence of a well-defined data quality definition and method to measure error undermines the reliability of data quality assessment. This review aimed to assess the variability of source data verification (SDV) auditing methods to monitor data quality in a clinical research setting. The scientific databases MEDLINE, Scopus and Science Direct were searched for English language publications, with no date limits applied. Studies were considered if they included data from a clinical trial or clinical research setting and measured and/or reported data quality using a SDV auditing method. In total 15 publications were included. The nature and extent of SDV audit methods in the articles varied widely, depending upon the complexity of the source document, type of study, variables measured (primary or secondary), data audit proportion (3-100%) and collection frequency (6-24 months). Methods for coding, classifying and calculating error were also inconsistent. Transcription errors and inexperienced personnel were the main source of reported error. Repeated SDV audits using the same dataset demonstrated ∼ 40% improvement in data accuracy and completeness over time. No description was given in regards to what determines poor data quality in clinical trials. A wide range of SDV auditing methods are reported in the published literature though no uniform SDV auditing method could be determined for "best practice" in clinical trials. Published audit methodology articles are warranted for the development of a standardised SDV auditing method to monitor data quality in clinical research settings.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-12-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980011003326
Abstract: To assess the impact of the complex survey design used in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS07) on prevalence estimates for intakes of groups of foods in the population of children. The impacts on prevalence estimates were determined by calculating design effects for values for food group consumption. The implications of ignoring elements of the s le design including stratification, clustering and weighting are discussed. The ANCNPAS07 used a complex s le design involving stratification, a high degree of clustering and estimation weights. Australian children aged 2–16 years. Design effects ranging from to 5 were found for the values of mean consumption and proportion of the population consuming the food groups. When survey weights were ignored, prevalence estimates were also biased. Ignoring the complex survey design used in the ANCNPAS07 could result in underestimating the width of confidence intervals, higher mean square errors and biased estimators. The magnitude of these effects depends on both the parameter under consideration and the chosen estimator.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2015.10.008
Abstract: Integrating professional expertise in diet, exercise and behavioural support may provide more effective preventive health services but this needs testing. We describe the design and baseline results of a trial in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The HealthTrack study is a 12 month randomised controlled trial testing effects of a novel interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention versus usual care. The study recruited overweight and obese adults 25-54 years resident in the Illawarra. Primary outcomes were weight, and secondary outcomes were disease risk factors (lipids, glucose, blood pressure), and behaviour (diet, activity, and psychological factors). Protocols, recruitment and baseline characteristics are reported. Between May 2014 and April 2015, 377 participants were recruited and randomised. The median age (IQR) of the mostly female s le (74%) was 45 (37-51) years. The s le comprised obese (BMI 32 (29-35) kg/m(2)) well educated (79% post school qualifications) non-smokers (96%). A high proportion reported suffering from anxiety (26.8%) and depression (33.7%). Metabolic syndrome was identified in 34.9% of the s le. The HealthTrack study s le was recruited to test the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach to preventive healthcare in self-identified overweight adults in the Illawarra region. The profile of participants gives some indication of those likely to use services similar to the trial design.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-11-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518003239
Abstract: Changes in added sugar intake have been associated with corresponding changes in body weight. Potential mechanisms, particularly the impact of added sugar intake on appetite, warrant exploration. A systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials investigated the association between added sugar consumption and appetite in overweight and obese adults. A systematic search of Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINAHL included studies that examined the relationship between added sugar intake and appetite markers, in comparison with a group with lower added sugar intake. A total of twenty-one articles describing nineteen studies were included in the review. The effect of added sugar on appetite was explored separately by reported comparisons of added sugar type and their effect to three study outcomes: energy consumption ( n 20 comparisons) satiety ( n 18) and appetite hormones, leptin ( n 4) or ghrelin ( n 7). Increased added sugar consumption did not impact subsequent energy intake ( n 9), nor did it influence satiety ( n 12) or ghrelin levels ( n 4). Differences in the total daily energy intake were comparable with the differences in energy values of tested products ( n 3). Added sugar intake was reported to increase leptin levels ( n 3). This review did not find a consistent relationship between added sugar intake and appetite measures, which may be partially explained by variations in study methodologies. There is a need for randomised controlled trials examining a range of added sugar sources and doses on appetite in overweight and obese adults to better understand implications for weight gain.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.13133
Abstract: The present study aims to share insights and lessons learnt by dietitians providing in idualised care to people living with disabilities in the community. This is important to build the evidence to inform dietetic best practice standards. The study involved a cross‐sectional data audit of dietitian reports for clients living with a disability seen at a metropolitan dietitian clinic in South Australia. Content analysis of the reports was conducted. Initial coding occurred deductively followed by inductive qualitative content analysis. Thirty‐one participants consented to have their dietitian reports included in the study. Intellectual disabilities made up the majority (48%) of disabilities reported in the s le. Nutrition diagnoses predominantly related to energy imbalances (54%). Barriers to dietary change included a reliance on others and limitations in the disability support system. Kitchen skills and cooking were the most often employed nutrition strategy suggested by dietitians. Following dietetic intervention, improvements were seen in the types of foods people with a disability consumed along with changes to their body weight. Dietitians reported the importance of effective communication with the care team and providing engaging methods to instigate dietary behaviour change. The present study highlights that there are opportunities to build on in idualised dietetic care provided to people living with disabilities. These opportunities include addressing excess energy consumption, fostering collaborations with other health providers and understanding how to better work with carers. Further research is required to understand how to progress these opportunities forward and to understand the generalisability of the findings.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.13016
Abstract: Estimation of food portions is a vital skill for dietitians, which is developed during formal nutrition training. Skill development is often accomplished by training with food portion estimation tools. These tools can vary in design but evaluations often reveal them to be limited in their effectiveness and generally impractical for everyday use. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an augmented reality (AR) tool for the estimation food portions. An online, quasi‐experimental, randomised pre‐test post‐test study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three food portion tools with nutrition students. These tools consisted of an online, AR, and an infographic tool (control). Students tested 10 different food images and were asked to estimate food portion sizes with and without assistance of a portion tool to determine absolute error, relative error, and overall improvement in estimation. A total of 33 participants enrolled in the study with 26 (72.0%) completing the study. The mean absolute error was lowest in the online group (53.0%), followed by AR (59.5%) and control (64.0%). Relative error scores revealed higher accuracy for the AR group (45.5%) followed by online (43.5%), and control group (29.0%). Overall improvement in estimation was highest in the AR group (+12.2%) followed by the online (+11.6%) tool with a decrease seen for the infographic (−1.7%) tool. The use of technology, notably AR technology, may provide some advantage when training nutrition students in food portion estimation, although further investigation is advised.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14214568
Abstract: Understanding the dietary characteristics of people living with multiple sclerosis (plwMS) may assist in the planning of nutrition interventions for multiple sclerosis yet dietary assessment methods in existing studies are not well established. The aim of this study was to validate the psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency) of the Dietary Habits Questionnaire (DHQ) against repeated online 24-h recall dietary assessments. The DHQ is a 24-item tool that is scored using ten dietary sub-scores. Total DHQ scores can range from 20–100 and are considered indicative of the quality of dietary intake with higher scores reflecting increased quality. People living with a relapsing-remitting MS phenotype who had completed a modified DHQ were recruited from the international Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a S le of people with Multiple sclerosis (HOLISM) cohort. Repeated 24-h recall via the online Automated Self-administered Assessment-24 (ASA-24) tool were modelled to reflect usual dietary intakes using the Multiple Source Method. DHQ scores of eight sub-scores: three key nutrients, three food groups and two food preparation practices, were calculated and statistically compared with ASA-24 usual intake data. Principal component analysis of the ASA-24 data was undertaken to understand dietary patterns of the s le. Of the 105 participants, valid 24-h recall data were available for 96 plwMS (n = 66 1 day, n = 30 ≥ 2 day). The median total DHQ score was 84.50 (IQR: 77.04, 91.83) points. The highest absolute correlations were between the DHQ scores and ASA-24 data for cereal (r = 0.395, p 0.001), fruit and vegetables (r = 0.436, p 0.001), and total dietary fiber (r = 0.482, p 0.001). Five dietary patterns emerged from the data explaining 42.12% variance and reflecting exposure of plwMS to the influence of ‘MS diets’. The DHQ appears to be appropriate for screening participants with relapsing-remitting MS. Evidence-based dietary models focusing on food are required to monitor the quality of an overall dietary pattern and set priorities for the planning nutrition interventions for plwMS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Abstract: 1) To explore the links between Indigenous Australian children's perspectives on culture, and healthy lifestyle behaviours. 2) To provide insight into how to approach the development of a health intervention targeting lifestyle behaviours in Australian Indigenous children. Seven semi-structured focus groups sessions were conducted with Australian Indigenous children aged 5-12 years living on the South Coast of New South Wales. Audio-recordings were transcribed and thematic analyses were conducted and related to principles of grounded theory. Participants had connections to aspects of Australian Indigenous culture that were embedded in their everyday lives. Healthy lifestyle behaviours (such as healthy eating and physical activity) were found to be interconnected with Australian Indigenous culture and positive emotional wellbeing was identified as an important outcome of connecting Australian Indigenous children to cultural practices. Understanding the importance of culture and its role in healthy lifestyles is critical in the development of health interventions for Indigenous populations. Health interventions embedded with Australian Indigenous culture may have potential to improve physical and emotional health within Australian Indigenous communities. However, it is unlikely that a 'one size fits all' approach to health interventions can be taken.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2017.01.001
Abstract: Vascular disease (VD), as assessed by history of myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease or aortic plaque, increases stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF), and is a component of risk assessment using the CHA We analysed data from the ARAPACIS study, an observational study including 2027 Italian patients with non-valvular AF, in whom CP was detected using Doppler Ultrasonography. VD was reported in 351 (17.3%) patients while CP was detected in 16.6% patients. Adding CP to the VD definition leaded to higher VD prevalence (30.9%). During a median [IQR] follow-up time of 36months, 56 (2.8%) stroke/TIA events were recorded. Survival analysis showed that conventional VD alone did not increase the risk of stroke (Log-Rank: 0.009, p=0.924), while addition of CP to conventional VD was significantly associated to an increased risk of stroke (LR: 5.730, p=0.017). Cox regression analysis showed that VD+CP was independently associated with stroke (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.01, p=0.0318). Reclassification analysis showed that VD+CP allowed a significant risk reclassification when compared to VD alone in predicting stroke at 36months (NRI: 0.192, 95% CI: 0.028-0.323, p=0.032). In non-valvular AF patients the addition of ultrasound detection of carotid plaque to conventional VD significantly increases the predictive value of CHA
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-12-2020
Abstract: Systematic reviews (SRs) are a core component of evidence-based practice and are widely used in developing nutrition policy. This study aimed to examine nutrition professionals and students' perceptions, barriers and use of SRs. A secondary aim was to examine confidence using and conducting SRs. A self-administered online survey was developed, pilot-tested and implemented via SurveyMonkey. The survey consisted of 29 items separated into demographics, perceptions, use, and knowledge of SRs, confidence in using and conducting SRs, and barriers to use and conduct of SRs. The survey was disseminated via professional newsletters and social media. Ninety-four nutrition professionals/students completed the survey. Survey results indicated respondents valued SRs, with SRs used most commonly to update knowledge. While most respondents (67%) were confident in using SRs, many (59%) expressed a lack of confidence in conducting a SR. In particular, few respondents (12%) reported confidence in conducting meta-analyses. The majority of respondents were aware that SRs underpinned guidelines and nutrition resources, however, few (21%) respondents identified that self-substantiation of health claims were based on SRs. Time, access to scientific database, lack of workplace support and confidence were the main barriers to SRs use. SRs were reported as being valued by nutrition professionals and students, though time constraints, a lack of confidence and organisations which did not prioritise research were barriers to conducting SRs. The findings of this survey highlight a need for training and education as potential strategies to promote SR engagement in nutrition professionals and students.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-09-2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-04-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520001415
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease increasing in global prevalence. Although habitual consumption of walnuts is associated with reduced risk of CVD, there is inconsistent evidence for the impact of walnut consumption on markers of glycaemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (to 2 March 2019) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials conducted with adults which assessed the effect of walnut consumption on fasting blood glucose and insulin, glycated Hb and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the weighted mean differences (WMD) for each outcome. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. Sixteen studies providing eighteen effect sizes were included in the review. Consumption of walnuts did not result in significant changes in fasting blood glucose levels (WMD: 0·331 mg/dl 95 % CI −0·817, 1·479) or other outcome measures. Studies were determined to have either ‘some concerns’ or be at ‘high risk’ of bias. There was no evidence of an effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. These findings suggest that the known favourable effects of walnut intake on CVD are not mediated via improvements in glycaemic control. Given the high risk of bias observed in the current evidence base, there is a need for further high-quality randomised controlled trials.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-2021
Abstract: Background: The evidence regarding the association between added sugar (AS) intake and obesity remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between changes in the percentage of energy intake from AS (EAS%) and changes in body weight in a cohort study of older Australians during 15 years of follow-up. In addition, associations were assessed according to whether EAS% intake was provided from beverage or non-beverage sources. Methods: Data were analyzed from the participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study Cohort. Dietary data were collected at baseline (1992–94) and three five-yearly intervals using a 145-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants' body weight was measured at each time point. Five-yearly changes in EAS% intake and body weight were calculated ( n = 1,713 at baseline). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the relationship between the overall five-yearly changes in EAS% intake and body weight, adjusted for dietary and lifestyle variables. Results: In each time interval, the EAS% intake decreased by ~5% in the lowest quartile (Q1) and increased by ~5% in the highest quartile (Q4). The mean (SD) body weight change in Q1 and Q4 were 1.24 (8.10) kg and 1.57 (7.50) kg (first time interval), 0.08 (6.86) kg and −0.19 (5.63) kg (second time interval), and −1.22 (5.16) kg and −0.37 (5.47) kg (third time interval), respectively. In GEE analyses, the overall five-yearly change in EAS% intake was not significantly associated with body weight change ( P trend = 0.837). Furthermore, no significant associations were observed between changes in EAS% intake from either beverage or non-beverage sources and changes in body weight ( P trend for beverage sources = 0.621 and P trend for non- beverage sources = 0.626). Conclusion: The findings of this older Australian cohort do not support the association between changes in EAS% intake and body weight, regardless of AS food sources (beverage or non-beverage).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11739-018-1922-Y
Abstract: In the original publication, one of the ARAPACIS collaborators Dr. "Leonardo Di Gennaro" name has been erroneously mentioned as "Leonardo De Gennaro".
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-03-2023
DOI: 10.1177/18333583231154624
Abstract: Electronic medical records (EMRs) have been widely implemented in Australian hospitals. Their usability and design to support clinicians to effectively deliver and document care is essential, as is their impact on clinical workflow, safety and quality, communication, and collaboration across health systems. Perceptions of, and data about, usability of EMRs implemented in Australian hospitals are key to successful adoption. To explore perspectives of medical and nursing clinicians on EMR usability utilising free-text data collected in a survey. Qualitative analysis of one free-text optional question included in a web-based survey. Respondents included medical and nursing/midwifery professionals in Australian hospitals (85 doctors and 27 nurses), who commented on the usability of the main EMR used. Themes identified related to the status of EMR implementation, system design, human factors, safety and risk, system response time, and stability, alerts, and supporting the collaboration between healthcare sectors. Positive factors included ability to view information from any location ease of medication documentation and capacity to access diagnostic test results. Usability concerns included lack of intuitiveness complexity difficulties communicating with primary and other care sectors and time taken to perform clinical tasks. If the benefits of EMRs are to be realised, there are good reasons to address the usability challenges identified by clinicians. Easy solutions that could improve the usability experience of hospital-based clinicians include resolving sign-on issues, use of templates, and more intelligent alerts and warnings to avoid errors. These essential improvements to the usability of the EMR, which are the foundation of the digital health system, will enable hospital clinicians to deliver safer and more effective health care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-07-2015
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.816653
Abstract: The importance of monitoring dietary intake within a randomized controlled trial becomes vital to justification of the study outcomes when the study is food-based. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine how dietary assessment methods used to monitor dietary intake are reported and whether assisted technologies are used in conducting such assessments. OVID and ScienceDirect databases 2000-2010 were searched for food-based, parallel, randomized controlled trials conducted with humans using the search terms "clinical trial," "diet$ intervention" AND "diet$ assessment," "diet$ method$," "intake," "diet history," "food record," "food frequency questionnaire," "FFQ," "food diary," "24-hour recall." A total of 1364 abstracts were reviewed and 243 studies identified. The size of the study and country of origin appear to be the two most common predictors of reporting both the dietary assessment method and details of the form of assessment. The journal in which the study is published has no impact. Information technology use may increase in the future allowing other methods and forms of dietary assessment to be used efficiently.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01197-6
Abstract: Opportunities for physical activity within out of school hours care (OSHC) are not well documented in Australia. This study explored factors associated with children (5–12 years) meeting 30 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while attending OSHC in the afternoon period. A cross-sectional study, conducted in 89 OSHC services in New South Wales, Australia, serving 4,408 children. Each service was visited twice between 2018–2019. Physical activity promotion practices were captured via short interviews and System for Observing Staff Promotion of Physical Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN). Physical activity spaces was measured (m 2 ) and physical activity of 3,614 child days (42% girls), were collected using Acti-Graph accelerometers. Association between program practices and children accumulation of MVPA was tested using mixed effects logistic regression, adjusted by OSHC service and child. Twenty-six percent of children (n = 925) accumulated 30 min or more of MVPA. Factors associated with children reaching MVPA recommendations included: services scheduling greater amounts of child-led free play, both 30–59 min (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.70, 3.98) and ≥ 60 min (OR 6.4, 95%CI 3.90, 10.49) opportunities for staff-led organised play of ≥ 30 min (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.47, 3.83) and active games that engaged the majority of children (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.11, 2.61). Children were less likely to meet MVPA recommendations if services played games with elimination components (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.37, 0.86). Improvements to service-level physical activity promotion practices, specifically the type of physical activity scheduled and the structure of games, may be an effective strategy to increase MVPA of children attending OSHC afterschool in NSW, Australia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1053/J.JRN.2019.10.002
Abstract: Constipation is common in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Nondrug strategies to manage constipation are challenging because of dietary potassium, phosphate, and fluid restrictions. Nuts are a high-fiber food but are excluded from the diet because of the high potassium and phosphate content. The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of using nuts to improve constipation in adults undertaking hemodialysis (HD). Adult patients undertaking HD were recruited to this nonrandomized, 10-week repeated measures, within-subject, pragmatic clinical trial, conducted in two HD units. The intervention consisted of consumption of 40g of raw almonds daily for four weeks, followed by a two-week washout and four-week control period. The primary safety outcome measures were change in predialysis serum potassium and phosphate levels. The primary efficacy outcome was reduction in constipation, measured using the Bristol Stool Form Scale and Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS-S) renal symptom score. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, selected uremic toxins, cognition, gut microbiota profile, and symptom burden. Twenty patients completed the trial (median age: 67 [interquartile range: 57.5-77.8] years, 51% male). After controlling for dialysis adequacy, anuria, dietary intake, bicarbonate, and parathyroid hormone, there were no statistically significant changes in serum potassium (P = 0.21) or phosphate (P = 0.16) associated with daily consumption of almonds. However, statistically significant improvements in constipation were seen at weeks 2, 3, 4, and 10. There were statistically significant improvements in quality of life (P = 0.030), overall symptom burden (P = 0.002), vomiting (P = 0.020), itching (P = 0.006), and skin changes (P = 0.002). Daily consumption of almonds for four weeks was safe, effective, and well tolerated. Improvements in quality of life and symptom burden warrant further research to elucidate potential mechanisms. The findings support the potential reinclusion of foods such as nuts into the diet of patients who underwent HD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12582
Abstract: Evidence has shown that anthocyanins, a subclass of polyphenol, are metabolised in the gut, modulate bacterial species and exert bioactive effects through this interaction. A systematic literature review was undertaken to determine the level of current evidence for the association between anthocyanin intake and changes in gut microbiota populations. The studies included were also assessed for the different techniques used in microbiota determination. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and MEDLINE, were searched up to June 2017. Details on population/s le, study design, intervention/control, dosage and method of microbiota determination were extracted. Six studies (three in vitro, two animal and one human trials) were included in the review, which showed that anthocyanins induced a significant proliferative effect on Bifidobacterium spp., known for their wide use in probiotics and for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. There was also an observed inhibition of Clostridium histolyticum, which was shown to be pathogenic in humans. The depth of analysis is an important consideration for the choice of microbiota determination technique with respect to a comprehensive, high-resolution microbiota analysis or analysis of the main microbiota taxa. Very limited research has been carried out in the area of anthocyanins and gut microbiota beneficial effects have generally been observed, and further clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm changes to gut microbes in relation to dietary anthocyanin intake and potential health benefits.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-018-0283-Y
Abstract: This study compared self-reported sodium and potassium intakes with urinary biomarkers and identified predictive factors. Secondary analysis of the 3-month intensive phase of the HealthTrack study with control (C), interdisciplinary intervention (I), intervention plus 30 g walnuts/day (IW) arms (n = 149). Dietary data was derived from diet history (DH) interviews and biomarker measures from urine. Urine-derived sodium (all, p = 0.000) and potassium (C: p = 0.011 I: p = 0.000 IW: p = 0.004) measures were significantly greater than self-reported intakes over the three months. Multiple linear regression showed body weight at baseline, body mass index (BMI) at baseline, and combined BMI at baseline and DH interviewer significantly negatively predicted the differences in sodium intake and excretion for C (β = -21.226, p = 0.016), I (β = -106.140, p = 0.002) and IW (F (9.530, 2df), p = 0.000), respectively. Where intakes of sodium and potassium are of interest in a trial, both reported intake and urinary biomarker measures are recommended.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-07-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S136898001700218X
Abstract: Limiting the intake of added sugars in the diet remains a key focus of global dietary recommendations. To date there has been no systematic monitoring of the major types of added sugars used in the Australian food supply. The present study aimed to identify the most common added sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners in the Australian packaged food supply. Secondary analysis of data from the Australian FoodSwitch database was undertaken. Forty-six added sugars and eight non-nutritive sweetener types were extracted from the ingredient lists of 5744 foods across seventeen food categories. Australia. Not applicable. Added sugar ingredients were found in 61 % of the s le of foods examined and non-nutritive sweetener ingredients were found in 69 %. Only 31 % of foods contained no added sugar or non-nutritive sweetener. Sugar (as an ingredient), glucose syrup, maple syrup, maltodextrin and glucose/dextrose were the most common sugar ingredient types identified. Most Australian packaged food products had at least one added sugar ingredient, the most common being ‘sugar’. The study provides insight into the most common types of added sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners used in the Australian food supply and is a useful baseline to monitor changes in how added sugars are used in Australian packaged foods over time.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 18-02-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516000337
Abstract: Dietary trials provide evidence for practice and policy guidelines, but poor adherence may confound results. Food supplementation may improve adherence to dietary interventions, but the impact of supplementation on study outcomes is not known. The aim of this review was to examine the impact of food supplementation on weight loss in dietary intervention trials. The databases Scopus, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for dietary intervention trials published between January 2004 and March 2015 using the following keyword combinations: ‘trial’ OR ‘intervention’, ‘food’ OR ‘diet’, ‘weight loss’ and ‘adherence’ OR ‘adherence’. Studies were included if food was provided to at least one study group and both ‘weight change’ and ‘adherence’ were reported. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess weighted mean differences (WMD) in body weight (change or final mean values). The included studies formed two groups: trials involving an intervention group supplemented with a food and a control without food supplementation (food v. no food), and trials in which food was provided to all subjects (food v. food) (PROSPERO registration: CRD42015017563). In total, sixteen studies were included. Significant weight reduction was reported in the food v. no food studies (WMD −0·74 kg 95 % CI −1·40, −0·08 P =0·03, I 2 =63 %). A non-significant increase in weight was found among the food v. food studies (WMD 0·84 kg 95 % CI −0·60, 2·27 P =0·25, I 2 =0 %). Food supplementation appeared to result in greater weight loss in dietary trials. Energy restrictions and intensity of interventions were other significant factors influencing weight loss.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 07-08-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17349-3
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10916-016-0438-0
Abstract: Patient education plays an important role in chronic disease management. The aim of this study is to identify patients' preferences in regard to the design features of effective online patient education (OPE) and the benefits. A review of the existing literature was conducted in order to identify the benefits of OPE and its essential design features. These design features were empirically tested by conducting survey with patients and caregivers. Reliability analysis, construct validity and regression analysis were performed for data analysis. The results identified patient-tailored information, interactivity, content credibility, clear presentation of content, use of multimedia and interpretability as the essential design features of online patient education websites for chronic disease management.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-11-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12955-022-02046-1
Abstract: Lifestyle self-management as an intervention for people living with multiple sclerosis (plwMS) is an emerging area of research. Previous reviews have highlighted a need to systematically identify effective self-management regimens that influence the health and well-being of plwMS using a common metric of success. To examine the effectiveness of lifestyle self-management strategies and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life (QOL), and/or disability of plwMS. The review also aimed to narratively explore common elements of self-management interventions that were effective at improving the outcomes of interest. A systematic search was performed using five scientific databases. The review process followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and was registered with PROSPERO (Ref: CRD42021235982). A total of 57 studies including 5830 in iduals diagnosed with MS, met the inclusion criteria. Self-management interventions included physical activity, fatigue, dietary, stress/coping, emotional, symptom and medical management, and lifestyle and wellbeing programs. Self-reported QOL improved in 35 of 47 studies. Dietary intervention had no statistically significant overall effect on reducing MS disability, ( P = 0.18). Heterogeneity limited the ability to pool the effects from a large number of eligible studies of the same design. Multicomponent self-management interventions, multimodal delivery methods, and cognitive behavioural theory principles were common elements of self-management interventions that improved the QOL of plwMS. However, these results should be interpreted with caution and care should be taken in its clinical application. This review has the potential to inform future management practices for plwMS and has revealed a significant gap in the literature, warranting high-quality, large-scale experimental, and observational studies that address lifestyle management.
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEC.2008.01.019
Abstract: To test repeatability and relative validity of a computerized and interviewer administered assessment. Using a context-based case-control trial, 41 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized into four groups to complete dietary assessments (computerized or interviewer administered) at 0, 2 and 8 weeks and food records at 0 and 2 weeks. Repeatability of reported energy, total fat, saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids between the computerized and interviewer administered methods were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. Paired t-tests and Pearson's correlations determined relative validity of the assessments. Thirty-one patients completed all visits. Statistically significant differences were found between computerized and interviewer administered data for total fat (p=0.048) and saturated fatty acids (p=0.019) between 0 and 2 weeks. Computerized assessments correlated better with food records (r=0.16-0.52) compared with interviewer administered assessments (r=-0.02 to 0.51). Computerized assessments saw a learning effect with repeated use indicating that users were becoming more familiar with the website with repeated use. Relative validity suggests that the website may capture more foods though this requires further investigation. By allowing patients to self-report their intakes on a computer, dietitians will have the ability to spend increased time with their patients counseling them toward change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.4129748
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-14675-8
Abstract: Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) offers structured care to elementary rimary-aged children before and after school, and during school holidays. The promotion of physical activity in OSHC is important for childhood obesity prevention. The aim of this systematic review was to identify correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in before and after school care. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, ERIC, MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycINFO and Web of Science databases up to December 2021. Study inclusion criteria were: written in English from a peer-reviewed journal data from a centre-based before and/or after school care service children with a mean age 13 years an objective measure of physical activity or sedentary behaviour reported correlations and significance levels and if an intervention study design these correlates were reported at baseline. Study quality was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. The PRISMA guidelines informed the reporting, and data were synthesised according to shared correlations and a social ecological framework. Database searches identified 4559 papers, with 18 cross-sectional studies meeting the inclusion criteria.There were a total of 116 physical activity correlates and 64 sedentary behaviour correlates identified. The most frequently reported correlates of physical activity were child sex (males more active), staff engaging in physical activity, an absence of elimination games, and scheduling physical activity in daily programming (all more positively associated). The most frequently reported correlates of sedentary behaviour were child sex (females more sedentary) and age (older children more sedentary). Encouraging physical activity engagement of female children, promoting positive staff behaviours, removing elimination elements from games, and scheduling more time for physical activity should be priorities for service providers. Additional research is needed in before school care services.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2016.02.004
Abstract: A nutrient dilution effect of diets high in added sugar has been reported in some older populations, but the evidence is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between added sugar intakes (according to recommended guidelines) and nutrient intake, food consumption, and body mass index (BMI). A cross-sectional analysis of data collected between 2007 and 2009 from participants of the Blue Mountains Eye study 4 was performed (n = 879). Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Added sugar content of foods was determined by applying a systematic step-wise method. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height. Food and nutrient intakes and BMI were assessed according to categories of percentage energy from added sugar (EAS% 10%) using analysis of covariance for multivariate analysis. Micronutrient intake including retinol equivalents, vitamins B6, B12, C, E, and D, and minerals including calcium, iron, and magnesium showed a significant inverse association with EAS% intakes (Ptrend < 0.05). In people with the lowest intake of added sugars (<5% energy) intake of alcohol, fruits, and vegetables were higher and intake of sugar sweetened beverages was lower compared to other participants (all Ptrend < 0.001). BMI was similar between the three EAS% categories. Energy intake from added sugar greater than the recommended level of 10% is associated with lower micronutrient intakes, indicating micronutrient dilution. Conversely, added sugar intakes <5% of energy intake are associated with higher micronutrient intakes. This information may inform dietary messages targeted at optimizing diet quality in older adults.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2022.132855
Abstract: Anthocyanins are present in bright colored fruit and vegetables with growing evidence for their health benefits. Several methods exist in the literature to measure the total monomeric anthocyanin content in foods. Although the simplest method uses UV-Vis spectrophotometry, it requires the use of anthocyanin molar absorption coefficients (Ɛ). While commonly reported for some compounds, these values vary substantially between studies. This study collated and compared existing Ɛ values for a range of anthocyanin-3-glucosides, measured new Ɛ values for these compounds and underwent an inter-laboratory validation of spectrometry methods. The Ɛ values used for the determination of anthocyanin content in Australian blueberries, were shown to greatly affect the estimated total anthocyanin. Significant differences in the Ɛ values were observed when measured at 520 nm, or their absorbance maximum and substantial difference in the estimated total anthocyanins were observed when expressed as equivalent of cya-3-glu or mal-3-glu.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2021
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 16-11-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012004764
Abstract: To develop meal plans using grain-based foods demonstrating how to incorporate wholegrain foods into a balanced diet for weight maintenance for different cuisines. The present study examines the ability of meal plans with ≥4 grain-based servings daily to meet nutrient recommendations using lacto-ovo vegetarian and rice-based cuisines. Eighteen plans from each cuisine for three age brackets for both genders were developed. Plans aimed for ≥4 servings of grain-based foods daily, with separate plans for all wholegrain, all refined-grain and half wholegrain–half refined-grain foods. Meal plans followed an isoenergetic approach and were designed to meet specific Australian nutrient reference values and serving sizes. All plans met the Recommended Dietary Intake or Adequate Intake for targeted nutrients except for Fe in the rice-based meal plan for females aged ≥19 years (17 mg). In the plans for 14–18 year and ≥19 year age groups, four servings of grain-based foods could be accommodated. In the plans for 9–13 years, increasing the number of grain-based food servings to four reduced micronutrients levels delivered by the total diet. Specific food choices were made to ensure nutrient targets were met across each category for wholegrain and refined-grain plans. The major difference in nutrients between wholegrain and refined-grain foods was found in the vegetarian cuisine, where the meal plans containing whole grains produced on average 30 % higher fibre (38–53 g) levels than those with refined grains (27–40 g). With careful food selection, meal plans with ≥4 servings of grain-based foods daily can meet nutrient reference values for lacto-ovo vegetarian and rice-based cuisines.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2019.01.005
Abstract: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory joint disease affecting mobility in humans, as well as in companion and captive animals. Understanding the effect of dietary phytochemical intake from foods on osteoarthritis and its long-term outcomes may inform public health strategies for osteoarthritis prevention and management, reducing healthcare costs globally. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of dietary phytochemical intake from foods on osteoarthritis in adult populations. A literature search was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library for human studies to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies focused on osteoarthritis up to May 2018. From 5879 articles, five RCTs and four cross-sectional studies were identified. Dietary carotenoids were examined in the observational studies, while dietary intakes of polyphenols from foods were assessed in the RCTs. Dietary polyphenol intake from foods (e.g., freeze-dried strawberries and tart cherry juice) may slow the progression of osteoarthritis via decreased inflammation and reduced cartilage degradation. However, there were relatively few studies and a lack of uniformity in the biomarkers used and the measurements of pain, quality of life and physical activity relating to osteoarthritis. The heterogeneity among the studies suggests that there is insufficient evidence related to phytochemical intake from foods. High-quality epidemiological studies and controlled trials are therefore required. Nevertheless, exploring dietary phytochemical intake from foods may complement current dietary strategies for the management of osteoarthritis and help in the formulation of more economical and manageable strategies for osteoarthritis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-11-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2021
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 20-07-2021
DOI: 10.2196/20650
Abstract: Despite the increasing use of mobile health (mHealth) services, such as mHealth apps or SMS text messaging services, that support the patient self-management of chronic conditions, many existing mHealth services lack theoretical guidance. In addition, although often the target audience for requirement acquisition at the initial mHealth app design stage, it is a common challenge for them to fully conceptualize their needs for mHealth services that help self-manage chronic conditions. This study proposes a novel co-design approach with the initial requirements for mHealth services proposed by clinicians based on their experiences in guiding patients to self-manage chronic conditions. A design case is presented to illustrate our innovative approach to designing an mHealth app that supports the self-management of patients with obesity in their preparation for elective surgery. We adopted a clinician-led co-design approach. The co-design approach consisted of the following four cyclic phases: understanding user needs, identifying an applicable underlying theory, integrating the theory into the prototype design, and evaluating and refining the prototype mHealth services with patients. Expert panel discussions, a literature review, intervention mapping, and patient focus group discussions were conducted in these four phases. In stage 1, the expert panel proposed the following three common user needs: motivational, educational, and supportive needs. In stage 2, the team selected the Social Cognitive Theory to guide the app design. In stage 3, the team designed and developed the key functions of the mHealth app, including automatic push notifications web-based resources goal setting and monitoring and interactive health-related exchanges that encourage physical activity, healthy eating, psychological preparation, and a positive outlook for elective surgery. Push notifications were designed in response to a patient’s risk level, as informed by the person’s response to a baseline health survey. In stage 4, the prototype mHealth app was used to capture further requirements from patients in the two focus group discussions. Focus group participants affirmed the potential benefits of the app and suggested more requirements for the function, presentation, and personalization needs. The app was improved based on these suggestions. This study reports an innovative co-design approach that was used to leverage the clinical experiences of clinicians to produce the initial prototype app and the approach taken to allow patients to effectively voice their needs and expectations for the mHealth app in a focus group discussion. This approach can be generalized to the design of any mHealth service that aims to support the patient self-management of chronic conditions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-04-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11040913
Abstract: The AUSNUT 2011–13 food composition database was expanded to include Australian choline values. The development began with a systematic literature review of published studies. Analytical data from the food studies were extracted and aligned with their equivalent AUSNUT food identification code. Global food composition databases containing choline values were matched to the remaining AUSNUT food codes, following the FAO INFOODS food matching guidelines, including adjustments for moisture and protein composition. Composite foods, and not further-specified foods, were developed using the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) recipe files. The completed choline database was then employed to analyse the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–12, with population and s ling weightings applied. Survey respondents were classified into categories based on their level of choline intake and compared with the Australian Adequate Intake levels. Food sources of intake were also explored. Multiple linear regression models were developed for food group contributors to choline intake. Mean choline intakes varied from 151.50 mg for pregnant 14–18 years old, to 310.54 mg for 19–64 year old males. Less than 10% of the population by age and gender were achieving the Adequate Intake for choline. Eggs and their contributing food groups were the top ranked food sources of choline for the population.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-023-03361-W
Abstract: Health state utilities (HSU) are a subjective measure of an in idual's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), adjusted by societal or patient relative preference weights for living in different states of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), derived from patient-reported responses to multi-attribute utility instrument (MAUI), and can be used as inputs for cost-utility analyses and in clinical assessment. This research assessed associations of diet with subsequent HSU in a large international cohort of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive autoimmune condition of the central nervous system. HSUs were generated from responses to Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D) MAUI, and quality-of-the-diet by Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ). Cross-sectional, and short- and long-term prospective associations of DHQ with HSU evaluated by linear regression at 2.5- and 5-years. Pooled prospective associations between DHQ and HSU evaluated using linear and quantile regression. Analyses adjusted for relevant demographic and clinical covariates. Among 839 participants, baseline DHQ scores showed short- and long-term associations with subsequent HSU, each 10-unit increase in total DHQ score associated with 0.008–0.012 higher HSU (out of 1.00). These associations were dose-dependent, those in the top two quartiles of baseline DHQ scores having 0.01–0.03 higher HSU at follow-up, 0.03 being the threshold for a minimally clinically important difference. Fat, fiber, and fruit/vegetable DHQ subscores were most strongly and consistently associated with better HSU outcomes. However, baseline meat and dairy consumption were associated with 0.01–0.02 lower HSU at subsequent follow-up. A higher quality-of-the-diet showed robust prospective relationships with higher HSUs 2.5- and 5-years later, substantiating previous cross-sectional relationships in this cohort. Subject to replication, these results suggest interventions to improve the quality-of-the-diet may be effective to improve HRQoL in people living with MS.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2023
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.781
Abstract: This article is told as a story about how a project, Strong culture, healthier lifestyles , took steps towards decolonisation as an evolving methodological journey with Country. The story is primarily about how our methodology moved from a Western model of ‘doing’ research, to the research team being part of the research process, as team members with Country and the participating local community members: a methodology of partnership. First, we provide a general overview of the initial project to set up how we came to understand its disconnection to community and Country. Second, we unpack the storying approach as methodology that is bound with the local Country: Yuin on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Third, using the storying approach, we reflect through Country and the community to discover ways forward in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal knowledge partnerships. We share our story in an attempt to limit colonial practice (decolonisation) and replace it with a re‐culturalising approach the re‐connecting of Country as a source of interconnectedness into the research process. Country includes all the living communities of nature, and we explore how this relationship in the human element (community) impacted and developed our methodology of partnership.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-11-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8110701
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12474
Abstract: Vegetarians are likely to have lower intakes of preformed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than omnivorous populations who consume fish and animal products. As such, vegetarian populations have omega-3 indices up to 60% lower than those who consume marine products. Algae, the primary producer of DHA in the marine food chain, offer an alternative source of DHA for those who do not consume marine or animal products. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence for the relationship between supplementation with algal forms of DHA and increased DHA concentrations in vegetarian populations. The SCOPUS, Science Direct and Web of Science scientific databases were searched to identify relevant studies assessing the effect of algal DHA consumption by vegetarian (including vegan) populations. Four randomised controlled trials and two prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies reported algal sources of DHA significantly improve DHA concentrations (including plasma, serum, platelet and red blood cell fractions), as well as omega-3 indices, in vegetarian populations. An evident time or dose response was not apparent given the small number of studies to date. Future studies should address long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiencies in vegetarian populations using algal DHA and explore the potential physiological and health improvements in these in iduals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10439-019-02428-5
Abstract: Stiffness gradient hydrogels are a useful platform for studying mechanical interactions between cells and their surrounding environments. Here, we developed linear stiffness gradient hydrogels by controlling the polymerization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) via differential UV penetration with a gradient photomask. Based on previous observations, a stiffness gradient GelMA hydrogel was created ranging from ~ 4 to 13 kPa over 15 mm (0.68 kPa/mm), covering the range of physiological tissue stiffness from fat to muscle, thereby allowing us to study stem cell mechanosensation and differentiation. Adipose-derived stem cells on these gradient hydrogels showed no durotaxis, which allowed for the screening of mechanomarker expression without confounding directed migration effects. In terms of morphological markers, the cell aspect ratio showed a clear positive correlation to the underlying substrate stiffness, while no significant correlation was found in cell size, nuclear size, or nuclear aspect ratio. Conversely, expression of mechanomarkers (i.e., Lamin A, YAP, and MRTFa) all showed a highly significant correlation to stiffness, which could be disrupted via inhibition of non-muscle myosin or Rho/ROCK signalling. Furthermore, we showed that cells plated on stiffer regions became stiffer themselves, and that stem cells showed stiffness-dependent differentiation to fat or muscle as has been previously reported in the literature.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-05-2023
DOI: 10.2196/38245
Abstract: Social media has transformed the way health messages are communicated. This has created new challenges and ethical considerations while providing a platform to share nutrition information for communities to connect and for information to spread. However, research exploring the web-based diet communities of popular diets is limited. This study aims to characterize the web-based discourse of popular diets, describe information dissemination, identify influential voices, and explore interactions between community networks and themes of mental health. This exploratory study used Twitter social media posts for an online social network analysis. Popular diet keywords were systematically developed, and data were collected and analyzed using the NodeXL metrics tool (Social Media Research Foundation) to determine the key network metrics (vertices, edges, cluster algorithms, graph visualization, centrality measures, text analysis, and time-series analytics). The vegan and ketogenic diets had the largest networks, whereas the zone diet had the smallest network. In total, 31.2% (54/173) of the top users endorsed the corresponding diet, and 11% (19/173) claimed a health or science education, which included 1.2% (2/173) of dietitians. Complete fragmentation and hub and spoke messaging were the dominant network structures. In total, 69% (11/16) of the networks interacted, where the ketogenic diet was mentioned most, with depression and anxiety and eating disorder words most prominent in the “zone diet” network and the least prominent in the “soy-free,” “vegan,” “dairy-free,” and “gluten-free” diet networks. Social media activity reflects diet trends and provides a platform for nutrition information to spread through resharing. A longitudinal exploration of popular diet networks is needed to further understand the impact social media can have on dietary choices. Social media training is vital, and nutrition professionals must work together as a community to actively reshare evidence-based posts on the web.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2016.11.010
Abstract: Translating food intake data into phytochemical outcomes is a crucial step in investigating potential health benefits. The aim of this review was to examine the tools for determining dietary-derived polyphenol intakes for estimated intake studies. Published studies from 2004 to 2014 reporting polyphenol food composition information were sourced with 157 studies included. Six polyphenol subclasses were identified. One quarter of studies (n=39) reported total flavonoids intake with 27% reporting in idual flavonoid compounds. Assessing multiple compounds was common with approximately 10% of studies assessing seven (n=13), six (n=12) and five (n=14) subclasses of polyphenol. There was no pattern between reported flavonoids compounds and subclass studied. Approximately 60% of studies relied on publicly accessible food composition data to estimate dietary polyphenols intake with 33% using two or more tools. This review highlights the importance of publicly accessible composition databases for estimating polyphenol intake and provides a reference for tools available globally.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12425
Abstract: The trend of added sugar (AS) intake has not been investigated in the Australian population, including in older adults. The present study aimed to assess trends and food sources of AS intake among a cohort of older Australians during 15 years of follow-up. Dietary data from participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study (1264 men and 1614 women), aged ≥49 years at baseline, were collected. Dietary intakes were assessed at 5-yearly intervals (1992-94 to 2007-09) using a 145-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). AS content of FFQ food items was estimated using a stepwise systematic method. Trends for AS intake between baseline and the three follow-up periods were assessed using linear mixed modelling. In men, the mean (SEM) percentage of energy provided by AS intake (EAS%) declined from 10.4% (0.1%) at baseline to 9.4% (0.2%) at 15-year follow-up (P An overall downward trend was observed in AS intake in both genders, however, was only significant for men during 15 years of follow-up. Table sugar and sugar-containing spreads represent the major source of AS in this cohort of older Australians.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-05-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-11-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1399987
Abstract: Extensive evidence supports health benefits of cereal fibre, however globally no national intake data exists. This study aimed to determine estimates of intake and food sources of cereal fibre, and relationships to dietary fibre intake in an Australian s le population. A cereal fibre database was applied to dietary intake data from the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 12,153). Usual intake based on 2-day intake data was weighted to infer population results. Median daily cereal fibre intake was 6.4 g/d (9.7 g/10 MJ/d) for adults (19-85 years) and 6.2 g/d (10.2 g/10 MJ/d) for children/adolescents (2-18 years). In iduals with the highest cereal fibre intake were more likely to meet dietary fibre recommendations than those with the lowest intake (males Q4: 17.1% Q1: 3.9% females Q4: 20.3% Q1: 6.6%). Breakfast cereals, bread and bread rolls provided the most cereal fibre. This study provides first quantification of cereal fibre from all sources in an Australian national s le.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60255-8
Abstract: Computerized dietary assessment programs are often used for nutrition education research and practice. This article provides an informal overview of 29 dietary assessment programs mentioned in the literature covered by MEDLINE from 1996 to 2003, along with the components and capabilities of these programs derived from additional sources as needed. According to the literature, the advantages of using computers for dietary assessment include standardization of the questioning sequence, fast and easy processing, immediate results, and increased flexibility. The disadvantages include the need for typing skills and computer literacy, as well as potential bias in the responses if an interviewer is required.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 28-07-2016
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.5459
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12652
Abstract: The Health Star Rating (HSR) is a front-of-pack label designed to help Australian consumers identify healthier packaged foods. Price is an important determinant of food choice and yet no previous studies have examined the relationship between HSR and price. In the present study, we investigated whether (i) healthier packaged food products, as determined by HSR, are more expensive than less healthy alternatives and (ii) products displaying the HSR are more expensive than similar products that do not. Prices of three packaged foods categories (breakfast cereals, cereal-based bars and fruit juices) and nutrient data (to calculate HSR) were obtained from shopping receipts of approximately 1600 Australians between June 2014 and September 2016. Associations between HSR and price [per energy ($/100 kJ) and per unit ($/100 g)] for products of comparable package sizes were assessed by linear regression and the results are presented as differences in average price over the theoretical maximum range of HSR from 0.5 to 5 stars. The HSR of products was not consistently related to price. Small positive associations were observed for juice ($0.08/100 mL P = 0.03) and for cereal-based bars ($0.04/100 kJ P = 0.02). No other associations between HSR and price were observed (P ≥ 0.23). Products that displayed the HSR were no more expensive on average than products that received a similar HSR but did not display the HSR (P ≥ 0.16). In summary, the findings of the present study suggest that healthier packaged food products were not consistently more expensive than less healthy products and also that price is unlikely to be a barrier for consumers to use the HSR to select healthier packaged foods.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2012.10.017
Abstract: Replacing full-fat dairy products with reduced-fat varieties is a dietetic strategy for reducing energy intake while maintaining nutritional adequacy. This study aimed to explore the dietary outcomes of this recommendation in the context of weight loss. This study involved a secondary analysis of diet-history data for 86 adults (23 males and 63 females body mass index=31.1±3.4) who had completed 3 months of a weight-loss trial in 2009, including advice to consume reduced-fat dairy products. Dairy food intake was categorized using the Australian 1995 National Nutrition Survey food hierarchy. Paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests determined dairy product consumption change after dietetic intervention. Total fat and energy per day from dairy products decreased significantly, from 14.1±1.2 g to 5.8±0.6 g and 283±20 kcal to 223±14 kcal, respectively, and total carbohydrate from dairy products increased significantly (P=0.04). Only 19.7% of participants met their dietary target of two to three servings of dairy foods per day at 3 months. When analyzed by sex, males decreased their intake of dairy products significantly, from 377.63±62.3 g/day to 357.3±46.7 g/day. Despite consuming less fat from dairy products, females did not significantly reduce energy intake from these foods (P=0.05). This study indicated that men and women responded differently to advice to change from regular to reduced-fat dairy products. Of more concern, however, is that in a weight-loss context, both men and women might choose to consume fewer servings of this food category with significant nutritional implications. Overall, this research highlights the need to consider the impact of sex and the background diet when recommending reduced-fat dairy products in the weight-loss context.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.15066
Abstract: Modifiable lifestyle factors, including diet, may affect clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study assessed the relationships between diet, and disability, fatigue, and depression risk in people with MS. Participants from the Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a S le of people with Multiple sclerosis (HOLISM) international cohort were assessed over 2.5 years. Dietary data were obtained using a modified Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ), disability using the calculated Patient‐determined MS Severity Score (P‐MSSS), fatigue using the Fatigue Severity Scale, and depression risk using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2. Participants reported whether they were experiencing symptoms due to a recent relapse. Cross‐sectional and prospective relationships of diet and disease outcomes were explored, adjusted for relevant confounders. Among 1,346 participants, higher DHQ scores showed significant dose‐dependent associations with lower frequencies of severe disability, fatigue, and depression risk, cross‐sectionally. Prospectively, higher baseline DHQ scores were associated with a lower risk of increasing disability, those above the median having 41% and 36% lower risk of increasing disability, and 0.30 P‐MSSS points less disability progression, but were not associated with fatigue or depression risk. Meat consumption was associated with 0.22 P‐MSSS points higher disability cross‐sectionally, while prospectively, baseline meat consumption was associated with 76% higher risk of increasing disability and 0.18 P‐MSSS points higher disability progression. Dairy consumption showed mixed associations cross‐sectionally and prospectively. These results show that better quality of diet, as well as not consuming meat, were associated with reduced disability progression in people with MS. Substantiation of these findings in other settings may inform opportunities to manage disability progression in people with MS using dietary modifications.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13114104
Abstract: The vitamin D status of the United Kingdom (UK) African-Caribbean (AC) population remains under-researched, despite an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to darker skin phenotypes and living at a high latitude. This cross-sectional study explored the vitamin D status and intake of AC in iduals (n = 4046 with a valid serum 25(OH)D measurement) from the UK Biobank Cohort, aged ≥40 years at baseline (2006–2010). Over one third of the population were deficient ( nmol/L), 41.1% were insufficient (25–50 nmol/L) and 15.9% were sufficient ( nmol/L). Median (IQR) 25(OH)D was 30.0 (20.9) nmol/L. Logistic regression showed that brown/black skin phenotype, winter blood draw, not consuming oily fish and not using vitamin D supplements predicted increased odds of vitamin D deficiency, whilst older age and a summer or autumn blood draw were significantly associated with reduced odds of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent in this AC population and is of considerable concern given the in idual and societal implications of increased morbidity. Public health messaging for this group should focus on year-round vitamin D supplementation and increasing intakes of culturally appropriate vitamin D-rich foods. These data also support the urgent requirement for a revised vitamin D RNI for ethnic groups.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.15980
Abstract: Modifiable lifestyle factors, including diet, have been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression, but prospective evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to examine prospective relationships between quality of diet and subsequent disability over 7.5 years in an international cohort of people living with MS (pwMS). Data from 602 participants in the HOLISM (Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a S le of people with Multiple sclerosis) study were analysed. Quality of diet was assessed using the modified Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ). Disability was assessed using the Patient‐determined MS Severity Score (P‐MSSS). Characteristics of disability were assessed by log‐binomial, log‐multinomial and linear regression, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates, as appropriate. Higher baseline total DHQ scores ( –89, %) were associated with lower risks of increased P‐MSSS at 7.5 years (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23, 0.91 and aRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26, 0.89, respectively), and with less P‐MSSS accrual (aβ = −0.38, 95% CI −0.78, 0.01 and aβ = −0.44, 95% CI −0.81, −0.06). Of the DHQ domains, fat subscore was most strongly associated with subsequent disability. Participants with reducing baseline‐to‐2.5‐ years total DHQ scores had greater risk of increased P‐MSSS at 7.5 years (aRR 2.77, 95% CI 1.18, 6.53) and higher P‐MSSS accrual (aβ = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01, 0.60). Participants reporting baseline meat and dairy consumption had greater risk of increased P‐MSSS at 7.5 years (aRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.23, 3.45 and aRR 2.02, 95% CI 1.25, 3.25) and higher P‐MSSS accrual (aβ = 0.28, 95% CI 0.02, 0.54 and aβ = 0.43, 95% CI 0.16, 0.69, respectively). However, reported meat consumption was confounded by quality of diet. Changes in meat or dairy consumption from baseline were inconsistently associated with subsequent disability. We show for the first time robust long‐term associations between quality of diet and subsequent disability progression in pwMS. Subject to replication, dietary modification may represent a point of intervention for reducing disability in pwMS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSARD.2022.103710
Abstract: There is increasing interest in the role of diet in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression and whether a healthier diet may lead to improved health and wellbeing in people living with MS (plwMS). To assess the prospective relationship of the quality of dietary intakes with quality of life (QoL) in an international cohort of plwMS followed over 7.5 years. Data from the Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a S le of people with Multiple sclerosis (HOLISM) cohort from baseline to 7.5-year review were analysed. Quality of the diet was assessed using the Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ). QoL was measured by the MSQOL-54, including physical and mental health composite scores and multiple subdomains. Linear regression was used to determine cross-sectional and prospective relationships with QoL, adjusted for clinical and demographic covariates. Amongst 948 participants, median physical- and mental-health QoL scores at 7.5-year review were 66.9 and 78.2, respectively. Baseline total DHQ was positively associated with subsequent change in physical-QoL to 7.5-year review, such that participants in the top two quartiles of baseline DHQ had 0.65 and 0.64 higher physical-QoL per year, though a similar association with mental-QoL did not persist on adjustment. Baseline meat consumption was associated with 0.38 lower physical-QoL per year, while baseline dairy consumption was associated with 0.50 and 0.41 lower physical- and mental-QoL per year, respectively. These results suggest efforts to improve the quality of dietary intake could be beneficial to the wellbeing of plwMS. Subject to replication, this aspect of lifestyle could be a useful intervention in better managing MS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-07-2021
DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1942830
Abstract: This study investigated epigenetic risk factors that may contribute to stress-related cardiac disease in a rodent model. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a), a known modulator of both stress responses and cardiac pathophysiology, in the heart of male adult rats exposed to a single or repeated episodes of social defeat stress. Moreover, RNA sequencing was conducted to identify transcriptomic profile changes in the heart of repeatedly stressed rats. Experiment 2 was designed to assess cardiac electromechanical changes induced by repeated social defeat stress that may predispose rats to cardiac dysfunction. Results indicated a larger cardiac miR-34a expression after repeated social defeat stress compared to a control condition. This molecular modification was associated with increased vulnerability to pharmacologically induced arrhythmias and signs of systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Gene expression analysis identified clusters of differentially expressed genes in the heart of repeatedly stressed rats that are mainly associated with morphological and functional properties of the mitochondria and may be directly regulated by miR-34a. These results suggest the presence of an association between miR-34a overexpression and signs of adverse electromechanical remodeling in the heart of rats exposed to repeated social defeat stress, and point to compromised mitochondria efficiency as a potential mediator of this link. This rat model may provide a useful tool for investigating the causal relationship between miR-34a expression, mitochondrial (dys)function, and cardiac alterations under stressful conditions, which could have important implications in the context of stress-related cardiac disease.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 13-02-2017
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.5806
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1159/000248544
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/NBU.12592
Abstract: The adoption of vegetarian‐based dietary patterns among athletes has been gaining popularity. However, limited research examines the dietary behaviours within this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine self‐reported dietary behaviours in a cohort of physically active in iduals following vegetarian‐based dietary patterns, recruited via social media. A 52‐item online survey was created with questions related to demographics, physical activity, eating patterns and supplementation use. An external link to the Australian Automated Self‐Administered 24‐h (ASA24‐AU) recall was included to examine nutrient intakes. Dietary quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (AHEI‐2010) and the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) tools. A total of 781 (84.8%) respondents completed the survey in 2018. Principal motives for adhering to a vegetarian‐based dietary pattern included animal rights (86.5%), environmental concerns (75.4%), health reasons (69.6%) and improving physical performance (24.1%). Vitamin B12 was the most commonly reported supplement (58.1%) followed by protein powder (36.3%) and vitamin D (35.9%). A total of 133 respondents completed the ASA24‐AU dietary recall with generally adequate nutrient intakes and a high‐quality diet as assessed by the AHEI‐2010 and DPI. A significant minority of physically active in iduals following vegetarian‐based diets do so with the aspiration of improving their exercise performance. Dietary quality was considered high in this group for recreational physical activity, although intakes of vitamin B12 and LC n ‐3 PUFA were low.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12790
Abstract: Consumption of food groups aligning with dietary guidelines is advised for obesity management and was used in a recent lifestyle intervention trial, the Health Track study. We have conducted a number of dietary pattern analyses on this trial but, with recent access to the new Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) food composition database, we can now assess ADG adherence, with the advantage of categorising mixed dishes. The present study aimed to compare changes over time in consumption of ADG food groups. Secondary analysis of baseline and three-month diet history data was conducted. Participants received in idualised dietary advice (I), in idualised dietary advice plus 30 g of walnuts per day (IW) or usual care (C). The ADG database was used to determine food group servings with changes in five food groups used as a measure of dietary quality. Fruit and vegetable intakes increased in the IW (+0.4 and +1.1 serves, P 0.05) arms. Consumption of meat rotein foods increased in the IW arm (+0.3 serves, P > 0.05) but decreased in the I and C arms (both - 0.4 serves, P < 0.05). Consumption of grains and milk/alternatives decreased in all study arms (P < 0.05). Greater improvements in grain and dairy food quality were observed in the intervention arms. The ADG database enabled ADG specific food group analysis, addressed food quality and showed the HealthTrack intervention increased adherence to dietary guidelines compared to usual care.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-02-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10020216
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518001587
Abstract: Understanding food choices made for meals in overweight and obese in iduals may aid strategies for weight loss tailored to their eating habits. However, limited studies have explored food choices at meal occasions. The aim of this study was to identify the usual food choices for meals of overweight and obese volunteers for a weight-loss trial. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using screening diet history data from a 12-month weight-loss trial (the HealthTrack study). A descriptive data mining tool, the Apriori algorithm of association rules, was applied to identify food choices at meal occasions using a nested hierarchical food group classification system. Overall, 432 breakfasts, 428 lunches, 432 dinners and 433 others (meals) were identified from the intake data ( n 433 participants). A total of 142 items of closely related food clusters were identified at three food group levels. At the first sub-food group level, bread emerged as central to food combinations at lunch, but unprocessed meat appeared for this at dinner. The dinner meal was characterised by more varieties of vegetables and of foods in general. The definitions of food groups played a pivotal role in identifying food choice patterns at main meals. Given the large number of foods available, having an understanding of eating patterns in which key foods drive overall meal content can help translate and develop novel dietary strategies for weight loss at the in idual level.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 27-05-2020
Abstract: espite the increasing use of mobile health (mHealth) services, such as mHealth apps or SMS text messaging services, that support the patient self-management of chronic conditions, many existing mHealth services lack theoretical guidance. In addition, although often the target audience for requirement acquisition at the initial mHealth app design stage, it is a common challenge for them to fully conceptualize their needs for mHealth services that help self-manage chronic conditions. his study proposes a novel co-design approach with the initial requirements for mHealth services proposed by clinicians based on their experiences in guiding patients to self-manage chronic conditions. A design case is presented to illustrate our innovative approach to designing an mHealth app that supports the self-management of patients with obesity in their preparation for elective surgery. e adopted a clinician-led co-design approach. The co-design approach consisted of the following four cyclic phases: understanding user needs, identifying an applicable underlying theory, integrating the theory into the prototype design, and evaluating and refining the prototype mHealth services with patients. Expert panel discussions, a literature review, intervention mapping, and patient focus group discussions were conducted in these four phases. n stage 1, the expert panel proposed the following three common user needs: motivational, educational, and supportive needs. In stage 2, the team selected the Social Cognitive Theory to guide the app design. In stage 3, the team designed and developed the key functions of the mHealth app, including automatic push notifications web-based resources goal setting and monitoring and interactive health-related exchanges that encourage physical activity, healthy eating, psychological preparation, and a positive outlook for elective surgery. Push notifications were designed in response to a patient’s risk level, as informed by the person’s response to a baseline health survey. In stage 4, the prototype mHealth app was used to capture further requirements from patients in the two focus group discussions. Focus group participants affirmed the potential benefits of the app and suggested more requirements for the function, presentation, and personalization needs. The app was improved based on these suggestions. his study reports an innovative co-design approach that was used to leverage the clinical experiences of clinicians to produce the initial prototype app and the approach taken to allow patients to effectively voice their needs and expectations for the mHealth app in a focus group discussion. This approach can be generalized to the design of any mHealth service that aims to support the patient self-management of chronic conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 05-11-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17724-9
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/PY05043
Abstract: As part of a larger study developing dietary software, this study aims to evaluate a s le of potential users for their experience and comfort with computers, and assess the preferred program design and navigation features for the development of the automated diet history interview. A telephone-based questionnaire and focus groups were employed to evaluate the perceptions, beliefs and attitudes of 37 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were also shown a range of existing dietary assessment programs and asked to state their perceptions of each. Data was coded and thematically analysed based on computer use, software features, dietary assessment and nutrition programs using N-Vivo software. Three participants had never used a computer, yet others had used computers, and were comfortable using them. For navigation about the program, a preference toward text was identified whilst photographs were preferred for determining food portion sizes. Reduction in the complexity of screen layouts was important and the time to be spent using the program varied widely with a minimum of 10 minutes reported. Development of the computerised dietary assessment program must ensure simplicity of the interface design and flexibility of the locations of use for the older computer user.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 2018
Abstract: Background Clinical trials are an important research method for improving medical knowledge and patient care. Multiple international and national guidelines stipulate the need for data quality and assurance. Many strategies and interventions are developed to reduce error in trials, including standard operating procedures, personnel training, data monitoring, and design of case report forms. However, guidelines are nonspecific in the nature and extent of necessary methods. Objective This article gathers information about current data quality tools and procedures used within Australian clinical trial sites, with the aim to develop standard data quality monitoring procedures to ensure data integrity. Methods Relevant information about data quality management methods and procedures, error levels, data monitoring, staff training, and development were collected. Staff members from 142 clinical trials listed on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) clinical trials Web site were invited to complete a short self-reported semiquantitative anonymous online survey. Results Twenty (14%) clinical trials completed the survey. Results from the survey indicate that procedures to ensure data quality varies among clinical trial sites. Centralized monitoring (65%) was the most common procedure to ensure high-quality data. Ten (50%) trials reported having a data management plan in place and two sites utilized an error acceptance level to minimize discrepancy, set at % and 5 to 10%, respectively. The quantity of data variables checked (10–100%), the frequency of visits (once-a-month to annually), and types of variables (100%, critical data or critical and noncritical data audits) for data monitoring varied among respondents. The average time spent on staff training per person was 11.58 hours over a 12-month period and the type of training was erse. Conclusion Clinical trial sites are implementing ad hoc methods pragmatically to ensure data quality. Findings highlight the necessity for further research into “standard practice” focusing on developing and implementing publicly available data quality monitoring procedures.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12874-021-01385-9
Abstract: Fundamental to the success of clinical research that involves human participants is the quality of the data that is generated. To ensure data quality, clinical trials must comply with the Good Clinical Practice guideline which recommends data monitoring. To date, the guideline is broad, requires technology for enforcement, follows strict industry standards, mostly designed for drug-registration trials and based on informal consensus. It is also unknown what challenges clinical trials and researchers face in implementing data monitoring procedures. Thus, this study aimed to describe researcher experiences with data quality monitoring in clinical trials. We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews following a guided-phenomenological approach. Participants were recruited from the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and were researchers affiliated with a listed clinical study. Each transcript was analysed with inductive thematic analysis before thematic categorisation of themes from all transcripts. Primary, secondary and subthemes were categorised according to the emerging relationships. Data saturation were reached after interviewing seven participants. Five primary themes, two secondary themes and 21 subthemes in relation to data quality monitoring emerged from the data. The five primary themes included: education and training, ways of working, working with technology, working with data, and working within regulatory requirements. The primary theme ‘education and training’ influenced the other four primary themes. While ‘working with technology’ influenced the ‘way of working’. All other themes had reciprocal relationships. There was no relationship reported between ‘working within regulatory requirements’ and ‘working with technology’. The researchers experienced challenges in meeting regulatory requirements, using technology and fostering working relationships for data quality monitoring. Clinical trials implemented a variety of data quality monitoring procedures tailored to their situation and study context. Standardised frameworks that are accessible to all types of clinical trials are needed with an emphasis on education and training.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14183819
Abstract: (1) Background: Despite the postulated importance of choline during pregnancy, little is known about the choline intake of Australians during pregnancy. In this study, we estimated dietary intakes of choline in early and late pregnancy, compared those intakes to recommendations, and investigated food sources of choline in a group of pregnant women in Australia. (2) Methods: 103 pregnant women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. In early pregnancy (12–16 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (36 weeks gestation), women completed a food frequency questionnaire designed to assess dietary intake over the previous month. (3) Results: Choline intakes and sources were similar in early and late pregnancy. Median choline intake in early pregnancy was 362 mg/day. Of the women, 39% and 25% had choline intakes above the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) adequate intake (AI) of mg/day and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) AI of mg/day for choline in pregnancy, respectively. Eggs, red meat, nuts, legumes, and dairy accounted for 50% of choline intake, with eggs being the most significant contributor at 17%. (4) Conclusions: Few pregnant women in our study met the AI recommended by the NHMRC and EFSA. In Australia, choline intake in pregnancy may need to be improved, but further work to define choline requirements in pregnancy is required.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-023-01271-1
Abstract: Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been linked to risk of chronic diseases, with scant evidence in relation to multiple sclerosis (MS). We tested associations between UPF consumption and likelihood of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD) (267 cases, 508 controls), a common precursor to MS. We used data from the 2003–2006 Ausimmune Study and logistic regression with full propensity score matching for age, sex, region of residence, education, smoking history, body mass index, physical activity, history of infectious mononucleosis, dietary misreporting, and total energy intake. Higher UPF consumption was statistically significantly associated with an increased likelihood of FCD (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08 95% confidence interval = 1.0,1.15 p = 0.039), representing an 8% increase in likelihood of FCD per one energy-adjusted serving/day of UPFs. Higher intakes of UPF were associated with increased likelihood of FCD in this Australian cohort. Nutrition education and awareness of healthy eating patterns may benefit those at high risk of FCD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-08-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021003220
Abstract: Few studies have examined the healthy eating environments within the Australian out of school hours care (OSHC) setting. This study aims to describe healthy eating environments, consisting of: (a) the alignment of provided food and beverages to Australian Dietary Guidelines (b) healthy eating promotion practices (c) nutrition education through cooking experiences (d) staff role modelling healthy eating and (e) regular water availability. A cross-sectional study was conducted using direct observations and the validated System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN) tool. OSHC located in urban and semi-rural regions of NSW, Australia. Staff (151) and children (1549) attending twelve OSHC services operating in the hours after school. Fifty per cent (50 %) of services offered fruits and 100 % offered water as a part of the afternoon snack on all four observation days. Discretionary foods were offered on more days compared to vegetables (+1·9/d, P = 0·009), lean meats (+2·7/d, P =·0 004) and wholegrains (+2·8/d, P = 0 002). Staff promoted healthy eating on 15 % of days, sat and ate with children 52 %, consumed high sugar drinks 15 % and ate discretionary foods in front of children 8 % of days, respectively. No opportunities for cooking or nutrition education were observed. Afternoon snacks regularly contained fruits and water. Opportunities exist to improve the frequency by which vegetables, wholegrains and lean meats are offered in addition to staff healthy eating promotion behaviours. Future research is warranted to further explore healthy eating behaviours, practices and policies within the after-school sector.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 30-10-2009
DOI: 10.1108/00346650911003011
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to summarise analysed nutrient data for Australian chicken meat and compare analysed data for Australian chicken meat with overseas data. Analysed nutrient data for Australian chicken meat was compared with publicly available English language databases from overseas countries. Where similar cuts were available, ratio plots were developed to determine similarities and differences. Baked chicken leg was highest in total fat and wings were composed of the greatest amount of monounsaturated fat. Nutrient values for calcium, zinc and vitamin E were greatest in the chicken leg, iron in the chicken thigh and the B vitamins varied between chicken breast (niacin), chicken thigh (riboflavin and thiamin). Data for Australian chicken meat was most different from European data and most similar to New Zealand data. The greatest variations were identified for the total fat and fatty acid values. The large differences signify the importance of using local nutrient values and the need to regularly update food composition databases with analysed rather than calculated data. This paper is unique as it provides comprehensive nutrient data for a lean meat source which is popular in Australia. The study also indicates the limitations associated with sourcing food composition data from other databases, despite using the same food name.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12745
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 15-05-2017
Abstract: Mechanobiology is receiving an increasing amount of focus, but the mechanics of cell-substrate behavior are often neglected in cell biology. As such, novel materials and systems that are simple to build and share in a nonengineering laboratory are sorely needed. We have fabricated gradient hydrogels with continuous linear gradients above and below the durotactic threshold, making it possible to pinpoint optimal stiffness values for a wide range of biological phenomena without the confounding effects of durotaxis. This system has the potential for wide adoption in the cell biology community because of its ease of fabrication, simple material ingredients, and wide gradient possibilities in a single well.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-05-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FNEUR.2022.888559
Abstract: The evidence associating consumption of dairy products and risk of MS is contradictory and inconclusive. To test associations between dairy consumption and the likelihood of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD), a common precursor to MS. We used data from the 2003–2006 Ausimmune Study, a population-based Australian, multicentre, matched case-control study (272 cases, 519 controls). Total dairy consumption (servings/day) was calculated by summing consumption of milk, cheese and yogurt. Covariate-adjusted treatment effects using augmented inverse probability weighting was used to test for associations with FCD. We conducted sensitivity analyses in the subset of participants who had had a classic first demyelinating event (FDE), defined as a single, first episode of symptoms suggestive of CNS demyelination. There were no statistically significant associations between total dairy consumption (per one serving/day) and FCD (adjusted OR 1.00 95% CI 0.93, 1.07 p = 0.979). However, yogurt consumption (vs. no yogurt consumption) was associated with an 11% decreased likelihood of FDE (adjusted OR 0.89 95% CI 0.89, 0.79 p = 0.046). While total dairy consumption was not associated with FCD in this Australian case-control study, yogurt consumption was associated with reduced likelihood of FDE.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUTRES.2011.08.008
Abstract: Dietary trials may link macronutrient intakes to health outcomes, but adherence to dietary targets requires advice based on an understanding of food composition and consumption patterns. Using data from a weight loss trial, we hypothesized that structured advice would be required for significant fat modification to occur. We compared participants' food choice patterns in response to advice based on a structured "whole-of-diet" model vs a general approach to healthy eating. Overweight participants (n = 122) were randomized to 2 advice arms (saturated fat [SFA] < 10% energy [E]): (1) general low fat (LF) control-(a) isoenergy, (b) -2000 kJ and (2) structured LF high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) (∼10% energy PUFA PUFA to SFA ratio ≥1) (LF-PUFA)-(a) isoenergy, (b) -2000 kJ. Intakes of E and fat and fat from food groups (percentage of total fat intake) were compared at baseline, 3 months, P < .05. Baseline diets were similar, with most fat from high-SFA foods (59%): meat and milk-based staple meals and high-fat snacks. By 3 months, all groups reduced E and met the SFA target. Polyunsaturated fat targets were met by the LF-PUFA groups only (P < .001), enabling targeted between-group differences. In response to general advice, LF groups simply switched to LF alternatives of the same foods (P < .05). In comparison, LF-PUFA groups shifted fat intake to high-PUFA choices (54%), consuming more fat than controls from nuts (P < .001), whole grains (P < .001), and oils and spreads (P < .05). Significant reductions in E were achieved regardless of advice, but significant shifts in dietary fat profile relied on structured whole-of-diet advice on a range of meal and snack food sources of fat subtypes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-03-2014
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2014.39
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: KARGER
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1159/000152937
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSARD.2022.103910
Abstract: Many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) modify their dietary intake post diagnosis, but there is little evidence that dietary modifications influence MS outcomes. People with a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination were followed annually for 10 years. Depression, anxiety, and fatigue were assessed at the 5-and 10-year reviews using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale, respectively. Dietary intake in the preceding 12 months was assessed at baseline, and 5-and 10-year reviews using a food frequency questionnaire. We used the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and the Diet Quality Tracker (DQT) to assess diet quality. A higher diet quality in the previous 12 months using the ARFS score, but not the DQT, was associated with lower levels of depression (e.g., highest vs lowest quartile: β=-1.35,95%CI=-2.44,-0.26,p=0.01), but neither score was associated with anxiety or fatigue. After assessing diet quality prospectively with outcomes five years later, we found that higher ARFS score, but not DQT score, was associated with lower levels of subsequent anxiety and depression (highest vs lowest quartile Anxiety: β=-1.61,95%CI=-2.76,-0.46,p=0.01, Depression: β=-1.25,95%CI=-2.44,-0.07,p=0.04), but not fatigue. No associations were observed between diet quality and subsequent change in depression and anxiety over five years, although an association was observed between diet quality and change in fatigue (e.g., highest vs lowest DQT quartile: β=-1.06,95%CI=-1.92,-0.21,p=0.02). When examining the cumulative effect of diet quality across the study period with our 10-year outcomes, only the cumulative DQT score was associated with depression but not anxiety or fatigue. We found significant inverse associations between diet quality and depression and anxiety, but the effect sizes were modest and there was a lack of consistency between the two diet quality measures (ARFS and DQT). A diet measure that correlates with diet quality might underlie our observed associations.
Publisher: Society for Clinical Management
Date: 17-12-2021
DOI: 10.47912/JSCDM.62
Abstract: The practice of clinical data management (CDM) in Australia has seen and continues to experience tremendous growth. As such, this article reviews the current practice of CDM in Australia. The article addresses the history of the profession and provides insight into the difference between the sectors, the evolving role, ongoing requirements for training and education, and an overview of the regulations and how these impact the Australian CDM landscape. Current practice of CDM in Australia differs considerably between industry, academic, and non-profit sectors though the uniform regulatory requirements are provided nationwide. This has raised challenges for mostly academic, non-profit, and small-scale trials which are more likely to lack access to resources, facilities, management, and funding. Australian clinical data managers are required to have formal skills related to data, technology, security, and project management, though they are also expected to operate at the highest levels of excellence across all areas of their erse roles. It is only in recent years that CDM has evolved to a stronger focus on data quality. Regardless of these challenges, clinical data managers have played, and continue to play, a key role in Australian biomedical research. They have provided guidance on data collection, processing, and management procedures to ensure that studies achieve high quality outcomes. However, more research is needed to develop specific CDM training courses to help Australian clinical data managers to meet a standard of knowledge, education, and experience to be officially recognised as a profession.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-11-2019
Abstract: Recent studies have found discordant mechanosensitive outcomes when comparing 2D and 3D, highlighting the need for tools to study mechanotransduction in 3D across a wide spectrum of stiffness. A gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel with a continuous stiffness gradient ranging from 5 to 38 kPa was developed to recapitulate physiological stiffness conditions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were encapsulated in this hydrogel, and their morphological characteristics and expression of both mechanosensitive proteins (Lamin A, YAP, and MRTFa) and differentiation markers (PPARγ and RUNX2) were analyzed. Low-stiffness regions (∼8 kPa) permitted increased cellular and nuclear volume and enhanced mechanosensitive protein localization in the nucleus. This trend was reversed in high stiffness regions (∼30 kPa), where decreased cellular and nuclear volumes and reduced mechanosensitive protein nuclear localization were observed. Interestingly, cells in soft regions exhibited enhanced osteogenic RUNX2 expression, while those in stiff regions upregulated the adipogenic regulator PPARγ, suggesting that volume, not substrate stiffness, is sufficient to drive 3D stem cell differentiation. Inhibition of myosin II (Blebbistatin) and ROCK (Y-27632), both key drivers of actomyosin contractility, resulted in reduced cell volume, especially in low-stiffness regions, causing a decorrelation between volume expansion and mechanosensitive protein localization. Constitutively active and inactive forms of the canonical downstream mechanotransduction effector TAZ were stably transfected into ASCs. Activated TAZ resulted in higher cellular volume despite increasing stiffness and a consistent, stiffness-independent translocation of YAP and MRTFa into the nucleus. Thus, volume adaptation as a function of 3D matrix stiffness can control stem cell mechanotransduction and differentiation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-03-2015
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is a nutritional review of the scientific literature of four Rubus varieties: raspberry, blackberry, boysenberry and loganberry. The study aimed to review the scientific literature related to Rubus and the bioactives and key nutrients. – Nutrient data were obtained from Australia and New Zealand, where Australian data were absent to provide an overview of the existing and available nutrient composition data, a review of the scientific literature using defined search terms in the Web of Science and Scopus databases for the years 2001-2011 was conducted. The primary components of Rubus are the water-soluble vitamins. – A review of Australian and New Zealand nutrient composition databases revealed that Rubus can range from 184 to 293 kJ energy, 0.3 to 0.7 per cent total fat content, 1.1 to 1.5 per cent protein, 4.9 to 7.5 per cent carbohydrate and 34 to 63 mg/100 g folate and 9 to 38 mg/100 g vitamin C. Many publications have addressed the nutrient content of the berries in idually with 24 identified in this project relating to raspberries, 15 for blackberries, 3 for boysenberries and 2 for loganberries. – Research relating to bioactive compounds in Rubus berries appears to be targeted towards those more commonly consumed and readily available in Australia. – The most commonly identified bioactives were the phenolic compounds with ellagic acid, the specific bionutrient of interest. This suggests the need for a targeted approach to build a consistent set of values for bioactive compounds in Rubus berries. – Given the growing interest in phytochemical compounds and their inclusion in Australian Dietary Guidelines, collation of analytical data for specific food categories is vital.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-09-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521003913
Abstract: Avocados are a rich source of nutrients including monounsaturated fats, dietary fibre, potassium and Mg, as well as phytochemicals. However, no epidemiological analysis for the associations between avocado consumption and participant anthropometric measures has been conducted in Australia. The present study aimed to perform a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) to quantify avocado consumption in the Australian population and explore the associations between avocado intakes, consumption of nutrients and food groups based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines and anthropometric measurements. Usual avocado consumption in the 2011–2012, NNPAS was determined using the multiple source method regression model. The relationship between avocado consumption and intakes of key nutrients and food groups and participant weight, BMI and waist circumference were examined using linear regression. Mean avocado intake was 2·56 (95 % CI: 2·37, 2·75) grams per day with 15·9 % of Australians considered to be ‘avocado consumers’ ( n 21 526 456 population size n 12 153 observations). Greater consumption (g) of avocados was associated with significantly higher consumption of monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, dietary fibre, vitamin E, Mg and potassium, as well as ‘whole grains’, ‘vegetables’, ‘fruit’ and ‘meat and alternatives’ food groups. Greater consumption (g) of avocados was associated with significantly lower consumption of carbohydrates and discretionary foods. When adjusted for covariates, greater consumption of avocados was significantly associated with a lower body weight ( P = 0·034), BMI ( P 0·001) and waist circumference ( P 0·001). Avocados may be incorporated into an eating pattern and may be beneficial in weight management.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-10-2018
Abstract: Packaged foods dominate Australia's food supply and are important contributors to nutrition-related disease. To help address this problem, the Food and Health Dialogue (FHD) was launched in 2009, setting voluntary sodium reduction targets for various categories of packaged foods. The aim of this study was to examine the food industry's progress and compliance with the FHD sodium reduction targets for soup products. Nutritional information was collected from product labels of all soup products available from four major Australian supermarkets annually between 2011 and 2014. Products were assigned to categories in line with those in the FHD. The proportion of soup products meeting sodium reduction targets was examined by (i) soup category (ii) FHD participant status and (iii) manufacturer. A 6% reduction in sodium levels in soups overall was found from 2011 to 2014 (P = 0.002). Significant reductions were observed for FHD participants (P < 0.05 for all) but not for non-participants. In 2014, 67% dry soups and 76% of wet soups met national sodium reduction targets. Despite the majority of soup products meeting the sodium reduction targets specified by the FHD, re-evaluation of the targets may be required to further reduce sodium levels in soups. Manufacturers participating in the FHD are likely to be driving sodium reductions in the Australian soup market, further highlighting the need for continued government leadership in this area to ensure all manufacturers are actively involved in the process.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12647
Abstract: Anthocyanins represent an important subgroup of non-nutritive components of food as evidence continues to build related to their beneficial bioactive effects. Using a recently developed Australian anthocyanin database, the present study aimed to estimate the intake of both total anthocyanins and their subclasses, identify food sources of anthocyanins, and determine associations between anthocyanin intake and measured blood pressure (BP). The present study comprised a secondary analysis of the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity component of the Australian Health Survey. Anthocyanin intake was estimated using an Australian anthocyanin database. Usual anthocyanin intake, as estimated from 24-h diet recall data, was computed using multiple source methods, whereas food sources were determined by calculating contribution of food groups to total anthocyanin intake. Regression analysis, adjusted for covariates (age, gender, body mass index, high BP diagnosis, smoking status and physical activity) assessed the relationship between anthocyanin intake and BP in adults aged ≥50 years. Mean anthocyanin intake was 24.17 ± 0.32 mg day In comparison with the world composite database, anthocyanin intake in the Australian population was above average [mean (SD): 24.17 (0.32) mg day
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-12652-9
Abstract: Out of school hours care (OSHC) is a fast-growing childcare setting in Australia, however the types of foods and beverages offered are relatively unknown. This study describes the food and beverages offered and investigates sector-level and setting-level factors which may impact OSHC in meeting the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 89 OSHC services (between 2018 and 2019). Food and beverages offered, kitchen facilities and menus were captured via direct observation. Foods were categorised into five food groups or discretionary foods, based on the ADG, and frequencies determined. Short interviews with OSHC directors ascertained healthy eating policies, staff training, food quality assessment methods and food budgets. Fisher’s exact test explored the influence of sector-level and setting-level factors on food provision behaviours. Discretionary foods (1.5 ± 0.68) were offered more frequently than vegetables (0.82 ± 0.80) ( p .001), dairy (0.97 ± 0.81) ( p = .013) and lean meats (0.22 ± 0.54) ( p .001). OSHC associated with long day care and reported using valid food quality assessment methods offered more lean meats ( p = .002, and p = .004). Larger organisations offered more vegetables ( p = .015) and discretionary foods ( p = .007). Menus with clearly worded instructions to provide fruits and vegetables daily offered more fruit ( p = .009), vegetables ( p .001) and whole grains ( p = .003). No other sector or setting-level factors were associated with services aligning with the ADG. Future interventions could benefit from trialling menu planning training and tools to assist OSHC services in NSW meet the ADG requirements.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Abstract: To review the evidence for the role of dietary modifications in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms. A systematic literature review was guided by PRISMA and conducted using Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and PsycINFO scientific databases (1994-2016) to identify relevant studies. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, the quality of each paper was assessed and data extracted into a standardised tabular format. Positive outcomes were highlighted in some included studies for polyphenol intakes in animal studies, D-ribose supplementation in humans and aspects of symptom alleviation for one of three polynutrient supplement studies. Omega three fatty acid blood levels and supplementation with an omega three fatty acid supplement also displayed positive outcomes in relation to chronic fatigue syndrome symptom alleviation. Limited dietary modifications were found useful in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms, with overall evidence narrow and inconsistent across studies. Implications for public health: Due to the in idual and community impairment chronic fatigue syndrome causes the population, it is vital that awareness and further focused research on this topic is undertaken to clarify and consolidate recommendations and ensure accurate, useful distribution of information at a population level.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2022
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 24-04-2018
DOI: 10.2196/CARDIO.8718
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-03-2022
Abstract: ocial media has transformed the way health messages are communicated. This has created new challenges and ethical considerations while providing a platform to share nutrition information for communities to connect and for information to spread. However, research exploring the web-based diet communities of i opular diets /i is limited. his study aims to characterize the web-based discourse of popular diets, describe information dissemination, identify influential voices, and explore interactions between community networks and themes of mental health. his exploratory study used Twitter social media posts for an online social network analysis. Popular diet keywords were systematically developed, and data were collected and analyzed using the NodeXL metrics tool (Social Media Research Foundation) to determine the key network metrics (vertices, edges, cluster algorithms, graph visualization, centrality measures, text analysis, and time-series analytics). he vegan and ketogenic diets had the largest networks, whereas the zone diet had the smallest network. In total, 31.2% (54/173) of the top users endorsed the corresponding diet, and 11% (19/173) claimed a health or science education, which included 1.2% (2/173) of dietitians. Complete fragmentation and hub and spoke messaging were the dominant network structures. In total, 69% (11/16) of the networks interacted, where the ketogenic diet was mentioned most, with depression and anxiety and eating disorder words most prominent in the “zone diet” network and the least prominent in the “soy-free,” “vegan,” “dairy-free,” and “gluten-free” diet networks. ocial media activity reflects diet trends and provides a platform for nutrition information to spread through resharing. A longitudinal exploration of popular diet networks is needed to further understand the impact social media can have on dietary choices. Social media training is vital, and nutrition professionals must work together as a community to actively reshare evidence-based posts on the web.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-08-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2020
DOI: 10.1111/NBU.12427
Start Date: 2022
End Date: 2018
Funder: Multiple Sclerosis Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 2015
Funder: University of Wollongong
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2021
Funder: NSW Ministry of Health
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2017
Funder: Deakin University
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: End date not available
Funder: University of Wollongong
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 2005
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 06-2019
End Date: 06-2024
Amount: $404,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2014
End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $154,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity