ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1696-6649
Current Organisations
Sunrise Orthodontic-Paediatric Dentistry Clinic Ltd
,
The Berkeley Clinic
,
Glasgow Orthodontic Academy
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Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
Date: 04-09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-09-2021
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJAB069
Abstract: In orthodontic trials, longitudinal designs with multiple outcome measurements over time are common. The aim of this epidemiological study was to examine whether optimal statistical analysis approaches have been used in longitudinal orthodontic trials. Pubmed was searched in August 2021 for longitudinal orthodontic trials with at least three time points of outcome assessment published in the 2017–20 period. Study selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. The analysis approaches undertaken were tabulated and associations between study characteristics and the use of optimal analysis or not were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. One hundred forty-seven out of 563 unique records were deemed eligible for inclusion. Only 26.50% of these trials used an optimal statistical analysis for longitudinal data where the data structure is accounted for. None of the study characteristics except the statistical significance of the results were associated with the appropriateness of the statistical analysis. The odds of significant results in studies with suboptimal analyses were higher than that in studies with optimal longitudinal analyses (odds ratio: 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 7.46, P = 0.001). For the studies with optimal analysis, the most frequent test was repeated-measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The reporting of the statistical analysis section was suboptimal in the majority of the trials. Most longitudinal orthodontic trials are not analysed using optimal statistical approaches. Inferences and interpretation of their results are likely to be compromised.
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-03-2016
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 09-10-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-25803/V3
Abstract: Background: The advent of electronic teaching facilities improves tutor-student communication. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Phone-Based Audience Response System (PB-ARS), as an adjunctive pedagogy tool to enhance the retention of orthodontic information by dental students and to explore the students’ perception of PB-ARS. Methods: This cross-over clustered randomised control trial included 34 males who were in the final year of their undergraduate dental training. Participants were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 and G2) using computer-generated randomisation. Both groups simultaneously attended two different traditional lectures (L 1 and L2) a week apart. During L1, PB-ARS was used as an adjunct to conventional presentation to teach G1 participants, (PB-ARS group) while G2’s participants acted as a control group (CG), and were taught using a traditional presentation. In the second week (L2), the interventions were crossed-over. Participants from both groups completed pre- and post-lecture multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQ) to assess their short-term retention of information. Their performance in the final MCQ exam (10 weeks following L2) was tracked to assess the long-term retention of the information. Participants also completed post-lecture questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions. Results : 29 and 31 participants from the CG and PB-ARS group completed this trial, respectively. Although 87.5% of students in the PB-ARS group showed an improvement in their immediate post-lecture scores compared with 79.3% for the CG, it was statistically insignificant (p= 0.465). Similarly, the intervention showed an insignificant effect on the long-term retention of the knowledge (p=0.560).There was a mildly but favourable attitude of students towards the use of PB-ARS. However, the difference in the overall level of satisfaction between both groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.183). Conclusion : PB-ARS has a minimal and insignificant effect on the short- and long-term retention of orthodontic knowledge by male undergraduate dental students. PB-ARS was the preferred adjunct tool to conventional classroom teaching. Due to the limitations of this trial, a long-term randomised controlled trial with a larger s le size is recommended.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2018
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 02-11-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-25803/V4
Abstract: Background: The advent of electronic teaching facilities improves tutor-student communication. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Phone-Based Audience Response System (PB-ARS), as an adjunctive pedagogy tool to enhance the retention of orthodontic information by dental students and to explore the students’ perception of PB-ARS. Methods: This cross-over clustered randomised control trial included 34 males who were in the final year of their undergraduate dental training. Participants were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 and G2) using computer-generated randomisation. Both groups simultaneously attended two different traditional lectures (L 1 and L2) a week apart. During L1, PB-ARS was used as an adjunct to conventional presentation to teach G1 participants, (PB-ARS group) while G2’s participants acted as a control group (CG), and were taught using a traditional presentation. In the second week (L2), the interventions were crossed-over. Participants from both groups completed pre- and post-lecture multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQ) to assess their short-term retention of information. Their performance in the final MCQ exam (10 weeks following L2) was tracked to assess the long-term retention of the information. Participants also completed post-lecture questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions. Results : 29 and 31 participants from the CG and PB-ARS group completed this trial, respectively. Although 87.5% of students in the PB-ARS group showed an improvement in their immediate post-lecture scores compared with 79.3% for the CG, it was statistically insignificant (p= 0.465). Similarly, the intervention showed an insignificant effect on the long-term retention of the knowledge (p=0.560).There was a mildly but favourable attitude of students towards the use of PB-ARS. However, the difference in the overall level of satisfaction between both groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.183). Conclusion : PB-ARS has a minimal and insignificant effect on the short- and long-term retention of orthodontic knowledge by male undergraduate dental students. PB-ARS was the preferred adjunct tool to conventional classroom teaching. Due to the limitations of this trial, a long-term randomised controlled trial with a larger s le size is recommended.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJZ013
Abstract: Pain is an unpleasant side-effect that can be experienced during orthodontic procedures including debonding of fixed appliances. Pain experience can vary depending on the appliance, debonding technique, as well as adjunctive measures used. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different debonding techniques and adjunctive methods on pain/discomfort perception during debonding procedure (PDP) of fixed orthodontic appliances. The secondary objective was to assess the effects of anatomic location and gender on PDP of fixed orthodontic appliances. Multiple electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2018. Reference lists of the included articles were manually screened. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers according to Cochrane guidelines, with disputes resolved by a third reviewer. Clinical heterogeneity in study design and methodology prevented quantitative synthesis of the data. The search yielded 198 articles after the removal of duplicates. Seven studies were included in the final review with a total of 307 participants aged 12–60 years. Of the four studies comparing different debonding instruments of labial fixed appliances, two studies showed that the lift-off debonding instrument (LODI) produced lower PDP levels than ligature cutting pliers. Three studies compared adjunctive measures to reduce PDP of labial fixed appliances. Finger pressure and bite wafers significantly reduced PDP levels. Analgesics administration (ibuprofen + paracetamol tablets) 1 hour prior to debonding also reduced PDP. PDP was significantly higher in anterior segments and in females. The authors acknowledge that there was clinical heterogeneity among the included studies and that the potential effect of diurnal variation on pain during debonding was not considered in any of the included trials. There is weak evidence indicating that using the LODI may reduce PDP of labial fixed appliances. Adjunctive measures such as an intrusive force with finger pressure, bite wafers, and preoperative analgesia may further aid PDP control. Further well-designed parallel-group RCTs taking into consideration the diurnal variation in pain are required. PROSPERO (CRD42017084474). None. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-06-2018
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJY045
Abstract: Reminders are implemented in healthcare services to increase compliance with treatment and to decrease the rate of failed appointments. Their effects in the provision of orthodontic care are not yet fully understood. The main objectives of this review were to assess the effectiveness of reminder systems in improving oral hygiene (OH) and adherence to appointments in orthodontic patients. An unrestricted search was conducted in six electronic databases and was supplemented by an extensive manual search up to January 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of reminders in orthodontics were included. Two authors were independently involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. A random-effects model with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was generated for comparable outcomes. Periodontal parameters were evaluated in the short term (1-3 months) and in the long term (>3 months). Cochrane risk of bias tool was utilized for bias assessment and the quality of the resultant evidence was graded. Additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses were implemented. Fourteen RCTs involving 2078 participants met the inclusion criteria five studies were excluded from the quantitative synthesis due to high risk of bias. Small but statistically significant standardized mean differences in the plaque index scores were recorded favoring patients receiving reminders in the short-term (-0.38 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.10) and in the long-term (-1.51 95% CI: -2.72 to -0.30). Patients receiving reminders were less likely to miss their appointments with a relative risk of (0.39 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.70) and less likely to develop white spot lesions (0.45 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.65). There is moderate-to-high quality of evidence that reminders have a positive effect on OH and adherence to appointments in orthodontic patients. These effects were demonstrated in the short- and long-term. Future high-quality RCTs should be designed with longer follow-up periods. PROSPERO (CRD42017084479). None.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-08-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-01-2021
Abstract: Different genes and loci that are associated with non-syndromic developmental tooth agenesis (TA) have the same causation pathway in the development of tumours including breast cancer (BC), epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC). To assess the link between TA and the development of cancer. This registered review included a comprehensive search of electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline via Ovid) until 1 April 2020, supplemented by manual, grey literature and reference lists search. There was no restriction in term of date of publication, gender, race or type of hypodontia. The primary outcome was the relationship between TA and cancer. The secondary outcome was to identify the genetic correlation between TA and cancer. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and induplicate by two reviewers, with disputes resolved by a third reviewer. Eight studies with a moderate-high risk of bias were included in the final review, with a total of 5821 participants. Due to the heterogeneity among the included studies, the data were presented narratively. Limited studies reported a high prevalence of EOC (19.2%–20%) and CRC (82%–100%) in in iduals with TA (depending on the study) compared to those without TA (3% for EOC and 0% for CRC). While others reported a weak correlation between EOC and CRC and TA ( P 0.05). Weak evidence suggested a strong correlation between breast, cervical uterine and prostate cancers and TA ( P 0.05). Though low-quality evidence suggests a link between TA and cancer, it was not possible to verify that TA can hold a predictive value as a marker for cancers. Further research is needed to confirm the association. PROSPERO (CRD42020139751).
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-07-2019
Abstract: Clear reporting of the abstracts of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) facilitates the assessment and identification of such trials. To assess whether authors in the orthodontic field of research currently report RCT abstracts adequately, as defined by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. An observational retrospective study. Electronic searches with supplementary hand searching were undertaken to identify RCTs published in (1) American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ( AJO-DO), (2) Angle Orthodontist ( AO), (3) European Journal of Orthodontics ( EJO) and (4) Journal of Orthodontics ( JO) for the period from January 2012 to December 2017. The completeness of the abstract reporting was evaluated using a modified CONSORT for abstract statement checklist. A total of 3678 articles were retrieved, but only 224 RCT abstracts were identified and assessed. A high volume of RCTs were published with either the AO (39%) or AJO-DO (32%) the majority of the RCT abstracts (93.6%) were structured. The mean overall abstract reporting quality score was 69.1% (95% confidence interval = 67.5–70.7). In relation to in idual quality items, the majority of the RCT abstracts (range = 96–100%) demonstrated clear reporting of the author/contact details, trial design, participants, interventions, objectives, outcomes, number of participants randomised to each group, recruitment, results and conclusions. However, reporting of the title, trial registration, funding and number of analysed participants were only moderately adequate and reporting of the assessment of blinding and adverse events were the least-reported items in the identified abstracts. As several CONSORT reporting items were poorly reported, it is the responsibility of authors, referees and editors alike to ensure that the CONSORT guidelines are followed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOMS.2015.05.008
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgical correction of facial asymmetry and maxillary hypoplasia on the magnitude and pattern of facial expressions. This study was carried out on 2 cohorts of patients: in group 1, 10 patients had surgical correction of facial asymmetry in group 2, 13 patients had Le Fort I osteotomy to correct maxillary hypoplasia. The patients were asked to perform 3 facial expressions (maximal smile, lip purse, and cheek puff) that were recorded using the Di4D image-capture system before and after surgery. The capture of each expression generated 180 3-dimensional (3D) facial images. Twenty-seven facial soft tissue landmarks were digitized on the first frame of the 3D image of each expression and a mathematical generic mesh was applied on the 3D model to clone each patient's face. The cloned mesh was superimposed automatically on each sequence of the 3D images to evaluate the pattern of facial expressions. The digitization of facial landmarks was satisfactorily accurate and reproducible. In group 1, the asymmetry of facial expressions was significantly decreased after surgical correction (P = .0458). In group 2, Le Fort I osteotomy decreased the magnitude of facial expressions (P = .0267). This study confirmed that orthognathic surgery affects the dynamics of facial expressions this should be considered when planning the surgery and informing patients about the surgical correction of dentofacial deformities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-06-2015
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2015
Abstract: This study applies recent advances in 3D virtual imaging for application in the prediction planning of dentofacial deformities. Stereo-photogrammetry has been used to create virtual and physical models, which are creatively combined in planning the surgical correction of anterior open bite. The application of these novel methods is demonstrated through the surgical correction of a case.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-03-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-09-2018
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-07-2015
DOI: 10.12968/ORTU.2015.8.3.92
Abstract: Transpalatal arches (TPAs) are widely used in clinical orthodontics. The versatility of the TPA makes it an extremely useful adjunct to both conventional and contemporary fixed appliance treatment. This paper describes the history, the variety of designs and the clinical steps and laboratory methods for TPA construction. The range of clinical applications of the TPA are presented using a series of cases. Clinical Relevance: The TPA is widely used in clinical orthodontics but published information is scarce with no review article having been published to date.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12909-022-03557-7
Abstract: Properly designed and implemented eLearning can lead to improvement of dental teaching quality. Various strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of eLearning in dental education, however, there is a lack of research to assess the effectiveness of these strategies. To investigate dental students’ learning performance and perception of a virtual flipped learning format compared to a virtual traditional learning method. A crossover pilot study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, Princes Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Computer-generated randomization, blinded from researchers who analyzed the results, was performed to allocate 32 participants (aged 23.27 ± 0.86 years) to one of two groups. Participants in the control group were taught through the virtual traditional learning method (VTL) using live video lectures. In contrast, participants in the intervention group were taught through the virtual flipped learning method (VFL) using recorded online lectures and post-lecture virtual discussions. Learning gain and preference were measured by pre- and post-test average score differences and a modified validated survey, respectively. There was no significant difference in learning performance between VFL and VTL groups ( P 0.05). However, students preferred VFL over VTL and the differences were significant among all survey items, except for the opportunity to ask questions. Health professions educators are encouraged to carefully design online curricula with efficient learning strategies that help students improve learning performance and foster self-directed learning skills while valuing active learning in an online environment. NCT04692142 , 31/12/2020.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-02-2017
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJW073
Abstract: Various factors have been examined in the literature in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of root resorption. The purpose of the present investigation is to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in relation to force level using gradually increasing (ascending) and decreasing (descending) orthodontic force generated by magnets on the severity of Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Iatrogenic Root Resorption (OIIRR) and amount of tooth movement. Twenty maxillary first premolars from 10 patients were subjected to ascending (25-225 g, magnets in attraction) and descending (225 to 25 g, magnets in repulsion) buccal forces using a split mouth design over an 8-week period. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were taken at week 0, 4, and 8 to record the tooth movement. After 8 weeks, the teeth were extracted, scanned, with micro-CT in 16.9 µm resolution, and the root resorption craters were localized circumferentially and quantified at each level of the root. The total volume of OIIRR with ascending force was 1.20 mm3, and with descending force was 1.25 mm3, and there was no statistically significant difference between them. OIIRR on the palatal surface (0.012 mm3) was significantly less than on the buccal surface (0.057 mm3) and than on the mesial surface (0.035 mm3). There is no statistically significant difference in the degree of OIIRR between different level of the root (cervical, middle, and apical) at different surfaces. Moreover, the amount of tooth movement, at 0-, 4-, and 8-week interval, secondary to an ascending and descending force application was not statistically significant. There is no short-term (8 weeks) statistically significant difference between orthodontic ascending and descending forces, from 25 to 225 g and from 225 to 25 g, respectively, in term of severity and location of OIIRR as well as the amount of tooth movement. The buccal surface of the root showed highest degree of OIIRR compared to other root's surfaces.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-05-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14653125221099038
Abstract: To assess the effects of mini-implant assisted micro-osteoperforations (MI-MOPs) in the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth, and to explore the intervention’s associated pain perception (PP) and root resorption (RR) in adults treated by fixed appliance. Multicentre, two-arm and single-blinded randomised clinical trial. College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Adolescents (mean age = 18.97 years) undergoing non-extraction orthodontic therapy for the management of mandibular anterior crowding. A total of 33 participants (mean age = 18.97 years) undergoing non-extraction orthodontic therapy for the management of moderate mandibular anterior crowding were allocated to the experimental (MI-MOPs, n = 17) or control groups (non-MI-MOPs, n = 16). A series of lower study models were obtained at week 4 (T1), week 8 (T2) and week 12 (T3) in the MI-MOPs group and continued to week 16 (T4) and week 20 (T5) in the non-MI-MOPs group, with all models analysed digitally. Periapical radiographs (PA) were taken before commencing treatment (T0) and T3. Participants were asked to complete a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) daily during the first week of treatment. At T0, the mean Little irregularity index (LII) was 5.1 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.95–5.23) with no statistically significant difference between groups ( P = 0.766). At T1, T2 and T3, t-test showed statistically significant differences in the LII ( P 0.05) in favour of the MI-MOPs group mean differences (MD) were −1.16mm (95% CI = −1.36 to −0.96), −1.77 mm (95% CI = −1.93 to −1.59) and −1.58 mm (95% CI = −1.67 to −1.48), respectively. Mean treatment time from baseline to final alignment was 10.41 weeks (95% CI = 9.92–10.89) in the MI-MOPs group and 16.62 weeks (95% CI = 16.11–17.13) in the non-MI-MOPs groups, which was statistically significant (MD −6.21 mm, 95% CI = −6.88 to −5.53, P 0.05). Conversely, Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant differences in terms of PP and RR between the groups ( P 0.05). The participants in the MI-MOPs group experienced a higher degree of RR ( P 0.05) secondary to intervention. No other significant adverse events were reported during the trial. This trial found that combining MI-MOPs with non-extraction-based fixed orthodontic therapy in adults mildly shortens the duration of the alignment phase. RR should be monitored throughout the treatment when using MI-MOPs (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04778241).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOMS.2015.06.172
Abstract: The literature discussing the impact of a single Le Fort I osteotomy on nasopharyngeal airways is limited. This study assessed the volumetric changes in the nasopharyngeal airway after a single Le Fort I osteotomy and explored the correlation between these changes and 3-dimensional surgical movements of the upper jaw. This retrospective study was conducted in 40 patients who had undergone a single Le Fort I (maxillary advancement with or without impaction) to correct Class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia. Preoperative (T1) and 6-month postoperative (T2) cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of these patients were used for analysis. Maxillary surgical movements and volumetric changes in the nasopharyngeal airway were measured. The reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated using paired t tests and intraclass correlation coefficients. The Wilcoxon test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied to evaluate the volumetric changes in the nasopharyngeal airway space and assess the correlations of these changes to the maxillary surgical movements. Six patients were excluded from the study owing to major differences (>5°) in their head and neck posture between the T1 and T2 CBCT scans. The errors of the repeated measurements were insignificant (P > .05), with a high level of agreement (r = 0.99 P < .05) between the repeated digitization of the landmarks. There was a statistically significant impact of a Le Fort I osteotomy on the right maxillary sinus (decreased by 17.8%) and the lower retropalatal space (expanded by 17.3% P < .05). The correlation between the change in airway volume and the magnitude of surgical maxillary movements was moderate (r = .4). Similarly, there was a moderate correlation between changes in the upper nasopharynx and those in the hypopharynx. The single Le Fort I osteotomy was found to increase the retroglossal airway volume. This could be important for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with maxillary deficiency. A long-term follow-up assessment of a larger s le with a functional assessment of airway would be beneficial to confirm these findings.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-25803/V1
Abstract: Background: The advent of electronic teaching facilities opened doors towards a better tutor-student communication. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of phone-based ARS (PB-ARS) using text- and multimedia-based questions on information retention by male dental undergraduate students and to explore the students’ perception and acceptance of ARS. Methods: A cross-over clustered randomised control trial was conducted at the College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University/Alkharj/ Saudi Arabia. Students were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 or G2) using computer generated randomization. During the first intervention (lecture 1), G1 received ARS assisted lecture and G2 acts as a control group, then crossed over during the second intervention (lecture 2). Data for short- and long-term information retention were treated on intention to treat analysis basis and tested using Mann–Whitney U and t-test in addition to qualitative assessment of students’ perception and acceptance. Results : The results showed marginal improvements in short and long term retention of information in addition to positive attitude of students towards the ARS system. 87.5% of students in ARS group showed an improvement in their quiz score compared to 79.3% for control group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion : the ARS system could be considered as an adjunctive teaching method to improve on information retention and interest in Orthodontics taught materials.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 03-08-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-25803/V2
Abstract: Background: The advent of electronic teaching facilities improved tutor-student communication. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Phone-Based Audience Response System (PB-ARS), as an adjunctive and interactive model to traditional pedagogy, on the retention of information by undergraduate dental students and to explore the students’ perception and acceptance of PB-ARS. Methods: This cross-over clustered randomised control trial was conducted with 34 final year undergraduate dental students, who were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 and G2) using computer-generated randomisation. Both groups simultaneously attended two different traditional lectures a week apart (L 1 and L2). During L1, PB-ARS was used as an adjunct to conventional presentation to teach G1 participants (PB-ARS group). In contrast, G2’s participants acted as a control group (CG), and they were taught using the traditional presentation. In the second week (L2), the interventions were crossed. Participants from both groups completed pre- and post-lecture multiple-choice questions (MCQ) to assess short-term retention of information. They also filled post-lecture questionaries' to determine their perceptions of teaching delivery. Their performance in the final MCQ exam (10 weeks following L2) were used assess the long-term recall of the obtained knowledge. Results : 29 and 31 participants from the CG and PB-ARS group completed this trial, respectively. Although 87.5% of students in PB-ARS group showed an improvement in their post-lecture scores compared to 79.3% for CG, it was statistically insignificant. Similarly, the intervention showed an insignificant effect on the long-term retention of the knowledge.There was a mildly favourable attitude of students to the PB-ARS system however, the difference in the overall rate of the level of satisfaction in both was statistically insignificant. Conclusion : PB-ARS system has a minimal insignificant effect on short- and long term retention of knowledge of the undergraduate dental students, though it was a slightly more preferred adjunct to conventional classroom teaching. Due to the limitation of this trial, a long-term randomised controlled trial with a larger s le size is recommended.
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-10-2014
DOI: 10.12968/ORTU.2014.7.4.114
Abstract: Advances in orthodontic technology, especially those that address the aesthetic problem of metal or visible braces, have boosted the demand for adult orthodontics. Dental clinicians should be familiar with the advantages and limitations of the new aesthetic appliances coming onto the market. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the advances and different treatment modalities is the responsibility of both the GDP and the specialist orthodontist so that they can convey the relevant information to patients.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-09-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14653125221124622
Abstract: To assess technical factors and audience preferences before attending orthodontic online learning activity, the demand for which increased dramatically in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study. Online survey. Global orthodontic residents and specialists. A validated and anonymous survey comprising 17 online questions was sent to 3000 in iduals. The data were collected three months later. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were applied. The participants’ response rate was 19.9%, with almost equal gender participation. Most of the responders were based in Asia (51.4%). Almost half of the participants were aged 25–35 years with less than 5 years of clinical experience. Regardless of the age, gender or global distribution, 57.3% of respondents opted to share limited personal information with the host. One-third of the respondents preferred receiving webinar reminders via email, ideally a day and/or one hour before the webinar, especially being exportable to their calendars. Age played a major role in shaping this trend, as young participants favoured the one hour (1-h) pre-webinar reminder more than other age groups ( P=0.02). Receiving information about the speaker, learning outcomes and pre-webinar reading material (WRM) were preferable, particularly among young participants in comparison with the older age groups ( P .05). Male participants from Asia and Africa preferred to attend online lectures during the mid-evening on weekends compared with women who were in favour of early evening sessions ( P .05). It must be borne in mind during the interpretation of the results that the data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to take into consideration the gender, age, cultural background and level of experience while setting up virtual orthodontic learning sessions. Organisers need to tailor their events to meet the needs of the attendees.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S40510-019-0290-0
Abstract: The aim of this prospective case series study is to assess the three-dimensional (3D) skeletal and soft tissue effects of the alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) protocol in conjunction with a miniscrew-supported class III elastic wear in class III growing patients. Fourteen consecutive participants (mean age 12.05 ± 1.09 years), who displayed class III malocclusions with retrognathic maxillae, were recruited. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was acquired before commencing treatment (T1). All participants were treated with a tooth-bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (hybrid MARME) appliance that was activated by the Alt-RAMEC protocol for 9 weeks. This was followed by full-time class III elastics, delivering 400 g/side, to protract the maxilla. When a positive overjet was achieved, protraction was ceased and a post-treatment CBCT scan (T2) was taken. The 3D analysis of pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans was blinded. The scans were registered on the anterior cranial base. The Euclidean distance between the two extracted surface models of the pre- and post-treatment scans was displayed as a color surface map. All participants completed the intervention successfully. The majority of the participants showed protraction of the anterior maxillary region (71.4%) and in the zygomatic processes (64.2%). The maxilla significantly protracted (SNA 1.87° ± 1.06° Vert.T-A 3.29 ± 1.54 mm), while the mandibular base significantly redirected posteriorly (SNB − 2.03° ± 0.85°, Vert.T-B − 3.43 ± 4.47 mm) and that was reflected on the ANB and Wits measurements. No adverse effects were observed. Class III elastics combined with the Alt-RAMEC activation protocol of the hybrid MARME appliance is an effective treatment method for mild/moderate class III malocclusions. A long-term follow-up and comparisons with other treatment modalities are required.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SURGE.2015.12.006
Abstract: There is limited literature discussing the three dimnesional (3D) impact of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on upper airway. The purpose of this prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study is to assess the immediate 3D effects and to correlate the volumteric changes in the upper naspharyngeal airway spaces secondary to RME. Seventeen participants (8 male, 9 female, with a mean age of 12.6 ± 1.8 years), who required RME for the management of narrow maxillary arch, were recruited for this study. The prescribed expansion regimen was quarter turn (0.25 mm), twice a day until over-expansion was achieved. The mean period for the active phase was 14 days with a range of 12-21 days. Pretreatment (T1) and immediate post-expansion (T2) CBCT images were obtained and then processed using ITK snap and OnDemand3D softwar packages. Paired t-test and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the reproducibility of the measurements, student t-test (P 5 degrees) in the head and neck posture between T1 and T2 CBCT scans, the study' findings shows that bonded RME is an effective dentoalveolar expander in growing patients (P= 0.01) with an average expansion of 3.7 mm and 2.8 mm in males and females respectively. Likewise, the upper nasopharynx (UNP) expanded significantly (15.2% in males and 12% in females). In comparison, the upper retropalatal space (URP) was significantly reduced, by almost one sixth of its original volume, more in males than females, 11.2% and 2.8% respectively. A strong direct correlation between the maxillary sinus volumetric changes, and between appliance expansion and dentoalveolar expansion were evident (PCC = 0.86, 0.75, respectively). There was also a moderate correlation between changes in the UNP and URP spaces. RME was found to be an effective dentoalveolar expander and significantly augment the UNP and minimize the URP space. A similar comparative clinical study with long-term follow-up would be beneficial in accurately deteremining the clinical impact of RME on the airway and breathing as well as the stability of these effects.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-07-2016
DOI: 10.12968/ORTU.2016.9.3.90
Abstract: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is an orthopaedic procedure that utilizes heavy forces to correct transverse maxillary arch discrepancies. There is a substantial body of literature relating to the various designs of RME devices and their clinical indications. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To provide the dental practitioner and orthodontist with evidence-based facts about types, designs and uses of RME appliances and to promote understanding of their biomechanical effects.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-01-2018
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJX093
Abstract: Miniscrews in orthodontics have been mainly used for anchorage without patient compliance in orthodontic treatment. The literature has reported changing failure rates. The aim of this review was to provide a precise estimation of miniscrew failure rate and the possible risk factors of the mechanically-retained miniscrews. Electronic search in database was undertaken up to July 2017 through the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Ovid. Additional searching for on-going and unpublished data, hand search of relevant journals and grey lietraure were also undertaken, authors were contacted, and reference lists screened. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies (PCSs), published in English were obtained, which reported the failure rate of miniscrews, as orthodontic anchorage, with less than 2 mm diameter. Blind and induplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were undertaken in this research. Failure rates and relevant risk factors of miniscrews with the corresponding 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity across the studies was assessed using the I2 and Chi2 test. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed in order to test the robustness of the results in meta-analysis. The 16 RCTs and 30 PCSs were included in this research. Five studies were not included in the meta-analysis due to a lack of the statistical information needed to compute the effect sizes. About 3250 miniscrews from 41 studies were pooled in a random-effect model. The overall failure rate of miniscrews was 13.5 per cent (95% CI 11.5-15.9). Subgroup analysis showed that miniscrews 'diameter, length and design, patient age, and jaw of insertion had minimal effect on rate of miniscrews failure while the type of the gingivae and smoking had statistically significant effect. Miniscrews have an acceptably low failure rate. The findings should be interpreted with caution due to high-level of heterogeneity and unbalanced groups in the included studies. High quality randomized clinical trial with large s le sizes are required to support the findings of this review.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41432-021-0188-9
Abstract: Background Class III malocclusions with maxillary retrognathia are commonly treated with single jaw Le Fort I maxillary advancement. The three-dimensional (3D) effects of surgery on the nasolabial region varies among the clinical studies. Quantifying these changes is of great importance for surgical planning and obtaining valid consent. Objectives To investigate the 3D relationship between soft tissue and skeletal changes secondary to Le Fort I maxillary advancement surgery in skeletal class III patients.Search methods Comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases supplemented by a manual and grey literature search were undertaken from inception to 9 June 2020.Selection criteria Studies that evaluated the 3D soft tissue changes of patients before and after maxillary advancement surgery alone.Data collection and analysis Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with disputes resolved by a third reviewer. A quantitative synthesis of the data was pre-planned for pooling similar outcome measures.Results Four studies were included in the final review and meta-analysis, with a total of 105 patients (mean age 16.7 + 33.9 years). The mean maxillary advancement of the included studies was 5.58 mm (95% CI 5.20-5.96). The sagittal effects of surgery on nose tip projection and prominence were insignificant (P >0.05, two studies) however, subnasal projection (MD 1.7 mm, two studies) and upper lip projection (MD 2.90 mm, four studies) increased significantly in a forward direction after surgery (P <0.05). Le Fort I osteotomy widens the upper philtrum width (MD 0.84 mm, two studies) (P <0.05). Inconsistencies among the included studies were identified therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution.Conclusions There is weak evidence based on quantitative assessments that Le Fort I maxillary advancement significantly affects the nasolabial soft tissue envelope mainly in a sagittal dimension. These changes are concentrated around the central zone of the nasolabial region. Future prospective studies on maxillary advancement osteotomy with a standardised method of assessment, taking into consideration the confounding factors, are required.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-01-2017
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJW085
Abstract: To assess the potential effects of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) on orthodontically induced iatrogenic root resorption (OIIRR) and orthodontic teeth movement. Forty Wistar rats (aged 11 weeks) were randomly ided into experimental group (EG n = 20) that received a diet supplemented with CPP and control group (CG n = 20) devoid of diet supplement. A 150 g force was applied using nickel titanium (NiTi) coil that was bonded on maxillary incisors and extended unilaterally to a maxillary first molar. At Day 28, animals in both groups were euthanized. Volumetric assessment of root resorption craters and linear measurement of maxillary first molars movement were blindly examined using a micro-computed tomography scan. Nine rats were excluded from the experiment due to loss during general anesthesia or appliances' failure. Intra-operator reproducibility was high in both volumetric and linear measurements, 92.8 per cent and 98.5-97.6 per cent, respectively. The results reveal that dietary CPP has statistically insignificant effect on the overall OIIRR and orthodontic movement. CPP seems to have statistically insignificant effect on the volume of OIIRR and orthodontic movement in rats. A long-term study with larger s le size using a different concentration of CPP is required to clarify the dentoalveolar effect of CPP.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-02-2021
Abstract: To identify and evaluate the body of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of surgical adjunctive procedures (SAPs) in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Unrestricted search of three electronic databases and manual search up to 12 June 2020 were undertaken. All systematic reviews of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials that investigate the effectiveness of the SAPs in accelerating OTM were included. Study selection and data extraction were undertaken independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. A random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was generated for comparable outcomes. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included studies using AMSTAR2 and GRADE. Fourteen systematic reviews were included however, four systematic reviews were assessed quantitatively. Meta-analysis showed that mean difference (MD) of canine retraction rate, for the first month after SAPs, was mild (MD = 0.65 mm/month). Compared to control, micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) statistically but temporally accelerate lower canine retraction and en masse retraction by 0.25 mm/month and 0.31 mm/month, respectively. There was no significant effect ( P .05) in terms of molar anchorage loss (MAL) between control and MOP groups. Piezocision non-significantly shortens the duration of en masse retraction (4.30 months, P .05), but significantly shortens incisors retraction (101.64 days, P .001). MAL is mild but significantly less in the piezocision group compared to the control group (MD = 0.53 mm, P=0.03). Low-level evidence showed that SAPs have no significant effect on root resorption or periodontal health however, piezocision is associated with transient acute inflammation and noticeable scars. Low-level evidence concludes that SAPs accelerate OTMs and reduce treatment duration, but the acceleration is minor and transient. The effect on anchorage loss is variable and technique related. Side effects of SAPs are transient, but some might be aesthetically noticeable. A cost-benefit analysis of SAPs should be considered while making the treatment decision.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-05-2023
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJAD018
Abstract: This was a randomized, controlled trial designed to compare outcomes between the use of dental and skeletal anchorage, using the Face mask/Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Contraction (FM/Alt-RAMEC) protocol. The study was carried out at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta and included prepubertal skeletal Class III malocclusion patients where the aetiology was primarily maxillary hypoplasia. Two groups were assigned. Group I was treated with FM/Alt-RAMEC and group II was treated with skeletally anchored FM/Alt-RAMEC. Wear-time (WT) of the FM was monitored using TheraMon microsensors. Patients were instructed to wear the FM for 12–14 hours/day for 9 months. Changes were evaluated with lateral cephalograms and analysed with Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests. ANOVA was used to analyse the effect of gender on compliance parameters. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between compliance and skeletal changes. To compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in patients treated with these two protocols. The primary outcome was to assess skeletal and dentoalveolar outcomes in patients treated with skeletally anchored FM/RME and tooth-borne FM/RME utilizing Alt-RAMEC protocol. The secondary outcome was compliance rate and adherence to FM wear among patients. Randomizer software and the sealed envelope technique were used to randomly allocate patients 1:1 into either group I (tooth-borne FM/Alt-RAMEC) or group II (skeletally anchored FM/Alt-RAMEC). It was not possible to blind to treatment allocation, but blinding was used when assessing the outcomes. Numbers randomized and analysed. Thirty-five patients were allocated. Group I consisted of 18 subjects and group II consisted of 17 subjects. One patient in group I dropped out due to illness, so 17 subjects in each group completed the study. Post-treatment changes in group I showed significant increases in SNA (2.10°), ANB (3.90°), Wits (4.70 mm), and overjet (5.40 mm). Group II showed significant increases in ANB (3.10°), Wits (3.20 mm), and overjet (4.50 mm). Wearing time for group I patients was 7.87 ± 2.88 hours/day and for group II was 6.98 ± 2.68 hours/day, with no significant difference between the groups. Lack of long-term follow-up post-treatment, making the conclusion applicable only in the short term. No harm was observed in both groups Despite the large difference between the measured and the patient-reported daily WT, both tooth-borne and skeletally anchored FM/Alt-RAMEC showed positive, similar, skeletal and dental effects. ISRCTN12197405.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-10-2018
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1508742
Abstract: Anchorage in orthodontics can be provided through several extra- and intra-oral sources including headgear, teeth, cortical bone and soft tissue. The aim of this review was to systematically review the effectiveness of miniscrews in reinforcing anchorage during en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in comparison to conventional anchorage appliances. Search method: Comprehensive searching of the electronic databases was undertaken up to March 2018 in the Cochrane Database of Systematic review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus databases. Additional searching for on-going and unpublished data and hand search of relevant journals were also undertaken, authors were contacted, and reference lists screened. Eligibility criteria: Searches were restricted to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English, which compared anchorage reinforcement using mechanically-retained miniscrews (diameter of 2 mm or less) to conventional anchorage appliances during en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in participants of any age treated with fixed appliances combined with extraction of maxillary premolars. Blind and induplicate study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were undertaken. The primary outcome was the amount of mesial movement of the upper first permanent molar (anchorage loss) while secondary outcomes included treatment duration, number of visits, adverse effects and patient-centered outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random-effects model with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were generated for comparable outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity across the studies were assessed using the I Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria, however, data of 241 participants from 6 RCTs (250 miniscrews and 134 conventional anchorage appliances) were meta-analyzed. Qualities of the included RCTs varied from low to high. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of the anchrage loss between the two intervention groups was 2.07 mm ((95% CI (-3.05) to (-1.08), p < .001, I The result of the meta-analysis suggested that there is moderate quality of evidence that miniscrews are clinically and statistically more effective in preserving orthodontic anchorage than conventional appliances. However, this conclusion is supported by a small number of studies with variable qualities. High-quality RCTs would give a better understanding of miniscrews effectiveness in providing orthodontic anchorage.
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-04-2016
DOI: 10.12968/ORTU.2016.9.2.42
Abstract: Maxillary molar distalization has been used in orthodontics for over 100 years. This technique has been used to gain space in the maxillary arch for relief of crowding, correction of a Class II molar relationship and reduction of an increased overjet. A plethora of appliances have been developed over the years with each having advantages and disadvantages. This article details the indications and contra-indications for maxillary molar distalization and details the various appliances that are available to clinicians, presenting the available evidence supporting the use of these various appliances. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be familiar with the clinical indications for maxillary molar distalization, the potential unwanted effects and how these can be minimized. Clinicians should also appreciate how molar distalization can be incorporated with other aspects of orthodontic care.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-09-2018
DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1518187
Abstract: To establish the effectiveness of Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction combined with Protraction Facial Mask (Alt-RAMEC/PFM) approach in treating Class III growing patients compared with PFM combined with conventional Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME/PFM). Search sources: Unrestricted search in five electronic databases and manual searching were undertaken up to February 2018. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of Alt-RAMEC/PFM were selected. Screening of references, data extraction and assessment of bias risk were evaluated independently by two reviewers. Five RCTs comparing the Alt-RAMEC/PFM with RME/PFM met the inclusion criteria. Small but statistically significant mean differences favouring Alt-RAMEC/PFM protocol as measured by SNA angle (1.16° 95% CI 0.65 to 1.66), SNB angle (0.67° 95% CI 0.32 to 1.02) and ANB angle (0.66° 95% CI 0.08 to 1.25) were noted. Alt-RAMEC/PFM exhibited a more favourable overjet correction when compared to RME/PFM, however, differences in other dental changes were insignificant. There is limited evidence with high risk of bias that Alt-RAMEC/PFM can result in a statistically significant increase in maxillary protraction compared with RME/PFM in Chinese subjects over the short-term. High-quality long-term RCTs with inclusion of patient-reported outcomes are required.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-06-2019
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-07-2014
DOI: 10.12968/ORTU.2014.7.3.89
Abstract: Adult orthodontic demand in the UK has increased significantly in both private and National Health Service sectors, the reason being improvement in the availability of orthodontic services and an increased patient awareness towards orthodontics in particular the desire for adults to have an aesthetic smile. There is also the role of orthodontics as an adjunct to restorative, periodontal and orthognathic treatment. Clinical Relevance: Successful orthodontic treatment of adults depends on an understanding of the biological, mechanical, psychological and aesthetic needs of adult patients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/OCR.12210
Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of nickel titanium closing springs (NiTi-CS) and elastomeric power chains (EPC) in orthodontic space closure and to assess the adverse periodontal effects, cost efficiency and patient-centred outcomes between both of these methods. An electronic search of online databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS and Web of Science), reference lists and grey literature as well as hand search were conducted without language restriction up to November/2017. Two authors blindly and in duplicate were involved in study selection, quality assessment and the extraction of data. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. 95% confidence intervals and mean difference for continuous data were calculated. A meta-analysis that generated a random-effect model for the comparable outcomes was conducted, and heterogeneity was measured using I Of 187 records, 4 RCTs met the criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis featuring 290 test quadrants. Faster space closure with NiTi-CS was observed with a mean difference of (0.20 mm/month, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.28). Loss of anchorage appears to be similar within both groups when synthesized qualitatively. With exception to anchorage loss, secondary outcomes could not be investigated in the included trials. There is a moderate quality of evidence suggesting a faster orthodontic space closure with the NiTi-CS when compared to EPC. A comparable amount of anchorage loss was observed regardless of the utilized method of space closure. Further high-quality RCTs with parallel-groups, reporting on the adverse effects and patient-centred values, are recommended.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12909-020-02363-3
Abstract: The advent of electronic teaching facilities improves tutor-student communication. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Phone-Based Audience Response System (PB-ARS), as an adjunctive pedagogy tool to enhance the retention of orthodontic information by dental students and to explore the students’ perception of PB-ARS. This cross-over clustered randomised control trial included 34 males who were in the final year of their undergraduate dental training. Participants were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 and G2) using computer-generated randomisation. Both groups simultaneously attended two different traditional lectures (L 1 and L2) a week apart. During L1, PB-ARS was used as an adjunct to conventional presentation to teach G1 participants, (PB-ARS group) while G2’s participants acted as a control group (CG), and were taught using a traditional presentation. In the second week (L2), the interventions were crossed-over. Participants from both groups completed pre- and post-lecture multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQ) to assess their short-term retention of information. Their performance in the final MCQ exam (10 weeks following L2) was tracked to assess the long-term retention of the information. Participants also completed post-lecture questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions. Twenty-nine and 31 participants from the CG and PB-ARS group completed this trial, respectively. Although 87.5% of students in the PB-ARS group showed an improvement in their immediate post-lecture scores compared with 79.3% for the CG, it was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.465). Similarly, the intervention showed an insignificant effect on the long-term retention of the knowledge ( p = 0.560). There was a mildly but favourable attitude of students towards the use of PB-ARS. However, the difference in the overall level of satisfaction between both groups was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.183). PB-ARS has a minimal and insignificant effect on the short- and long-term retention of orthodontic knowledge by male undergraduate dental students. PB-ARS was the preferred adjunct tool to conventional classroom teaching. Due to the limitations of this trial, a long-term randomised controlled trial with a larger s le size is recommended.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40510-021-00390-4
Abstract: Understanding the issues concerning the conducting of virtual orthodontic learning sessions (VOLSs) is essential. This study aims to identify attendees- and host-related aspects that could optimise learning and uptake from the VOLSs. Fourteen pre-validated questions were anonymously and electronically sent to 3000 orthodontic residents and specialists globally. The survey included demographic questions and questions to gauge attendees' engagement, memorising, and motivation-related factors. Reminders were sent at two-week intervals to non-respondents. The survey was closed when the s le size was met. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. 593 orthodontic residents and specialists (294 males and 299 females), primarily junior orthodontists and residents aged between 25 and 35 years of age, completed the survey. Post-VOLS recording was highly requested by the participants (8.84/10, 95% CI 8.67–9.00) with no significant influence of demographics on this trend ( p 0.05). Most of the participants were in favour of short post-VOLSs feedback (6.79/10 95% CI 6.58–6.99) with significant differences ( p = 0.048) between participants from different regions of the world. The average number of screenshots taken was 6.1 per lecture. The learners’ interests in attending on-line lectures were mainly to learn new clinical orthodontic tips (96.8%). Implementing a short feedback survey after VOLSs, the provision of recording, and the provision of certificates of attendance need to be considered.
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 02-01-2016
DOI: 10.12968/DENU.2016.43.1.74
Abstract: Extra-oral appliances are used in orthodontics to apply forces to the jaws, dentition or both and the popularity of these appliances is cyclical. Although the use of retraction headgear for the management of Class II malocclusion has declined over the last 20 years with the refinement of non-compliance approaches, including temporary anchorage devices, headgear still has a useful role in orthodontics. The use of protraction headgear has increased as more evidence of its effectiveness for the treatment of Class III malocclusion has become available. This paper describes the mechanics and contemporary uses of headgear in orthodontics for primary care dentists and specialist orthodontists. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Extra-oral appliances have specific uses in orthodontic biomechanics. Clinicians using retraction headgear and protraction headgear should be familiar with their clinical indications, the potential problems and how these can be avoided.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2018
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the effect of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate supplements on condylar remodelling in conjunction with bite-jumping functional appliance therapy in rats. The study involved 140 three-week-old, female rats which were ided into a control group (CG), a supplementation group (SG), a functional appliance (bite-jumping) group (FG) and a bite-jumping appliance and supplement recipient group (FSG). The animals were sacrificed at Day 0, Day 7 and at Day 21 after appliance placement, as well as seven days following appliance removal. The condylar head from each animal was blindly scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Qualitative evaluation and volumetric measurements of the condyles, including total condylar volume (TCoV), posterior condylar volume (PCoV), total cartilage volume (TCaV) and posterior cartilage volume (PCaV), were undertaken using VGStudioMax software. One hundred and thirty-five rats were analysed, some of which responded to the intervention with a protruded bite (Class III response) while others responded with a retruded bite (Class II response). The TCoV and PCoV of the CG decreased during the experimental period. The functional appliance alone and the combination of the functional appliance with the supplement had a significant effect on TCoV and PCoV over the intervention period ( p 0.01), peaking at Day 7. There was no statistically significant difference in TCaV between animals that experienced Class II and Class III bite responses at Days 21 and 28 ( p 0.05). However, at Day 21, the PCaV increased significantly in those animals which displayed a Class II bite response ( p 0.05). The shape of the condyles in FG and FSG varied significantly from that of the condyles in CG and SG. Supplement therapy was found to enhance the normal biological response to functional appliance therapy in a rat model, particularly after the functional appliance was removed. Further research using an immuno-histochemical analysis of a modified bite-jumping appliance and improved food delivery is recommended.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Arab Emirates
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Mohammed Almuzian.