ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4642-1196
Current Organisation
University of Aberdeen
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Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJQS-2020-010988
Abstract: Reducing avoidable harm in maternity services is a priority globally. As well as learning from mistakes, it is important to produce rigorous descriptions of ‘what good looks like’. We aimed to characterise features of safety in maternity units and to generate a plain language framework that could be used to guide learning and improvement. We conducted a multisite ethnography involving 401 hours of non-participant observations 33 semistructured interviews with staff across six maternity units, and a stakeholder consultation involving 65 semistructured telephone interviews and one focus group. We identified seven features of safety in maternity units and summarised them into a framework, named For Us (For Unit Safety). The features include: (1) commitment to safety and improvement at all levels, with everyone involved (2) technical competence, supported by formal training and informal learning (3) teamwork, cooperation and positive working relationships (4) constant reinforcing of safe, ethical and respectful behaviours (5) multiple problem-sensing systems, used as basis of action (6) systems and processes designed for safety, and regularly reviewed and optimised (7) effective coordination and ability to mobilise quickly. These features appear to have a synergistic character, such that each feature is necessary but not sufficient on its own: the features operate in concert through multiple forms of feedback and lification. This large qualitative study has enabled the generation of a new plain language framework—For Us—that identifies the behaviours and practices that appear to be features of safe care in hospital-based maternity units.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 16-06-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.14.22276082
Abstract: One in eight children in the United Kingdom are estimated to have a mental health condition, and many do not receive support or treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health and disrupted the delivery of care. Prevalence of poor mental health is not evenly distributed across age groups, by sex or socioeconomic groups. Equity in access to mental health care is a policy priority but detailed socio-deomgraphic trends are relatively under-researched. We analysed records for all mental health prescriptions and referrals to specialist mental health outpatient care between the years of 2015 and 2021 for children aged 2 to 17 years in a single NHS Scotland health board region. We analysed trends in prescribing, referrals, and acceptance to out-patient treatment over time, and measured differences in treatment and service use rates by age, sex, and area deprivation. We identified 18,732 children with 178,657 mental health prescriptions and 21,874 referrals to specialist outpatient care. Prescriptions increased by 59% over the study period. Boys received double the prescriptions of girls and the rate of prescribing in the most deprived areas was double that in the least deprived. Mean age at first mental health prescription was almost 1 year younger in the most deprived areas than in the least. Referrals increased 9% overall. Initially, boys and girls both had an annual referral rate of 2.7 per 1,000, but this fell 6% for boys and rose 25% for girls. Referral rate for the youngest decreased 67% but increased 21% for the oldest. The proportion of rejected referrals increased steeply since 2020 from 17% to 30%. The proportion of referrals accepted for girls rose to 62% and the mean age increased 1.5 years. The large increase in mental health prescribing and changes in referrals to specialist outpatient care aligns with emerging evidence of increasing poor mental health, particularly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The static size of the population accepted for specialist treatment amid greater demand, and the changing demographics of those accepted, indicate clinical prioritisation and unmet need. Persistent inequities in mental health prescribing and referrals require urgent action.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 11-04-2023
Abstract: synchronous outpatient patient-to-provider communication is becoming widespread in UK healthcare. It has mostly been tested in primary care but is increasingly used in secondary care outpatient services. During the pandemic, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in Scotland expanded its outpatient asynchronous consultation system from dermatology to gastroenterology and pain management. e conducted a multi-method study between April 2021 to July 2022 including staff, patient, and public perspectives and quantitative data from the NHS to obtain a rounded picture of innovation as it happened. hree online and one face-to-face focus groups (n=22) on public readiness for the new service and 14 semi-structured interviews with staff on service design and delivery were conducted. The new service's effects were examined using NHS data on service usage, a patient satisfaction survey (n=66), and six follow-up semi-structured interviews. Satisfaction survey responses were analyzed descriptively. Service users’ demographics, acceptability across specialties, non-attendance rates, and appointment outcomes were compared. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation was used to measure health inequality. In idual interviews and focus group transcripts were thematically analyzed. taff anticipated a simple technical system transfer from dermatology to other receptive specialties, but despite a favourable setting and organizational assistance, it has been complicated. It was thought to function better for pain self-management since it fitted pre-existing practices. Staff rapidly learned how to explain and utilize the system, and the gastrointestinal and pain management departments started offering digital appointments in December 2021. From February through July 2022, dermatology, gastrointestinal, and pain management offered 1709 appointments to a range of people (totalling n=1417). Asynchronous appointments reduced travel by an estimated 44,712 miles compared to face-to-face mode. People living in more and less deprived areas were equally likely to accept asynchronous consultations, treatment, or open returns, according to NHS data analysis. In the survey, only 18% of respondents were unhappy or very unhappy to be offered a digital appointment invitation. The benefits mentioned included better access, convenience, decreased travel and waiting time, information gathering/sharing, and clinical flexibility. Overall, patients, the public, and staff saw its potential as an NHS service but highlighted informed choice and flexibility, noting that it may not work for others, especially in iduals with limited digital or writing abilities. Better communication—including ‘appointment’ definitions—may increase patient acceptance. synchronous pain management and gastroenterology consultations are viable and acceptable. Transfer of this technology into new services is easiest when there is a limited disruption to existing administrative processes but regardless always needs significant and continuous support. This study can inform practical strategies for supporting staff in implementing asynchronous consultations (e.g., preparing for the process's non-linearity, working around task issues). For potential patients, careful technical support and explanation are needed, as well as a choice of consultation routes, to ensure digital inclusion.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 23-10-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.21.20216929
Abstract: While considerable attention has been devoted to patients’ health complexity epidemiology, comparatively less attention has been paid to tools to identify and describe, in a personalized and comprehensive way, “complex patients” in primary health care (PHC). To evaluate INTERMED tool’s validity and feasibility to assess health complexity in PHC. Cross-sectional psychometric study. Three Brazilian PHC Units. 230 patients above 18 years of both sexes. Spearman’s rho assessed concurrent validity between the whole INTERMED and their four domains (biological, psychological, social, health system) with other well-validated instruments. Pearson’s X 2 measured associations of the sum of INTERMED “current state” items with use of PHC, other health services and medications. Cronbach’s Alpha assessed internal consistency. INTERMED acceptability was measured through patients’ views on questions and answers’ understanding and application length as well as objective application length. Applicability was measured through patients’ views on its relevance to describe health aspects essential to care and INTERMED’s items-related information already existing in patients’ health records. 18.3% of the patients were “complex” (INTERMED’s 20/21 cut-off). Spearman’s correlations located between 0.44 - 0.65. Pearson’s coefficients found were X 2 = 26.812 and X 2 = 26.883 (both p = 0.020) and X2 = 28.270 (p = 0.013). Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.802. All patients’ views were very favorable. Median application time was 7 minutes and 90% of the INTERMED’s interviews took up to 14 minutes. Only the biological domain had all its items described in more than 50% of the health records. We utilized the cutoff point used in all previous studies, found in research performed in specialized health services. We found good feasibility (acceptability and applicability), and validity measures comparable to those found from specialized health services. Further investigations of INTERMED predictive validity and suitability for routine PHC use are worthwhile.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMI.2018.08.020
Abstract: Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) are necessary in hospitals to improve the judicious use of antibiotics. While ASPs require complex change of key behaviours on in idual, team organization and policy levels, evidence from the behavioural sciences is underutilized in antibiotic stewardship studies across the world, including high-income countries (HICs). A consensus procedure was performed to propose research priority areas for optimizing effective implementation of ASPs in hospital settings using a behavioural perspective. A workgroup for behavioural approaches to ASPs was convened in response to the fourth call for leading expert network proposals by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR). Eighteen clinical and academic specialists in antibiotic stewardship, implementation science and behaviour change from four HICs with publicly funded healthcare systems (e.g. Canada, Germany, Norway and the UK) met face-to-face to agree on broad research priority areas using a structured consensus method. Question addressed and recommendations: The consensus process assessing the ten identified research priority areas resulted in recommendations that need urgent scientific interest and funding to optimize effective implementation of ASPs for hospital inpatients in HICs with publicly funded healthcare systems. We suggest and detail behavioural science evidence-guided research efforts in the following areas: (a) comprehensively identifying barriers and facilitators to implementing ASPs and clinical recommendations intended to optimize antibiotic prescribing (b) identifying actors ('who') and actions ('what needs to be done') of ASPs and clinical teams (c) synthesizing available evidence to support future research and planning for ASPs (d) specifying the activities in current ASPs with the purpose of defining a control group for comparison with new initiatives (e) defining a balanced set of outcomes and measures to evaluate the effects of interventions focused on reducing unnecessary exposure to antibiotics (f) conducting robust evaluations of ASPs with built-in process evaluations and fidelity assessments (g) defining and designing ASPs (h) establishing the evidence base for impact of ASPs on resistance (i) investigating the role and impact of government and policy contexts on ASPs and (j) understanding what matters to patients in ASPs in hospitals. Assessment, revisions and updates of our priority-setting exercise should be considered at intervals of 2 years. To propose research priority areas in low- and middle-income countries, the methodology reported here could be applied.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-04-2012
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-02-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0263702
Abstract: Health complexity includes biological, psychological, social, and health systems. Having complex health needs is associated with poorer clinical outcomes and higher healthcare costs. Care management for people with health complexity is increasingly recommended in primary health care (PHC). The INTERMED complexity assessment grid showed adequate psychometric properties in specialized settings. This study aimed to evaluate INTERMED’s validity and feasibility to assess health complexity in an adult PHC population. The biopsychosocial health care needs of 230 consecutive adult patients from three Brazilian PHC services were assessed using the INTERMED interview. Participants with a total score were classified as “complex”. Quality of life was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) social support using the Medical Outcomes Study—Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) comorbidity levels using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). We developed two questionnaires to evaluate health services use, and patient perceived feasibility of INTERMED. 42 participants (18.3%) were classified as “complex”. A moderate correlation was found between the total INTERMED score and the total scores of WHOQOL-BREF (rho = - 0.59) and HADS (rho = 0.56), and between the social domains of INTERMED and MOS-SSS (rho = -0.44). After adjustment, the use of PHC (β = 2.12, t = 2.10, p 0.05), any other health care services (β = 3.05, t = 3.97, p 0.01), and any medication (β = 3.64, t = 4.16, p 0.01) were associated with higher INTERMED scores. The INTERMED internal consistency was good (ω = 0.83), and the median application time was 7 min. Patients reported satisfaction with the questions, answers, and application time. INTERMED displayed good psychometric values in a PHC population and proved promising for practical use in PHC.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-12-2022
Abstract: Randomized trials of hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions aimed to optimize antimicrobial use contribute less to the evidence base due to heterogeneity in outcome selection and reporting. Developing a core outcome set (COS) for these interventions can be a way to address this problem. The first step in developing a COS is to identify and map all outcomes. To identify outcomes reported in systematic reviews of hospital AMS interventions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE and Embase were searched for systematic reviews published up until August 2019 of interventions relevant to reducing unnecessary antimicrobial use for inpatient populations in secondary care hospitals. The methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2, A (revised) MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews. Extracted outcomes were analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. A list of overarching (unique) outcomes reflects the outcomes identified within the systematic reviews. Forty-one systematic reviews were included. Thirty-three (81%) systematic reviews were of critically low or low quality. A long list of 1739 verbatim outcomes was identified and categorized under five core areas of COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) taxonomy: ‘resources use’ (45%), ‘physiological/clinical’ (27%), ‘life impact’ (16%), ‘death’ (8%) and ‘adverse events’ (4%). A total of 421 conceptually different outcomes were identified and grouped into 196 overarching outcomes. There is significant heterogeneity in outcomes reported for hospital AMS interventions. Reported outcomes do not cover all domains of the COMET framework and may miss outcomes relevant to patients (e.g. emotional, social functioning, etc.). The included systematic reviews lacked methodological rigour, which warrants further improvements.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2015.05.016
Abstract: Distinguishing transient from persistent anxiety and depression symptoms in older people presenting to general practice with musculoskeletal pain is potentially important for effective management. This study sought to identify distinct post-consultation depression and anxiety symptom trajectories in adults aged over 50years consulting general practice for non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain. Self-completion questionnaires, containing measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms, age, gender, pain status, coping and social status were mailed within 1week of the consultation and at 3, 6 and 12months. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify anxiety and depression symptoms trajectories, which were ascertained with cut-off score ≥8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscales. Associations between baseline characteristics and cluster membership were examined using multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis (the 3-step approach). Latent class growth analyses determined a 3-cluster anxiety model (n=499) and a 3-cluster depression model (n=501). Clusters identified were: no anxiety problem (44.1%), persistent anxiety problem (33.9%) and transient anxiety symptoms (22.2%) no depression problem (74.1%), persistent depression problem (22.0%) and gradual depression symptom recovery (4.0%). Widespread pain, interference with valued activities, coping by increased behavioral activities, catastrophizing, perceived lack of instrumental support, age ≥70years, being female, and performing manual/routine work were associated with anxiety and/or depression clusters. Older people with non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain are at high risk of persistent anxiety and/or depression problems. Biopsychosocial factors, such as pain status, coping strategies, instrumental support, performing manual/routine work, being female and age ≥70years, may help identify patients with persistent anxiety and/or depression.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-02-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251320
Abstract: Improved understanding of multimorbidity (MM) treatment adherence in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil is needed to achieve better healthcare and service outcomes. This study explored experiences of healthcare providers (HCP) and primary care patients (PCP) with mental-physical MM treatment adherence. Adults PCP with mental-physical MM and their primary care and community mental health care providers were recruited through maximum variation s ling from nine cities in São Paulo State, Southeast of Brazil. Experiences across quality domains of the Primary Care Assessment Tool-Brazil were explored through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 PCP and 62 HCP, conducted between April 2016 and April 2017. Through thematic conent analysis ten meta-themes concerning treatment adherence were developed: 1) variability and accessibility of treatment options available through PHC 2) importance of coming to terms with a disease for treatment initation 3) importance of person-centred communication for treatment initiation and maintenance 4) information sources about received medication 5) monitoring medication adherence 6) taking medication unsafely 7) perceived reasons for medication non-adherence 8) most challenging health behavior change goals 9) main motives for initiation or maintenance of treatment 10) methods deployed to improve treatment adherence. Our analysis has advanced the understanding of complexity inherent to treatment adherence in mental-physical MM and revealed opportunities for improvement and specific solutions to effect adherence in Brazil. Our findings can inform research efforts to transform MM care through optimization.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00586-015-3821-5
Abstract: The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of commonly used non-surgical treatments in acute care of adults with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). A systematic approach was used to search eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining analgesic medications, passive physical therapies, bed rest or orthoses. Data on pain, activity articipation and adverse events were extracted. Methodological quality and quality of evidence were assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (score range 0-10) and the GRADE criteria, respectively. Five RCTs (total n = 350) were identified including one placebo-controlled and four controlled trials examining analgesics (2 studies) and orthoses (3). PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 7. The overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to low. In two trials, spinal orthoses provided significantly higher medium-term pain relief [pooled standardized mean differences (SMD): -1.47, 95 % confidence interval (CI) -1.82, -1.13 I (2) = 0 %] and disability reduction (pooled SMD: -1.73, 95 % CI -2.09, -1.37 I (2) = 0 %) than no intervention. Immediate- and short-term pain effects of diclofenac (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and tramadol (a strong opioid) were demonstrated when compared to a Chinese medicine, whereas non-significant effects were found for oxycodone and tapentadol (strong opioids) in a placebo-controlled trial. Low/insufficient statistical power, co-interventions and potential conflict of interest might have influenced the results. At present, there is insufficient evidence to inform conservative care for acute pain related to VCF. Large, multinational, placebo/sham-controlled trials to address this gap in evidence are needed.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-07-2022
DOI: 10.1093/NDT/GFAC224
Abstract: No single study contrasts the extent and consequences of inequity of kidney care across the clinical course of kidney disease. This population study of Gr ian (UK) followed incident presentations of acute kidney injury (AKI) and incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds of & , & and & mL/min/1.73 m2 in separate cohorts (2011–2021). The key exposure was area-level deprivation (lowest quintile of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation). Outcomes were care processes (monitoring, prescribing, appointments, unscheduled care), long-term mortality and kidney failure. Modelling involved multivariable logistic regression, negative binomial regression and cause-specific Cox models with and without adjustment of comorbidities. There were 41 313, 51 190, 32 171 and 17 781 new presentations of AKI and eGFR thresholds & , & and & mL/min/1.73 m2. A total of 6.1–7.8% of the population was from deprived areas and (versus all others) presented on average 5 years younger, with more diabetes and pulmonary and liver disease. Those from deprived areas were more likely to present initially in hospital, less likely to receive community monitoring, less likely to attend appointments and more likely to have an unplanned emergency department or hospital admission episode. Deprivation had the greatest association with long-term kidney failure at the eGFR & mL/min/1.73 m2 threshold {adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.87]} and this association decreased with advancing disease severity [HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.93–1.28) at eGFR & mL/min/1.73 m2), with a similar pattern for mortality. Across all analyses the most detrimental associations of deprivation were an eGFR threshold & mL/min/1.73 m2, AKI, males and those & years of age. Even in a high-income country with universal healthcare, serious and consistent inequities in kidney care exist. The poorer care and outcomes with area-level deprivation were greater earlier in the disease course.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12888-022-04438-5
Abstract: One in eight children in the United Kingdom are estimated to have a mental health condition, and many do not receive support or treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health and disrupted the delivery of care. Prevalence of poor mental health is not evenly distributed across age groups, by sex or socioeconomic groups. Equity in access to mental health care is a policy priority but detailed socio-demographic trends are relatively under-researched. We analysed records for all mental health prescriptions and referrals to specialist mental health outpatient care between the years of 2015 and 2021 for children aged 2 to 17 years in a single NHS Scotland health board region. We analysed trends in prescribing, referrals, and acceptance to out-patient treatment over time, and measured differences in treatment and service use rates by age, sex, and area deprivation. We identified 18,732 children with 178,657 mental health prescriptions and 21,874 referrals to specialist outpatient care. Prescriptions increased by 59% over the study period. Boys received double the prescriptions of girls and the rate of prescribing in the most deprived areas was double that in the least deprived. Mean age at first mental health prescription was almost 1 year younger in the most deprived areas than in the least. Referrals increased 9% overall. Initially, boys and girls both had an annual referral rate of 2.7 per 1000, but this fell 6% for boys and rose 25% for girls. Referral rate for the youngest decreased 67% but increased 21% for the oldest. The proportion of rejected referrals increased steeply since 2020 from 17 to 30%. The proportion of accepted referrals that were for girls rose to 62% and the mean age increased 1.5 years. The large increase in mental health prescribing and changes in referrals to specialist outpatient care aligns with emerging evidence of increasing poor mental health, particularly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The static size of the population accepted for specialist treatment amid greater demand, and the changing demographics of those accepted, indicate clinical prioritisation and unmet need. Persistent inequities in mental health prescribing and referrals require urgent action.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-03-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-02-2020
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKAA001
Abstract: Reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure is a key strategy in reducing the development and selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions are inherently complex, often requiring multiple healthcare professionals to change multiple behaviours at multiple timepoints along the care pathway. Inaction can arise when roles and responsibilities are unclear. A behavioural perspective can offer insights to maximize the chances of successful implementation. To apply a behavioural framework [the Target Action Context Timing Actors (TACTA) framework] to existing evidence about hospital AMS interventions to specify which key behavioural aspects of interventions are detailed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and interrupted time series (ITS) studies with a focus on reducing unnecessary exposure to antibiotics were identified from the most recent Cochrane review of interventions to improve hospital AMS. The TACTA framework was applied to published intervention reports to assess the extent to which key details were reported about what behaviour should be performed, who is responsible for doing it and when, where, how often and with whom it should be performed. The included studies (n = 45 31 RCTs and 14 ITS studies with 49 outcome measures) reported what should be done, where and to whom. However, key details were missing about who should act (45%) and when (22%). Specification of who should act was missing in 79% of 15 interventions to reduce duration of treatment in continuing-care wards. The lack of precise specification within AMS interventions limits the generalizability and reproducibility of evidence, h ering efforts to implement AMS interventions in practice.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000697
Abstract: A relationship between sleep and pain is well established. A better understanding of the mechanisms that link sleep and pain intensity is urgently needed to optimize pain management interventions. The objective of this systematic review was to identify, synthesize, and critically appraise studies that have investigated putative mediators on the path between sleep and pain intensity. A systematic search of 5 electronic bibliographic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted. Eligible studies had to apply a formal test of mediation to variables on the path between a sleep variable and pain intensity or vice versa. All searches, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by at least 2 independent reviewers. The search yielded 2839 unique articles, 9 of which were eligible. Of 13 mediation analyses, 11 investigated pathways from a sleep variable to pain intensity. Putative mediators included affect/mood, depression and/or anxiety, attention to pain, pain helplessness, stress, fatigue, and physical activity. Two analyses investigated pathways from pain intensity to a sleep variable, examining the potentially mediating role of depressive symptoms and mood. Although evidence supported a mediating role for psychological and physiological aspects of emotional experiences and attentional processes, methodological limitations were common, including use of cross-sectional data and minimal adjustment for potential confounders. A growing body of research is applying mediation analysis to elucidate mechanistic pathways between sleep and pain intensity. Currently sparse evidence would be illuminated by more intensively collected longitudinal data and improvements in analysis.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: Brazil
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2020
Funder: Innovate UK
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2022
Funder: Health Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: End date not available
Funder: Fundação CAPES, Ministério da Educação
View Funded Activity