ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5708-9729
Current Organisation
USDA Agricultural Research Service
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-023-36674-Y
Abstract: Human activity impacts the evolutionary trajectories of many species worldwide. Global trade of agricultural goods contributes to the dispersal of pathogens reshaping their genetic makeup and providing opportunities for virulence gains. Understanding how pathogens surmount control strategies and cope with new climates is crucial to predicting the future impact of crop pathogens. Here, we address this by assembling a global thousand-genome panel of Zymoseptoria tritici , a major fungal pathogen of wheat reported in all production areas worldwide. We identify the global invasion routes and ongoing genetic exchange of the pathogen among wheat-growing regions. We find that the global expansion was accompanied by increased activity of transposable elements and weakened genomic defenses. Finally, we find significant standing variation for adaptation to new climates encountered during the global spread. Our work shows how large population genomic panels enable deep insights into the evolutionary trajectory of a major crop pathogen.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-09-2019
DOI: 10.3390/SU11195385
Abstract: Since the energy crisis in the 1960s, crucial research and activities were spurred to improve energy efficiency and decrease environmental pollution. To deal with the various problems the construction industry are facing, the concept of green buildings (GBs) has been gradually shaped and put forward all over the world, and green building rating systems (GBRSs) have been developed. The concept of GBs covers a wide range of elements, and its definition is constantly updated as the construction industry develops. This paper compares the development of backgrounds and statuses of green building development in various countries. It also presents an overview of the green building development situation within these countries, summarizing two influences for GB development: one external and the other internal. External factors include GB development policy support, economic benefits, and certification schemes. Internal factors are the development and application of GB technology, the level of building management, and how users interact with the GB technology. Currently, 49 worldwide green building standards and application have been sorted out, including 18 standard expert appraisal systems. Moreover, it discusses the research results and lessons learned from green building projects in different countries and summarizes their achievements and challenges. To correctly understand and use green building technology, it is essential to improve the policy and incentive system, improve the professional quality and technical ability of employees and accredited consultants, constantly develop and update the evaluation system, strengthen technological innovation, and integrate design and management. This paper aims to draw a clear roadmap for national standard development, policy formulation, and construction design companies, provide solutions to remove the obstacles, and suggest research direction for future studies.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2013
Abstract: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus causal to the disease tan spot of wheat, whose contribution to crop loss has increased significantly during the last few decades. Pathogenicity by this fungus is attributed to the production of host-selective toxins (HST), which are recognized by their host in a genotype-specific manner. To better understand the mechanisms that have led to the increase in disease incidence related to this pathogen, we sequenced the genomes of three P. tritici-repentis isolates. A pathogenic isolate that produces two known HSTs was used to assemble a reference nuclear genome of approximately 40 Mb composed of 11 chromosomes that encode 12,141 predicted genes. Comparison of the reference genome with those of a pathogenic isolate that produces a third HST, and a nonpathogenic isolate, showed the nonpathogen genome to be more erged than those of the two pathogens. Examination of gene-coding regions has provided candidate pathogen-specific proteins and revealed gene families that may play a role in a necrotrophic lifestyle. Analysis of transposable elements suggests that their presence in the genome of pathogenic isolates contributes to the creation of novel genes, effector ersification, possible horizontal gene transfer events, identified copy number variation, and the first ex le of transduplication by DNA transposable elements in fungi. Overall, comparative analysis of these genomes provides evidence that pathogenicity in this species arose through an influx of transposable elements, which created a genetically flexible landscape that can easily respond to environmental changes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2009.02746.X
Abstract: This article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agalinis acuta Ambrosia artemisiifolia Berula erecta Casuarius casuarius Cercospora zeae-maydis Chorthippus parallelus Conyza canadensis Cotesia sesamiae Epinephelus acanthistius Ficedula hypoleuca Grindelia hirsutula Guadua angustifolia Leucadendron rubrum Maritrema novaezealandensis Meretrix meretrix Nilaparvata lugens Oxyeleotris marmoratus Phoxinus neogaeus Pristomyrmex punctatus Pseudobagrus brevicorpus Seiridium cardinale Stenopsyche marmorata Tetranychus evansi and Xerus inauris. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Agalinis decemloba Agalinis tenella Agalinis obtusifolia Agalinis setacea Agalinis skinneriana Cercospora zeina Cercospora kikuchii Cercospora sorghi Mycosphaerella graminicola Setosphaeria turcica Magnaporthe oryzae Cotesia flavipes Cotesia marginiventris Grindelia Xpaludosa Grindelia chiloensis Grindelia fastigiata Grindelia lanceolata Grindelia squarrosa Leucadendron coniferum Leucadendron salicifolium Leucadendron tinctum Leucadendron meridianum Laodelphax striatellus Sogatella furcifera Phoxinus eos Phoxinus rigidus Phoxinus brevispinosus Phoxinus bicolor Tetranychus urticae Tetranychus turkestani Tetranychus ludeni Tetranychus neocaledonicus Tetranychus amicus Amphitetranychus viennensis Eotetranychus rubiphilus Eotetranychus tiliarium Oligonychus perseae Panonychus citri Bryobia rubrioculus Schizonobia bundi Petrobia harti Xerus princeps Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and Sciurus carolinensis.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-11-2022
Abstract: Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating collaboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address challenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat production can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS1189
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 02-03-2015
Abstract: Some of the most damaging tree diseases are caused by pathogens that induce cankers, a stem deformation often lethal. To investigate the cause of this adaptation, we sequenced the genomes of poplar pathogens that do and do not cause cankers. We found a unique cluster of genes that produce secondary metabolites and are co-activated when the canker pathogen is grown on poplar wood and leaves. The gene genealogy is discordant with the species phylogeny, showing a signature of horizontal transfer from fungi associated with wood decay. Furthermore, genes encoding hemicellulose-degrading enzymes are up-regulated on poplar wood chips, with some having been acquired horizontally. We propose that adaptation to colonize poplar woody stems is the result of acquisition of these genes.
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Stephen Goodwin.