ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2523-5565
Current Organisations
Australian Catholic University - North Sydney Campus
,
Australian Catholic University - Strathfield Campus
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Curriculum and Pedagogy | Physical Education and Development Curriculum and Pedagogy | Psychology | Learning Sciences | Health Promotion | Mathematics and Numeracy Curriculum and Pedagogy | Secondary Education | Computer Vision | Educational Psychology | Developmental Psychology and Ageing
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Education and Training Systems not elsewhere classified | Pedagogy | Learner Development | Teacher and Instructor Development | Behaviour and Health | Health Education and Promotion |
Related Links
Publications
An intervention to improve teachers' interpersonally involving instructional practices in high school physical education: Implications for student relatedness support and in-class experiences
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2017
Abstract: Research grounded in self-determination theory has demonstrated the important role of teachers in shaping students' physical education experiences. Utilizing a cluster-randomized controlled design, this study aimed to examine whether an interpersonally involving training program based on self-determination theory principles could enhance students' in-class experiences. With 18 teachers (males = 8, females = 10, M
A school-based intervention incorporating smartphone technology to improve health-related fitness among adolescents: rationale and study protocol for the NEAT and ATLAS 2.0 cluster randomised controll
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2016
The Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS): Instrument development and initial validity evidence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Basic psychological need satisfaction toward learning: A longitudinal test of mediation using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000283
The Relationship Between Self-Determined Motivation and Physical Activity in Adolescent Boys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2013.05.007
Abstract: Physical education (PE) lessons and leisure-time represent two important opportunities for adolescents to accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Framed by self-determination theory, this study investigated how much of the observed variation in adolescent boys' MVPA levels (during PE and leisure-time) was explained by in idual- and class-level motivation. Cross-sectional design. Adolescent boys (N = 61, M = 14.36 years, SD = .48 years) completed motivation questionnaires and wore an accelerometer during a PE lesson and across 7 consecutive days. Self-determined motivation toward PE predicted MVPA during PE lessons (R(2) = .31). Self-determined motivation toward leisure-time physical activity was positively associated with MVPA during leisure-time (R(2) = .08). Findings support the tenets of self-determination theory and suggest that motivation may be an important correlate of adolescent boys' MVPA in PE lessons and during leisure-time. Also, results indicated that teachers' behavior may be an important determinant of MVPA in PE lessons, while in idual motivation may be more important in leisure-time.
Theory-driven group-based complex intervention to support self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain in primary care physiotherapy: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled feasibility tr
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2016
A monitoring system to provide feedback on student physical activity during physical education lessons
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.13438
Abstract: School-based physical education (PE) provides opportunities to accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but many students are insufficiently active during PE lessons. Providing teachers with feedback regarding their students' physical activity may increase the effectiveness of PE for achieving MVPA goals, but existing physical activity monitoring technologies have limitations in class environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a system capable of providing feedback on PE lesson MVPA. Equations for translating step counts to %MVPA were derived from measures in 492 students who concurrently wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) and Yamax pedometer (Yamax) during a PE lesson. To enhance feedback availability during PE lessons, we then developed a bespoke monitoring system using wireless tri-axial pedometers (HMM) and a smart device app. After developing and testing the monitoring system, we assessed its validity and reliability in 100 students during a PE lesson. There was a strong correlation of 0.896 between step counts and accelerometer-determined %MVPA and quantile regression equations showed good validity for translating step counts to %MVPA with a mean absolute difference of 5.3 (95% CI, 4.4-6.2). The physical activity monitoring system was effective at providing %MVPA during PE lessons with a mean difference of 1.6 ± 7.1 compared with accelerometer-determined %MVPA (7% difference between the two measurement methods). Teachers and students can use a smart device app and wireless pedometers to conveniently obtain feedback during PE lessons. Future studies should determine whether such technologies help teachers to increase physical activity during PE lessons.
Influences of Two-Year Professional Education Delivered in English on Japanese Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students’ English Vocabulary and International Perspectives: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1097/JTE.0000000000000131
Abstract: Low levels of English proficiency among Japanese physiotherapists pose serious barriers to implement evidence-based practice and think about their careers in global terms. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the influences of a series of lectures regarding various physiotherapy topics conducted in English, on Japanese undergraduate physiotherapy students’ English vocabulary and international perspectives. Twelve students from Tokyo University of Technology participated in a total of 60 lectures throughout 2 years. On a weekly basis, 90-minute physiotherapy lectures were conducted in English. Another 12 students who did not participate in lectures were randomly chosen and served as a control group. English vocabulary regarding physiotherapy was assessed through a word translation test. Furthermore, students’ subjective interests in learning English, studying and working abroad, awareness toward the importance of learning English and physiotherapy from foreign countries, and the level of physiotherapy in Japan compared with that in other countries were also evaluated using 11-point numerical rating scale. English vocabulary scores were significantly higher in the experimental group ( P .01). The effect size was large (3.09). Interest levels in learning English, and studying and working abroad were significantly higher in the experimental group ( P .01). Effect sizes were large (1.89 and 1.11, respectively). However, levels of awareness toward the importance of learning English and physiotherapy from other countries and the level of physiotherapy in Japan were not significantly different between the two groups. Two-year professional education in English may lead to benefits in English vocabulary related to physiotherapy and motivating students to think about their careers in global perspectives. Based on these findings, educational staff in Japanese physiotherapy schools are encouraged to consider to introduce professional education using English for undergraduate students.
Prediction Versus Explanation in Educational Psychology: a Cross-Theoretical Approach to Using Teacher Behaviour to Predict Student Engagement in Physical Education
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10648-023-09786-6
Abstract: Educational psychology usually focuses on explaining phenomena. As a result, researchers seldom explore how well their models predict the outcomes they care about using best-practice approaches to predictive statistics. In this paper, we focus less on explanation and more on prediction, showing how both are important for advancing the field. We apply predictive models to the role of teachers on student engagement, i.e. the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours, that translate motivation into progress. We integrate the suggestions from four prominent motivational theories (self-determination theory, achievement goal theory, growth mindset theory, and transformational leadership theory), and aim to identify those most critical behaviours for predicting changes in students’ engagement in physical education. Students ( N = 1324 all from year 7, 52% girls) from 17 low socio-economic status schools rated their teacher’s demonstration of 71 behaviours in the middle of the school year. We also assessed students’ engagement at the beginning and end of the year. We trained elastic-net regression models on 70% of the data and then assessed their predictive validity on the held-out data (30%). The models showed that teacher behaviours predicted 4.39% of the variance in students’ change in engagement. Some behaviours that were most consistently associated with a positive change in engagement were being good role models (β = 0.046), taking interest in students’ lives outside of class (β = 0.033), and allowing students to make choices (β = 0.029). The influential behaviours did not neatly fit within any single motivational theory. These findings support arguments for integrating different theoretical approaches, and suggest practitioners may want to consider multiple theories when designing interventions. More generally, we argue that researchers in educational psychology should more frequently test how well their models not just explain, but predict the outcomes they care about.
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a predictor of changes in physical self-concept in adolescents.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000815
Abstract: Physical self-concept and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are fundamental components of adolescents' health and well-being. Previous research suggests that physical self-concept and MVPA share reciprocal relations whereby physical self-concept is both an antecedent (i.e., self-enhancement) and outcome (i.e., skill development) of MVPA. However, these studies rely on subjective reports of MVPA, which can produce social desirability bias and challenge youth's recall capabilities. In order to address this gap, we test a reciprocal effects model examining the interplay between adolescents' physical self-concept and its facets and 7 days of objectively measured MVPA. Australian adolescents ( After controlling for body mass index and sex, results only supported the role of MVPA as an antecedent of physical self-concept. The percentage of time adolescents spent in MVPA during school was especially important to predicting a higher physical self-concept in the future. Findings did not support a reciprocal effects model of physical self-concept and objectively measured MVPA. Rather, physical self-concept and facets were outcomes of school-based MVPA, suggesting emphasis be placed on promoting adolescents' physical activity participation. This study demonstrates the benefits that school MVPA provides to adolescents' development of a positive physical self-concept, which is essential to optimizing long-term health and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Implementation at‐scale of school‐based physical activity interventions: A systematic review utilizing the RE‐AIM framework
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13184
Abstract: School‐based interventions can increase young people's physical activity levels, but few are implemented at‐scale (i.e., the expanded delivery of efficacious interventions under real‐world conditions into new/broader populations). The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE‐AIM) framework can be used to describe the extent to which interventions have been implemented at‐scale. The aim of our review was to determine the extent to which studies of school‐based physical activity interventions implemented at‐scale reported information across the RE‐AIM dimensions. We conducted a systematic search of seven electronic databases to identify studies published up to June 2019. A total of 26 articles (representing 14 in idual studies) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Eleven studies reported actual or estimated number of students exposed to the intervention however, the representativeness of these students was rarely reported. Nine studies reported the intervention effect on the primary outcome during scale‐up. Ten studies reported the rate of participating schools/teachers however, none reported on the characteristics of adopters/nonadopters. Eight studies reported intervention fidelity. Eleven studies described the extent to which the intervention was sustained in schools. There was considerable variability in the reporting of RE‐AIM outcomes across studies. There is a need for greater consistency in the evaluation, and reporting of, school‐based physical activity interventions implemented at‐scale.
Regular Physical Activity and Educational Outcomes in Youth: A Longitudinal Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2017.09.014
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine whether longitudinal changes in accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with changes in educational outcomes (i.e., academic performance and mathematics engagement) and to examine whether the association was nonlinear. Longitudinal data were collected from 2,194 Australian adolescents (mean age = 13.40 years, standard deviation = .73) at two time points (Term 1, 2014, and Term 2, 2015). To measure the total MVPA, the adolescents wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. The participants responded to a questionnaire to measure mathematics engagement and completed a nationally administered numeracy test to assess academic performance. Latent change score models indicated that increases in MVPA had a positive quadratic association with National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) scores in girls (β = .39, p < .001) but not boys. In comparison, cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that MVPA had a positive quadratic association with NAPLAN scores in grade 7 (β = .92, p = .04) boys and in grade 9 boys (β = .60, p = .06), but not in girls. There was also a positive quadratic association between MVPA and school engagement in grade 9 boys (β = .77, p = .03). Cross-sectional evidence indicated that boys who were more physically active had better educational outcomes than their less active peers, and girls who increased their regular physical activity showed improvements in academic performance. All students need to increase their physical activity levels for health and educational benefits, without compromising the time spent on study and homework.
An Investigation of the Influence of Video Types and External Facilitation on PE Inservice Teachers’ Reflections and Their Perceptions of Learning: Findings From the AMPED Cluster Controlled Trial
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-10-2021
Abstract: Teacher professional development (TPD) programs are increasingly using video recordings of teaching practice to develop teacher capacity and foster student learning. However, consensus has yet to be reached about how to utilize video recordings in TPD for physical education (PE) teachers. We used semi-structured interviews and evaluations of PE teachers’ written reflective statements to investigate how they reacted as they engaged with different video material and external facilitators during a TPD program. Teachers believed video-based reflection on their own teaching, rather than viewing others’ practice, was the most useful, even though both forms of analysis produced a similar depth of reflection. PE teachers also benefited from dialogue with external facilitators during the TPD program. These results highlight the importance of researchers, teachers, and facilitators delivering and participating in TPD collaboratively and focusing on strategies that may increase the depth of teacher reflection on their own practices, which is considered a first step toward changing classroom practice and improving student outcomes.
Toward a better assessment of perceived social influence: The relative role of significant others on young athletes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-11-2019
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.13320
Abstract: The purpose of this three-study paper was to develop and validate the Perceived Social Influence in Sport Scale-2 (PSISS-2) that aimed to resolve the limitations of PSISS-1 in assessing the relative social influence of significant others in youth sport. In Study 1, a pool of 60 items generated from revisiting a qualitative dataset about significant others of young athletes were examined by two expert panel reviews in terms of content validity, clarity, coverage, and age-appropriateness, leading to the development of 16 items of the PSISS-2. In Study 2, multi-group exploratory structural equation model for PSISS-2 was conducted among 904 young athletes, and the results supported a model comprising positive influence (ie, conditional and unconditional positive influence combined), punishment (ie, conditional negative influence), and dysfunction (ie, unconditional negative influence) as three factors. The goodness of fit of the three-factor model was acceptable and invariant across the coach-, father-, mother-, and teammates-versions of PSISS-2. In support of the criterion validity of PSISS-2, the three factors explained substantial variance of young athletes' perceived competence, effort, enjoyment, and trait anxiety in sport. Study 3 examined the relationship between PSISS-2 factors, psychological need support, and controlling behaviors in a subs le of 452 young athletes, and the findings supported the concurrent validity and discriminant validity of the scale. In conclusion, the data are supportive of PSISS-2. The three factors of the scale (ie, positive influence, punishment, and dysfunction) may form a new framework for understanding and comparing the relative role of significant others in youth sport.
The influence of neighbourhood green space on children’s physical activity and screen time: findings from the longitudinal study of Australian children
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2015
Using intervention mapping to develop a theory-driven, group-based complex intervention to support self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain (SOLAS)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 21-03-2022
DOI: 10.2196/28208
Abstract: Automated wearable cameras present a new opportunity to accurately assess human behavior. However, this technology is seldom used in the study of adolescent’s screen exposure, and the field is reliant on poor-quality self-report data. This study aimed to examine adolescents’ screen exposure by categorizing the type and context of behaviors using automated wearable cameras. Adolescents (mean age 15.4 years, SD 1.6 years n=10) wore a camera for 3 school evenings and 1 weekend day. The camera captured an image every 10 seconds. Fieldwork was completed between February and March 2020, and data were analyzed in August 2020. Images were date and time st ed, and coded for screen type, content, and context. Data representing 71,396 images were analyzed. Overall, 74.0% (52,842/71,396) of images contained screens and 16.8% (11,976/71,396) of images contained multiple screens. Most screen exposures involved television sets (25,950/71,396, 36.3%), smartphones (20,851/71,396, 29.2%), and laptop computers (15,309/71,396, 21.4%). The context of screen use differed by device type, although most screen exposures occurred at home (62,455/64,856, 96.3%) and with solitary engagement (54,430/64,856, 83.9%). The immediate after-school period saw high laptop computer use (4785/15,950, 30.0%), while smartphone use (2059/5320, 38.7%) peaked during prebedtime hours. Weekend screen exposure was high, with smartphone use (1070/1927, 55.5%) peaking in the early morning period and fluctuating throughout the day. There was evidence for high screen use during the after-school and weekend period, mostly through solitary engagement, and within the home environment. The findings may inform the basis of larger studies aimed at examining screen exposure in free-living conditions.
Efficient, decentralized detection of qualitative spatial events in a dynamic scalar field
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-08-2015
DOI: 10.3390/S150921350
Effect of a Time-Efficient Physical Activity Intervention on Senior School Students’ On-Task Behaviour and Subjective Vitality: the ‘Burn 2 Learn’ Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2020
Mediators of change in screen-time in a school-based intervention for adolescent boys: findings from the ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-016-9810-2
Abstract: The mechanisms of behavior change in youth screen-time interventions are poorly understood. Participants were 361 adolescent boys (12-14 years) participating in the ATLAS obesity prevention trial, evaluated in 14 schools in low-income areas of New South Wales, Australia. Recreational screen-time was assessed at baseline, 8- and 18-months, whereas potential mediators (i.e., motivation to limit screen-time and parental rules) were assessed at baseline, 4- and 18-months. Multi-level mediation analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle and were conducted using a product-of-coefficients test. The intervention had a significant impact on screen-time at both time-points, and on autonomous motivation at 18-months. Changes in autonomous motivation partially mediated the effect on screen-time at 18-months in single and multi-mediator models [AB (95% CI) = -5.49 (-12.13, -.70)]. Enhancing autonomous motivation may be effective for limiting screen-time among adolescent males. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12612000978864.
I think they believe in me: The predictive effects of teammate- and classmate-focused relation-inferred self-efficacy in sport and physical activity settings
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2014
Abstract: Despite the prevalence of group-/team-based enactment within sport and physical activity settings, to this point the study of relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) has been focused upon estimations regarding a single target in idual (e.g., one’s coach). Accordingly, researchers have not yet considered whether in iduals may also form RISE estimations regarding the extent to which the others in their group/team as a whole are confident in their ability. We applied structural equation modeling analyses with cross-sectional and prospective data collected from members of interdependent sport teams (Studies 1 and 2) and undergraduate physical activity classes (Studies 3 and 4), with the purpose of exploring these group-focused RISE inferences. Analyses showed that group-focused RISE perceptions (a) predicted in iduals’ confidence in their own ability, (b) were empirically distinct from conceptually related constructs, and (c) directly and/or indirectly predicted a range of downstream outcomes over and above the effects of other efficacy perceptions. Taken together, these findings provide preliminary evidence that in iduals’ group-focused RISE appraisals may be important to consider when investigating the network of efficacy perceptions that develops in group-based physical activity contexts.
Implementing Resistance Training in Secondary Schools
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2018
Influences on User Engagement in Online Professional Learning: A Narrative Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 09-03-2021
Abstract: The internet has become the chosen medium for professional learning. Completing professional learning can improve work performance however, many in iduals who begin online courses do not complete them. It is not well understood which influences keep in iduals engaged in online professional learning. We address these issues with a systematic review. Our review of 51 studies and 9,583 participants includes a narrative synthesis and a meta-analysis that examined influences on user engagement in online professional learning. We found that course design and employers’ provision of time to complete learning are key for engaging learners. Other important influences were learners’ reasons for learning (e.g., intrinsic value and perceived usefulness), access to learning support, and opportunities for interaction during the learning experience.
A classification of motivation and behavior change techniques used in self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1037/MOT0000172
Decentralized and coordinate-free computation of critical points and surface networks in a discretized scalar field
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-09-2013
Complex radiation sensor network analysis with big data analytics
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2015
Patient Motivation and Adherence to Postsurgery Rehabilitation Exercise Recommendations: The Influence of Physiotherapists' Autonomy-Supportive Behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2009.05.024
Abstract: Chan DK, Lonsdale C, Ho PY, Yung PS, Chan KM. Patient motivation and adherence to postsurgery rehabilitation exercise recommendations: the influence of physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive behaviors. To investigate the impact of physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive behaviors on patients' motivation and rehabilitation adherence after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Retrospective study. Outpatient orthopedic clinic of a university medical center. Postsurgery ACL reconstruction patients (N=115 minimum postsurgery interval, 6mo mean +/- SD postsurgery interval, 1.77+/-0.8y). Not applicable. Questionnaires measuring autonomy support from physiotherapists (Health Care Climate Questionnaire), treatment motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), and rehabilitation adherence (adapted from the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale and the Patient Self-Report Scales of Their Home-Based Rehabilitation Adherence). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that patients' treatment motivation mediated the relationship between physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive behaviors and rehabilitation adherence. Autonomy-supportive behavior positively predicted autonomous treatment motivation (beta=.22, P<.05). Rehabilitation adherence (R(2)=.28) was predicted positively by autonomous motivation (beta=.64, P<.05) and negatively predicted by controlled motivation (beta=-.28, P<.05). These preliminary findings are promising and provide an empirical basis for further research to test the efficacy of autonomy support training designed to increase patients' rehabilitation adherence.
Thinking Rugby: Using Sport Psychology to Improve Rugby Performance
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2005
Effects of hypnosis on P300 olfactory-evoked potential amplitudes.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-1983
Effects of physical activity and breaks on mathematics engagement in adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2017.07.002
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical activity has a positive relationship with school engagement regardless of the presence or absence of a recess or lunch break before the classroom lesson. Data were collected over three ten-week periods: January-April 2014 (Time 1), October-December 2014 (Time 2), and April-June 2015 (Time 3). A cohort of 2194 adolescents (mean age=13.40years, SD=.73) wore an accelerometer during the hour before a mathematics lesson and completed a questionnaire following the mathematics lesson to assess school engagement in that lesson. Linear mixed models indicated that moderate-intensity activity before a mathematics lesson had a positive linear relationship with cognitive engagement (β=.40, p<.05). Recess breaks before a mathematics lesson had a negative relationship with overall, behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement (β=-.18, p<.01, β=-.19, p<.01, β=-.13, p=.03, and β=-.13, p=.04, respectively). Promoting moderate-intensity activity prior to mathematics lessons could improve students' cognitive engagement. Educators should be aware that students tend to demonstrate the lowest levels of school engagement after recess breaks.
A cluster randomized controlled trial of strategies to increase adolescents' physical activity and motivation in physical education: Results of the Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education (MALP) trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.09.003
Abstract: Physical education (PE) programs aim to promote physical activity (PA) and reach most school-aged youth. However, PA levels within PE lessons are often low. In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, we examined the effects of three self-determination theory-based motivational strategies on PA and sedentary behavior, as well as their hypothesized antecedents during PE lessons. Data were collected in Sydney, Australia (October-December 2011). After baseline testing, teachers (n=16) and their classes (n=288 students M=13.6 years, 50.4% male) were randomly assigned to one of four teaching strategy conditions: (1) explaining relevance (2) providing choice (3) complete free choice or (4) usual practice. Teachers then delivered the assigned strategy. Primary outcomes were accelerometer-assessed PA and student motivation during lessons. Secondary outcomes included sedentary behavior, perceptions of teachers' support and psychological needs satisfaction. The 'free choice' intervention increased PA (p<.05). 'Providing choice' and 'free choice' interventions decreased sedentary behavior (p<.05). The interventions did not influence motivation, but students' autonomy increased during both choice-based interventions (p<.05). Promoting choice can produce short-term increases in PA and decreases in sedentary behavior, as well as increased perceived autonomy during PE lessons.
Catalytic performance of PVP-coated CuO nanosheets under environmentally friendly conditions
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2RA07645D
Abstract: Aromatic nitro compounds are an increasing concern worldwide due to their potential toxicity, prompting a quest for efficient removal approaches.
Impact of the “Thinking while Moving in English” intervention on primary school children's academic outcomes and physical activity: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Video Improves Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 16-02-2021
Abstract: Universities around the world are incorporating online learning, often relying on videos (asynchronous multimedia). We systematically reviewed the effects of video on learning in higher education. We searched five databases using 27 keywords to find randomized trials that measured the learning effects of video among college students. We conducted full-text screening, data extraction, and risk of bias in duplicate. We calculated pooled effect sizes using multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. Searches retrieved 9,677 unique records. After screening 329 full texts, 105 met inclusion criteria, with a pooled s le of 7,776 students. Swapping video for existing teaching methods led to small improvements in student learning (g = 0.28). Adding video to existing teaching led to strong learning benefits (g = 0.80). Although results may be subject to some experimental and publication biases, they suggest that videos are unlikely to be detrimental and usually improve student learning.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of interpersonal coach education interventions on athlete outcomes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Increasing girls’ physical activity during an organised youth sport basketball program: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2014
Ahead of the game protocol: A multi-component, community sport-based program targeting prevention, promotion and early intervention for mental health among adolescent males
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2018
Increasing Students’ Activity in Physical Education: Results of the Self-determined Exercise and Learning For FITness Trial
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 25-10-2019
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002172
Abstract: To examine the effects of the Self-determined Exercise and Learning For FITness (SELF-FIT) intervention on students’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and motivation in physical education (PE). In a clustered randomized controlled trial, 667 students (mean age, 14.4 yr SD, 0.78) from 26 schools (i.e., clusters) were randomized into either an experimental group or a waitlist control group. Students in the experimental group received the SELF-FIT intervention, a school-based intervention designed to infuse fitness and game-like elements into PE using self-determination theory principles, whereas those in the control continued their classes using usual practices. Intervention content was provided by teachers who received training from the research team. The primary outcome was percentage of time spent in MVPA during PE. Secondary outcomes included basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation toward PE, leisure-time MVPA, and mental well-being. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression analyses and prespecified interactions were tested (i.e., group–time–sex). Positive intervention effects were found on MVPA during PE ( B , 4.00 95% confidence interval, 2.96–5.04 d = 0.36). Regarding the participants’ competence and autonomy need satisfaction, and autonomous motivation, the intervention effects were stronger in girls, compared with boys. Fitness infusion and game-like elements, used according to self-determination theory principles, can enhance students’ physical activity and motivation toward PE. This low-cost intervention has the potential to be scaled up and disseminated in secondary schools.
Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000420
A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviors recommended in self-determination theory interventions.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 18-05-2023
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000783
Type of screen time moderates effects on outcomes in 4013 children: Evidence from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-019-0881-7
Abstract: Excessive engagement with digital screens is harmful to children’s health. However, new evidence suggests that exposure at moderate levels may not be harmful and may even provide benefit. Therefore, our objective was to determine if there are curvilinear relationships between different types of screen time and a erse set of outcomes, including health and education. We address our objective using a repeated measures design. Children ( N = 4013), initially aged 10–11 were assessed every 2 years between 2010 and 2014. Children’s screen time behavior was measured using time-use diaries, and categorized into five types: social, passive, interactive, educational, or other. We used measures of children’s physical health, health-related quality of life, socio-emotional outcomes, and school achievement. The analysis plan was pre-registered. Models were adjusted for gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity, number of siblings, and housing factors. There were linear associations between total screen time and all outcomes, such that more screen time was associated with worse outcomes. However, there was variability when examined by screen time type. Passive screen time (e.g., TV) was associated with worse outcomes, educational screen time (e.g., computer for homework) was associated with positive educational outcomes and had no negative relations with other outcomes. Interactive screen time (e.g., video games) had positive associations with educational outcomes but negative associations with other outcomes. In all instances, these significant associations were small or very small, with standardised effects 0.07. We found little evidence of curvilinear relationships. The small effects of screen time on children’s outcomes appear to be moderated by the type of screen time. Policy makers, educators, and parents should consider the type of screen time when considering the benefits and harms of use.
Enablers and barriers to implementation of and compliance with school-based healthy food and beverage policies: A systematic literature review and meta-synthesis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-04-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019004865
Abstract: Schools have been recognised as a potential setting for improving young peoples’ food and beverage choices however, many schools fail to adhere to healthy food and beverage policy standards. The current study aimed to explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation of and compliance with school-based food and beverage policies. Systematic review and meta-synthesis. Eight electronic databases were searched for articles in June 2019. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on implementation and/or compliance of school-based food and/or beverage policies with outcomes relating to enablers and/or barriers. This review had no restrictions on study design, year of publication or language. Seventy-two full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which twenty-eight were included in this review. Studies conducted globally that focused on schools. School-based healthy food and beverage policies. Financial (cost of policy-compliant foods, decreased profit and revenue), physical (availability of policy-compliant foods, close geographical proximity to unhealthy food outlets) and social (poor knowledge, understanding, and negative stakeholders’ attitudes towards policy) factors were the most frequently reported barriers for policy implementation. Sufficient funding, effective policy communication and management, and positive stakeholders’ attitudes were the most frequently reported enablers for policy implementation. There is a need for better communication strategies, financial and social support prior to school-based food policy implementation. Findings of this review contribute to a thorough understanding of factors that underpin best practice recommendations for the implementation of school-based food policy, and inform those responsible for improving public health nutrition.
An internet-supported school physical activity intervention in low socioeconomic status communities: results from the Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) cluster randomised controlle
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-10-2017
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-097904
Abstract: Quality physical education (PE) is the cornerstone of comprehensive school physical activity (PA) promotion programmes. We tested the efficacy of a teacher professional learning intervention, delivered partially via the internet, designed to maximise opportunities for students to be active during PE lessons and enhance adolescents’ motivation towards PE and PA. A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and Grade 8 students from secondary schools in low socioeconomic areas of Western Sydney, Australia. The Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) intervention for secondary school PE teachers included workshops, online learning, implementation tasks and mentoring sessions. The primary outcome was the proportion of PE lesson time that students spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), measured by accelerometers at baseline, postintervention (7–8 months after baseline) and maintenance (14–15 months). Secondary outcomes included observed PE teachers’ behaviour during lessons, students’ leisure-time PA and students’ motivation. Students (n=1421) from 14 schools completed baseline assessments and were included in linear mixed model analyses. The intervention had positive effects on students’ MVPA during lessons. At postintervention, the adjusted mean difference in the proportion of lesson time spent in MVPA was 5.58% (p .001, approximately 4 min/lesson). During the maintenance phase, this effect was 2.64% (p .001, approximately 2 min/lesson). The intervention had positive effects on teachers’ behaviour, but did not impact students’ motivation. AMPED produced modest improvements in MVPA and compares favourably with previous interventions delivered exclusively face-to-face. Online teacher training could help facilitate widespread dissemination of professional learning interventions. ACTRN12614000184673.
Mediators of Psychological Well-being in Adolescent Boys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2015.10.010
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time (ATLAS) intervention on psychological well-being in adolescent boys and to examine the potential mediating mechanisms that might explain this effect. ATLAS was evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial in 14 secondary schools located in low-income communities (N = 361 adolescent boys, mean age = 12.7 ± .5 years). The 20-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory and involved: professional development for teachers, provision of fitness equipment to schools, enhanced school sport sessions, researcher-led seminars, a smartphone application, and parental strategies for reducing screen time. Assessments were conducted at baseline and immediately post intervention (8 months). Psychological well-being was measured using the Flourishing Scale. Motivational regulations (intrinsic, identified, introjected, controlled, and amotivation) and basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in school sport, muscular fitness, resistance training skill competency, and recreational screen time were examined as potential mediating mechanisms of the intervention effect. The intervention effect on well-being was small but statistically significant. Within a multiple mediator model, changes in autonomy needs satisfaction, recreational screen time, and muscular fitness significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on psychological well-being. In addition to the physical health benefits, targeted physical activity programs for adolescent boys may have utility for mental health promotion through the mechanisms of increasing autonomy support and muscular fitness and reducing screen time.
Impact of adapted bicycle riding on outcomes for children and adolescents with disabilities: A systematic review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DMCN.15446
Abstract: To review the evidence for the effects of adapted bicycle riding on body structures and functions, activity, participation, and quality of life outcomes in children with disabilities, along with family‐level participation outcomes. A systematic review with searches of nine electronic databases to identify studies involving participants with a developmental disability aged 4 to 18 years who used a dynamic adapted bicycle was completed in August 2021. Risk of bias was assessed based on in idual study designs. A narrative synthesis integrated the findings of the included studies. Certainty of evidence was synthesized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Ten studies were included with 234 participants. Five studies reported outcomes at the body structures and functions level, ten reported activity‐level outcomes, two reported participation‐related outcomes, and none assessed quality of life or family participation in social and recreational activities. Adapted bicycle riding interventions may improve gross motor function, enhance lower‐limb muscle strength, and promote physical activity however, certainty of evidence of effects was rated very low using GRADE. Further research is required to understand the impact of adapted bicycle riding on the participation outcomes of children and adolescents with disabilities and on family‐level participation in social and recreational activities. Adapted bicycle riding interventions may improve motor functions and physical activity. Evidence about participation outcomes after adapted bicycle riding is limited. Research on adapted bicycle riding interventions in natural settings is needed.
Multimedia Design for Learning: An Overview of Reviews With Meta-Meta-Analysis
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 23-10-2022
DOI: 10.3102/00346543211052329
Abstract: Multimedia is ubiquitous in 21st-century education. Cognitive load theory and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning both postulate that the quality of multimedia design heavily influences learning. We sought to identify how to best design multimedia and review how well those learning theories held up to meta-analyses. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews that tested the effects of multimedia design on learning or cognitive load. We found 29 reviews including 1,189 studies and 78,177 participants. We found 11 design principles that demonstrated significant, positive, meta-analytic effects on learning and five that significantly improved management of cognitive load. The largest benefits were for captioning second-language videos, temporal/spatial contiguity, and signaling. We also found robust evidence for modality, animation, coherence/removing seductive details, anthropomorphics, segmentation, personalization, pedagogical agents, and verbal redundancy effects. Good design was more important for more complex materials, and in system-paced environments (e.g., lectures) than self-paced ones (e.g., websites). Results supported many tenets of both theories. We highlight a range of evidence-based strategies that could be implemented by educators.
Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2016.12.008
Abstract: The mental health benefits of physical activity are well established. However, less is known about whether the relationship between physical activity and mental health is consistent across different life domains. It is important to understand how context may influence the relationship between physical activity and mental health so that interventions and policy guidelines can be tailored to maximize positive effects. In 2015, systematic searches of four databases identified 13,435 records, of which 98 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1988 and 2015 and had a combined s le size of 648,726. Of the 98 included studies, 93 examined leisure-time physical activity, 14 examined work-related physical activity, 15 examined transport physical activity, 16 examined household physical activity, three examined school sport, and three examined physical education. Multi-level meta-analyses showed that leisure-time physical activity (r =0.13) and transport physical activity (r =0.13) both had a positive association with mental health. Leisure-time physical activity (r = -0.11) and school sport (r = -0.09) both had an inverse association with mental ill-health. However, physical activity was not consistently associated with lower mental ill-health across domains, as work-related physical activity was positively associated with mental ill-health (r =0.09). Household physical activity and participation in physical education had no relationship with mental health or mental ill-health. The domain in which physical activity occurs influences the relationship between physical activity and mental health and should, therefore, be considered when developing interventions, treatment programs, and policy guidelines.
Mediators effecting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and inactivity for girls from an intervention program delivered in an organised youth sports setting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2015.05.005
Abstract: The objective of this study was to test whether coaches' physical activity levels, contextual variables, and coaches' behavioural variables mediated the effect of an intervention on female basketball players' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and inactivity in an organised youth sport (OYS) setting. Randomised controlled trial Data for the current study were derived from a two-armed, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. This study ran over the course of a 5-day OYS basketball program in 2 sports centres in Sydney, Australia. A convenience s le of 76 female players and 8 coaches were recruited. Coaches allocated to the intervention condition attended 2 coach education sessions, where strategies to increase MVPA and decrease inactivity were taught. There was a significant effect between changes in coach MVPA and player MVPA (unstandardised regression coefficient [B] = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.38) which coincided with a significant indirect effect (B = 1.80, 95% CI = 0.85 to 2.85). There was also a significant effect between changes in coach inactivity and player inactivity (B = -0.23, 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.31), which coincided with a significant indirect effect (B = -3.20, 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.31). No significant indirect effects were found for lesson context and coaches' behaviours variables. Coaches' MVPA and inactivity significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on player MVPA and inactivity, respectively. Consequently, coaches' physical activity levels appear to be important for influencing their players' physical activity levels.
Modeling indicators and outcomes of students' perceived teacher relatedness support in high school physical education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Self-determination theory in physical education: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Increasing students’ physical activity during school physical education: rationale and protocol for the SELF-FIT cluster randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2017
Improving adherence to exercise: Do people with knee osteoarthritis and physical therapists agree on the behavioural approaches likely to succeed?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/ACR.23297
Abstract: To describe which behavior change techniques (BCTs) to promote adherence to exercise have been experienced by people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) or used by physical therapists, and to describe patient- and physical therapist-perceived effectiveness of a range of BCTs derived from behavioral theory. Two versions of a custom-designed survey were administered in Australia and New Zealand, one completed by adults with symptomatic knee OA and the second by physical therapists who had treated people with knee OA in the past 6 months. Survey questions ascertained the frequency of receiving rescribing exercise for knee OA, BCTs received/used targeting adherence to exercise, and perceived effectiveness of 36 BCTs to improve adherence to prescribed exercise. A total of 230 people with knee OA and 143 physical therapists completed the survey. Education about the benefits of exercise was the most commonly received/used technique by both groups. People with knee OA rated the perceived effectiveness of all BCTs significantly lower than the physical therapists (mean difference 1.9 [95% confidence interval 1.8-2.0]). When ranked by group mean agreement score, 2 BCTs were among the top 5 for both groups: development of specific goals related to knee pain and function and review, supervision, and correction of exercise technique at subsequent treatment sessions. Goal-setting techniques related to outcomes were considered to be effective by both respondent groups, and testing of interventions incorporating these strategies should be a research priority.
Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the ‘SAAFE’ teaching principles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2017
Gap-Filling Eddy Covariance Latent Heat Flux: Inter-Comparison of Four Machine Learning Model Predictions and Uncertainties in Forest Ecosystem
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-12-2021
DOI: 10.3390/RS13244976
Abstract: Environmental monitoring using satellite remote sensing is challenging because of data gaps in eddy-covariance (EC)-based in situ flux tower observations. In this study, we obtain the latent heat flux (LE) from an EC station and perform gap filling using two deep learning methods (two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks) and two machine learning (ML) models (support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF)), and we investigate their accuracies and uncertainties. The average model performance based on ~25 input and hysteresis combinations show that the mean absolute error is in an acceptable range (34.9 to 38.5 Wm−2), which indicates a marginal difference among the performances of the four models. In fact, the model performance is ranked in the following order: SVM CNN RF LSTM. We conduct a robust analysis of variance and post-hoc tests, which yielded statistically insignificant results (p-value ranging from 0.28 to 0.76). This indicates that the distribution of means is equal within groups and among pairs, thereby implying similar performances among the four models. The time-series analysis and Taylor diagram indicate that the improved two-dimensional CNN captures the temporal trend of LE the best, i.e., with a Pearson’s correlation of .87 and a normalized standard deviation of ~0.86, which are similar to those of in situ datasets, thereby demonstrating its superiority over other models. The factor elimination analysis reveals that the CNN performs better when specific meteorological factors are removed from the training stage. Additionally, a strong coupling between the hysteresis time factor and the accuracy of the ML models is observed.
A school-based rope skipping intervention for adolescents in Hong Kong: protocol of a matched-pair cluster randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2014
Development and evaluation of the Motivation to Limit Screen-time Questionnaire (MLSQ) for adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.07.023
Abstract: The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a brief scale to assess adolescents' motivation to limit their screen-time using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework. The development and evaluation of the Motivation to Limit Screen-time Questionnaire (MLSQ) involved three phases. In Phase 1, experts in SDT were asked to review the content validity of the MLSQ items. In Phase 2, adolescent boys (N=342, mean age=12.7 ±.5 years) completed the MLSQ and the factorial validity of the model was explored. In Phase 3, adolescent boys (N=48, mean age=14.3 ± 1.3 years) completed the MLSQ on two occasions separated by 1-week. Phases 2 and 3 were conducted in New South Wales, Australia in 2012. Twenty four SDT experts reviewed the original scale items. Validity coefficients associated with six of the original eight items exceeded the threshold value (V>.68, p<.01). In Phase 2, the revised three-factor (9-items) model provided a good fit to the data (SRMR=.07, CFI=.96). The intraclass correlation (ICC) values were .67 for amotivation and .70 and .82 for controlled and autonomous motivation, respectively. This study has provided preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the MLSQ in adolescent boys.
Greener neighbourhoods, slimmer children? Evidence from 4423 participants aged 6 to 13 years in the Longitudinal Study of Australian children
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2015
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2015.69
Abstract: There is a growing belief that green space (for ex le, parks) help prevent obesity. There is evidence of an inverse association between green space and childhood body mass index (BMI) however, the majority of these studies are cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies that track change in BMI across childhood in relation to levels of green space proximity would improve the quality of evidence available for decision making. Objectively measured BMI was obtained every 2 years between 2006 and 2012 for 4423 participants initially aged 6-7 years in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). The LSAC is a nationally representative study on a range of health and socio-demographic measures. Using Australian Bureau of Statistics mesh block data, which classify small scale land areas based on the main usage, each participant was assigned an objective measure of green space availability within their Statistical Area (level 2) of residence. Gender-stratified multilevel linear regression was used to estimate BMI growth curves across childhood in relation to green space availability. Family income, Australian Indigenous status, mothers' education and language spoken were used to adjust for socio-economic confounding. Age was found to be an effect modifier of associations between green space and BMI for boys (P=0.005) and girls (P=0.048). As children grew older, an inverse patterning of BMI by green space availability emerged. These findings held after adjustment for socio-economic circumstances for boys (P=0.009), though were less robust for girls after this adjustment (P=0.056). A beneficial effect of green space on BMI emerges as children grow older. However, there was little additional benefit after a modest amount of green space was met. Further research is needed to understand whether the drivers of this effect are from age-specific mechanisms, or whether the benefit of living in a greener neighbourhood is accumulated through childhood.
A qualitative investigation of the perceived influence of adolescents’ motivation on relationships between domain-specific physical activity and positive and negative affect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Joint physical-activity/screen-time trajectories during early childhood: socio-demographic predictors and consequences on health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2019
Validity and reliability evidence for motor competence assessments in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2020
Physical activity and sleep are inconsistently related in healthy children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Comparing sport motivation scales: A response to Pelletier et al.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Assessing physiotherapists' perceptions of CONNECT training and its implementation into practice.
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 2013
Getting connected: High school physical education teacher behaviors that facilitate students' relatedness support perceptions
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000039
A school-based rope skipping program for adolescents: Results of a randomized trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2017.06.001
Abstract: Despite physical education's health enhancing potential, students' activity levels in lessons are low. We evaluated a school-based intervention that involved rope skipping on students' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education. The intervention was evaluated using a clustered randomized controlled trial in 24 classes (N=731 students M=14.38years all from Secondary 2) from 12 Hong Kong schools during September to December 2013. The primary outcome was percentage of lesson time spent in MVPA. Secondary outcomes included students' vigorous activity, counts per minute, perceived autonomy support and motivation for physical education. Accelerometer-based activity measures were taken from a sub-s le of 168 students during lessons 1 to 3 (baseline) and lessons 5 to 7 (treatment phase). Participants self-reported motivation variables at lessons 4 and 8. Teachers allocated to the experimental group included an intervention during treatment phase those in the control group continued usual practices. The intervention involved a 15-minute rope skipping activity where students completed intervals of skipping with rests in between. Using multilevel modeling, we examined the intervention effects on measured outcomes, and whether effects differed for boys and girls. Overall intervention effects were not found. However, girls in the intervention group spent more time in MVPA (β=0.25) and had higher counts per minute (β=0.32) than control group counterparts at treatment phase. Perceived autonomy support and motivation variables were similar across groups. The intervention increased activity levels of girls, but not boys. Implementation of the intervention may reduce differences between boys' and girls' physical education activity levels. ANZCTR: ACTRN12613000968774.
Scaling-up an efficacious school-based physical activity intervention: Study protocol for the 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) cluster randomized controlled trial and scale-up implementation evaluation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
Day-to-day and longer-term longitudinal associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in children
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-10-2020
Abstract: To determine the day-to-day and longer-term longitudinal associations between daytime physical activity and night-time sleep. We used data from a 2-year longitudinal study which included three time points (i.e. baseline, year 1, and year 2). Participants were recruited from primary schools and included 1059 children (50% girls) with a mean age of 8.81-years-old (SD = 0.72) at baseline. Sleep variables included sleep duration, sleep efficiency, time in bed, sleep onset, and wake time. Physical activity variables included light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous, and vigorous physical activity as well as sedentary time. We objectively assessed physical activity and sleep behaviors using the GENEActiv wrist-worn accelerometer over an 8-day period at each timepoint for a potential 21 190 observed days. We used fixed-effects multilevel models and parallel latent growth curve modeling to examine day-to-day and longer-term associations, respectively. Day-to-day, physical activity, and sleep variables were significantly, positively, and bidirectionally associated, except for sleep efficiency, which showed little association with physical activity. Longer-term, we found little association between physical activity and sleep variables. Overall, our findings indicate that there is a day-to-day association between the amount of time spent being physically active and improved sleep. The lack of a longer-term association indicates that a focus on children’s daily behavior may be most appropriate to help children improve sleep and increase physical activity.
Associations between physical activity intensity and well-being in adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2019.05.009
Abstract: This study aims to explore associations between physical activity intensity and well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect) in adolescents. A secondary aim was to determine if associations were moderated by sex. Grade 8 students from 14 government-funded secondary schools in low socio-economic areas of Western Sydney (Australia) were assessed. Data from three timepoints (baseline, 7-8 months, and 14-15 months) were combined to increase the s le size. Physical activity was objectively assessed for 1-week at each timepoint using Actigraph accelerometers. Time (minutes/day) in light, moderate and vigorous physical activity was estimated. The short form Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children was used to measure well-being. Quantile regression was used to analyse the data. A total of 3140 observations were collected from 1223 students (mean age at baseline: 12.9(0.54) 55.1% male). Light and moderate physical activity was not associated with well-being. Higher levels of vigorous physical activity were associated with more positive affect [β(SE) = 0.307 (0.06), p < 0.001], to an estimated vigorous physical activity turning point [Point(95%CI) = 36.48 min/day (31.39-41.59)]. Similarly, higher levels of vigorous physical activity were associated with less negative affect [β(SE) = -0.250 (0.06), p < 0.001] up to the estimated vigorous physical activity turning point [Point(95%CI) = 37.35 min/day (31.27-43.44)]. The negative association between vigorous physical activity and negative affect was more pronounced in females than in males. Our findings highlight the importance of adolescents engaging in vigorous physical activity to improve positive affect and reduce negative affect.
Effects of Physical Activity on the Physical and Psychosocial Health of Youth With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2019
Abstract: Background : The physical and psychosocial benefits of physical activity for typically developing youth are well established however, its impact on youth with intellectual disabilities is not as well understood. The aims of this review and meta-analysis were to synthesize the literature and quantify the effects of physical activity on the physical and psychosocial health of youth with intellectual disabilities. Method : Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were grouped by their focus on physical health and/or psychosocial health outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed using 3-level, random effects and mixed effects models. Results : One hundred nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Physical activity had a large effect on physical health ( g = 0.773, P .001) and a moderately large effect ( g = 0.682, P .001) on psychosocial health. Participant age, intellectual disability level, other developmental disabilities, outcome type, and intervention type moderated the effects of physical activity on physical health, whereas study design, risk of bias, other developmental disabilities, outcome type, and intervention type were moderators on psychosocial health. Conclusions : Physical activity has positive effects on the physical and psychosocial health of youth with intellectual disabilities. Although resistance training shows the most physical benefits, teaching movement and sports skills appear to benefit their physical and psychosocial health.
Resistance training improves fatigue and quality of life in previously sedentary breast cancer survivors: a randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 23-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12422
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of resistance training (RT) on quality of life (QOL) and fatigue in breast cancer survivors as an adjunct to usual care. We recruited 39 women who had survived breast cancer [mean age (y) 51.9 ± 8.8 time since diagnosis (m) 11.6 ± 13.2]. Primary outcomes were fatigue as assessed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue (FACIT) scale and QOL as assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) scale. ANCOVA was used to assess the change in the primary outcomes while controlling for baseline values, with effect sizes (ES) displayed as partial Eta squared. The experimental group received supervised RT 3 days per week in a university clinic for 16 weeks. Perceptions of fatigue improved significantly in the RT group compared to controls [mean (SD) 6.7 (7.5) points vs. 1.5 (3.7) points], (P = 0.006, ES = 0.20) as did QOL [6.9 (8.5) points vs. 1.6 (4.4) points], (P = 0.015, ES = 0.16). We demonstrated both statistically and clinically important improvements in fatigue and QOL in response to RT in breast cancer survivors.
Influences of coaches, parents, and peers on the motivational patterns of child and adolescent athletes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-03-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0838.2010.01277.X
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to assess the relative impact of social influences initiated by coach, parents, and peers on children and adolescent athletes' motivational patterns, involving self-rated effort, enjoyment, competence, and competitive trait anxiety. Questionnaire data were collected from 408 youth swimmers (aged 9-18 years). Results of multi-group structural equation modeling analyses generally showed that compared with athletes in the other age group, the social influence from mother was stronger in childhood (mean age=10.87 years SD=1.00), and that from peers was greater in adolescence (mean age=16.32 years SD=1.15). The social influence from coach was more influential for athletes' effort and enjoyment in childhood, and competence in adolescence. We concluded that age appeared to moderate the impact of social influence from significant others on young athletes' sport experiences.
The effect of resistance training on markers of immune function and inflammation in previously sedentary women recovering from breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10549-016-3688-0
Abstract: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of resistance training (RT) on markers of inflammation and immune function in breast cancer survivors. Thirty-nine breast cancer survivors were randomly assigned to a RT (n = 20) or control (n = 19) group. RT performed supervized exercise three times per week. Natural killer cell (NK) and natural killer T-cell (NKT) function, and markers of inflammation (serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and CRP) were measured before and after training. Changes in NK and NKT cell function were analyzed using ANCOVA, with the change score the dependent variable, and the baseline value of the same variable the covariate. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated via partial eta-squared. We found a significant reduction, and large associated ESs, in the RT group compared to the control group for change in NK cell expression of TNF-α (p = 0.005, ES = 0.21) and NKT cell expression of TNF-α (p = 0.04, ES = 0.12). No differences were observed in any serum marker. Significant improvements in all measurements of strength were found in RT compared to control (p < 0.001 large ESs ranging from 0.32 to 0.51). These data demonstrate that RT has a beneficial effect on the NK and NKT cell expression of TNF-α indicating that RT may be beneficial in improving the inflammatory profile in breast cancer survivors.
Intervention to reduce recreational screen-time in adolescents: Outcomes and mediators from the ‘Switch-Off 4 Healthy Minds’ (S4HM) cluster randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.07.014
Abstract: The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of the 'Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds' (S4HM) intervention on recreational screen-time in adolescents. Cluster randomized controlled trial with study measures at baseline and 6-months (post-intervention). Eligible participants reported exceeding recreational screen-time recommendations (i.e., >2h/day). In total, 322 adolescents (mean age=14.4±0.6years) from eight secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia were recruited. The S4HM intervention was guided by Self-Determination Theory and included: an interactive seminar, eHealth messaging, a behavioral contract and parental newsletters. The primary outcome was recreational screen-time. Secondary outcomes included mental health (i.e., well-being, psychological distress, self-perceptions), objectively measured physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). Outcome analyses were conducted using linear mixed models and mediation was examined using a product-of-coefficients test. At post-intervention, significant reductions in screen-time were observed in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the intervention group (-50min/day versus -29min, p<0.05 for both). However, the adjusted difference in change between groups was not statistically significant (mean=-21.3min/day, p=0.255). There were no significant intervention effects for mental health outcomes, physical activity or BMI. Significant mediation effects for autonomous motivation were found. Participants in both the S4HM intervention and control groups significantly reduced their screen-time, with no group-by-time effects. Enhancing autonomous motivation might be a useful intervention target for trials aimed at reducing adolescents' recreational screen-time. ACTRN12614000163606.
Domain-specific physical activity and affective wellbeing among adolescents: an observational study of the moderating roles of autonomous and controlled motivation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2018
A cluster-randomized controlled trial of strategies to increase adolescents physical activity and motivation during physical education lessons: The Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education (MALP) trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2012
Abstract: The physical activity (PA) levels of many children and adolescents in Australia are currently insufficient to promote health benefits. Physical education (PE) programs aim to promote PA and reach nearly all school-aged children, but PA levels within PE lessons are often low. PE teachers may influence children’s motivation to be physically active in PE lessons, but little is known about teacher strategies that effectively motivate children to participate in PA, and few intervention studies have examined motivational strategies in PE. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three motivational strategies, each based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), on PA levels, and their hypothesized antecedents, during year 8 PE lessons. This study employed a cluster-randomized controlled trial design. Following a familiarization session, PA levels and hypothesized PA antecedents were measured during a baseline lesson and a post-intervention or control lesson. Teachers (n = 16) and their classes from five secondary schools in Sydney, Australia were randomly assigned into four blocks and instructed to provide one of four 20-min lesson teaching strategy conditions: (1) explaining the relevance of activities (2) providing choice from PA options selected by the teacher (3) providing equipment and free choice of activities or (4) usual practice. The primary outcomes were lesson time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA, and motivation towards the lesson. Secondary outcomes were perceptions of teacher behavior, psychological needs satisfaction, and lesson time spent in sedentary behavior. PA and sedentary behavior were measured during baseline and post-intervention lessons with waist-mounted Actigraph GT3X accelerometers. Teacher behavior, psychological needs satisfaction, and motivation were assessed via questionnaires at the end of each lesson. Linear mixed-model analyses will be run on all outcomes, with students nested within teachers as a random effect. Study findings will inform the development of effective SDT-based teaching strategy interventions to enhance students’ psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, and PA levels. More effective teaching strategies may be identified that are capable of improving adolescents’ PA levels, and thereby provide beneficial population health outcomes. This trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials and is traceable as ISRCTN07038258.
Improving children’s fundamental movement skills through a family-based physical activity program: results from the “Active 1 + FUN” randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01160-5
Abstract: Physical activity is related to many positive health outcomes, yet activity levels of many children are low. Researchers have suggested that family-based interventions may improve physical activity behaviors of both children and their parents. In this study, we evaluated the “Active 1 + FUN” program, which was designed based on tenets of self-determination theory. Intervention components included free sporting equipment, ten coach-led workshops and activity sessions, and one booster session. We evaluated the intervention program using a randomized controlled trial. One hundred seventy-one families were randomly allocated to either an experimental group or a wait-list control group. Participants were exposed to program contents over a nine-month period, while families in the control did not receive any form of intervention. Measured constructs included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, co-physical activity behaviors, fundamental movement skills, BMI, and several self-reported questionnaire outcomes. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to compare changes in measured outcomes across the two groups. No significant intervention effects were found for children’s and parents’ accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or their co-physical activity. However, in terms of children’s fundamental movement skills, a significant Time*Group interaction ( B = 0.52, 95% CI [0.07, 0.96] for Times 1 to 2 B = 0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48] for Times 1 to 3) in favor of the experimental group was found. Results suggested that the “Active 1 + FUN” program was effective in improving children’s fundamental movement skills. Additional research is needed to examine how family-based initiatives could effectively improve physical activity behaviors too. ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001524280. Registered 11 September 2018, www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375660 .
An Internet-supported Physical Activity Intervention Delivered in Secondary Schools Located in Low Socio-economic Status Communities: Study Protocol for the Activity and Motivation in Physical Educati
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2010
Increasing girls’ physical activity during a short-term organized youth sport basketball program: A randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2015.01.014
Abstract: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of coach education on basketball players' physical activity (PA) intensity during practices. Intervention effects on players' motivation were also investigated. Randomized controlled trial. This study took place over the course of a 5-day organized youth sport (OYS) basketball program in 2 sports centres in Greater Western Sydney, Australia (September, 2013). A convenience s le of 76 players and 8 coaches were recruited. Players were girls aged 9 to 12 years. Following the first 2 days of the basketball program, coaches allocated into the intervention condition attended 2 coach education sessions where strategies to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease inactivity were discussed. Each coach education session lasted approximately 2h. Compared to the control group, players in the intervention group spent a significantly higher proportion of practice time in MVPA (mean difference [MD]=14.6% standard error [SE]=2.2%), vigorous PA (VPA MD=12.6% SE=1.9%), moderate PA (MD=2.0% SE=0.5%) and a significantly lower proportion of practice time inactive (MD=-14.5% SE=2.3%) from baseline to follow-up. There were no significant changes in motivation from baseline to follow-up in either group. Brief coach education sessions can increase MVPA and decrease inactivity without deleterious effects on players' motivation. Also, substantial increases in VPA were found, which is an important finding because VPA has been associated with health benefits, over and above benefits accrued from lower-intensity activity.
Measuring adolescent boys' physical activity: Bout length and the influence of accelerometer epoch length
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-03-2014
On the temporal and behavioural consistency of pre-performance routines: An intra-individual analysis of elite basketball players' free throw shooting accuracy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2008
DOI: 10.1080/02640410701473962
Abstract: The effectiveness of pre-performance routines on skilled performance in a self-paced skill has yet to be verified. In this study, we examine the importance of temporal and behavioural consistency in these routines. The duration and specific pattern of behaviours exhibited before each free throw (n = 284) were observed during 14 National Basketball Association play-off games. An intra-in idual standardized score was calculated for each shot's duration. Each player's dominant behavioural routine was identified and each shot was classified as "sequence followed" or "sequence not followed". No difference was observed in the success rates of shots associated with brief, long, and regular duration routines (P > 0.05). However, players were more successful when they followed their dominant behavioural sequence (83.77% success) than when they deviated from their specific behavioural pattern (71.43% success) (P < 0.05). The findings are interpreted in light of relevant theory and implications for practice are discussed.
Recovery of Forest Vegetation in a Burnt Area in the Republic of Korea: A Perspective Based on Sentinel-2 Data
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP11062570
Abstract: Forest fires are severe disasters that cause significant damage in the Republic of Korea and the entire world, and an effort is being made to prevent forest fires internationally. The Republic of Korea budgets 3.38 million USD every year to prevent forest fires. However, an average of 430 wildfires occur nationwide annually. Thirty-eight percent of the forest fire budget is used for forest restoration. Restoring afforestation in the affected areas is a top priority. This study aimed to estimate the degree of vegetative regeneration using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Soil-Adjustment Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR). Although many studies have used NBR with NDVI to extract plant regeneration regions, they suffer from atmospheric effects and soil brightness. Thus, this study utilizes NBR with NDVI, EVI, and SAVI to accurately select areas for targeted forest restoration. Furthermore, this study applies clustering analysis to extract the spatial boundary of vegetative regenerative regions. The proposed method suggests a pixel range of vegetation indices. These ranges can be used as an indicator, such as the NBR’s Fire Severity Level, which reflects the mountain’s local characteristics, meaning that it can be useful after forest fires. Using the three vegetation indices can extract more accurate vegetation areas than using NBR with NDVI and can help determine a forest restoration target area.
Sports-based mental health promotion in Australia: Formative evaluation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations (Review)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2021
An Intervention for Mental Health Literacy and Resilience in Organized Sports
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 17-06-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002433
Abstract: In this study, we tested the effectiveness of a multicomponent sports-based program aimed at promoting early intervention, help seeking, and resilience among a s le of adolescent male sport participants. The Ahead of the Game program comprised four intervention components and a messaging c aign. Two components targeted mental health literacy, intentions to seek and provide help, and resilience among adolescent boys. A mental health literacy program for parents and a coach education program to assist in the support of athletes’ psychological needs were also included. We evaluated the program using a nonrandomized controlled trial matching two regional communities. In total, 350 sport participants (mean, 14.53 yr) were included in an intervention group, whereas 466 (mean, 14.66 yr) received usual practice in a matched control community. One hundred and eighty parents or caregivers and eight coaches also participated in the intervention components. Between-group mean differences on the primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed models, adjusted for clustering at club level, participant age, and socioeconomic status. Significant positive group–time interactions were found for the primary outcomes of depression and anxiety literacy, intentions to seek help from formal sources, confidence to seek mental health information, and resilience. We also found a significant positive group–time interaction for the secondary outcome of well-being. There were no group–time interactions for social distance (stigma), intentions to seek help from informal sources, implicit beliefs about adversity, perceived familial support, or psychological distress. Given the high rates of sport participation worldwide and the increasing focus on mental health in this domain, translation and dissemination of the program may be warranted after replication.
Burnout in High School Athletic Directors: A Self-Determination Perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-05-2014
Physiotherapy for Sleep Disturbance in People With Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2013.04.017
Abstract: To determine the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain (CLBP) (≥12wks). Randomized controlled trial with evaluations at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Outpatient physiotherapy department in an academic teaching hospital. Participants with CLBP were randomly assigned to a walking program (n=20 mean age ± SD, 46.4±13.8y), supervised exercise class (n=20 mean age ± SD, 41.3±11.9y), or usual physiotherapy (n=20 mean age ± SD, 47.1±14.3y). The 3-month evaluation was completed by 44 participants (73%), and 42 (70%) participants completed the 6-month evaluation. Participants received a physiotherapy-delivered 8-week walking program, an 8-week group supervised exercise class (1 class/wk), or 1-to-1 usual physiotherapy (advice, manual therapy, and exercise). Sleep was assessed by the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Diary, and objective actigraphy. Groups were comparable at baseline. Most (95%, n=57) of the participants had sleep disturbance. The acceptability of actigraphy was excellent at baseline (58 of 60 participants), but dropped at 3 months (26 of 44 participants). There were improvements on the PSQI and ISI in all groups at 3 and 6 months, with predominantly medium effect sizes (Cohen d=0.2-0.5). The high prevalence of sleep disturbance indicated the feasibility of good recruitment in future trials. The PSQI would be a suitable screening tool and outcome measure alongside an objective nonobtrusive sleep outcome measure. The effectiveness of physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in CLBP warrants investigation in a fully powered randomized controlled trial.
Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 24-02-2021
Abstract: utomated wearable cameras present a new opportunity to accurately assess human behavior. However, this technology is seldom used in the study of adolescent’s screen exposure, and the field is reliant on poor-quality self-report data. his study aimed to examine adolescents’ screen exposure by categorizing the type and context of behaviors using automated wearable cameras. dolescents (mean age 15.4 years, SD 1.6 years n=10) wore a camera for 3 school evenings and 1 weekend day. The camera captured an image every 10 seconds. Fieldwork was completed between February and March 2020, and data were analyzed in August 2020. Images were date and time st ed, and coded for screen type, content, and context. ata representing 71,396 images were analyzed. Overall, 74.0% (52,842/71,396) of images contained screens and 16.8% (11,976/71,396) of images contained multiple screens. Most screen exposures involved television sets (25,950/71,396, 36.3%), smartphones (20,851/71,396, 29.2%), and laptop computers (15,309/71,396, 21.4%). The context of screen use differed by device type, although most screen exposures occurred at home (62,455/64,856, 96.3%) and with solitary engagement (54,430/64,856, 83.9%). The immediate after-school period saw high laptop computer use (4785/15,950, 30.0%), while smartphone use (2059/5320, 38.7%) peaked during prebedtime hours. Weekend screen exposure was high, with smartphone use (1070/1927, 55.5%) peaking in the early morning period and fluctuating throughout the day. here was evidence for high screen use during the after-school and weekend period, mostly through solitary engagement, and within the home environment. The findings may inform the basis of larger studies aimed at examining screen exposure in free-living conditions.
A brief report on the development of a theoretically-grounded intervention to promote patient autonomy and self-management of physiotherapy patients: Face validity and feasibility of implementation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2015
Measuring student motivation for physical education: Examining the psychometric properties of the Perceived Locus of Causality Questionnaire and the Situational Motivation Scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Do Coaches Perceive Themselves as Influential on Physical Activity for Girls in Organised Youth Sport?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-09-2014
Supervised walking in comparison with fitness training for chronic back pain in physiotherapy
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2015
Self-determined motivation and students' physical activity during structured physical education lessons and free choice periods
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2008.09.013
Abstract: Various organizations have suggested that physical education (PE) should play a central role in increasing adolescents' physical activity (PA) levels. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between students' self-determined motivation and their PA behavior during a structured PE lesson led by their teacher and a free-choice period in which they were not required to be active. 528 Hong Kong students (mean age=15.78 years) participated in this study in April and May 2007. Situational Motivation Scale scores were used to form high and low self-determined motivation groups. Students wore a pedometer during a 20-minute structured basketball lesson and a 20-minute free choice period, during which they did not receive instruction. ANOVA revealed that self-determined motivation and PE class environments which provided students opportunities to make choices were related to greater PA. Furthermore, the difference in PA between the high and low self-determined groups was greater in the free-choice condition than the structured lesson, suggesting that self-determined motivation is especially important when students are not supervised. Findings indicated that promoting self-determined motivation may be an effective means of ensuring that PE programs are able to increase PA levels, foster self-initiated PA behaviors, and enhance adolescents' health.
Does a Web-Based Exercise Programming System Improve Home Exercise Adherence for People With Musculoskeletal Conditions?
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 23-04-2019
Automated Detection of Greenhouse Structures Using Cascade Mask R-CNN
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/APP12115553
Abstract: Automated detection of the content of images remains a challenging problem in artificial intelligence. Hence, continuous manual monitoring of restricted development zones is critical to maintaining territorial integrity and national security. In this regard, local governments of the Republic of Korea conduct four periodic inspections per year to preserve national territories from illegal encroachments and unauthorized developments in restricted zones. The considerable expense makes responding to illegal developments difficult for local governments. To address this challenge, we propose a deep-learning-based Cascade Mask region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) algorithm designed to perform automated detection of greenhouses in aerial photographs for efficient and continuous monitoring of restricted development zones in the Republic of Korea. Our proposed model is regional-based because it was optimized for the Republic of Korea via transfer learning and hyperparameter tuning, which improved the efficiency of the automated detection of greenhouse facilities. The experimental results demonstrated that the mAP value of the proposed Cascade Mask R-CNN model was 83.6, which was 12.83 higher than baseline mask R-CNN, and 0.9 higher than Mask R-CNN with hyperparameter tuning and transfer learning considered. Similarly, the F1-score of the proposed Cascade Mask R-CNN model was 62.07, which outperformed those of the baseline mask R-CNN and the Mask R-CNN with hyperparameter tuning and transfer learning considered (i.e., the F1-score 52.33 and 59.13, respectively). The proposed improved Cascade Mask R-CNN model is expected to facilitate efficient and continuous monitoring of restricted development zones through routine screening procedures. Moreover, this work provides a baseline for developing an integrated management system for national-scale land-use planning and development infrastructure by synergizing geographical information systems, remote sensing, and deep learning models.
Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-07-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-014-0229-Z
Abstract: Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been conducted. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the strength of associations between physical activity and physical self-concept (general and sub-domains) in children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to examine potential moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept. A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus) with no date restrictions was conducted. Random effects meta-analyses with correction for measurement were employed. The associations between physical activity and general physical self-concept and sub-domains were explored. A risk of bias assessment was conducted by two reviewers. The search identified 64 studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-three studies addressed multiple outcomes of general physical self-concept: 28 studies examined general physical self-concept, 59 examined perceived competence, 25 examined perceived fitness, and 55 examined perceived appearance. Perceived competence was most strongly associated with physical activity (r = 0.30, 95% CI 0.24-0.35, p < 0.001), followed by perceived fitness (r = 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.32, p < 0.001), general physical self-concept (r = 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.34, p < 0.001) and perceived physical appearance (r = 0.12, 95% CI 0.08-0.16, p < 0.001). Sex was a significant moderator for general physical self-concept (p < 0.05), and age was a significant moderator for perceived appearance (p ≤ 0.01) and perceived competence (p < 0.05). No significant moderators were found for perceived fitness. Overall, a significant association has been consistently demonstrated between physical activity and physical self-concept and its various sub-domains in children and adolescents. Age and sex are key moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept.
Measurement Tools for Adherence to Non-Pharmacologic Self-Management Treatment for Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2014.07.405
Abstract: To identify measures of adherence to nonpharmacologic self-management treatments for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) populations and to report on the measurement properties of identified measures. Five databases were searched for all study types that included a chronic MSK population, unsupervised intervention, and measure of adherence. Two independent researchers reviewed all titles for inclusion using the following criteria: adult (>18y) participants with a chronic MSK condition intervention, including an unsupervised self-management component and measure of adherence to the unsupervised self-management component. Descriptive data regarding populations, unsupervised components, and measures of unsupervised adherence (items, response options) were collected from each study by 1 researcher and checked by a second for accuracy. No named or referenced adherence measurement tools were found, but a total of 47 self-invented measures were identified. No measure was used in more than a single study. Methods could be grouped into the following: home diaries (n=31), multi-item questionnaires (n=11), and single-item questionnaires (n=7). All measures varied in type of information requested and scoring method. The lack of established tools precluded quality assessment of the measurement properties using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments methodology. Despite the importance of adherence to self-management interventions, measurement appears to be conducted on an ad hoc basis. It is clear that there is no consistency among adherence measurement tools and that the construct is ill-defined. This study alerts the research community to the gap in measuring adherence to self-care in a rigorous and reproducible manner. Therefore, we need to address this gap by using credible methods (eg, COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines) to develop and evaluate an appropriate measure of adherence for self-management.
Effect of an office worksite-based yoga program on heart rate variability: outcomes of a randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2013
Communication Skills Training for Practitioners to Increase Patient Adherence to Home-Based Rehabilitation for Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2017.02.025
Abstract: To assess the effect of an intervention designed to enhance physiotherapists' communication skills on patients' adherence to recommendations regarding home-based rehabilitation for chronic low back pain. Cluster randomized controlled trial. Publicly funded physiotherapy clinics. A s le (N=308) of physiotherapists (n=53) and patients with chronic low back pain (n=255 54% female patients mean age, 45.3y). Patients received publicly funded in idual physiotherapy care. In the control arm, care was delivered by a physiotherapist who had completed a 1-hour workshop on evidence-based chronic low back pain management. Patients in the experimental arm received care from physiotherapists who had also completed 8 hours of communication skills training. (1) Patient-reported adherence to their physiotherapists' recommendations regarding home-based rehabilitation measured at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the initial treatment session. (2) Pain and pain-related function measured at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. A linear mixed model analysis revealed that the experimental arm patients' ratings of adherence were higher than those of controls (overall mean difference, .41 95% confidence interval, .10-.72 d=.28 P=.01). Moderation analyses revealed that men, regardless of the intervention, showed improvements in pain-related function over time. Only women in the experimental arm showed functional improvements female controls showed little change in function over time. The Communication Style and Exercise Compliance in Physiotherapy intervention did not influence patients' pain, regardless of their sex. Communication skills training for physiotherapists had short-term positive effects on patient adherence. This training may provide a motivational basis for behavior change and could be a useful component in complex interventions to promote adherence. Communication skills training may also improve some clinical outcomes for women, but not for men.
Green Space and Child Weight Status: Does Outcome Measurement Matter? Evidence from an Australian Longitudinal Study
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/194838
Abstract: Objective . To examine whether neighbourhood green space is beneficially associated with (i) waist circumference (WC) and (ii) waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) across childhood. Methods . Gender-stratified multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between green space and objective measures of weight status in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a nationally representative source of data on 4,423 children aged 6 y to 13 y. WC and WtHR were measured objectively. Percentage green space within the local area of residence was calculated. Effect modification by age was explored, adjusting for socioeconomic confounding. Results . Compared to peers with 0–5% green space locally, boys and girls with % green space tended to have lower WC ( β boys −1.15, 95% CI −2.44, 0.14 β girls −0.21, 95% CI −1.47, 1.05) and WtHR ( β boys −0.82, 95% CI −1.65, 0.01 β girls −0.32, 95% CI −1.13, 0.49). Associations among boys were contingent upon age ( p v a l u e s a g e ∗ g r e e n s p a c e 0.001 ) and robust to adjustment for socioeconomic variables. The benefits of greener neighbourhoods appeared from age 7, with mean WC and WtHR for boys aged 13 y with % green space at 73.85 cm and 45.75% compared to those with 0–5% green space at 75.18 cm and 46.62%, respectively. Conclusions . Greener neighbourhoods appear beneficial to alternative child weight status measures, particularly among boys.
Highway Speed Prediction Using Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Networks
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP11073059
Abstract: Movement analytics and mobility insights play a crucial role in urban planning and transportation management. The plethora of mobility data sources, such as GPS trajectories, poses new challenges and opportunities for understanding and predicting movement patterns. In this study, we predict highway speed using a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network. Based on statistical models, previous approaches suffer from the inherited features of traffic data, such as nonlinear problems. The proposed method predicts highway speed based on the GRU method after training on digital tachograph data (DTG). The DTG data were recorded in one month, giving approximately 300 million records. These data included the velocity and locations of vehicles on the highway. Experimental results demonstrate that the GRU-based deep learning approach outperformed the state-of-the-art alternatives, the autoregressive integrated moving average model, and the long short-term neural network (LSTM) model, in terms of prediction accuracy. Further, the computational cost of the GRU model was lower than that of the LSTM. The proposed method can be applied to traffic prediction and intelligent transportation systems.
The influence of controlled motivation alongside autonomous motivation: Maladaptive, buffering, or additive effects?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-03-2015
School Physical Activity Intervention Effect on Adolescents’ Performance in Mathematics
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001730
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to test the effect of a school-based physical activity intervention on adolescents’ performance in mathematics. A secondary aim was to explore potential mechanisms that might explain the intervention effect. The Activity and Motivation in Physical EDucation intervention was evaluated using a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial in 14 secondary schools located in low socioeconomic areas of Western Sydney, Australia. Study participants ( n = 1173) were grade 8 students (mean age = 12.94 yr, SD = 0.54). The multicomponent intervention was designed to help teachers maximize students’ opportunities for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during physical education (PE) and enhance students’ motivation toward PE. Mathematics performance was assessed as part of national testing in grade 7, which was the year before the trial began and then again in grade 9. Potential mediators were: (i) proportion of PE lesson time that students spent in MVPA and leisure time MVPA (%), measured using Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and (ii) students’ self-reported engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) during mathematics lessons. Mediators were assessed at baseline (grade 8) and follow-up (grade 9, 14–15 months after baseline). The effect of the intervention on mathematics performance was small-to-medium (β = 0.16, P 0.001). An intervention effect was observed for MVPA% in PE (β = 0.59, P 0.001), but not for leisure time MVPA or any of the engagement mediators. There were no significant associations between changes in potential mediators and mathematics performance. The Activity and Motivation in Physical EDucation intervention had a significant positive effect on mathematics performance in adolescents. However, findings should be interpreted with caution as the effect was small and not associated with changes in hypothesized mediators.
A coordinate-free, decentralized algorithm for monitoring events occurring to peaks in a dynamic scalar field
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2013
Job pressure and ill-health in physical education teachers: The mediating role of psychological need thwarting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Graphical AIDS to the estimation and discrimination of uncertain numerical data
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-10-2015
Physical Activity and School Engagement in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-03-2016
Sport psychology research and its application in China
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 18-09-2012
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199541850.013.0038
Abstract: From the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, the focus of research in sport psychology was primarily on talent identification. The movement behind talent identification was based on the belief that sporting abilities and potentials are innate, but the environment in which in iduals are raised can also shape their future sporting success. However, from the beginning, the purpose of sport psychology in China was to enhance performance in high-level competitive sport, a direction that was determined by both political and social considerations. This article reviews the development of sport psychology in China over the last thirty years, using Chinese sources primarily from mainland China and to a lesser extent Hong Kong. In order to reflect this development, it presents, in chronological order, the developments in the four important areas of talent identification, sport cognition, mental training models, and on-field psychological support.
The effects of the Australian bushfires on physical activity in children
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Unraveling the Origin of Social Bursts in Collective Attention
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-61523-Z
Abstract: In the era of social media, every day billions of in iduals produce content in socio-technical systems resulting in a deluge of information. However, human attention is a limited resource and it is increasingly challenging to consume the most suitable content for one’s interests. In fact, the complex interplay between in idual and social activities in social systems overwhelmed by information results in bursty activity of collective attention which are still poorly understood. Here, we tackle this challenge by analyzing the online activity of millions of users in a popular microblogging platform during exceptional events, from NBA Finals to the elections of Pope Francis and the discovery of gravitational waves. We observe extreme fluctuations in collective attention that we are able to characterize and explain by considering the co-occurrence of two fundamental factors: the heterogeneity of social interactions and the preferential attention towards influential users. Our findings demonstrate how combining simple mechanisms provides a route towards understanding complex social phenomena.
Effectiveness of a coordinated support system linking public hospitals to a health coaching service compared with usual care at discharge for patients with chronic low back pain: protocol for a random
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12891-021-04479-Z
Abstract: Although many people with chronic low back pain (LBP) improve following conservative treatment, one in five will experience worsening symptoms after discharge from treatment and seek health care again. The current LBP clinical care pathway in many health services lacks a well-integrated, systematic approach to support patients to remain physically active and self-manage their symptoms following discharge from treatment. Health coaching can support people to improve physical activity levels and may potentially reduce health care utilisation for LBP. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of introducing a coordinated support system (linking hospital outpatient physiotherapy services to a public health coaching service) at discharge from LBP treatment, on the future use of hospital, medical, and health services for LBP, compared with usual care provided at discharge. Three hundred and seventy-four adults with chronic non-specific LBP will be recruited from the outpatient physiotherapy departments of public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Participants will be in idually randomised to a support system ( n = 187) or usual care group ( n = 187). All participants will receive usual care provided at discharge from treatment. Participants allocated to the support system will also receive up to 10 telephone-based health coaching sessions, delivered by the Get Healthy Service®, over a 6-month period. Health coaches will monitor and support participants to improve physical activity levels and achieve personal health-related goals. The primary outcome is the total number of encounters with hospital, medical, and health services for LBP, at 12 months from baseline. A within-trial economic evaluation will quantify the incremental costs and benefits of the support system from a health system perspective, to support reimbursement decision making. This study will establish the effect of a coordinated support system, introduced at discharge from treatment, on the future use of hospital, medical, and health services for LBP and various health outcomes. Innovative community-driven solutions to support people with chronic LBP after discharge from treatment are urgently needed. Study findings will help inform health care policy and clinical practice in Australia. Prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12620000889954 ) on 10/09/2020.
Self-determined motivation and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2014.07.033
Abstract: Self-determination theory is used as a framework for examining the relation between motivation and physical activity. The purpose of this review was to systematically review studies that assessed the association between self-determined motivation and physical activity levels in children and adolescents. We searched electronic databases in April 2013. Included studies assessed the relation between motivation (as outlined in self-determination theory) and physical activity in children and adolescents. Forty-six studies (n=15,984 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis indicated that overall levels of self-determined motivation had a weak to moderate, positive associations with physical activity (ρ=.21 to .31). Autonomous forms of motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) had moderate, positive associations with physical activity (ρ=.27 to .38), whereas controlled forms of motivation (i.e., introjection and external regulation) had weak, negative associations with physical activity (ρ=-.03 to -.17). Amotivation had a weak, negative association with physical activity (ρ=-.11 to -.21). Evidence provides some support for self-determination theory tenets. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in most associations and many studies had methodological shortcomings.
Using genetic algorithms to abbreviate the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport: A substantive-methodological synthesis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Effect of a Scalable School-Based Intervention on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 03-05-2021
English validation of the short form of the Physical Self-Inventory (PSI-S)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Decentralized querying of topological relations between regions without using localization
Publisher: ACM
Date: 02-11-2010
A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school physical education lessons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2012.12.004
Abstract: Physical education (PE) that allows students to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can play an important role in health promotion. Unfortunately, MVPA levels in PE lessons are often very low. In this review, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase the proportion of PE lesson time that students spend in MVPA. In March 2012, we searched electronic databases for intervention studies that were conducted in primary or secondary schools and measured the proportion of lesson time students spent in MVPA. We assessed risk of bias, extracted data, and conducted meta-analyses to determine intervention effectiveness. From an initial pool of 12,124 non-duplicate records, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Students in intervention conditions spent 24% more lesson time in MVPA compared with students in usual practice conditions (standardized mean difference=0.62). Given the small number of studies, moderate-to-high risk of bias, and the heterogeneity of results, caution is warranted regarding the strength of available evidence. However, this review indicates that interventions can increase the proportion of time students spend in MVPA during PE lessons. As most children and adolescents participate in PE, these interventions could lead to substantial public health benefits.
Decentralized querying of topological relations between regions monitored by a coordinate-free geosensor network
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2013
Effect of a Self-Determination Theory–Based Communication Skills Training Program on Physiotherapists' Psychological Support for Their Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Tria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2014.11.007
Abstract: To examine the effects of communication skills training on physiotherapists' supportive behavior during clinical practice. Randomized trial. Hospital outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Physiotherapists (N=24) and patients (N=24) with chronic low back pain. Two hospital clinics were randomly assigned to the intervention arm. Physiotherapists (n=12) received 8 hours of communication skills training focused on supporting patients' psychological needs. Physiotherapists (n=12) from 2 other hospital clinics formed a waitlist control arm. Verbal communication between each physiotherapist and a patient was recorded on an audiotape, and independent, blinded raters used the Health Care Climate Questionnaire to assess physiotherapists' needs-supportive behavior (primary outcome). Independent raters' Health Care Climate Questionnaire scores favored the intervention arm (Cohen's d=2.27 P<.01). Compared with controls, independent ratings demonstrated that physiotherapists who completed the Communication style and exercise compliance in physiotherapy training were found to provide greater support for patients' needs in a single assessed session. Long-term maintenance of this needs-supportive behavior should be examined.
School-based physical activity intervention for older adolescents: Rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn cluster randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-026029
Abstract: This trial aims to investigate the impact of a school-based physical activity programme, involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on the physical, mental and cognitive health of senior school students. The Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention will be evaluated using a two-arm parallel group cluster randomised controlled trial with allocation occurring at the school level (to treatment or wait-list control). Schools will be recruited in two cohorts from New South Wales, Australia. The trial will aim to recruit ~720 senior school students (aged 16–18 years) from 20 secondary schools (ie, 10 schools per cohort). A range of implementation strategies will be provided to teachers (eg, training, equipment and support) to facilitate the delivery of HIIT sessions during scheduled classes. In phase I and II (3 months each), teachers will facilitate the delivery of at least two HIIT sessions/week during lesson-time. In phase III (6 months), students will be encouraged to complete sessions outside of lesson-time (teachers may continue to facilitate the delivery of B2L sessions during lesson-time). Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months (primary end point) and 12 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include: vigorous physical activity, muscular fitness, cognition and mental health. A subs le of students will (i) provide hair s les to determine their accumulated exposure to stressful events and (ii) undergo multimodal MRI to examine brain structure and function. A process evaluation will be conducted (ie, recruitment, retention, attendance and programme satisfaction). This study has received approval from the University of Newcastle (H-2016–0424) and the NSW Department of Education (SERAP: 2017116) human research ethics committees. ACTRN12618000293268 Pre-results.
Scale-up of the Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers promote Activity in Youth (iPLAY) intervention: a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-022-01371-4
Abstract: Whole-of-school programs have demonstrated success in improving student physical activity levels, but few have progressed beyond efficacy testing to implementation at-scale. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the scale-up of the ‘Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers promote Activity in Youth’ (iPLAY) intervention in primary schools using the RE-AIM framework. We conducted a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study and collected data between April 2016 and June 2021, in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. RE-AIM was operationalised as: (i) Reach: Number and representativeness of students exposed to iPLAY (ii) Effectiveness: Impact of iPLAY in a sub-s le of students ( n = 5,959) (iii) Adoption: Number and representativeness of schools that received iPLAY (iv) Implementation: Extent to which the three curricular and three non-curricular components of iPLAY were delivered as intended (v) Maintenance: Extent to which iPLAY was sustained in schools. We conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with teachers ( n = 14), leaders ( n = 19), and principals ( n = 10) from 18 schools (11 from urban and 7 from rural locations) to determine program maintenance. Reach: iPLAY reached ~ 31,000 students from a variety of socio-economic strata (35% of students were in the bottom quartile, almost half in the middle two quartiles, and 20% in the top quartile). Effectiveness: We observed small positive intervention effects for enjoyment of PE/sport (0.12 units, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.20, d = 0.17), perceptions of need support from teachers (0.26 units, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.53, d = 0.40), physical activity participation (0.28 units, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.47, d = 0.14), and subjective well-being (0.82 units, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.32, d = 0.12) at 24-months. Adoption: 115 schools received iPLAY. Implementation: Most schools implemented the curricular (59%) and non-curricular (55%) strategies as intended. Maintenance: Based on our qualitative data, changes in teacher practices and school culture resulting from iPLAY were sustained. iPLAY had extensive reach and adoption in NSW primary schools. Most of the schools implemented iPLAY as intended and effectiveness data suggest the positive effects observed in our cluster RCT were sustained when the intervention was delivered at-scale. ACTRN12621001132831.
Athlete burnout in elite sport: A self-determination perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1080/02640410902929366
Abstract: Using self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) as the theoretical framework, we examined potential antecedents of athlete burnout in 201 elite Canadian athletes (121 females, 80 males mean age 22.9 years). Employing a cross-sectional design, our primary aims were to investigate the relationships between behavioural regulations and athlete burnout and to examine whether self-determined motivation mediated relationships between basic needs satisfaction and athlete burnout. Our self-determination theory-derived hypotheses were largely supported. Relationships among athlete burnout and behavioural regulations mostly varied according to their rank on the self-determination continuum, with less self-determined motives showing positive associations and more self-determined motives showing negative correlations with burnout. The basic needs of competence and autonomy, plus self-determined motivation, accounted for significant amounts of variance in athlete burnout symptoms (exhaustion, R(2) = 0.31 devaluation, R(2) = 0.49 reduced accomplishment, R(2) = 0.61 global burnout, R(2) = 0.74). Self-determined motivation fully mediated the relationships that competence and autonomy had with exhaustion. Analyses showed indirect relationships between these two needs and devaluation, through their associations with self-determined motivation. Motivation partially mediated the needs-reduced sense of accomplishment relationships, but the direct effects were more prominent than the indirect effects.
Communication style and exercise compliance in physiotherapy (CONNECT). A cluster randomized controlled trial to test a theory-based intervention to increase chronic low back pain patients’ adherence
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2012
Pilates Exercise or Stationary Cycling for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2013
Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations (Protocol)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-11-2016
Temporal Ordering of Motivational Quality and Athlete Burnout in Elite Sport
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2011
Mindfulness and acceptance approaches to sporting performance enhancement: a systematic review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-11-2019
Rates of compliance and adherence to high-intensity interval training in insufficiently active adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13643-020-01301-0
Abstract: Both high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training demonstrate beneficial physiological outcomes for active and insufficiently active populations. However, it remains unclear whether compliance to exercise in supervised settings translates to long-term adherence to physical activity in real-world, unstructured environments. To our knowledge, no comprehensive review is available on compliance and/or adherence rates to either modes of exercise for insufficiently active in iduals. Furthermore, it is unclear which training modality insufficiently active in iduals comply and/or adhere more readily to. Based on these gaps, the following two questions will be addressed: (1) What are compliance and adherence rates to high-intensity interval training for insufficiently active adults aged 18–65 years and (2) How do compliance and adherence rates differ between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training? Both observational and experimental studies that report on compliance and/or adherence rates to high-intensity interval training will be included. Relevant studies will be retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science using a pre-specified search strategy. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used by two independent researchers to determine eligible studies. Of those meeting the inclusion criteria, data extraction and narrative synthesis will be completed, and where applicable, random-effects meta-analyses will be computed to compare compliance and adherence rates between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training. Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses will be used to further explore factors that could influence aggregate effect sizes. Risk of bias will be assessed using established tools by the Cochrane association, and quality assessment of the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach. Results from this study may have the potential to inform future physical activity recommendations and guidelines on the ideal mode of exercise for the general population. This review will add to the body of literature on the feasibility of high-intensity interval training for an insufficiently active population, conclusively addressing the ongoing debate of whether it is an appropriate exercise choice for this demographic. With this new information, in iduals working towards a healthier lifestyle through physical activity engagement may be better equipped to make an evidence-based decision. This review has been registered in the PROSPERO database and assigned the identifier CRD42019103313 .
Avoiding exposure to air pollution by using filtering facemask respirators: An application of the health action process approach.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000264
Abstract: Adherence to the use of filtering facemask respirators on hazy days to reduce exposure to air pollution is examined with the aim of uncovering psychological mechanisms that may be responsible for in idual differences in motivation and behavior. In a longitudinal survey, 164 young adults from Beijing, China, completed assessments at baseline (Time 1), 2 weeks (Time 2), and 4 weeks later (Time 3). Self-efficacy, risk perception, and outcome expectancies were measured along with intention at Time 1, planning and action control at Time 2, and facemask use at Time 3. A structural equation model was specified to test theory-implied pathways of influence. Self-efficacy and risk perception jointly predicted behavioral intention at Time 1. Planning and action control at Time 2 jointly predicted behavior at Time 3, serving as parallel mediators between intention (Time 1) and facemask use (Time 3). The model explained 19.5% and 30.2% of the variance in intention and behavior, respectively. Results support theory-based psychological mechanisms, with a focus on planning and action control, which might be influential in the adoption and maintenance of self-protective facemask wearing.
Burnout in elite rugby: Relationships with basic psychological needs fulfilment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1080/02640410701784525
Abstract: In this study, we examined the utility of self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002) as a framework for understanding the antecedents of athlete burnout in elite New Zealand rugby union players (n=133). Perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness (i.e. basic psychological needs) were hypothesized to be negatively related to burnout scores, while players classified as "high-burnouts" were predicted to report lower needs fulfilment than players with low burnout. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that relatedness was a low to moderate predictor of burnout, but players' competence and autonomy accounted for substantial portions of variance in two athlete burnout symptoms: reduced accomplishment and sport devaluation. The proportion of variance accounted for in the exhaustion dimension of athlete burnout was not substantive. Multivariate analysis of variance supported these results, as "high-burnout" players had lower competence and autonomy scores than athletes reporting low burnout symptoms. The two groups did not report significantly different relatedness scores. Implications of these results for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Rationale and study protocol for ‘Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds’ (S4HM): A cluster randomized controlled trial to reduce recreational screen time in adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2014.12.001
Abstract: Excessive recreational screen time (i.e., screen use for entertainment) is a global public health issue associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Considering the growing popularity of screen-based recreation in adolescents, there is a need to identify effective strategies for reducing screen time among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to report the rationale and study protocol for the 'Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds' (S4HM) study, an intervention designed to reduce recreational screen time among adolescents. The S4HM intervention will be evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial in eight secondary schools (N=322 students) in New South Wales, Australia. The 6-month multi-component intervention will encourage adolescents to manage their recreational screen time using a range of evidence-based strategies. The intervention is grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and includes the following components: an interactive seminar for students, eHealth messaging, behavioral contract and parental newsletters. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 6-months (i.e., immediate post-test). The primary outcome is recreational screen time measured by the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ). Secondary outcomes include: self-reported psychological well-being, psychological distress, global physical self-concept, resilience, pathological video gaming and aggression, and objectively measured physical activity (accelerometry) and body mass index (BMI). Hypothesized mediators of behavior change will also be explored. The S4HM study will involve the evaluation of an innovative, theory-driven, multi-component intervention that targets students and their parents and is designed to reduce recreational screen time in adolescents. The intervention has been designed for scalability and dissemination across Australian secondary schools.
Time-efficient intervention to improve older adolescents' cardiorespiratory fitness: Findings from the a € Burn 2 Learn' cluster randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-12-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103277
Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important marker of current and future health status. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a time-efficient school-based intervention on older adolescents’ CRF. Two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in two cohorts (February 2018 to February 2019 and February 2019 to February 2020) in New South Wales, Australia. Participants (N=670, 44.6% women, 16.0±0.43 years) from 20 secondary schools: 10 schools (337 participants) were randomised to the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention and 10 schools (333 participants) to the control. Teachers in schools allocated to the B2L intervention were provided with training, resources, and support to facilitate the delivery of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) activity breaks during curriculum time. Teachers and students in the control group continued their usual practice. The primary outcome was CRF (20 m multi-stage fitness test). Secondary outcomes were muscular fitness, physical activity, hair cortisol concentrations, mental health and cognitive function. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 months (primary end-point) and 12 months. Effects were estimated using mixed models accounting for clustering. We observed a group-by-time effect for CRF (difference=4.1 laps, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.4) at the primary end-point (6 months), but not at 12 months. At 6 months, group-by-time effects were found for muscular fitness, steps during school hours and cortisol. Implementing HIIT during curricular time improved adolescents’ CRF and several secondary outcomes. Our findings suggest B2L is unlikely to be an effective approach unless teachers embed sessions within the school day. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000293268).
Vessel Trajectory Reconstruction Based on Functional Data Analysis Using Automatic Identification System Data
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/APP10030881
Abstract: This study provides an automatic shipping-route construction method using functional data analysis (FDA), which analyzes information about curves, such as multiple data points over time. The proposed approach includes two steps: outlier detection and shipping-route construction. This study uses automatic-identification system (AIS) data for the experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through case studies, wherein our approach is compared with the Mahalanobis distance method for trajectory-outlier detection, and the performance of vessel trajectory reconstruction is compared with that of a density-based approach. The proposed method improves understanding of vessel-movement dynamics, thereby improving maritime monitoring and security.
Promoting physical activity in children through family-based intervention: protocol of the “Active 1 + FUN” randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-02-2019
Reliability of GENEActiv accelerometers to estimate sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time in children
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01143-6
Abstract: Reliable estimates of habitual sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time are essential to investigate the associations between these behaviours and health outcomes. While the number of days needed and hours/day for estimates of physical activity and sedentary time are generally known, the criteria for sleep estimates are more uncertain. The objective of this study was to identify the number of nights needed to obtain reliable estimates of habitual sleep behaviour using the GENEActiv wrist worn accelerometer. The number of days to obtain reliable estimate of physical activity was also examined. Data was used from a two-year longitudinal study. Children wore an accelerometer for up to 8 days 24 h/day across three timepoints. The s le included 2,745 children (51 % girls) between the ages of 7-12-years-old (mean = 9.8 years, SD = 1.1 year) with valid accelerometer data from any timepoint. Reliability estimates were calculated for sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep onset, wake time, time in bed, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and sedentary time. Intraclass correlations and the Spearman Brown prophecy formula were used to determine the nights and days needed for reliable estimates. We found that between 3 and 5 nights were needed to achieve acceptable reliability (ICC = 0.7) in sleep outcomes, while physical activity and sedentary time outcomes required between 3 and 4 days. To obtain reliable estimates, researchers should consider these minimum criteria when designing their studies and prepare strategies to ensure sufficient wear time compliance.
School-based interventions modestly increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness but are least effective for youth who need them most: an individual participant pooled analysis of 20 contr
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 13-01-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-102740
Abstract: To determine if subpopulations of students benefit equally from school-based physical activity interventions in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. To examine if physical activity intensity mediates improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. Pooled analysis of in idual participant data from controlled trials that assessed the impact of school-based physical activity interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness and device-measured physical activity. Data for 6621 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years from 20 trials were included. Peak oxygen consumption (VO 2Peak mL/kg/min) and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity. Interventions modestly improved students’ cardiorespiratory fitness by 0.47 mL/kg/min (95% CI 0.33 to 0.61), but the effects were not distributed equally across subpopulations. Girls and older students benefited less than boys and younger students, respectively. Students with lower levels of initial fitness, and those with higher levels of baseline physical activity benefitted more than those who were initially fitter and less active, respectively. Interventions had a modest positive effect on physical activity with approximately one additional minute per day of both moderate and vigorous physical activity. Changes in vigorous, but not moderate intensity, physical activity explained a small amount (~5%) of the intervention effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. Future interventions should include targeted strategies to address the needs of girls and older students. Interventions may also be improved by promoting more vigorous intensity physical activity. Interventions could mitigate declining youth cardiorespiratory fitness, increase physical activity and promote cardiovascular health if they can be delivered equitably and their effects sustained at the population level.
A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-02-2020
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529
Abstract: There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs
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