ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2834-7922
Current Organisations
University Hospital of Lausanne
,
University of Oxford
,
University of Lausanne
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Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1574-6968.2006.00118.X
Abstract: The Pneumocystis carinii gene encoding the enzyme dihydrofolate synthase (DHFS), which is involved in the essential biosynthesis of folates, was isolated from clones of the Pneumocystis genome project, and sequenced. The deduced P. carinii DHFS protein shares 38% and 35% identity with DHFS of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. P. carinii DHFS expressed from a plasmid functionally complemented a S. cerevisiae mutant with no DHFS. Comparison of available DHFSs with highly similar folylpolyglutamate synthases allowed the identification of potential signatures responsible for the specificities of these two classes of enzymes. The results open the way to experimentally analyse the structure and function of P. carinii mono-functional enzyme DHFS, to investigate a possible role of DHFS in the resistance to antifolates of P. jirovecii, the species infecting specifically humans, and to develop a new class of antifolates.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKW157
Abstract: The 5th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) meeting aimed to establish evidence-based recommendations for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV-infected patients with an underlying haematological condition, including allogeneic HSCT recipients. Recommendations were based on the grading system of the IDSA. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole given 2–3 times weekly is the drug of choice for the primary prophylaxis of PCP in adults (A-II) and children (A-I) and should be given during the entire period at risk. Recent data indicate that children may benefit equally from a once-weekly regimen (B-II). All other drugs, including pentamidine, atovaquone and dapsone, are considered second-line alternatives when trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is poorly tolerated or contraindicated. The main indications of PCP prophylaxis are ALL, allogeneic HSCT, treatment with alemtuzumab, fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab combinations, weeks of treatment with corticosteroids and well-defined primary immune deficiencies in children. Additional indications are proposed depending on the treatment regimen.
Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKW156
Abstract: The Fifth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) convened a meeting to establish evidence-based recommendations for using tests to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in adult patients with haematological malignancies. Immunofluorescence assays are recommended as the most sensitive microscopic method (recommendation A-II). Real-time PCR is recommended for the routine diagnosis of PCP (A-II). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is recommended as the best specimen as it yields good negative predictive value (A-II). Non-invasive specimens can be suitable alternatives (B-II), acknowledging that PCP cannot be ruled out in case of a negative PCR result (A-II). Detecting β-d-glucan in serum can contribute to the diagnosis but not the follow-up of PCP (A-II). A negative serum β-d-glucan result can exclude PCP in a patient at risk (A-II), whereas a positive test result may indicate other fungal infections. Genotyping using multilocus sequence markers can be used to investigate suspected outbreaks (A-II). The routine detection of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in cases of treatment failure is not recommended (B-II) since these mutations do not affect response to high-dose co-trimoxazole. The clinical utility of these diagnostic tests for the early management of PCP should be further assessed in prospective, randomized interventional studies.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKW155
Abstract: The risk of patients with ALL and recipients of an allogeneic HSCT developing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is sufficiently high to warrant guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease. In this issue, the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) presents its recommendations in three companion papers.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 07-1995
DOI: 10.1128/JB.177.14.3923-3931.1995
Abstract: To elucidate the process of asymmetric ision during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis, we have measured changes in cell cycle parameters during the transition from vegetative growth to sporulation. Because the propensity of B. subtilis to grow in chains of cells precludes the use of automated cell-scanning devices, we have developed a fluorescence microscopic method for analyzing cell cycle parameters in in idual cells. From the results obtained, and measurements of DNA replication fork elongation rates and the escape time of sporulation from the inhibition of DNA replication, we have derived a detailed time scale for the early morphological events of sporulation which is mainly consistent with the cell cycle changes expected following nutritional downshift. The previously postulated sensitive stage in the DNA replication cycle, beyond which the cell is unable to sporulate without a new cell cycle, could represent a point in the ision cycle at which the starved cell cannot avoid attaining the initiation mass for DNA replication and thus embarking on another round of the cell cycle. The final cell cycle event, formation of the asymmetric spore septum, occurs at about the time in the cell cycle at which the uninduced cell would have ided centrally, in keeping with the view that spore septation is a modified version of vegetative ision.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-01-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKW580
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-06-2015
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIV133
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 06-1995
Abstract: Spore formation in Bacillus subtilis begins with an asymmetric cell ision that superficially resembles the ision of vegetative cells. Mutations in the spoIIIE gene of B. subtilis partially block partitioning of one chromosome into the smaller (prespore) compartment of the sporulating cell. Point mutations that specifically block prespore chromosome partitioning affect a carboxy-terminal domain of SpoIIIE that shows significant sequence similarity to the DNA transfer (Tra) proteins of several conjugative plasmids of Streptomyces. In wild-type sporulating cells, the prespore chromosome passes through an intermediate stage resembling the state in which spoIIIE mutant cells are blocked. The prespore chromosome is then transferred progressively through the newly formed spore septum. We propose that translocation of the prespore chromosome occurs by a mechanism that is functionally related to the conjugative transfer of plasmid DNA.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Philippe Hauser.