ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6308-6014
Current Organisations
University of Southampton
,
University College London
,
University of Cambridge
,
University Hospitals Southampton
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Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 19-04-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-06-2013
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYT086
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13195-021-00895-4
Abstract: We envisage the development of new Brain Health Services to achieve primary and secondary dementia prevention. These services will complement existing memory clinics by targeting cognitively unimpaired in iduals, where the focus is on risk profiling and personalized risk reduction interventions rather than diagnosing and treating late-stage disease. In this article, we review key potentially modifiable risk factors and genetic risk factors and discuss assessment of risk factors as well as additional fluid and imaging biomarkers that may enhance risk profiling. We then outline multidomain measures and risk profiling and provide practical guidelines for Brain Health Services, with consideration of outstanding uncertainties and challenges. Users of Brain Health Services should undergo risk profiling tailored to their age, level of risk, and availability of local resources. Initial risk assessment should incorporate a multidomain risk profiling measure. For users aged 39–64, we recommend the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) Dementia Risk Score, whereas for users aged 65 and older, we recommend the Brief Dementia Screening Indicator (BDSI) and the Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI). The initial assessment should also include potentially modifiable risk factors including sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors. If resources allow, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging should be conducted. If this initial assessment indicates a low dementia risk, then low intensity interventions can be implemented. If the user has a high dementia risk, additional investigations should be considered if local resources allow. Common variant polygenic risk of late-onset AD can be tested in middle-aged or older adults. Rare variants should only be investigated in users with a family history of early-onset dementia in a first degree relative. Advanced imaging with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) or amyloid PET may be informative in high risk users to clarify the nature and burden of their underlying pathologies. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are not recommended for this setting, and blood-based biomarkers need further validation before clinical use. As new technologies become available, advances in artificial intelligence are likely to improve our ability to combine erse data to further enhance risk profiling. Ultimately, Brain Health Services have the potential to reduce the future burden of dementia through risk profiling, risk communication, personalized risk reduction, and cognitive enhancement interventions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-03-2014
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWU036
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-06-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712001316
Abstract: Stress is thought to exert both positive and negative effects on cognition, but the precise cognitive effects of social stress and in iduals' response to stress remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between different measures of social stress and cognitive function in a middle- to older-aged population using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. Participants completed a comprehensive assessment of lifetime social adversity between 1993 and 1997 and the short form of the Mini Mental State Examination (SF-MMSE), an assessment of global cognitive function, during the third health check between 2004 and 2011 (a median of 10.5 years later). A low MMSE score was defined as a score in the bottom quartile (20–26). Completed MMSE scores and stress measures were available for 5129 participants aged 48–90 years. Participants who reported that their lives had been more stressful over the previous 10 years were significantly more likely to have low MMSE scores [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.24 per unit increase in perceived stress], independently of sociodemographic factors, physical and emotional health. The effects were restricted to the highest level of stress and the association was stronger among participants with a lower educational level. Adaptation following life event experiences also seemed to be associated with MMSE scores after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, but the association was attenuated with further adjustment. In this generally high-functioning population, in iduals' interpretations and responses to stressful events, rather than the events themselves, were associated with cognitive function.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-11-2020
Abstract: Musical instrument playing provides intellectual stimulation, which is hypothesised to generate cognitive reserve that protects against cognitive impairment. Studies to date have classified musicianship as a binary entity. This investigation draws on the dataset of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk study to examine the effect of frequency of playing on later-life cognition. We compared three categorisations of self-reported musical playing frequency in late mid-life (12-month period) against cognitive performance measured after a 4–11 year delay, adjusted for relevant health and social confounders. Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted association between frequency of musical playing and the likelihood of being in the top and bottom cognitive deciles. A total of 5,693 participants (745 musicians) provided data on music playing, cognition and all co-variables. Classification of musicianship by frequency of playing demonstrated key differences in socio-demographic factors. Musicians outperformed non-musicians in cognition generally. Compared with non-musicians, frequent musicians had 80% higher odds of being in the top cognitive decile (OR 1.80 [95% CI 1.19–2.73]), whereas musicians playing at any frequency had 29% higher odds (95% CI 1.03–1.62). There was evidence of a threshold effect, rather than a linear dose–response relationship. This study supports a positive association between late mid-life musical instrument playing and later-life cognition, although causation cannot be assumed. Musicians playing frequently demonstrated the best cognition. ‘Musicians’ are a heterogeneous group and frequency of music playing seems a more informative measure than binary classification. Ideally, this more nuanced measure would be collected for different life course phases.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 14-12-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.13.22283391
Abstract: Sleep disturbance is common following hospitalisation both for COVID-19 and other causes. The clinical associations are poorly understood, despite it altering pathophysiology in other scenarios. We, therefore, investigated whether sleep disturbance is associated with dyspnoea along with relevant mediation pathways. Sleep parameters were assessed in a prospective cohort of patients (n=2,468) hospitalised for COVID-19 in the United Kingdom in 39 centres using both subjective and device-based measures. Results were compared to a matched UK biobank cohort and associations were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. 64% (456/714) of participants reported poor sleep quality 56% felt their sleep quality had deteriorated for at least 1-year following hospitalisation. Compared to the matched cohort, both sleep regularity (44.5 vs 59.2, p .001) and sleep efficiency (85.4% vs 88.5%, p .001) were lower whilst sleep period duration was longer (8.25h vs 7.32h, p .001). Overall sleep quality (effect estimate 4.2 (3.0–5.5)), deterioration in sleep quality following hospitalisation (effect estimate 3.2 (2.0–4.5)), and sleep regularity (effect estimate 5.9 (3.7–8.1)) were associated with both dyspnoea and impaired lung function (FEV 1 and FVC). Depending on the sleep metric, anxiety mediated 13–42% of the effect of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and muscle weakness mediated 29-43% of this effect. Sleep disturbance is associated with dyspnoea, anxiety and muscle weakness following COVID-19 hospitalisation. It could have similar effects for other causes of hospitalisation where sleep disturbance is prevalent. UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLINEPI.2010.11.014
Abstract: To determine whether the full Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale range can be derived from an abbreviated 11-item version that was designed for testing general cognitive function in a cohort where only a small proportion were expected to be severely impaired or demented. Using simple computation and multiple imputation, the properties of the abbreviated MMSE were compared with the full MMSE score using data from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Full MMSE scores can be generated for the abbreviated version by assuming high functioning on excluded items. Of the imputed scores, 88.8% were within 1 point of their true value. When the s le was restricted to in iduals with normal cognitive functioning (MMSE total score ≥ 24/30), 96.7% of in iduals were classified within 1 point of their true total score. The model worked best at predicting cognitive level when cutoff scores were used to classify in iduals into impaired vs. not nonimpaired. Full-scale MMSE scores can be reasonably accurately derived from an 11-item abbreviated version. This reduced version can be applied within other frameworks that require reduced test length but need results that are comparable to studies where the full version has been administered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: American Thoracic Society
Date: 15-03-2023
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-12-2016
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 03-07-2018
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.36354
Abstract: Matrix stiffening with downstream activation of mechanosensitive pathways is strongly implicated in progressive fibrosis however, pathologic changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) that initiate mechano-homeostasis dysregulation are not defined in human disease. By integrated multiscale biomechanical and biological analyses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissue, we identify that increased tissue stiffness is a function of dysregulated post-translational collagen cross-linking rather than any collagen concentration increase whilst at the nanometre-scale collagen fibrils are structurally and functionally abnormal with increased stiffness, reduced swelling ratio, and reduced diameter. In ex vivo and animal models of lung fibrosis, dual inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) 2 and LOXL3 was sufficient to normalise collagen fibrillogenesis, reduce tissue stiffness, and improve lung function in vivo. Thus, in human fibrosis, altered collagen architecture is a key determinant of abnormal ECM structure-function, and inhibition of pyridinoline cross-linking can maintain mechano-homeostasis to limit the self-sustaining effects of ECM on progressive fibrosis.
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Date: 21-07-2021
DOI: 10.1172/JCI148136
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 11-05-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.23289442
Abstract: PHOSP-COVID is a national UK multi-centre cohort study of patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 and subsequently discharged. PHOSP-COVID was established to investigate the medium- and long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation, understand the underlying mechanisms of these sequelae, evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of COVID-19 treatments, and to serve as a platform to enable future studies, including clinical trials. Data collected covered a wide range of physical measures, biological s les, and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Participants could join the cohort either in Tier 1 only with remote data collection using hospital records, a PROMs app and postal saliva s le for DNA, or in Tier 2 where they were invited to attend two specific research visits for further data collection and biological research s ling. These research visits occurred at five (range 2-7) months and 12 (range 10-14) months post-discharge. Participants could also participate in specific nested studies (Tier 3) at selected sites. All participants were asked to consent to further follow-up for 25 years via linkage to their electronic healthcare records and to be re-contacted for further research. In total, 7935 participants were recruited from 83 UK sites: 5238 to Tier 1 and 2697 to Tier 2, between August 2020 and March 2022. Cohort data are held in a Trusted Research Environment and s les stored in a central biobank. Data and s les can be accessed upon request and subject to approvals.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Mark Jones.