ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2794-0193
Current Organisations
Queensland University of Technology
,
Fremantle Dockers Football Club
,
University of Technology Sydney
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-2023
Abstract: Objective: The aim in this study was to quantify the number, nature, and severity of injuries sustained by male and female high school students who took part in a running training program that culminated in the completion of a half or full marathon. Design: This study is a retrospective clinical audit. Methods: Injury reports from high school students (grades 9–12) who participated in a half or full marathon 30-week progressive training program comprising four training days per week (three running days and one cross-training day) were reviewed. The number of runners completing a marathon, together with the number, nature, severity of injuries, and treatment types, as reported to the program physiotherapist, were the main outcome measures. Results: Program completion was 96% (n = 448/469). Of all participants, 186 (39.6%) were injured, with 14 withdrawing from the program due to injury. For those who completed a marathon, 172 (38%) reported 205 musculoskeletal injuries (age of injured runners: 16.3 ± 1.1 years 88 girls (51.2%) and 84 boys (48.8%)). More than half (n = 113, 55.1%) of the reported injuries were soft tissue injuries. Most injuries were localized to the lower leg (n = 88, 42.9%) and were of a minor nature (n = 181, 90%), requiring only 1–2 treatments. Conclusions: There was a low number of relatively minor injuries for high school participants taking part in a graduated and supervised marathon training program. The injury definition was conservative (i.e., any attendance to physiotherapist) and the relative severity of injuries was minor (i.e., requiring 1–2 treatment sessions). Overall, these results do not support a need to restrict high school students from taking part in marathon running, though continued emphasis on graduated program development and close supervision of young participants is recommended.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-01-2022
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.1C10391
Abstract: The rational design and controllable synthesis of hollow nanoparticles with both a mesoporous shell and an asymmetric architecture are crucially desired yet still significant challenges. In this work, a kinetics-controlled interfacial super-assembly strategy is developed, which is capable of preparing asymmetric porous and hollow carbon (APHC) nanoparticles through the precise regulation of polymerization and assembly rates of two kinds of precursors. In this method, Janus resin and silica hybrid (RSH) nanoparticles are first fabricated through the kinetics-controlled competitive nucleation and assembly of two precursors. Specifically, silica nanoparticles are initially formed, and the resin nanoparticles are subsequently formed on one side of the silica nanoparticles, followed by the co-assembly of silica and resin on the other side of the silica nanoparticles. The APHC nanoparticles are finally obtained via high-temperature carbonization of RSH nanoparticles and elimination of silica. The erratic asymmetrical, hierarchical porous and hollow structure and excellent photothermal performance under 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light endow the APHC nanoparticles with the ability to serve as fuel-free nanomotors with NIR-light-driven propulsion. Upon illumination by NIR light, the photothermal effect of the APHC shell causes both self-thermophoresis and jet driving forces, which propel the APHC nanomotor. Furthermore, with the assistance of phase change materials, such APHC nanoparticles can be employed as smart vehicles that can achieve on-demand release of drugs with a 980 nm NIR laser. As a proof of concept, we apply this APHC-based therapeutic system in cancer treatment, which shows improved anticancer performance due to the synergy of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. In brief, this kinetics-controlled approach may put forward new insight into the design and synthesis of functional materials with unique structures, properties, and applications by adjusting the assembly rates of multiple precursors in a reaction system.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-10-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FSPOR.2022.963946
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between pre-season body composition, in-season match performance, and match availability in female players competing in the Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) competition. With the outlawing of body composition assessments as part of pre-draft player evaluations in the AFLW, this study seeks to examine whether this is justified. Twenty-two ( n = 22) players had body composition assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the beginning of the 2021 AFLW pre-season (whole-body and regional fat mass and lean soft-tissue mass [LSTM]). In-season match availability and match performance data (Coaches Score [CS], Ch ion Data Player Rank, average disposals, disposal and kicking efficiency) were collected throughout the 2021 competition. Pearson correlations were performed to assess if associations existed between body composition and in-season match performance and availability. A median split was performed to ide players into higher and lower performing groups for match performance variables. Two-s le independent t -tests were then used to assess differences between groups. No body composition characteristics could differentiate between in-season match availability groups (100% availability vs. & % availability) or higher and lower performing groups for all match performance variables. Total leg LSTM asymmetry shared a moderate negative association with CS. Body composition may not be important for determining in-season match availability and performance in female AFLW players. Thus, the repercussions following the removal of pre-draft body composition assessments across the league may not be as significant as is currently perceived. Other physiological, biomechanical, or performance qualities are more variable and may mask the effect of body composition in these players. AFLW practitioners should prioritize the development of other important attributes, such as aerobic fitness, muscular strength and power, and technical skill.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 22-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.13549
Abstract: Primary care providers, including general practice teams (GPTs), are well positioned within the community to integrate cancer survivorship care into ongoing health management. However, roles of GPT members in delivery of cancer survivorship care have not been explored. The purpose of this study is to explore these roles from the perspectives of General Practitioners (GPs), Practice Nurses (PNs) and Practice Managers (PMs). An interpretive qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth telephone interviews with ten GPs, nine PNs and five PMs was conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory methods. Perspectives of roles in delivery of cancer survivorship care were highly variable. Variation was evident among perceptions of needs of cancer survivors, in idual team members' scopes of practice, and in idual professional knowledge and skills. A lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities of GPT members was thought to contribute to a lack of consistency in survivorship care. Reducing variations in perceptions of survivorship care in the primary care setting should be a priority. Such efforts may include development of practical guidance to support GPT members to clarify scopes of practice within the team. In addition to accessible comprehensive education programs, other innovative, tailored in idualised education approaches may be helpful. System-level support in clarifying and supporting the roles of the primary care team is needed to facilitate a survivorship delivery system at general practice level where those within GPT can ensure that in idual patients' needs are met in a timely and effective manner.
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10926-022-10059-2
Abstract: Purpose A lack of published epidemiological data among police recruits presents a major challenge when designing appropriate prevention programs to reduce injury burden. We aimed to report the injury epidemiology of Western Australian (WA) Police Force recruits and examine sex and age as injury risk factors. Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted of prospectively collected injury data from WA Police Force recruits between 2018–2021. Injury was defined as ‘time-loss’ and injury incidence rate per 1000 training days (Poisson exact 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. For each region and type of injury, the incidence, severity, and burden were calculated. The association between age, sex, and injury occurrence were assessed using Cox regression time-to-event analysis. Results A total of 1316 WA Police Force recruits were included, of whom 264 recruits sustained 304 injuries. Injury prevalence was 20.1% and the incidence rate was 2.00 (95%CI 1.78–2.24) injuries per 1000 training days. Lower limb injuries accounted for most of the injury burden. Ligament/ joint injuries had the highest injury tissue athology burden. The most common activity injuring recruits was physical training (31.8% of all injuries). Older age (Hazard Ratio = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.2 to 1.9, p = 0.002) and female sex (Hazard Ratio = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.3 to 1.6, p 0.001) increased risk of injury. Conclusion Prevention programs targeting muscle/tendon and ligament/joint injuries to the lower limb and shoulder should be prioritised to reduce the WA Police Force injury burden. Injury prevention programs should also prioritise recruits who are over 30 years of age or of female sex, given they are a higher risk population.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13051664
Abstract: Fat mass (FM) gain and lean mass (LM) loss are common side effects for patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Excess FM has been associated with an increased risk of developing obesity-related comorbidities, exacerbating prostate cancer progression, and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. LM is the predominant contributor to resting metabolic rate, with any loss impacting long-term weight management as well as physical function. Therefore, reducing FM and preserving LM may improve patient-reported outcomes, risk of disease progression, and ameliorate comorbidity development. In ADT-treated patients, exercise and nutrition programs can lead to improvements in quality of life and physical function however, effects on body composition have been variable. The aim of this review was to provide a descriptive overview and critical appraisal of exercise and nutrition-based interventions in prostate cancer patients on ADT and their effect on FM and LM. Our findings are that FM gain and LM loss are side effects of ADT that could be reduced, prevented, or even reversed with the implementation of a combined exercise and nutrition program. However, the most effective combination of specific exercise and nutrition prescriptions are yet to be determined, and thus should be a focus for future studies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-021-00391-X
Abstract: Australian Football is a fast paced, intermittent sport, played by both male and female populations. The aim of this systematic review was to compare male and female Australian Football players, competing at elite and sub-elite levels, for running performance during Australian Football matches based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Medline, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science searches, using search terms inclusive of Australian Football, movement demands and microsensor technology, returned 2535 potential manuscripts, of which 33 were included in the final analyses. Results indicated that male athletes performed approximately twice the total running distances of their female counterparts, which was likely due to the differences in quarter length (male elite = 20 min, female elite = 15 min (plus time-on). When expressed relative to playing time, the differences between males and females somewhat diminished. However, high-speed running distances covered at velocities 14.4 km·h −1 ( 4 m·s −1 ) were substantially greater (≥ 50%) for male than female players. Male and female players recorded similar running intensities during peak periods of play of shorter duration (e.g., around 1 min), but when the analysis window was lengthened, females showed a greater decrement in running performance. These results suggest that male players should be exposed to greater training volumes, whereas training intensities should be reasonably comparable across male and female athletes.
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 16-10-2013
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS486
Abstract: Organizing research data for effective analysis has been insufficiently addressed in the methodological literature. This paper proposes that principles of knowledge organization relating to relevance, precision, recall, exhaustivity and specificity offer a ready-made model that can be applied to research data. The primary ex le is drawn from qualitative research to demonstrate how the model can be reinterpreted for that context. Reference is also made to the model's transferability to quantitative and textual research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-10-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002509
Abstract: Excess fat mass (FM) contributes to poor prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis and comorbidity. However, FM gain is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We examined the efficacy of a 12-wk weight loss intervention to reduce FM and maintain lean mass (LM) in ADT-treated obese PCa patients. Fourteen ADT-treated obese PCa patients (72 ± 9 yr, 39.7% ± 5.4% body fat) were recruited for a self-controlled prospective study, with 11 completing the 6-wk control period, followed by a 12-wk intervention comprising 300 min·wk −1 of exercise including supervised resistance training and home-based aerobic exercise, and dietitian consultations advising a daily energy deficit (2100–4200 kJ) and protein supplementation. Body composition was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength (one-repetition maximum), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), and blood biomarkers. There were no significant changes during the control period. Patients attended 89% of supervised exercise sessions and 100% of dietitian consultations. No changes in physical activity or energy intake were observed. During the intervention, patients experienced significant reductions in weight (−2.8 ± 3.2 kg, P = 0.016), FM (−2.8 ± 2.6 kg, P 0.001), and trunk FM (−1.8 ± 1.4 kg, P 0.001), with LM preserved (−0.05 ± 1.6 kg, P = 0.805). Muscle strength (4.6%–24.7%, P 0.010) and maximal oxygen consumption (3.5 ± 4.7 mL·min −1 ·kg −1 , P = 0.041) significantly improved. Leptin significantly decreased (−2.2 (−2.7 to 0.5) ng·mL −1 , P = 0.016) with no other changes in blood biomarkers such as testosterone and lipids ( P = 0.051–0.765) however, C-reactive protein ( r s = −0.670, P = 0.024) and triglycerides ( r = −0.667, P = 0.025) were associated with in idual changes in LM. This study shows preliminary efficacy for an exercise and nutrition weight loss intervention to reduce FM, maintain LM, and improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in ADT-treated obese PCa patients. The change in body composition may affect blood biomarkers associated with obesity and PCa progression however, further research is required.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-08-2018
Abstract: In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. Despite the availability of a plethora of assessments, the dependence on subjective forms of identification remain commonplace in most sporting codes. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and propose additional markers for the identification of motor skill acquisition and learning. While displaying some inconsistencies, both the ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms appear to be more prevalent in strength and endurance sporting teams, and have been found to correlate to physical assessments. More recently, a number of polymorphisms reportedly correlating to athlete performance have gained attention, however inconsistent research design and varying sports make it difficult to ascertain the relevance to the wider sporting population. In elucidating the role of genetic markers in athleticism, existing talent identification protocols may significantly improve—and ultimately enable—targeted resourcing in junior talent pathways.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-06893-Y
Abstract: Exercise can help cancer survivors manage sequela, treatment side effects, improve overall quality of life, and is recommended for most. The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise behavior and factors influencing exercise engagement among cancer survivors at the National Cancer Centre, Singapore (NCCS). This cross-sectional study was inclusive of survivors of all cancer types and stages who were at least 21 years of age and had undergone chemotherapy at the NCCS. Surveys were utilized to assess survivor barriers and facilitators to exercise and to retrospectively assess physical activity and exercise behaviors at 4 cancer-related time periods (pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis before, during, or after chemotherapy). A total of 102 cancer survivors were enrolled 60% were diagnosed with stage IV cancer. Predominant cancer types included lower gastrointestinal tract (25.5%) and breast cancer (21.6%). Prior to cancer diagnosis, 90.2% of participants reported aerobic activity satisfying NCCN guidelines. Significant reductions in reported exercise, and physical activity, were observed following cancer diagnosis that persisted during chemotherapy. Key exercise facilitators included the desire to remain healthy (86.3%) and to improve sleep and mental well-being (73.5%). Key barriers included side effects of treatment (52.0%). Only 46.1% of survivors reported receiving exercise guidance from healthcare professionals following diagnosis. Overall, even among this notably active cohort of Singaporean survivors, opportunities for increased exercise engagement throughout the survivorship continuum remain. Increased education regarding the benefits of exercise to survivors as well as guidance regarding exercise modalities including resistance training is greatly needed as well.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5729
Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of implementing an integrated multicomponent survivorship care model for men affected by prostate cancer. Using a single arm prospective cohort study design, men with prostate cancer were recruited from two regional public hospitals in Australia for a 6‐months program that provided information and decision support, exercise and nutrition management, specialised clinical support, and practical support through localised and central care coordination. Carers of the men were also invited to the program. Data were collected from multiple sources to evaluate: (1) recruitment capability and participant characteristics (2) appropriateness and feasibility of delivering the specific intervention components using an electronic care management tool and (3) suitability of data collection procedures and proposed outcome measures. Of the 105 eligible men, 51 (consent rate 49%) participated in the program. Of the 31 carers nominated by the men, 13 consented (consent rate 42%). All carers and 50 (98%) men completed the program. Most (92%) men were newly diagnosed with localised prostate cancer. All men attended initial screening and assessment for supportive care needs a total of 838 episodes of contact/consultation were made by the intervention team either in person (9%) or remotely (91%). The intervention was implemented as proposed with no adverse events. The proposed outcome measures and evaluation procedures were found to be appropriate. Our results support the feasibility of implementing this integrated multicomponent care model for men affected by prostate cancer.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14122403
Abstract: Non-pharmacological self-management interventions for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotherapy (CIPN) are of clinical interest however, no systematic review has synthesized the evidence for their use in people with advanced cancer. Five databases were searched from inception to February 2022 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of non-pharmacological self-management interventions in people with advanced cancer on the incidence and severity of CIPN symptoms and related outcomes compared to any control condition. Data were pooled with meta-analysis. Quality of evidence was appraised using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2), with data synthesized narratively. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was applied to assess the certainty of the evidence. Thirteen studies were included, which had a high (69%) or unclear (31%) risk of bias. Greatest confidence was found for physical exercise decreasing CIPN severity (SMD: −0.89, 95% CI: −1.37 to −0.41 p = 0.0003 I2 = 0% n = 2 studies, n = 76 participants GRADE level: moderate) and increasing physical function (SMD: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.02 to 1.00 p = 0.04 I2 = 42% n = 3 studies, n = 120 GRADE level: moderate). One study per intervention provided preliminary evidence for the positive effects of glutamine supplementation, an Omega-3 PUFA-enriched drink, and education for symptom self-management via a mobile phone game on CIPN symptoms and related outcomes (GRADE: very low). No serious adverse events were reported. The strongest evidence with the most certainty was found for physical exercise as a safe and viable adjuvant to chemotherapy treatment for the prevention and management of CIPN and related physical function in people with advanced cancer. However, the confidence in the evidence to inform conclusions was mostly very low to moderate. Future well-powered and appropriately designed interventions for clinical trials using validated outcome measures and clearly defined populations and strategies are warranted.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-07342-6
Abstract: Evidence supports the role of prescribed exercise for cancer survivors, yet few are advised to exercise by a healthcare practitioner (HCP). We sought to investigate the gap between HCPs’ knowledge and practice from an international perspective. An online questionnaire was administered to HCPs working in cancer care between February 2020 and February 2021. The questionnaire assessed knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding exercise counselling and referral of cancer survivors to exercise programs. The questionnaire was completed by 375 participants classified as medical practitioners (42%), nurses (28%), exercise specialists (14%), and non-exercise allied health practitioners (16%). Between 35 and 50% of participants self-reported poor knowledge of when, how, and which cancer survivors to refer to exercise programs or professionals, and how to counsel based on exercise guidelines. Commonly reported barriers to exercise counselling were safety concerns, time constraints, cancer survivors being told to rest by friends and family, and not knowing how to screen people for suitability to exercise (40–48%). Multivariable logistic regression models including age, gender, practitioner group, leisure-time physical activity, and recall of guidelines found significant effects for providing specific exercise advice ( χ 2 (7) = 117.31, p .001), discussing the role of exercise in symptom management ( χ 2 (7) = 65.13, p .001) and cancer outcomes (χ 2 (7) = 58.69, p .001), and referring cancer survivors to an exercise program or specialist ( χ 2 (7) = 72.76, p .001). Additional education and practical support are needed to equip HCPs to provide cancer survivors with exercise guidelines, resources, and referrals to exercise specialists.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11764-023-01348-7
Abstract: Managing cancer-related fatigue requires in iduals to adopt a range of self-management behaviours. However, clinicians report the lack of clear guidance on self-management support practices hinders their provision of supportive care. To develop consensus on a framework of core practices required by health professionals to deliver effective self-management support to cancer patients and survivors experiencing cancer-related fatigue. A preliminary framework of 47 practice items (14 Key Practices, 33 Practice Components) was derived from a systematic review, and a self-management support capability outline for primary care professionals. This preliminary framework was presented for consensus rating and comment in a two-round modified Delphi study conducted with a panel of health professionals, research academics, and cancer consumers. Fifty-two panel participants comprising consumers ( n = 25), health professionals ( n = 19), and researchers ( n = 16) were included in Round 1 of the modified Delphi study. Feedback from the panel produced consensus on retaining 27 of 47 original practice items without change. Seventeen items (including 12 modified, and 5 newly created practice items) were sent to the panel for rating in Round 2. Thirty-six experts produced consensus on retaining all 17 practice items in Round 2. The final framework comprised 44 items (13 Key Practices, 31 Practice Components). The practice framework offers an evidence- and consensus-based model of best practice for health professionals providing self-management support for cancer-related fatigue. This framework is the first to focus on quality provision of self-management support in managing cancer-related fatigue, one of the most prevalent symptoms experienced by cancer patients and survivors.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.UROLONC.2019.10.006
Abstract: Survivorship care for patients with prostate cancer requires careful consideration of unique disease-specific factors, including the prolonged natural disease history, the potential for competing health risks, and the consequences of long-term androgen deprivation therapy. However, current prostate cancer survivorship research is unfortunately limited by the lack of a robust supportive evidence base, variability in the definitions and measurement of survivorship outcomes, and a heavy reliance on expert opinion. As a result, the conduct of quality prostate cancer survivorship research is of increasing importance for patients, medical providers, and other key stakeholders. This manuscript harmonizes a path forward for improving prostate cancer survivorship by defining prostate cancer survivorship and survivorship research, as well as by highlighting key research priorities and cooperative mechanisms for survivorship studies within prostate cancer, with a particular focus on men with advanced disease.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002841
Abstract: Hart, NH, Newton, RU, Weber, J, Spiteri, T, Rantalainen, T, Dobbin, M, Chivers, P, and Nimphius, S. Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in elite Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 791–799, 2020—Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players ( n = 54 age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support leg was significantly stronger than the kicking leg (bone strength: p ≤ 0.001 d = 0.47) with significantly greater bone mass ( p 0.001 d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas ( p ≤ 0.002 d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness ( p = 0.017 d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition ( p ≤ 0.001 d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion ( p = 0.019 d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density ( p = 0.002 d = −0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize bone cross-sectional area.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2021.103543
Abstract: Overweight and obese men with prostate cancer are at an increased risk of disease recurrence, exacerbated treatment-related adverse effects, development of obesity-related comorbidities, earlier progression and development of metastatic disease, and higher all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality. The physiological mechanisms associating obesity with poor prostate cancer outcomes remain largely unknown however, an increased inflammatory environment and metabolic irregularities associated with excess fat mass are commonly postulated. Although research is limited, fat loss strategies using exercise and nutrition programmes may slow down prostate cancer progression and improve a patient's prognosis. This review is an overview of: 1) the association between obesity and poor prostate cancer prognosis 2) potential physiological mechanisms linking obesity and prostate cancer progression 3) the effect of obesity on treatments for prostate cancer and 4) the potential for weight loss strategies to improve outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-01-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003499
Abstract: Dolci, F, Kilding, AE, Chivers, P, Piggott, B, and Hart, NH. High-intensity interval training shock microcycle for enhancing sport performance: A brief review. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1188–1196, 2020—High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a powerful strategy to develop athletes' fitness and enhance endurance performance. Traditional HIIT interventions involve multiple microcycles (7–10 days long) of 2–3 HIIT sessions each, which have been commonly supported to improve athletic performance after a minimum period of 6 weeks training. Regardless of the efficacy of such an approach, in recent years, a higher frequency of HIIT sessions within a unique microcycle, commonly referred to as an HIIT shock microcycle, has been proposed as an alternative HIIT periodization strategy to induce greater and more efficient endurance adaptation in athletes. This review article provides an insight into this new HIIT periodization strategy by discussing (1) HIIT shock microcycle format and design (2) the sustainability of this training strategy (3) effects on performance and physiological parameters of endurance and (4) potential mechanisms for improvements. Evidence advocates the sustainability and effectiveness of HIIT shock microcycle in different athletes to improve intermittent and continuous running/cycling performance and suggests mitochondria biogenesis as the main acute physiological adaptation following this intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-022-00504-X
Abstract: Altering the systemic milieu through exercise has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying exercise-driven tumour suppression. It is not yet known whether men with advanced prostate cancer can elicit such adaptations following a program of exercise. The purpose is to examine myokine levels of serum acquired from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients recruited to the INTERVAL-GAP4 trial before and after 6 months of exercise and its tumour-suppressive effect. Twenty-five men with mCRPC (age = 74.7 ± 7.1 yrs) were randomised to supervised multimodal (aerobic and resistance) exercise (EX) or self-directed exercise control group (CON). Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and fasting blood in a rested state was collected at baseline and at 6 months. Serum levels of myokines (SPARC, OSM, decorin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3) were measured. Serum was applied to the prostate cancer cell line DU145, and growth was assessed for 72 h. No significant change in body composition was observed. Adjusted serum OSM ( P = 0.050) and relative OSM ( P = 0.083), serum SPARC ( P = 0.022) and relative SPARC ( P = 0.025) increased in EX compared to CON. The area under curve (AUC) over 72 h showed a significant reduction in DU145 growth after applying post-intervention serum from the EX vs CON ( P = 0.029). Elevated myokine expressions and greater tumour-suppressive effects of serum after 6 months of periodised and autoregulated supervised exercise was observed in men with mCRPC. Exercise-induced systemic changes may slow disease progression in men with advanced prostate cancer.
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 20-06-2023
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.22.02212
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-022-00522-Y
Abstract: Australian Football is a dynamic team sport that requires many athletic traits to succeed. Due to this combination of traits, as well as technical skill and physicality, there are many types of injuries that could occur. Injuries are not only a hindrance to the in idual player, but to the team as a whole. Many strength and conditioning personnel strive to minimise injuries to players to accomplish team success. To investigate whether selected polymorphisms have an association with injury occurrence in elite male Australian Football players. Using DNA obtained from 46 elite male players, we investigated the associations of injury-related polymorphisms across multiple genes ( ACTN3, CCL2, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, EMILIN1, IGF2, NOGGIN, SMAD6 ) with injury incidence, severity, type (contact and non-contact), and tissue (muscle, bone, tendon, ligament) over 7 years in one Australian Football League team. A significant association was observed between the rs1372857 variant in NOGGIN ( p = 0.023) and the number of total muscle injuries, with carriers of the GG genotype having a higher estimated number of injuries, and moderate, or combined moderate and high severity rated total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 rs12722TT genotype also had a significant association ( p = 0.028) with the number of total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 variant also had a significant association with contact bone injuries ( p = 0.030), with a significant association being found with moderate rated injuries. The IGF2 rs3213221-CC variant was significantly associated with a higher estimated number of contact tendon injuries per game ( p = 0.028), while a higher estimated number of total ligament ( p = 0.019) and non-contact ligament ( p = 0.002 ) injuries per game were significantly associated with carriage of the COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotype. Our preliminary study is the first to examine associations between genetic variants and injury in Australian Football. NOGGIN rs1372857-GG, COL5A1 rs12722-TT, IGF2 rs3213221-CC, and COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotypes held various associations with muscle-, bone-, tendon- and ligament-related injuries of differing severities. To further increase our understanding of these, and other, genetic variant associations with injury, competition-wide AFL studies that use more players and a larger array of gene candidates is essential.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-09-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1002/ASI.21433
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 23-10-2008
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS135
Abstract: Spelling is an important literacy skill, crucial to successful searching in Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs). Students at the University of Alberta, were given 4 search tasks. They were given a topic and asked to find as many items on that topic in the OPAC as possible. They were allowed ... L’orthographe est une compétence d’alphabétisation importante, de même qu’un facteur essentiel de succès de la recherche dans les catalogues interrogeables en ligne (CIELs). Les étudiants de l’Université de l’Alberta ont reçu 4 tâches de recherche. Pour chaque tâche, ces derniers devaient retrouver un maximum de notices traitant de ce sujet dans le CIEL. Les étudiants pouvaient…
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11657-022-01100-1
Abstract: Ground impacts during physical activity may be important for peak bone mass. We found differences in how energy expenditure and impact scores estimated from a physical activity questionnaire related to bone health in young adults. Using both estimate types can improve our understanding of the skeletal benefits of physical activity. It is unclear whether mechanical loading during physical activity, estimated from physical activity questionnaires which assess metabolic equivalents of task (METs), is associated with skeletal health. This longitudinal study investigated how physical activity loading scores, assessed at ages 17 and 20 years, (a) compares with physical activity measured in METs, and (b) is associated with bone mass at age 20 years. A total of 826 participants from the Raine Study Gen2 were assessed for physical activity energy expenditure via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at age 17 and 20 years. Loading scores (the product of peak force and application rate) per week were subsequently estimated from the IPAQ. Whole-body and appendicular bone mineral density (BMD) at age 20 years were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bland–Altman minimal detectable difference for physical activity Z- scores at age 17 and 20 years were 1.59 standard deviations (SDs) and 1.33 SDs, respectively, greater than the a priori minimal clinically important change of 0.5 SDs. Loading score, but not IPAQ score, had significant positive associations with whole-body and leg BMD after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.008 and 0.012 g/cm 2 , respectively, for age 17 and 20 years loading scores). IPAQ score at age 20 years, but not loading score, had a significant positive association with arm BMD (β = 0.007 g/cm 2 ). This study revealed disagreement in associations of self-reported METs and loading score estimates with bone health in young adults. Coupling traditional energy expenditure questionnaire outcomes with bone-loading estimates may improve understanding of the location-specific skeletal benefits of physical activity in young adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13102-021-00362-5
Abstract: During Australian football (AF) matches, players are subjected to high running loads, which are intermittent in nature. There is a growing body of research that highlights factors which can both positively and negatively affect this match running performance (e.g., the total distance travelled by a player during match-play). In order to appropriately evaluate these factors, a thorough search of MEDLINE, SportDiscus and Web of Science databases was performed, with a total of 17 manuscripts included within the final evaluation. The main findings from this review highlighted that match running performance is increased amongst those playing in midfield and half back/forward positions, in players with lower playing experience, as well as in matches against higher quality opponents, and in losing quarters. Additionally, a well-design interchange-rotation strategy may be able to positively affect match running performance. A decrease in match running performance was evident amongst more experienced players, during periods of acute fatigue (e.g., following periods of high intensity activity), during matches played in higher temperatures and matches with an increased number of stoppages. However, no effect of ground hardness or size, as well as responses to self-reported wellness questionnaires was found. Other factors such as finals series matches, pre-season training load and elements related to the schedule have been shown to have substantial conflicting results within the literature, increasing the difficulty in making generalisable conclusions to their effect on match running performance. Developing a thorough understanding of these factors which affect match running performance can aid practitioners and coaches to gain a greater understanding of a player’s performance as well as inform the development of strategies for its improvement.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2021-001289
Abstract: Report the injury epidemiology of law enforcement and firefighter recruits. A systematic epidemiological review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was completed. Five online databases were searched from database inception to 5 May 2021. Prospective and retrospective studies that reported data on musculoskeletal injuries sustained by law enforcement or firefighter recruits were included. We reported on all components of injury where data were available. All injury incidence rates were calculated as per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI) to allow comparisons between studies. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies. No studies reporting firefighter recruits were identified. Eight published studies that reported on injuries to law enforcement recruits were identified. The studies were all low quality, and the credibility of the evidence was assessed as very low. Seven studies reported medical attention injuries, and one study reported the number of medical withdrawals from a recruit training programme. The prevalence of law enforcement recruits with medical attention injuries ranged from 13.7% to 24.5%. The overall medical attention injury incidence rate for law enforcement recruits ranged from 1.67 injuries per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI 1.00 to 2.34 injuries per 1000 training days) to 4.24 injuries per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI 2.97 to 5.51 injuries per 1000 training days). This review reported the prevalence and incidence rates for musculoskeletal injuries in law enforcement officers. However, the credibility of the evidence is very low. CRD42021251084.
Publisher: University of Illinois Libraries
Date: 21-01-2016
Abstract: This paper reports on the findings of a study that explores the ways in which civil society organizations use new media to engage in c aigns of political action. Focusing on c aigning by the environmental movement in Tasmania around the protection of native forest, the study investigates how stakeholders on this issue utilize the functionality of digital media to mobilize public engagement and, ultimately, influence the formulation of policy. Analysis of the study’s network data suggests that central positioning within social movement online network structures arises from strategic linking practices. These strategic communications practices enhance not only movement cohesion but also the visibility of those actors best placed to influence public debate and the formulation of policy.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2022.103728
Abstract: Examining and addressing unmet care needs is integral to improving the provision and quality of cancer services. This review explored the prevalence of unmet supportive care needs, and factors associated with unmet need, in adults with advanced cancers (solid and hematological malignancies) and their caregivers. Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE) were searched, producing 85 papers representing 81 included studies. People with advanced cancer reported the highest unmet needs in financial, health system and information, psychological, and physical and daily living domains, whereas caregivers reported the highest unmet needs in psychological, and patient care and support domains. Distress, depression, and anxiety were associated with higher unmet needs across all unmet need domains for people with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Substantial heterogeneity in study populations and methods was observed. Findings from this review can inform targeted strategies and interventions to address these unmet needs in people with advanced cancer.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2014
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical and perceptual-cognitive variables between sexes during an offensive and defensive agility protocol. Twelve male and female (n = 24) recreational team sport athletes participated in this study, each performing 12 offensive and defensive agility trials (6 left, 6 right) changing direction in response to movements of a human stimulus. Three-dimensional motion, ground reaction force (GRF), and impulse data were recorded across plant phase for dominant leg change of direction (COD) movements, while timing gates and high-speed video captured decision time, total running time, and post COD stride velocity. Subjects also performed a unilateral isometric squat to determine lower body strength and limb dominance. Group (sex) by condition (2 × 2) MANOVAs with follow-up ANOVAs were conducted to examine differences between groups ( P ≤ .05). Male athletes demonstrated significantly greater lower body strength, vertical braking force and impulse application, knee and spine flexion, and hip abduction, as well as faster decision time and post COD stride velocity during both agility conditions compared with females. Differences between offensive and defensive movements appear to be attributed to differences in decision time between sexes. This study demonstrates that biomechanical and perceptual-cognitive differences exist between sexes and within offensive and defensive agility movements.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1086/648461
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-08-2022
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003019
Abstract: Evidence regarding the role of exercise in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is limited and is derived exclusively under tightly controlled research conditions. This study aimed to quantify adherence, adverse events, and changes in physical and psychological outcomes in any patients with PanCa referred to undertake exercise during nonsurgical treatment. The study involved 22 patients with localized or metastatic PanCa undertaking a clinic-based exercise program during chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The program included supervised aerobic and resistance exercise undertaken twice weekly for 12 wk and a 12-wk follow-up with supervised exercise optional dependent on patient preference and condition. Patients were monitored for adherence and adverse events. Objective and patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 wk, and 24 wk. A total of 251 sessions were attended by 19 patients over the first 12 wk (attendance rate, 55%). Complete case analyses indicated significant ( P 0.05) improvements in functional ability (5.2%–17.2%), muscle strength (16.9%–25.1%), and static balance (6.8%). There were no significant changes in body composition or patient-reported outcomes except for sleep quality, which deteriorated however, at an in idual level, several patients had clinically relevant improvements in cancer-related fatigue and quality of life. Patients who continued with supervised exercise to week 24 largely preserved improvements in functional ability, muscle strength, and static balance. No serious adverse events resulted from the exercise program. In idualized, supervised aerobic and resistance exercise in a clinic-based setting appears to be safe and may improve or maintain physical and psychological health in patients with PanCa undergoing nonsurgical treatment.
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 14-10-2013
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS13
Abstract: This paper first examines the rising popularity of 'lifelong learning', its effect on government and university initiatives, and the implications of these initiatives for mature students' academic information behaviours. The paper then presents the findings of one part of a two-phase study, which involved both the manipulation of Canadian Census data and a series of in-depth, qualitative interviews with mature students. In examining the results of the first phase of the study, this paper reports: 1) the national demographic portrait of mature students that is captured by the Census 2) the limitations of the Census questionnaire for tracking demographic data for mature students 3) the results from a series of logistic regression tests which used the Census data to explore the social stereotypes of the 'mature student' 4) a discursive critique of Census-based Statistics Canada documents with implications for the promotion of 'lifelong learning' and 5) the implications of the marginalization of mature students' experiences in Statistics Canada documents on these students' academic information behaviours.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000001197
Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) survivors experience many disease and treatment adverse effects. However, the impact of OC and its treatment on objective activity behaviors and physiological status have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to compare objectively measured activity behaviors and physiological characteristics of advanced-stage OC survivors to age-matched controls. Twenty stage III–IV OC survivors and 20 controls completed assessments of activity behaviors (7-day accelerometry), physical function (400-meter walk as indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, repeated chair rise, 6-meter walking tests), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum and handgrip), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and musculoskeletal morphology (peripheral quantitative computed tomography). Compared with controls, OC survivors spent more time/day in prolonged sedentary bouts ( P = 0.039, r = 0.32), had lower cardiorespiratory fitness ( P = 0.041, r = 0.33) and upper body strength ( P = 0.023, r = 0.37), had higher areal bone mineral content ( P = 0.047, r = 0.33) and volumetric trabecular density ( P = 0.048, r = 0.31), but were not different in other measures of body composition nor in muscle morphology ( P 0.050). Only 20% (n = 4) of OC survivors accrued 150 minutes/week or greater moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time in 10-minute bouts or greater. Moderate and vigorous physical activity time/day in 10-minute bouts or greater was strongly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness ( P = 0.001, ρ = −0.702) and lower extremity function ( P = 0.019, ρ = −0.519) and moderately associated with muscle cross-sectional area ( P = 0.035, ρ = 0.473). Posttreatment OC survivors spent more time in prolonged sedentary bouts and had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body strength compared with controls. Moderate and vigorous physical activity was associated with physical function and muscle cross-sectional area. Future studies should test the efficacy of exercise interventions to increase MVPA, reduce sedentary behavior, and increase cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in OC survivors.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-07-2021
Abstract: Supervised exercise and nutrition programs can mitigate or reverse androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induced fat mass (FM) gain, lean mass (LM) loss, and impaired physical function. It is unclear whether these benefits are retained following transition to self-management. This study examined the effect of a home-based weight maintenance program on body composition and physical function in obese men with prostate cancer (PCa) on ADT following a 12-week supervised weight loss intervention. Eleven obese PCa patients (74 ± 5 years, 40.0 ± 4.9% body fat) on ADT ( months) completed a 12-week self-managed home-based weight maintenance program consisting of 150 min/week of aerobic and resistance training while maintaining a healthy balanced diet. Body composition (DXA), muscle strength (1RM), and cardiorespiratory fitness (400 m walk) were assessed. Significant reductions in weight (−2.8 ± 3.2 kg) and FM (−2.8 ± 2.6 kg), preservation of LM (−0.05 ± 1.6 kg), and improvements in muscle strength and VO2max were achieved across the supervised intervention. Across the home-based program, no significant changes were observed in weight (−0.6 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.508), FM (0.2 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.619), LM (−0.8 ± 1.6 kg, p = 0.146), muscle strength (−0.2 to 4.1%, p = 0.086–0.745), or estimated VO2max (0.3 ± 2.1 mL/min/kg, p = 0.649). Self-managed, home-based exercise and nutrition programs are a viable strategy to promote maintenance of body composition and physical function following a supervised intervention in obese PCa patients on ADT.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOCD.2019.11.001
Abstract: Inter-/intramuscular fat can be assessed with peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) and is of interest as an indicator of "muscle quality." Typical pQCT scan sites (forearm, lower leg) have a low amount of inter-/intramuscular fat, however distal diaphyseal femur scan sites with conspicuous inter-/intramuscular fat have been identified as potentially more prudent scan sites, even in healthy adolescents. However, current state of the art analysis methods require labor-intensive manual segmentation of the scan. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of a novel open source automated enclosing convex polygon approach (source code jrantal QCT, commit cec9bce) to quantify inter-/intramuscular fat from femoral pQCT scans in healthy adults. The distal diaphyseal femur (25% of tibial length from the knee joint towards the hip) of 27 adults aged 18-50 yr were scanned twice, 1 wk apart, using pQCT. Subcutaneous fat, muscle, inter-/intramuscular fat, and marrow areas, and corresponding densities were evaluated using a method we have reported previously, as well as the novel enclosing convex polygon method. The session-to-session reliability of the assessments was fair to excellent using the previously reported method as indicated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC Distal diaphyseal femur appears to be a potentially informative and prudent scan site for inter-/intramuscular fat evaluation with pQCT.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2018.07.010
Abstract: Australian adolescents with low motor competence (LMC) have higher fracture rates and poorer bone health compared to European normative data, but currently no normative data exists for Australians. To examine whether there were bone health differences in Australian adolescents with LMC or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) when compared to typically developing age-matched Australian adolescents. Australian adolescents aged 12-18 years with LMC/DCD (n = 39 male = 27 female = 12) and an Australian comparison s le (n = 188 boys = 101 girls = 87) undertook radial and tibial peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) scans. Stress Strain Index (SSI (mm The main finding was a significant sex-x-group interaction for Tibial FMBU (p = .021), Radial MuD (p = .036), and radial ScFA (p = .002). Boys with LMC/DCD had lower tibial FMBU scores, radial MuD and higher ScFA than the typically developing age-matched s le. Comparisons of bone measures with Australian comparative data are similar to European findings however sex differences were found in the present study. Australian adolescent boys with LMC/DCD had less robust bones compared to their well-coordinated Australian peers, whereas there were no differences between groups for girls. These differences may be due to lower levels of habitual weight-bearing physical activity, which may be more distinct in adolescent boys with LMC/DCD compared to girls.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-022-00624-4
Abstract: Although skeletal muscle releases cytokines called myokines during exercise, the kinetics of the acute myokine response to exercise (exercise-induced circulatory myokine level alteration) is unknown in patients with advanced prostate cancer. We measured myokine levels in serum obtained from patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) before and after exercise and assessed the growth-suppressive effect of the serum by applying it to a PCa cell line. Nine patients with mCRPC (age = 67.8 ± 10.1 years, time since mCRPC diagnosis 36.2 ± 22.5 months) undertook 34 min of a high-intensity interval exercise session on a cycle ergometer. Blood was collected immediately pre, post and 30 min post. Serum levels of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-15 (IL-15), decorin, irisin, and IGF-1 were determined. Growth of the androgen-independent PCa cell line DU-145 exposed to serum collected at three points was measured. There was a significant elevation of SPARC (19.9%, P = 0.048), OSM (11.5%, P = 0.001), IL-6 (10.2%, P = 0.02) and IL-15 (7.8%, P = 0.023) in serum collected immediately after exercise compared to baseline, returning to baseline after 30 min rest. A significant reduction in DU-145 Cell growth and the Cell Index area under the curve at 72 h incubation was observed with the presence of serum obtained immediately post-exercise (Cell Index at 72 h: 16.9%, P < 0.001 area under the curve: 15.2%, P < 0.001) and with the presence of serum obtained 30 min post-exercise compared to baseline (Cell Index at 72 h: 6.5% area under the curve: 8.8%, P < 0.001). This study provides preliminary evidence for an acute exercise-induced myokine response and tumour growth suppression in serum after a bout of high-intensity interval exercise in patients with advanced PCa.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003064
Abstract: Balloch, AS, Meghji, M, Newton, RU, Hart, NH, Weber, JA, Ahmad, I, and Habibi, D. Assessment of a novel algorithm to determine change-of-direction angles while running using inertial sensors. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 134–144, 2020—The ability to detect and quantify change-of-direction (COD) movement may offer a unique approach to load-monitoring practice. Validity and reliability of a novel algorithm to calculate COD angles for predetermined COD movements ranging from 45 to 180° in left and right directions was assessed. Five recreationally active men (age: 29.0 ± 0.5 years height: 181.0 ± 5.6 cm and body mass: 79.4 ± 5.3 kg) ran 5 consecutive predetermined COD trials each, at 4 different angles (45, 90, 135, and 180°), in each direction. Participants were fitted with a commercially available microtechnology unit where inertial sensor data were extracted and processed using a novel algorithm designed to calculate precise COD angles for direct comparison with a high-speed video (remotely piloted, position-locked aircraft) criterion measure. Validity was assessed using Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement and mean bias. Reliability was assessed using typical error (expressed as a coefficient of variation [CV]). Concurrent validity was present for most angles. Left: (45° = 43.8 ± 2.0° 90° = 88.1 ± 2.0° 135° = 136.3 ± 2.1° and 180° = 181.8 ± 2.5°) and Right: (45° = 46.3 ± 1.6° 90° = 91.9 ± 2.2° 135° = 133.4 ± 2.0° 180° = 179.2 ± 5.9°). All angles displayed excellent reliability (CV 5%) while greater mean bias (3.6 ± 5.1°, p 0.001), weaker limits of agreement, and reduced precision were evident for 180° trials when compared with all other angles. High-level accuracy and reliability when detecting COD angles further advocates the use of inertial sensors to quantify sports-specific movement patterns.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-11-2021
Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Date: 09-2022
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of reduced quarter time due to COVID-19 pandemic rule changes, on running performance and injuries in Australian Football. Microsensor data for eight matches performed by the same 17 players were compared between the 2019 (standard) and 2020 (COVID-19) seasons using linear and generalised mixed models. Injury rates were assessed in 34 players across the full 2019 season, and 32 players across the full 2020 season. The total distance (ES = 1.28 [0.55 to 2.02]), high-speed ( km/h) (ES = 0.44 [-0.24 to 1.12]) and very highspeed ( km/h) (ES = 0.27 [-0.41 to 0.94]) distances, PlayerLoad™ (ES = 0.96 [0.25 to 1.67]), high-intensity efforts (ES = 0.48 [-0.20 to 1.16]), and accelerations (ES = 0.33 [-0.34 to 1.01]) were smaller (p ≤ 0.01) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. Expressed relative to playing time, distance (ES=-0.38 [-1.06 to 0.30]), PlayerLoad™ (ES = -0.27 [-0.94 to 0.41]), and acceleration efforts (ES = -0.50 [-1.18 to 0.18]) were greater (p 0.05) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. No significant differences in maximum ball-in-play periods nor the difference between the 1st and 4th quarters were evident. Injury rates remained similar between 2019 (3.36 per game) and 2020 (3.55 per game). However, the proportion of injuries that led to lost time (missed games) was greater for the 2020 (38%) than 2019 season (24%). The changes in the rules had a profound impact on player performance and increased the likelihood of time loss injuries.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 29-06-2016
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.5170
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Inertial measurement units (IMU) provide a convenient tool for gait stability assessment. However, it is unclear how various gait characteristics relate to each other and whether gait characteristics can be obtained from resultant acceleration. Therefore, step duration variability was measured in treadmill walking from 39 young ambulant volunteers (age 24.2 [± 2.5] y height 1.79 [± 0.09] m mass 71.6 [± 12.0] kg) using motion capture. Accelerations and gyrations were simultaneously recorded with an IMU. Harmonic ratio, maximum Lyapunov exponents, and multiscale s le entropy (MSE) were calculated. Step duration variability was positively associated with MSE with coarseness levels = 3–6 (r = –.33 to –.42, P ≤ .045). Harmonic ratio and MSE with all coarseness levels were negatively associated (r = –.45 to –.57, P ≤ .004). The MSE with coarseness level = 2 was negatively associated with short-term maximum Lyapunov exponents (r = –.32, P = .047). The agreement between resultant and vertical acceleration derived gait characteristics was excellent (ICC = 0.97–0.99). In conclusion, MSE with varying coarseness levels was associated with the other gait characteristics evaluated in the study. Resultant and vertical acceleration derived results had excellent agreement, which suggests that resultant acceleration is a viable alternative to considering the acceleration dimensions independently.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-022-08607-W
Abstract: Despite its therapeutic role during cancer treatment, exercise is not routinely integrated into care and implementation efforts are largely absent from the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate a strategy to integrate the workflow of a co-located exercise clinic into routine care within a private oncology setting in two clinics in the metropolitan region of Western Australia. This prospective evaluation utilised a mixed methods approach to summarise lessons learned during the implementation of an integrated exercise workflow and supporting implementation plan. Data collection was informed by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. Reports detailing utilisation of the exercise service and its referral pathways, as well as patient surveys and meeting minutes documenting the implementation process informed the evaluation. The co-located exercise service achieved integration into routine care within the clinical oncology setting. Patient utilisation was near capacity (reach) and 100% of clinicians referred to the service during the 13-month evaluation period (adoption). Moreover, ongoing adaptations were made to improve the program (implementation) and workflows were integrated into standard operating practices at the clinic (maintenance). The workflow performed as intended for ~70% of exercise participants (effectiveness) however, gaps were identified in utilisation of the workflow by both patients and clinicians. Integration of exercise into standard oncology care is possible, but it requires the ongoing commitment of multiple stakeholders across an organisation. The integrated workflow and supporting implementation plan greatly improved utilisation of the co-located exercise service, demonstrating the importance of targeted implementation planning. However, challenges regarding workflow fidelity within and across sites limited its success highlighting the complexities inherent in integrating exercise into clinical oncology care in a real-world setting.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2012.05.014
Abstract: Legislation to expand the scope of practice for pharmacists to include authority to independently prescribe medications in Alberta, Canada was announced in 2006 and enacted in April 2007. To date, very little research has explored public views of pharmacist prescribing. This study analyzes newspaper media coverage of pharmacist prescribing 1 year before and 2 years after prescribing was implemented. News items related to pharmacist prescribing were retrieved from 2 national, Canadian newspapers and 5 local newspapers in Alberta over a 3-year period after the announcement of pharmacist prescribing. A purposive s le of 66 texts including news items, editorials, and letters were retrieved electronically from 2 databases, Newscan and Canadian Newsstand. This study uses social positioning theory as a lens for analyzing the discourse of pharmacist prescribing. The results demonstrate a binary positioning of the debate on pharmacist prescribing rights. Using social positioning theory as a lens for analysis, the results illustrate self- and other-positioning of pharmacists' expected roles as prescribers. Themes related to the discourse on pharmacist prescribing include qualifications, diagnosis, patient safety, physician support, and conflict of interest. Media representations of pharmacist prescribing point to polarized views that may serve to shape public, pharmacist, physician, and others' opinions of the issue. Multiple and contradictory views of pharmacist prescribing coexist. Pharmacists and pharmacy organizations are challenged to bring clarity and consistency about pharmacist prescribing to better serve the public interest in understanding options for health care services.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2022
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1200/OP.20.00210
Abstract: The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health emergency. To date, physical distancing and good personal hygiene have been the only effective measures to limit spread. The pandemic has altered routine cancer care, including allied health and supportive care interventions. Clinicians must adapt and find ways to continue to deliver optimal patient care at this time. The prescription of exercise to people with cancer has been demonstrated to have meaningful benefits for both physical and mental health and quality of life, and may even enhance survival. Such exercise interventions provide the largest benefit to patients when delivered in a supervised, group, clinic-based setting. In the age of COVID-19, group-based exercise in communal facilities presents risks for both aerosol and surface transmission of the virus among people exercising, necessitating a pivot from the usual methods of exercise delivery to home-based exercise programs. In this article, we discuss the challenges that need to be overcome in moving to a home-based program for patients with cancer while maintaining the benefits of targeted and high-fidelity exercise medicine. We provide practical recommendations for how home-based exercise can be supported and nurtured by qualified exercise professionals who treat people living with cancer, as well as pointing to resources that are available online to assist practitioners. Despite the challenges faced during this pandemic, we believe that it is important for people to continue to benefit from exercise in a safe environment with the support of exercise specialists.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2013
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 21-06-2016
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS872
Abstract: This research paper explores how ‘social knowledge’, as an emergent category of organizational knowledge, flows through non-profit organizations (NPOs). Examining findings from qualitative interviews with 16 in idual from Canadian NPOs on their use of social media for Knowledge Management (KM), the paper builds on KM theories and epistemologies to propose a model for the assimilation, dissemination and creation of ‘social knowledge’ in NPOs.Ce rapport de recherche examine comment la «connaissance sociale», en tant que catégorie émergente de la connaissance organisationnelle, circule dans les organisations sans but lucratif (OSBL). Nous avons examiné les résultats d’entretiens qualitatifs avec seize personnes provenant d'OSBL canadiennes sur leur utilisation des médias sociaux aux fins de la gestion des connaissances. Notre rapport s'appuie sur les théories et l’épistémologie de la gestion des connaissances pour proposer un modèle de l'assimilation, de la diffusion et de la création de «connaissance sociale» dans les OSBL.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2021
Abstract: Purpose : To evaluate the reliability of new change-of-direction-economy tests (assessing energetic efficiency when performing continuous shuttle runs) compared with common running-economy tests in soccer players Methods : Sixteen subelite, male soccer players were recruited to perform a testing battery involving running economy (RE), 10-m shuttle-running economy (SRE 10 ), and 20-m shuttle-running economy (SRE 20 ) at 8.4 km·h −1 mean speed on 2 different days within 48 hours. SRE 10 and SRE 20 consisted of continuous shuttle runs interspersed with 180° directional changes. During the RE, SRE 20 , and SRE 10 tests, respiratory exchange ratio and oxygen uptake were collected and used to calculate the movement-economy values over any running condition as oxygen cost and energetic cost. The secondary variables (carbon dioxide production, heart rate, minute ventilation, and blood lactate) were also monitored during all tests. Results : Depending on expression (oxygen cost or energetic cost), reliability was established for RE (CV: 5.5%–5.8% ICC = .77–.88), SRE 10 (CV: 3.5%–3.8% ICC = .78–.96), and SRE 20 (CV: 3.5%–3.8% ICC = .66–.94). All secondary physiological variables reported good reliability (CV 10%), except for blood lactate (CV 35.8). The RE, SRE 10 , and SRE 20 tests show good reliability in soccer players, whereas blood lactate has the highest variability among physiological variables during the economy tests. Conclusion : The assessment of change-of-direction economy through performing 20- and 10-m shuttle runs is reliable and can be applied to evaluate soccer players’ energetic movement efficiency under more soccer-specific running conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2018.11.003
Abstract: Low muscle mass in in iduals with cancer has a profound impact on quality of life and independence and is associated with greater treatment toxicity and poorer prognosis. Exercise interventions are regularly being investigated as a means to ameliorate treatment-related adverse effects, and nutritional/supplementation strategies to augment adaptations to exercise are highly valuable. Creatine (Cr) is a naturally-occurring substance in the human body that plays a critical role in energy provision during muscle contraction. Given the beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on lean body mass, strength, and physical function in a variety of clinical populations, there is therapeutic potential in in iduals with cancer at heightened risk for muscle loss. Here, we provide an overview of Cr physiology, summarize the evidence on the use of Cr supplementation in various aging/clinical populations, explore mechanisms of action, and provide perspectives on the potential therapeutic role of Cr in the exercise oncology setting.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-07152-W
Abstract: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of erse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-07419-2
Abstract: To systematically review and examine current evidence for the carer-reported benefits of supportive care strategies for carers of adults with high-grade glioma (HGG). Four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO) were searched for articles published between January 2005 and April 2022 that assessed strategies for addressing the supportive care needs of carers of adults with HGG (WHO grade 3–4). Study selection and critical appraisal were conducted independently by three authors (DJ/MC, 2021 DJ/RJ 2022). Data extraction was conducted by one author (DJ) and checked by a second author (RJ). Results were synthesised narratively. Twenty-one studies involving 1377 caregivers were included, targeting the carer directly ( n = 10), the patient-carer dyad ( n = 3), or focused on people with HGG + / − their carers ( n = 8). A paucity of high-quality evidence exists for effective and comprehensive support directly addressing outcomes for carers of adults with HGG. Strategies that demonstrated some benefits included those that built carer knowledge or provided emotional support, delivered by health professionals or through peer support. Supportive and early palliative care programmes have potential to reduce unmet carer needs while providing ongoing carer support. Strategies incorporating an educational component, emotional support, and a regular needs assessment with corresponding tailored support are most valued by carers. Future practice development research should adopt a value-based approach and exceed evaluation of efficacy outcomes to incorporate evaluation of the experience of patients, carers, and staff, as well as costs.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-10-2018
Abstract: Soccer is an intermittent team-sport, where performance is determined by a myriad of psychological, technical, tactical, and physical factors. Among the physical factors, endurance appears to play a key role into counteracting the fatigue-related reduction in running performance observed during soccer matches. One physiological determinant of endurance is movement economy, which represents the aerobic energy cost to exercise at a given submaximal velocity. While the role of movement economy has been extensively examined in endurance athletes, it has received little attention in soccer players, but may be an important factor, given the prolonged demands of match play. For this reason, the current review discusses the nature, impact, and trainability of movement economy specific to soccer players. A summary of current knowledge and limitations of movement economy in soccer is provided, with an insight into future research directions, to make this important parameter more valuable when assessing and training soccer players’ running performance.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14132642
Abstract: Cancer-associated malnutrition, or cachexia, stemming from cancer or its treatments, is particularly prevalent in metastatic cancers, and is often interrelated with sarcopenia and frailty. Evidence suggests that dietary supplements play a role in managing these conditions. As metastatic cancer cells are associated with notable genomic and phenotypic alterations, response to dietary supplements may differ between metastatic and non-metastatic cancers. However, research in this area is lacking. This scoping review aims to identify the dietary supplements that have been studied in patients with metastatic cancers and malnutrition-related conditions, along with their proposed effects, mechanisms, outcome measures, and tools used. A systematic search was conducted across databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and clinical trial registries. Of the initial 6535 records screened, a total of 48 studies were included, covering a range of dietary supplements—vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, fiber, and others. While the types of dietary supplements included varied across cancer types, omega-3 and carnitine were investigated most often. Proposed relevant attributes of dietary supplements included their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Overall, there was a paucity of interventional studies, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 02-09-2014
Abstract: – This paper aims first to identify key interorganisational partnership types among non-profit organisations (NPOs) and second to determine how knowledge sharing takes place within each type of partnership. Results explore the value of social media specifically in facilitating external relationships between NPOs, firms and the communities they serve. – Empirical qualitative analysis of exploratory interviews with 16 Canadian NPOs generates a non-exhaustive classification of partnership types emerging from these organisations, and their defining characteristics in the context of interorganisational knowledge sharing. – Overall eight categories of partnerships from the s led NPOs emerged from the analysis of the data. These include business partnerships, sector partnerships, community partnerships, government partnerships, expert partnerships, endorsement partnerships, charter partnerships and hybrid partnerships. Using ex les from interviews, the sharing of knowledge within each of these partnerships is defined uniquely in terms of directionality (i.e. uni-directional, bi-directional, multi-directional knowledge sharing) and formality (i.e. informal, semi-formal or formal knowledge sharing).Specific practices within these relationships also arise from ex les, in particular, the use of social media to support informal and community-driven collaborations. Twitter, as a popular social networking tool, emerges as a preferred medium that supports interorganisational partnerships relevant to NPOs. – This research is valuable in identifying the knowledge management practices unique to NPOs. By examining and discussing specific ex les of partnerships encountered among NPOs, this paper contributes original findings about the implications of interorganisational knowledge sharing, as well as the impact of emerging social technologies on same.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2021
Abstract: Purpose : To investigate the acute effect of repeated-sprint activity (RSA) on change-of-direction economy (assessed using shuttle running economy [SRE]) in soccer players and explore neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory characteristics that may modulate this effect. Methods : Eleven young elite male soccer players (18.5 [1.4] y old) were tested on 2 different days during a 2-week period in their preseason. On day 1, lower-body stiffness, power and force were assessed via countermovement jumps, followed by an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion to measure maximal aerobic capacity. On day 2, 2 SRE tests were performed before and after a repeated-sprint protocol with heart rate, minute ventilation, and blood lactate measured. Results : Pooled group analysis indicated no significant changes for SRE following RSA due to variability in in idual responses, with a potentiation or impairment effect of up to 4.5% evident across soccer players. The SRE responses to RSA were significantly and largely correlated to players’ lower-body stiffness ( r = .670 P = .024), and moderately (but not significantly) correlated to players’ force production ( r = −.455 P = .237) and blood lactate after RSA ( r = .327 P = .326). Conclusions : In summary, SRE response to RSA in elite male soccer players appears to be highly in idual. Higher lower-body stiffness appears as a relevant physical contributor to preserve or improve SRE following RSA.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13063-020-04945-4
Abstract: Survival rates for lymphoma are highest amongst hematological malignancies. In 2019, it was estimated that over 6400 Australians were diagnosed with lymphoma, a group of hematological malignancies with a high 5-year survival rate of ~ 76%. There is an increased focus on the promotion of wellness in survivorship and active approaches to reducing morbidity related to treatment however, current models of follow-up care heavily rely on hospital-based specialist-led care. Maximizing the potential of general practitioners (GPs) in the ongoing management of cancer is consistent with the national health reform principles and the Cancer Council Australia’s Optimal Care Pathways. GPs are well positioned to provide guideline-based follow-up care and are more likely to address comorbidities and psychosocial issues and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. This study aims to test the feasibility of the GOSPEL I intervention for implementing an integrated, shared care model in which cancer center specialists and community-based GPs collaborate to provide survivorship care for patients with lymphoma. We describe a protocol for a phase II, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms and a 1:1 allocation. Sixty patients with Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma will be randomized to usual specialist-led follow-up care (as determined by the treating hematologists) or a shared follow-up care intervention (i.e., GOSPEL I). GOSPEL I is a nurse-enabled, pre-specified shared care pathway with follow-up responsibilities shared between cancer center specialists (i.e., hematologists and specialist cancer nurses) and GPs. Outcome measures assess feasibility as well as a range of patient-reported outcomes including health-related quality of life as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Lymphoma, patient experience of care, symptom distress, comorbidity burden, dietary intake, physical activity behaviors, financial distress/interference, and satisfaction of care. Safety indicators including hospital admission and unscheduled lymphoma clinic visits as well as process outcomes such as intervention fidelity and economic indicators will be analyzed. This trial is designed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a new model of shared care for lymphoma survivors. Patient-reported outcomes as well as potential barriers to implementation will be analyzed to inform a larger definitive clinical trial testing the effects and implementation of a shared care model on health-related quality of life of lymphoma survivors. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000594921 . Registered on 22 May 2020.
Publisher: iSchools
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.9776/14216
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S13102-022-00405-5
Abstract: This study compares ball in play (BiP) analyses and both whole game (WG) and quarter averaged data for physical and technical demands of sub-elite Australian football (AF) players competing in the West Australian Football League across playing positions. Microsensor data were collected from 33 male AF players in one club over 19 games of the 2019 season. BiP time periods and technical performance data (e.g., kicks) were acquired from the Ch ion Data timeline of statistics, and time matched to the microsensor data. Linear mixed modelling was utilised to establish differences between maximum BiP periods and averaged data. The analyses indicated significant differences ( p 0.0001) between maximum BiP and WG data for all metrics and all playing position (half-line, key position, and midfielders). The percentage difference was greatest for very high-speed running (171–178%), accelerations (136–142%), high-intensity efforts (128–139%), and high-speed running (134–147%) compared to PlayerLoad™ (50–56%) and total running distance (56–59%). No significant ( p 0.05) differences were evident for maximum BiP periods when they were compared between playing positions (i.e., half line vs key position vs midfield). Significant ( p 0.0001) differences were also noted between maximum BiP phases and averaged data across all 4 quarters, for each microsensor metric, and all playing positions. Technical actions (e.g., kicks and handballs) were observed in 21–48% of maximum BiP phases, depending on playing positions and microsensor metric assessed, with kicks and handballs constituting 50% of all actions performed. These results show the BiP analysis method provides a more accurate assessment of the physical demands and technical actions performed by AF players, which are underestimated when using averaged data. The data presented in this study may be used to inform the design and monitoring of representative practice, ensuring that athletes are prepared for both the physical and technical demands of the most demanding passages of play.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2021
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1953151
Abstract: Traditional movement economy (ME) measures the energetic cost of in-line running. However, it is debatable whether such a measure is representative of movement efficiency for team sport athletes who are required to run and change direction repeatedly. This study evaluated ME during both in-line running and runs with directional changes and provided a preliminary exploration as to whether these abilities discriminate soccer players according to playing position, level, and sex. Forty-three soccer players were assessed for ME as extrapolated from oxygen uptake during in-line running (RE) and running with changes of directions (using 20 and 10 m shuttle runs [SRE
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2022.104324
Abstract: In iduals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and low motor competence (LMC) may be at increased risk of low bone health due to their lifetime physical activity patterns. Impaired bone health increases an in idual's risk of osteoporosis and fracture therefore, it is necessary to determine whether a bone health detriment is present in this group. Accordingly, this systematic review explores the association between DCD/LMC and bone health. Studies were included with assessment of bone health in a DCD/LMC population. Study bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Due to heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not possible and narrative synthesis was performed with effect size and direction assessed via harvest plots. A total of 16 (15 paediatric/adolescent) studies were included. Deficits in bone measures were reported for the DCD/LMC group and were more frequent in weight-bearing sites. Critical appraisal indicated very low confidence in the results, with issues relating to indirectness and imprecision relating to comorbidities. In iduals with DCD or LMC are at increased risk of bone health deficits. Bone impairment locations indicate insufficient loading via physical activity as a potential cause of bone deficits. Results indicate a potential for earlier osteoporosis onset.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2022
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 21-06-2016
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS867
Abstract: This study examined the theme of collaboration associated with independent pharmacist prescribing in Alberta, Canada by analyzing 59 professional documents using a discourse analysis approach. Our analysis highlights the existence of multiple realities, possibility of utilitarian and emancipatory discourses, tensions between independent and collaborative practices, and the concept of spatiality.Cette étude examine le thème de la collaboration dans le cas de la pratique du pharmacien indépendant en Alberta (Canada), en analysant 59 documents professionnels par l’approche de l'analyse du discours. Notre analyse met en évidence l'existence de réalités multiples, la possibilité de discours utilitaires et de discours d'émancipation, les tensions entre les pratiques in iduelles et collectives, et le concept de spatialité.
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 21-06-2016
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS866
Abstract: This paper presents emerging results of a national online survey of Canadian Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) on their perception and use of social media, and their role for the purpose of Knowledge Management (KM). Based on results from the first 320 respondents spanning across local and provincial boundaries, these findings provide insight into what social media platforms are preferred by these organizations, what tasks they are used for and the tasks for which these tools are considered most effective.Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête nationale effectuée en ligne auprès des organismes canadiens sans but lucratif (OSBL), les interrogeant sur leur compréhension et leur utilisation des médias sociaux, et le rôle de ceux-ci dans la gestion des connaissances. Sur la base des données obtenues auprès des 320 premiers répondants, se situant par-delà les frontières locales et provinciales, ces résultats permettent de comprendre quelles sont les plates-formes de médias sociaux préférées par ces OSBL, pour quelles tâches elles sont utilisées et pour quelles tâches ces outils sont considérés comme les plus efficaces.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2014
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 15-06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12885-021-08583-0
Abstract: To identify subgroups of female breast cancer patients with distinct self-reported employment interference (EI) profiles and determine which demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics, and quality of life outcomes were associated with subgroup membership. Women with breast cancer ( n = 385) were assessed for changes in EI over ten times, from prior to, through 12 months after breast cancer surgery. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct EI profiles. Three distinct EI profiles (i.e., None – 26.2% ( n = 101), Low – 42.6% ( n = 164), High – 31.2% ( n = 120)) were identified. Compared to the None and Low groups, patients in the High group were more likely to be younger. Higher proportions in the High group were non-White, pre-menopausal prior to surgery, had more advanced stage disease, had received an axillary lymph node dissection, had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, had received adjuvant chemotherapy, and had a re-excision or mastectomy on the affected breast within 6 months after surgery. In addition, these patients had lower quality of life scores. Compared to the None group, the High group had higher levels of trait and state anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue and sleep disturbance and lower levels of cognitive function. This study provides new knowledge regarding EI profiles among women in the year following breast cancer surgery. The non-modifiable risk factors (e.g., younger age, being non-White, having more advanced stage disease) can inform current screening procedures. The potentially modifiable risk factors can be used to develop interventions to improve employment outcomes of breast cancer patients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOCD.2017.07.002
Abstract: Most imaging methods, including peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), are susceptible to motion artifacts particularly in fidgety pediatric populations. Methods currently used to address motion artifact include manual screening (visual inspection) and objective assessments of the scans. However, previously reported objective methods either cannot be applied on the reconstructed image or have not been tested for distal bone sites. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate motion artifact classifiers to quantify motion artifact in pQCT scans. Whether textural features could provide adequate motion artifact classification performance in 2 adolescent datasets with pQCT scans from tibial and radial diaphyses and epiphyses was tested. The first dataset was split into training (66% of s le) and validation (33% of s le) datasets. Visual classification was used as the ground truth. Moderate to substantial classification performance (J48 classifier, kappa coefficients from 0.57 to 0.80) was observed in the validation dataset with the novel texture-based classifier. In applying the same classifier to the second cross-sectional dataset, a slight-to-fair (κ = 0.01-0.39) classification performance was observed. Overall, this novel textural analysis-based classifier provided a moderate-to-substantial classification of motion artifact when the classifier was specifically trained for the measurement device and population. Classification based on textural features may be used to prescreen obviously acceptable and unacceptable scans, with a subsequent human-operated visual classification of any remaining scans.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 13-01-2020
DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000533
Abstract: Soccer is a complex and exhaustive team-sport requiring a high level of tactical, technical, and physical ability to succeed. During a competitive match, a random combination of explosive and powerful activities, together with technical and tactical gestures, is performed in an intermittent manner over a 90-minute game. This review presents a detailed analysis and up-to-date synthesis of the literature describing activities and energy system contribution during soccer to provide to strength and conditioning coaches a clear understanding of soccer players' physical needs during competition.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1200/OP.21.00454
Abstract: Exercise has been underutilized in people with advanced or incurable cancer despite the potential to improve physical function and reduce psychosocial morbidity, especially for people with bone metastases because of concerns over skeletal complications. The International Bone Metastases Exercise Working Group (IBMEWG) was formed to develop best practice recommendations for exercise programming for people with bone metastases on the basis of published research, clinical experience, and expert opinion. The IBMEWG undertook sequential steps to inform the recommendations: (1) modified Delphi survey, (2) systematic review, (3) cross-sectional survey to physicians and nurse practitioners, (4) in-person meeting of IBMEWG to review evidence from steps 1-3 to develop draft recommendations, and (5) stakeholder engagement. Recommendations emerged from the contributing evidence and IBMEWG discussion for pre-exercise screening, exercise testing, exercise prescription, and monitoring of exercise response. Identification of in iduals who are potentially at higher risk of exercise-related skeletal complication is a complex interplay of these factors: (1) lesion-related, (2) cancer and cancer treatment–related, and (3) the person-related. Exercise assessment and prescription requires consideration of the location and presentation of bone lesion(s) and should be delivered by qualified exercise professionals with oncology education and exercise prescription experience. Emphasis on postural alignment, controlled movement, and proper technique is essential. Ultimately, the perceived risk of skeletal complications should be weighed against potential health benefits on the basis of consultation between the person, health care team, and exercise professionals. These recommendations provide an initial framework to improve the integration of exercise programming into clinical care for people with bone metastases.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1086/668678
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 14-02-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003458
Abstract: Jacob, Y, Hart, NH, Cochrane, JL, Spiteri, T, Laws, SM, Jones, A, Rogalski, B, Kenna, J, and Anderton, RS. ACTN3 (R577X) genotype is associated with Australian Football League players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 573–576, 2022—Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) and alpha actinin-3 ( ACTN3 ) genes have been associated with elite sport athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of each polymorphism in a cohort of elite Australian football (AF) players. To achieve this, 47 players from an Australian Football League (AFL) club and 59 healthy age matched controls with no history of elite sporting competition were recruited for this study. Each subject provided saliva s les through buccal swab for DNA extraction and genotyping, with group comparisons made using χ 2 and odds ratio analysis. There was no significant difference in ACE I/D genotype between healthy control and elite AF players. The ACTN3 XX genotype was significantly underrepresented in AFL players (4.3%) compared with healthy controls (28.8%, p = 0.003). In addition, there was a greater representation of the R allele in elite AF players (70.2%) when compared with healthy controls (50% χ 2 = 8.834, p = 0.002). This is the first study to investigate genetic variants in elite AF players, with results suggesting that the ACTN3 gene may play a significant role explaining aspects of athletic performance in AF.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-030080
Abstract: Creatine supplementation has consistently been demonstrated to augment adaptations in body composition, muscle strength and physical function in a variety of apparently healthy older adults and clinical populations. The effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training in in iduals with cancer have yet to be investigated. This study aims to examine the effects of creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training on body composition, muscle strength and physical function in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to examine the effects of creatine supplementation in addition to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Both supplement and placebo groups will receive a 12-week supervised exercise programme comprising resistance training undertaken three times per week. The primary endpoint (fat-free mass) and secondary endpoints (fat mass, per cent body fat, physical fitness, quality of life and blood biomarkers) will be assessed at baseline and immediately following the intervention. The Human Research Ethics Committee of Edith Cowan University approved this study (ID: 22243 FAIRMAN). If the results of this trial demonstrate that creatine supplementation can augment beneficial adaptations of body composition, physical function and/or psychosocial outcomes to resistance training, this study will provide effect sizes that will inform the design of subsequent definitive randomised controlled trials. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at various national and international conferences. ACTRN12619000099123
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 08-02-2016
Abstract: – This paper aims to present findings from a study of non-profit organizations (NPOs), including a model of knowledge needs that can be applied by practitioners and scholars to further develop the NPO sector. – A survey was conducted with NPOs operating in Canada and Australia. An analysis of survey responses identified the different types of knowledge essential for each organization. Respondents identified the importance of three pre-determined themes (quantitative data) related to knowledge needs, as well as a fourth option, which was a free text box (qualitative data). The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analyses and a grounded theory approach, respectively. – Analysis of the quantitative data indicates that NPOs ' needs are comparable in both countries. Analysis of qualitative data identified five major categories and multiple sub-categories representing the types of knowledge needs of NPOs. Major categories are knowledge about management and organizational practices, knowledge about resources, community knowledge, sectoral knowledge and situated knowledge. The paper discusses the results using semantic proximity and presents an emergent, evidence-based knowledge management (KM)-NPO model. – The findings contribute to the growing body of literature in the KM domain, and in the understudied research domain related to the knowledge needs and experiences of NPOs. NPOs will find the identified categories and sub-categories useful to undertake KM initiatives within their in idual organizations. The study is also unique, as it includes data from two countries, Canada and Australia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-08-2000
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-024872
Abstract: A potential link exists between prostate cancer (PCa) disease and treatment and increased inflammatory levels from gut dysbiosis. This study aims to examine if exercise favourably alters gut microbiota in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for PCa. Specifically, this study will explore whether: (1) exercise improves the composition of gut microbiota and increases the abundance of bacteria associated with health promotion and (2) whether gut health correlates with favourable inflammatory status, bowel function, continence and nausea among patients participating in the exercise intervention. A single-blinded, two-armed, randomised controlled trial will explore the influence of a 3-month exercise programme (3 days/week) for men with high-risk localised PCa receiving ADT. Sixty patients will be randomly assigned to either exercise intervention or usual care. The primary endpoint (gut health and function assessed via feacal s les) and secondary endpoints (self-reported quality of life via standardised questionnaires, blood biomarkers, body composition and physical fitness) will be measured at baseline and following the intervention. A variety of statistical methods will be used to understand the covariance between microbial ersity and metabolomics profile across time and intervention. An intention-to-treat approach will be utilised for the analyses with multiple imputations followed by a secondary sensitivity analysis to ensure data robustness using a complete cases approach. Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Edith Cowan University (ID: 19827 NEWTON). Findings will be reported in peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences in addition to working with national support groups to translate findings for the broader community. If exercise is shown to result in favourable changes in gut microbial ersity, composition and metabolic profile, and reduce gastrointestinal complications in PCa patients receiving ADT, this study will form the basis of a future phase III trial. ANZCTR12618000280202.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-059952
Abstract: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and debilitating adverse effects of cancer and its treatment reported by cancer survivors. Physical activity, psychological interventions and management of concurrent symptoms have been shown to be effective in alleviating CRF. This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) will determine the feasibility of a telehealth CRF clinic intervention (T-CRF) to implement evidence-based strategies and assess the impact of the intervention on CRF and other clinical factors in comparison to usual care. A parallel-arm (intervention vs usual care) pilot RCT will be conducted at the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Queensland, Australia. Sixty cancer survivors aged 18 years and over, who report moderate or severe fatigue on the Brief Fatigue Inventory and meet other study criteria will be recruited. Participants will be randomised (1:1) to receive the T-CRF intervention or usual care (ie, specialist-led care, with a fatigue information booklet). The intervention is a 24-week programme of three telehealth nurse-led consultations and a personalised CRF management plan. The primary objective of this pilot RCT is to determine intervention feasibility, with a secondary objective to determine preliminary clinical efficacy. Feasibility outcomes include the identification of recruitment methods recruitment rate and uptake attrition adherence fidelity apathy and intervention functionality, acceptability and satisfaction. Clinical and resource use outcomes include cancer survivor fatigue, symptom burden, level of physical activity, productivity loss, hospital resource utilisation and carer’s fatigue and productivity loss. Descriptive statistics will be used to report on feasibility and process-related elements additional to clinical and resource outcomes. This trial is prospectively registered (ACTRN12620001334998). The study protocol has been approved by the Metro South Health and Hospital Services Human Research Ethics Committee (MSHHS HREC/2020/QMS/63495). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences and seminars or workshops. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID: ACTRN12620001334998 Pre-results. Trial Version: Version 1.1. Last updated 10 December 2020.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13251
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-09-2014
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of an audit of community information (CI) portals to provide an overview of how CI is being organised and presented on the web by aggregating services, and how CI is being shaped and shared in community networks. It also investigates the role that public libraries play in online CI provision. – The research s led CI portals online within the Australian web domain (.au). An audit of 88 portals was undertaken to establish the scope, role and usefulness of the portals. The audit included a comprehensive usability analysis of a sub set of 20 portals evaluated for 20 different heuristics based on Nielsen's heuristic model. – The research finds that the challenge facing portals is not a lack of information, it is the need to improve the mediation between the community services and people that CI portals promise useful and usable information for. While public libraries remain integral to the provision of CI in their geographical area, they now form part of a larger online network for CI provision, involving a wide range of organisations. – The paper discusses the ways CI portals contribute to the provision of information about community services and identifies areas where improvements are needed. In particular, it discusses how these sites function as part of larger CI networks and where more innovative, and more standardised, design could lead to greater levels of engagement and utility.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/AJCO.13575
Abstract: Cancer and its treatment produce significant acute and long-term adverse effects in cancer survivors, resulting in a range of supportive cancer care needs across the disease trajectory. To enhance supportive cancer care in Australia, this study sought to understand and describe conventional services offered nationwide, specific to their structure (ownership, setting, duration), process (participants, delivery mode, referral pathways), and outcomes (evaluation). A survey canvassing 13 conventional supportive cancer care interventions was electronically distributed to 265 cancer organizations in all Australian states and territories over 2019 and 2020. Cancer organizations were invited to participate if they provided at least one cancer-directed treatment (ie, surgery, radiation therapy, or systemic therapies) or clinical cancer care to adults, adolescents, or children or conventional supportive care interventions to cancer survivors. A response rate of 46% (n = 123/265) was achieved, with 72% of cancer organizations (n = 88) delivering at least one intervention. Most were provided as outpatient or inpatient services, with few at home (<13%) or via telehealth (<10%). Psychological therapy (90%), self-care (82%), exercise (77%), healthy eating (69%), and lymphedema (69%) services were most common. Fatigue management (51%) and pelvic health (32%) were less common. Services offering massage, return-to-work, cognitive therapy, sleep hygiene, and leisure were underrepresented (<31%). Provision of conventional supportive cancer care services continues to evolve in Australia. Multiple areas of care require development of dedicated services to address supportive cancer care intervention shortfalls across the country. Online resources and telemedicine are currently underutilized modalities that are available for further development.
Publisher: Emerald (MCB UP )
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU15010127
Abstract: Objective: Determine if exercise interventions, beyond what is already provided to children and preschool children, improve bone health and reduce fracture incidence. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis reported using the PRISMA guidelines. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE recommendations. Data sources: Five electronic databases were searched for records: PUBMED CINAHL CENTRAL SPORTDiscus Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised controlled trials (including cluster-randomised) assessing the impact of additional exercise interventions (e.g., increased physical education classes or specific jumping programs) on bone health in children (6–12 years) and pre-school children (2–5 years) without dietary intervention. Results: Thirty-one records representing 16 distinct clinical trials were included. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and/or peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) were used to quantify bone health. Increased femoral neck bone mineral content in children with additional exercise interventions (n = 790, SMD = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.09) was reported, however this was not significant following sensitivity analysis. Other DXA and pQCT measures, as well as fracture incidence, did not appear to significantly differ over time between intervention and control groups. No studies reported adverse events. Studies failed to report all domains within the TIDieR checklist. All studies were at high risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB Tool 2.0. The certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusions: The addition of exercise interventions, beyond what is provided to children, does not appear to improve DXA and pQCT measures of bone health. The effect of additional exercise interventions on bone health in pre-school children is largely unknown. Future trials should ensure adherence is clearly reported and controlled for within analysis as well as including reports of adverse events (e.g., apophysitis) that occur due to increased exercise interventions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-06948-0
Abstract: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (immunotherapy) is increasingly recognized to be linked to the composition the gut microbiome. Given the high rates of resistance, interventions targeting the gut microbiome are now being investigated for its ability to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In light of recently published data demonstrating a strong correlation between the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy, there is a risk that efforts to enhance immunotherapy efficacy may be undermined by increases in immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) This is particularly important for microbial interventions aimed at increasing immunotherapy efficacy, with many microbes implicated in tumour response also linked to IrAEs, especially colitis. IrAEs have a profound impact on patient quality of life, causing physical, psychosocial, and financial distress. Here, we outline strategies at the discovery, translational, and clinical research phases to ensure the impact of augmenting immunotherapy efficacy is approached in a manner that considers adverse implications. Adopting these strategies will ensure that our ongoing efforts to overcome immunotherapy resistance are not impacted by unacceptable toxicity.
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 07-11-2016
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS961
Abstract: This paper presents results of a nation-wide online survey of Canadian Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) on their knowledge sharing approaches when engaging with the general public, including volunteers and other community stakeholders. The findings presented in this paper are based on qualitative and quantitative data analyses of over 1200 responses received. The findings reveal that NPOs use different approaches such as emails, text-messaging, formal and informal in-person interactions and social media to share knowledge with various community stakeholders. Cet article présente les résultats d'une enquête en ligne à l'échelle nationale auprès d’organismes canadiens sans but lucratif (OSBL) sur leurs approches concernant le partage des connaissances lors de leurs rapports avec le grand public, y compris les bénévoles et d'autres intervenants de la collectivité. Les résultats présentés dans le présent article sont fondés sur l’analyse de données qualitatives et quantitatives provenant de plus de 1200 réponses reçues. Les résultats révèlent que les OSBL utilisent différentes approches telles que le courriel, la messagerie texte, des interactions personnelles formelles et informelles ainsi que les médias sociaux pour partager des connaissances avec ers intervenants communautaires.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12885-021-08394-3
Abstract: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in people with cancer. Although efficacy of interventions for CRF have been extensively investigated, less has been done to ensure successful translation into routine clinical practice. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to synthesise knowledge surrounding the implementation of CRF interventions, summarise the processes and outcomes of implementation strategies used, and identify opportunities for further research. PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched (up to December 2020). The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group taxonomy and the RE-AIM Framework were used to guide the evaluation of implementation strategies and outcomes, respectively. Six studies were included. Three used an implementation framework (PARIHS, KTA, Cullens & Adams’ Implementation Guide) to guide implementation. Overall, the implementation strategies used across all studies were reported to have directly resulted in immediate changes at the clinician level (e.g., increased clinician behaviours, self-efficacy, attitudes, knowledge of CRF management). No clear relationship was found between the use of implementation models and the number or type of implementation strategies used. For outcomes, Effectiveness and Implementation were the most highly reported RE-AIM measures followed by Reach then Maintenance. Adoption was the least reported. Despite the high prevalence of CRF and evidence-based interventions for managing CRF, there is limited evidence informing the sustainable implementation of these interventions. This systematic scoping review emphasises the lack of quality CRF implementation studies presently available in the literature leading to a disconnect between effective CRF interventions, routine clinical care, and cancer survivors at present. This review highlights the need for robust study designs guided by established frameworks to methodically design and evaluate the implementation of CRF management interventions in the future.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JBMR.4788
Abstract: Although suboptimal bone health has been reported in children and adolescents with low motor competence (LMC), it is not known whether such deficits are present at the time of peak bone mass. We examined the impact of LMC on bone mineral density (BMD) in 1043 participants (484 females) from the Raine Cohort Study. Participants had motor competence assessed using the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development at 10, 14, and 17 years, and a whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at 20 years. Bone loading from physical activity was estimated from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at the age of 17 years. The association between LMC and BMD was determined using general linear models that controlled for sex, age, body mass index, vitamin D status, and prior bone loading. Results indicated LMC status (present in 29.6% males and 21.9% females) was associated with a 1.8% to 2.6% decrease in BMD at all load‐bearing bone sites. Assessment by sex showed that the association was mainly in males. Osteogenic potential of physical activity was associated with increased BMD dependent on sex and LMC status, with males with LMC showing a reduced effect from increasing bone loading. As such, although engagement in osteogenic physical activity is associated with BMD, other factors involved in physical activity, eg, ersity, movement quality, may also contribute to BMD differences based upon LMC status. The finding of lower peak bone mass for in iduals with LMC may reflect a higher risk of osteoporosis, especially for males however, further research is required. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Publisher: University of Alberta Libraries
Date: 07-11-2016
DOI: 10.29173/CAIS960
Abstract: This paper explores results of a survey that documented tools and technologies used to manage knowledge in Canadian non-profit organizations (NPOs). Findings demonstrate that NPOs, across various types of organizations, use both non-computer (e.g., print documents) and computer-based solutions to manage knowledge. Ex les of tools/technologies used include donor management software, email-based systems for communication and marketing, and some specific tools relevant to their areas of operations. Cet article explore les résultats d'une enquête qui a documenté les outils et les technologies utilisés pour gérer les connaissances dans les organisations canadiennes sans but lucratif (OSBL). Les résultats démontrent que les différents types d’OSBL utilisent à la fois des solutions informatiques et non-informatiques (par exemple, des documents imprimés) pour gérer les connaissances. Les outils / technologies utilisées comprennent des logiciels de gestion des donateurs, des systèmes basés sur le courrier électronique pour la communication et le marketing, et quelques outils spécifiques pertinents dans leurs domaines d'activité.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 11-12-2021
DOI: 10.1055/A-1302-8002
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training shock microcycles (HIITSM) on endurance, running economy and change of direction economy in female soccer players. Nineteen sub-elite female soccer players were randomised to two groups: HIITSM (10 HIIT sessions over 13 days) or HIITTRAD (4 HIIT sessions over 13 days) interventions. Endurance performance was evaluated through the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15IFT) running economy over a 5-min treadmill run and change of direction economy over two conditions: (1) 5-min 20m shuttle run, and (2) 5-min 10m shuttle run. HIITSM significantly improved 30–15IFT scores compared to baseline (+4.4%, p=0.009 d=0.96) and 30–15IFT scores relative to HIITTRAD (p=0.002 d=2.01). There was no significant interaction (group×time) for running economy and change of direction economy. Pre- to post- intervention there was a significant main time effect for blood lactate over 20m and 10m shuttle runs (p .001 and p=0.037, respectively), with large (d=0.93) and moderate (d=0.53) changes observed for the HIITSM over the two distances, respectively. HIITSM may be more effective than HIITTRAD to improve 30–15IFT over shorter training periods but may not affect running economy and change of direction economy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S13102-022-00561-8
Abstract: Physical demands and injury rates differ between elite female and male Australian Football (AF) players. To improve understanding of contributing physical factors to these differences, the purpose of this study was to investigate lower-body morphology and whole-body composition of elite footballers competing in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Australian Football League Women’s (AFLW). Lower-body morphology and whole-body composition of 23 AFL players and 23 AFLW players were assessed using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry at the beginning of pre-season. Differences between cohorts, with sub-analyses of kicking vs. support limbs, and experienced vs. inexperienced player status were assessed using two-s le independent t-tests. Magnitude of differences were assessed using Cohen’s d effect sizes. AFL players had greater absolute ( p 0.001 ES = 3.28) and relative ( p 0.001 ES = 2.29) whole body lean soft-tissue mass, with less absolute ( p = 0.004 ES = 0.91) and relative ( p 0.001 ES = 2.29) fat mass than AFLW players. For AFLW players, no significant differences existed between kicking and support limbs with few differences observed between experienced and inexperienced players. Greater emphasis on physical development in AFLW players may be required to enable increases in muscle mass and skeletal robustness, to ensure they can tolerate the loads of elite competition.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.793377
Abstract: Athletic profiling provides valuable information to sport scientists, assisting in the optimal design of strength and conditioning programmes. Understanding the influence these physical characteristics may have on the generation of kicking accuracy is advantageous. The aim of this study was to profile and compare the lower limb mass characteristics of accurate and inaccurate Australian footballers. Thirty-one players were recruited from the Western Australian Football League to perform ten drop punt kicks over 20 metres to a player target. Players were separated into accurate (n = 15) and inaccurate (n = 16) groups, with leg mass characteristics assessed using whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Accurate kickers demonstrated significantly greater relative lean mass (P ≤ 0.004) and significantly lower relative fat mass (P ≤ 0.024) across all segments of the kicking and support limbs, while also exhibiting significantly higher intra-limb lean-to-fat mass ratios for all segments across both limbs (P ≤ 0.009). Inaccurate kickers also produced significantly larger asymmetries between limbs than accurate kickers (P ≤ 0.028), showing considerably lower lean mass in their support leg. These results illustrate a difference in leg mass characteristics between accurate and inaccurate kickers, highlighting the potential influence these may have on technical proficiency of the drop punt.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11657-018-0478-9
Abstract: Fracture incidence data of Australian children and adolescents have not been reported in the literature. A 10-year case review of fracture presentations in Western Australia is provided. Between 2005 and 2015, fracture incidence increased relative to population growth. This is concerning, and interventions are required to reverse this trend. Fracture incidence in 0-16-year-olds is high and varies between countries. Boys have a 1.5:1 ratio of fracture incidence compared to girls. There are no specific data for Australia. Western Australia is a state with unique geography and population distribution having only a single tertiary paediatric hospital (Princess Margaret Hospital, PMH, in Perth) managing the majority of children and adolescents with fractures in the Emergency Department (ED). The aims of this study were to characterise fracture presentations to PMH-ED and compare the incidence to population data. A database audit of fracture presentations between 2005 and 2015 for fracture rates with a sub-analysis for gender, fracture site and age and a comparison to Perth Metropolitan and Western Australian population data was performed. Analysis included 31,340 presentations. Fracture incidence, adjusted for the annual population size, increased from 0.63% in 2005 to 0.85% in 2015 (p < 0.001). The month of May reported the highest fracture rate (p < 0.001) corresponding with the start of the winter sports season. Males had a 1.5 times higher fracture incidence than females (p < 0.001), with upper limb fractures three times more common than lower limb fractures (p < 0.001). Fracture incidence increased with age until the early teenage years (15 years for males 12 years for females) when a decline occurred. Increased fracture incidence in Western Australia between 2005 and 2015 identifies a concerning trend for bone health in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to identify potential lifestyle factors that impact fracture incidence translating into evidence-based strategies to reverse these trends and improve bone health.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-022-00436-9
Abstract: Prostate cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of men globally. Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment modality although treatment efficacy is dependent upon several features within the tumour microenvironment (TME), especially hypoxia. A hypoxic TME heightens radioresistance and thus disease recurrence and treatment failure continues to pose important challenges. However, the TME evolves under the influence of factors in systemic circulation and cellular crosstalk, underscoring its potential to be acutely and therapeutically modified. Early preclinical evidence suggests exercise may affect tumour growth and some of the benefits drawn, could act to radiosensitise tumours to treatment. Intracellular perturbations in skeletal muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the production of numerous factors that can exert autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects on the prostate. However, findings supporting this notion are limited and the associated mechanisms are poorly understood. In light of this preclinical evidence, we propose systemic changes in redox signalling with exercise activate redox-sensitive factors within the TME and improve tumour hypoxia and treatment outcomes, when combined with RT. To this end, we suggest a connection between exercise, ROS and tumour growth kinetics, highlighting the potential of exercise to sensitise tumour cells to RT, and improve treatment efficacy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2023
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01032-4
Abstract: Exercise has emerged as a promising therapy for people with cancer. Novel programs have been developed to translate research into practice however, implementation barriers have limited their success in part because successful translation of exercise oncology research into practice requires context-specific implementation plans. The aim of this study was to employ the implementation mapping protocol to develop an implementation plan to support programming of a co-located exercise clinic and cancer treatment center. The Implementation Mapping protocol, which consists of five specific iterative tasks, was used. A stakeholder advisory group advised throughout the process. A comprehensive needs assessment was used to identify the organization’s general manager as the program adopter oncologists, center leaders, and various administrative staff as program implementers and the operations manager as the program maintainer. Twenty performance objectives were identified. The theoretical domains framework was used to identify likely determinants of change, which informed the selection of eight in idual implementation strategies across the in idual and organizational levels. Finally, an evaluation plan was developed which will be used to measure the success of the implementation plan in the project’s next phase. The Implementation Mapping protocol provided a roadmap to guide development of a comprehensive implementation plan that considered all ecological domains, was informed by theory, and demonstrated an extensive understanding of the implementation context. Strong research-practitioner partnerships and effective stakeholder engagement were critical to development of the plan.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 20-08-2020
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002127
Abstract: While general guidelines (such as CONSORT or Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template) exist to enhance the reporting of exercise interventions in the field of exercise science, there is inadequate detail facilitating the standardized reporting of resistance training adherence in the oncology setting. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel method to report resistance training dose, adherence, and tolerance in patients with cancer. A total of 47 prostate cancer patients (70.1 ± 8.9 yr, body mass index, 28.6 ± 4.0) with bone metastatic disease completed an exercise program for 12 wk. We assessed traditional metrics of adherence (attendance and loss to follow-up), in addition to novel proposed metrics (exercise-relative dose intensity, dose modification, and exercise interruption). Total training volume in kilograms (repetitions × sets × training load (weight)) was calculated for each patient. Attendance assessed from traditional metrics was 79.5% ± 17.0% and four patients (9%) were lost to follow-up. The prescribed and actual cumulative total dose of resistance training was 139,886 ± 69,150 kg and 112,835 ± 83,499 kg, respectively, with a mean exercise-relative dose intensity of 77.4% ± 16.6% (range: 19.4% –99.4%). Resistance training was missed (1–2 consecutive sessions) or interrupted (missed ≥3 consecutive sessions) in 41 (87%) and 24 (51%) participants, respectively. Training dose was modified (reduction in sets, repetitions, or weight) in 40 (85%) of patients. Importantly, using attendance as a traditional metric of adherence, these sessions would have all counted as adherence to the protocol. Traditional reporting metrics of resistance training in exercise oncology may overestimate exercise adherence. Our proposed metrics to capture resistance training dose, adherence, and tolerance may have important applications for future studies and clinical practice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2023
DOI: 10.3322/CAAC.21788
Abstract: Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty‐four reviews were quantitative or mixed‐methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost‐effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost‐effectiveness of navigation in screening programs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2022
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2010
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-049802
Abstract: To evaluate the implementation of a multicomponent survivorship programme for men with prostate cancer and their carers. A single cohort study, guided by the RE-AIM framework. Multiple health services in Australia. Men with prostate cancer and their carers, and health professionals. A 12-month telehealth programme that provided centralised and coordinated decision and information support, exercise and nutrition management, specialised clinical support and practical support to men and their carers. Multiple sources of data including participant-reported health outcomes and experience of care, qualitative interviews, records of the programme were collected at different time points. Reach: Of 394 eligible men at various stages of survivorship, 142 consented (36% consent rate) and 136 (96%) completed the programme. Adoption: All men participated in general care coordination and more than half participated in exercise and/or nutrition management interventions. Participation in the specialised support component (ie, psychosocial and sexual health support, continence management) was low despite the high level of need reported by men. Effectiveness: Overall, the men reported improvements in their experience of care. Implementation: Factors such as addressing service gaps, provision of specialised services, care coordination, adoption of needs-based and telehealth-based approaches were identified as enablers to the successful implementation of the programme. Issues such as insufficient integration with existing services, lack of resources and high caseload of the intervention team, men’s reluctance to discuss needs and lack of confidence with technology were barriers in implementing the programme. Survivorship interventions are relevant to men regardless of the stage of their disease and treatments undertaken. It is possible to provide access to a comprehensive model of survivorship care to promote the health and quality of life for men with prostate cancer. This study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000174381).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S13102-022-00425-1
Abstract: This study compared the physical demands and effect of field location for different phases of play (offence, defence and contested), and examined the physical and technical demands of successful and unsuccessful phases of play during Australian Football matches. Global positioning system (GPS) and technical performance data were collected from 32 male Australian Football players in one club over 19 games in the 2019 season. The GPS data was aligned with phases of play acquired using Ch ion Data. Linear mixed models were used to detect differences between phases of play and field location which were further contextualized using Cohen’s d effect size. Physical demands were greatest ( p 0.001) in defensive phases for backs (ES 0.61 to 1.42), and offensive phases for midfielders (ES 0.65 to 0.96) and forwards (ES 0.84 to 1.94). Additionally, distance and high-speed running were lowest in contested phases irrespective of playing position. Distance and high-speed running were greatest in larger field locations (e.g., full ground). No pattern was evident for accelerations or decelerations. Successful offensive plays demonstrated greater physical and technical outputs for midfielders and forwards, whereas the opposite was found for backs. Physical output was largely greater in unsuccessful defensive plays for all positions however, the rate of tackles and marks was greater during successful defence. These findings enable a greater understanding of the demands of Australian Football matches, and can be utilized to inform both representative training design, and the evaluation of player performance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11764-021-01080-0
Abstract: While calls have been made for exercise to become standard practice in oncology, barriers to implementation in real-world settings are not well described. This systematic scoping review aimed to comprehensively describe barriers impeding integration of exercise into routine oncology care within healthcare systems. A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases (since 2010) to identify barriers to implementing exercise into real-world settings. An ecological framework was used to classify barriers according to their respective level within the healthcare system. A total of 1,376 results were retrieved 50 articles describing implementation barriers in real-world exercise oncology settings were reviewed. Two hundred and forty-three barriers were identified across all levels of the healthcare system. Nearly 40% of barriers existed at the organizational level (n = 93). Lack of structures to support exercise integration and absence of staff/resources to facilitate its delivery were the most common issues reported. Despite the frequency of barriers at the organizational level, organizational stakeholders were largely absent from the research. Implementing exercise into routine cancer care is hindered by a web of interrelated barriers across all levels of the healthcare system. Organizational barriers are central to most issues. Future work should take an interdisciplinary approach to explore best practices for overcoming implementation barriers, with organizations as a central focus. This blueprint of implementation barriers highlights critical issues that need to be overcome to ensure people with cancer have access to the therapeutic benefits of exercise during treatment and beyond.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2022.104206
Abstract: To describe and examine the theories, components, and effectiveness of self-management support interventions for in iduals experiencing cancer-related fatigue. A systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 Statement. CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched (from inception to June 2021) for randomised controlled trials examining self-management support interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised by two authors. Data extraction was guided by the Self-management Support Taxonomy (i.e., a modified version of the Practical Reviews in Self-Management Support Taxonomy tailored to cancer). The Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used for study appraisal. A critical narrative synthesis was conducted. Fifty-one papers representing 50 different studies (n = 7383) were identified. Most interventions were delivered post-treatment (40%) using in-person (i.e., 'face-to-face') encounters (40%), and were facilitated by health professionals (62%). A range of intervention approaches and self-management support strategies were used across studies. The average number of Self-management Support Taxonomy components used across studies was 6.1 (of 14). Thirty-one studies (62%) described a specific behavior change theory to guide their self-management support intervention development. Twenty-nine studies (n = 29/50 58%) reported a positive intervention effect for fatigue immediately post-intervention. Of these 29 studies, 10 (34%) reported at least one sustained positive effect on fatigue over follow-up periods between two and 12 months. Self-management support that is delivered after cancer treatment, facilitated by health professionals, and incorporating at least one in-person contact appears to produce the most favourable fatigue and behavioral outcomes. However, further work is needed to better understand how in idual self-management support strategies and the application of a behavioral theory influence behavior change. Program developers should guide self-management support with a behavioral theory, and describe their theory application in intervention development, implementation, and evaluation ensure facilitators receive adequate support training and seek the delivery preferences of cancer survivors. Future research should incorporate adequate follow-up to sufficiently evaluate the impact of programs on cancer-related fatigue and associated self-management behaviors. Findings from this review are relevant to all healthcare professionals, but are of most relevance to nurses as the largest cancer care workforce with a key role in delivering self-management support.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 17-11-2201
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004368
Abstract: McCaskie, CJ, Sim, M, Newton, RU, Heasman, J, Rogalski, B, and Hart, NH. Preseason body composition is associated with in-season player availability in elite male Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1089–1095, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine whether end of preseason body composition characteristics was associated with in-season match availability and injury. Sixty ( n = 60) elite Australian football players had body composition characteristics assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry across 3 seasons (2016, 2018, and 2021). Match availability and injury were recorded throughout each season. Pearson’s correlations were calculated to assess the associations between body composition and in-season match availability and injury. Logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of missing games as a result of injury throughout a season. Regional lean soft tissue mass asymmetry and its relationship to injury and availability was explored. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Body composition characteristics expressed as relative values seemed to be more highly associated with in-season availability and injury than characteristics expressed as absolute values. Players with lower relative fat mass (FM) ( .1% total body FM) were available for 89.7% of in-season matches compared with 80.7% for players with higher relative FM ( .1% total body FM). Subsequently, players with higher relative FM had 3.3–3.5 times greater odds of missing one game to injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–11.14 p ≤ 0.05) and missing 2 or more games to injury (OR = 3.50 95% CI = 1.20–10.20 p ≤ 0.05) throughout a season compared with players with lower relative FM. Higher proportions of fat mass may accelerate the onset of fatigue and place players at a greater risk of injury. Reducing players' FM across the preseason phase should be a key aim for practitioners to reduce the odds of injury throughout the competitive season.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-07-2022
DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2139618
Abstract: We aimed to report the epidemiology of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries in Police Force recruits. We performed a cohort study of Police Force recruits undergoing a six-month training program with prospective injury data collected between 2018 and 2021. Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified by the beep-test and police-specific-functional-capacity was quantified using a specifically designed physical performance evaluation (PPE) tool. Injury frequency and prevalence were reported. Fifteen percent (n = 180) of study Police Force recruits (n = 1,181) sustained a lower-limb or lumbosacral injury. The six-month training program significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001) and functional capacity (p < 0.001). Increased cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline decreased injury risk (OR = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.66-0.97, p = 0.019). Injury rates decreased over time and females were injured significantly earlier than males (HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.52 to 0.95, p = 0.021). Interventions that can pre-condition Police Force recruits prior to the commencement of their basic physical training may reduce the number of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.14144
Abstract: In iduals at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have low levels of physical activity in childhood due to impaired motor competence however, physical activity levels in adulthood have not been established. This study sought to determine the impact of DCD risk on physical activity levels in adults using accelerometry measurement. Participants (n = 656) from the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study cohort had their motor competence assessed at the age of five years, and their physical activity quantified via device assessment at the age of 25 years. Between group differences were assessed to differentiate physical activity measures for in iduals based on DCD risk status, with general linear modeling performed to control for the effects of sex, body mass index (BMI), and maternal education. Participants at risk of DCD were found to have a lower total number of steps (d = 0.3, p = 0.022) than those not at risk. Statistical modeling indicated that DCD risk status increased time spent in sedentary light activity (β = 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.3, p = 0.026) and decreased time spent in vigorous physical activity via interaction with BMI (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.1, p = 0.025). Sensitivity analysis found that visuomotor impairment did not significantly impact physical activity but did increase the role of DCD risk status in some models. This 20-year-longitudinal study indicated that DCD risk status continues to negatively impact on levels of physical activity into early adulthood.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-01-2021
Abstract: Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4343), alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) (rs1815739), adrenoceptor-beta-1 (ADRB1) (rs1801253), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) (rs8192678) genes have previously been associated with elite athletic performance. This study assessed the influence of polymorphisms in these candidate genes towards endurance test performance in 46 players from a single Australian Football League (AFL) team. Each player provided saliva buccal swab s les for DNA analysis and genotyping and were required to perform two independent two-kilometre running time-trials, six weeks apart. Linear mixed models were created to account for repeated measures over time and to determine whether player genotypes are associated with overall performance in the two-kilometre time-trial. The results showed that the ADRB1 Arg389Gly CC (p = 0.034) and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser GG (p = 0.031) genotypes were significantly associated with a faster two-kilometre time-trial. This is the first study to link genetic polymorphism to an assessment of endurance performance in Australian Football and provides justification for further exploratory or confirmatory studies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2013
Publisher: Clinical Exercise Physiology Association
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.31189/2165-6193-11.4.146
Abstract: Exercise is increasingly accepted as a therapy in the management of cancer, and is now described as a medicine, giving rise to a new discipline in clinical practice and research termed exercise oncology. Exercise medicine has been evaluated in clinical trials and implemented in patient care at all phases of disease and treatment trajectory. Advanced disease involving bone metastases presents considerable challenges in terms of patient assessment and exercise prescription. Over the past decade research evidence has accumulated attesting to the safety and efficacy of appropriately designed exercise medicine interventions. Combined with a need for well-developed guidelines, an expert consensus has been developed. Through a rigorous process the overarching recommendation was that exercise professionals should work with the patient and their health care team to balance the risk of adverse events due to participation in exercise therapy against the risk of more rapid patient decline through not exercising, as well as the potential loss of health benefits that could be realized through exercise. This is the basic tenet of health care and withholding or not offering a therapy that is likely to provide greater benefit than the potential risk it may cause for fear of that risk is untenable.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/CURRONCOL29100609
Abstract: Perspectives of cancer survivors, caregivers, and social workers as key stakeholders on the clinical management of financial toxicity (FT) are critical to identify opportunities for better FT management. Semi-structured interviews (cancer survivors, caregivers) and a focus group (social workers) were undertaken using purposive s ling at a quaternary public hospital in Australia. People with any cancer diagnosis attending the hospital were eligible. Data were analysed using inductive-deductive content analysis techniques. Twenty-two stakeholders (n = 10 cancer survivors of mixed-cancer types, n = 5 caregivers, and n = 7 social workers) participated. Key findings included: (i) genuine concern for FT of cancer survivors and caregivers shown through practical support by health care and social workers (ii) need for clarity of role and services (iii) importance of timely information flow and (iv) proactive navigation as a priority. While cancer survivors and caregivers received financial assistance and support from the hospital, the lack of synchronised, shared understanding of roles and services in relation to finance between cancer survivors, caregivers, and health professionals undermined the effectiveness and consistency of these services. A proactive approach to anticipate cancer survivors’ and caregivers’ needs is recommended. Future research may develop and evaluate initiatives to manage cancer survivors and families FT experiences and outcomes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.774053
Abstract: Understanding the magnitude of forces and lower body kinematics that occur during a change of direction (COD) task can provide information about the biomechanical demands required to improve performance. To compare the magnitude of force, impulse, lower body kinematics and post-COD stride velocity produced between athletes of different strength levels during a COD task, 12 stronger (8 males, 4 females) and 12 weaker (4 males, 8 females) recreational team sport athletes were recruited. Strength levels were determined by relative peak isometric force of the dominant and non-dominant leg. All athletes performed 10 pre-planned 45° changes of direction (5 left, 5 right) while three-dimensional motion and ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected. Differences in all variables for the dominant leg were examined using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of significance set at p ≤0.05. The stronger group displayed significantly faster post-COD stride velocity and greater vertical and horizontal braking forces, vertical propulsive force, vertical braking impulse, horizontal propulsive impulse, angle of peak braking force application, hip abduction and knee flexion angle compared to the weaker group. The results suggest that in iduals with greater relative lower body strength produced higher magnitude plant foot kinetics and modified lower body positioning while producing faster COD performances. Future investigations should determine if strength training to enable athletes to increase plant foot kinetics while maintaining or adopting a lower body position results in a concomitant increases in post-COD stride velocity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
No related grants have been discovered for Nicolas Hart.