ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5020-8094
Current Organisations
University of Colorado
,
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Palaeoclimatology | Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Climate Change Processes | Palaeoecology | Quaternary Environments | Atmospheric Sciences | Oceanography | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Sedimentology | Physical Oceanography | Glaciology | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Isotope Geochemistry
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Climate Variability (excl. Social Impacts) | Climate variability | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Environments (excl. Social Impacts) | Climate change | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Oceanic processes (excl. climate related) | Global Effects of Climate Change and Variability (excl. Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and the South Pacific) (excl. Social Impacts) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences |
Related Links
Publications
Millennial-scale alkenone sea surface temperature changes in the northern South China Sea during the past 45,000 years (MD972146)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Holocene melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet driven by tropical Pacific warming
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-30076-2
Abstract: The primary Antarctic contribution to modern sea-level rise is glacial discharge from the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The main processes responsible for ice mass loss include: (1) ocean-driven melting of ice shelves by upwelling of warm water onto the continental shelf and (2) atmospheric-driven surface melting of glaciers along the Antarctic coast. Understanding the relative influence of these processes on glacial stability is imperative to predicting sea-level rise. Employing a beryllium isotope-based reconstruction of ice-shelf history, we demonstrate that glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea Embayment underwent melting and retreat between 9 and 6 thousand years ago. Despite warm ocean water influence, this melting event was mainly forced by atmospheric circulation changes over continental West Antarctica, linked via a Rossby wave train to tropical Pacific Ocean warming. This millennial-scale glacial history may be used to validate contemporary ice-sheet models and improve sea-level projections.
Online oxygen isotope analysis of sub-milligram quantities of biogenic opal using the inductive high-temperature carbon reduction method coupled with continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2716
Potential associations between chronic whiplash and incomplete spinal cord injury
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2015
Coral Record of Younger Dryas Chronozone Warmth on the Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2020PA003962
Atmospheric Δ14C reduction in simulations of Atlantic overturning circulation shutdown
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-04-2013
DOI: 10.1002/GBC.20035
The last deglacial history of Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.1465
Holocene sea level reconstruction using lagoon specific local marine reservoir effect and geophysical modeling in Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Issues in radiocarbon and U-series dating of corals from the last glacial period
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
On the geophysical processes impacting palaeo-sea-level observations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40562-021-00184-W
Abstract: Past sea-level change represents the large-scale state of global climate, reflecting the waxing and waning of global ice sheets and the corresponding effect on ocean volume. Recent developments in s ling and analytical methods enable us to more precisely reconstruct past sea-level changes using geological indicators dated by radiometric methods. However, ice-volume changes alone cannot wholly account for these observations of local, relative sea-level change because of various geophysical factors including glacio-hydro-isostatic adjustments (GIA). The mechanisms behind GIA cannot be ignored when reconstructing global ice volume, yet they remain poorly understood within the general sea-level community. In this paper, various geophysical factors affecting sea-level observations are discussed and the details and impacts of these processes on estimates of past ice volumes are introduced.
The influence of conventional T2 MRI indices in predicting who will walk outside one year after spinal cord injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2021
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1907676
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices of spinal cord damage are predictive of future motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI): hyperintensity length, midsagittal tissue bridges, and Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC) scores. Whether these indices are predictive of outdoor walking after SCI is unknown. The primary purpose was to see if these MRI indices predict the ability to walk outdoors one-year after SCI. The secondary purpose was to determine if MRI indices provide additional predictive value if initial lower extremity motor scores are available. Retrospective. Clinical T Academic hospital. 129 participants with cervical SCI. Inpatient rehabilitation. One year after SCI, participants self-reported their outdoor walking ability. Midsagittal ventral tissue bridges, hyperintensity length, and BASIC scores significantly correlated with outdoor walking ability ( The MRI indices were significant predictors of outdoor walking ability, but when motor scores were available, this was the strongest predictor and neither midsagittal tissue bridges nor hyperintensity length contributed additional value. MRI indices may be a quick and convenient supplement to physical examination when motor testing is unavailable.
Paleoshorelines and lowstand sedimentation on subtropical shelves: a case study from the Fraser Shelf, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-02-2019
Prospects for the new frontiers of Earth and environmental sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Earth surface environmental changes during the last two terminations
Publisher: Japan Association for Quaternary Research
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4116/JAQUA.49.337
Shore-line reconstruction around Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and Late Glacial Stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Response of the Great Barrier Reef to sea-level and environmental changes over the past 30,000 years
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2018
Melting history of the Patagonian Ice Sheet during Termination I inferred from marine sediments
Publisher: Geochemical Society of Japan
Date: 2013
Insight into anaerobic methanotrophy from 13C/12C- amino acids and 14C/12C-ANME cells in seafloor microbial ecology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-09-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-31004-5
Abstract: Oceanic methane from global deep-sea sediment is largely consumed through microbially mediated sulfate-coupled oxidation, resulting in 13 C-depleted cell biomass of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME). The general ecological importance of subseafloor ANME has been well recognized in the last two decades. However, the crucial biochemical pathways for the overall anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) still remain enigmatic. Here, methanotrophic pathways were analyzed to trace 13 C-depleted amino acid biosynthesis in two clades of ANME (ANME-1 and ANME-2) from the Black Sea. Compound-specific analysis of ANME-dominated microbial mats showed a significant 13 C-depletion trend in association with increasing carbon numbers in protein-derived amino acid families ( e.g. , the pyruvate family in the order of alanine, valine, isoleucine and leucine was down to −114‰). This result indicates a stepwise elongation of 13 C-depleted carbon during amino acid biosynthesis. The overall results suggest that intracellular protein amino acids and the most 13 C-depleted signature of leucine, which has a specific branched-chain structure, are potentially propagated as isoprenoid precursor molecules into archaeal biosynthesis, resulting in the extremely 13 C- and 14 C-depleted nature of ANME cells in the deep microbial oasis.
Climate and Sea-level changes since the last glacial maximum: Preliminary results from IODP Expedition 325 the Great Barrier Reef Environmental Change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
An in situ cosmogenic 14C extraction system at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Rapid transmission of Climate Signals from the North Atlantic to the far Eastern Eurasian continent during the Last Deglacial period
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Sea-level rise during Termination II inferred from large benthic foraminifers: IODP Expedition 310, Tahiti Sea Level
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of Speech Clarity with and Without a Facemask
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 23-07-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-731592/V1
Abstract: Some studies have found that the speech of speakers wearing facemasks has reduced intelligibility. Although it has been found that facemasks attenuated high-frequency energy, no study has examined the effects of masks on spectral characteristics of vowels or voiceless fricative consonants. The present study investigated auditory perceptual rating of speech clarity and acoustic-phonetic measures of vowels and voiceless fricative consonant production in 16 health care workers who produced standardized voice tasks without and with wearing either a standard surgical mask or a KN95 mask. Voice s les were perceptually rated for speech clarity and were acoustically analysed for root-mean-square litude (A RMS ), spectral moments of two voiceless fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/, and A RMS and litude of the first three formants (A1, A2, and A3). Speech produced whilst wearing either a surgical or KN95 mask was significantly less clear than without a mask, with KN95 showing greater impact than surgical masks. In both fricatives, A RMS was lower in the surgical mask and KN95 mask conditions compared to the non-mask condition. None of the litude measures of vowels were affected by facemasks. Linear regression models indicated that perception of speech produced by mask users was mainly affected by modification of voiceless fricative consonant characteristics.
Beryllium isotope signatures of ice shelves and sub-ice shelf circulation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Potentially large post-1505 AD earthquakes in western Nepal revealed by a lake sediment record
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-10093-4
Abstract: According to paleoseismological studies, the last earthquake that ruptured the Main Frontal Thrust in western Nepal occurred in 1505 AD. No evidence of large earthquakes has been documented since, giving rise to the concept of a seismic gap in the central Himalaya. Here, we report on a new record of earthquake-triggered turbidites from Lake Rara, western Nepal. Our lake-sediment record contains eight possibly moderate-to-large earthquake-triggered turbidites during the last 800 years, three of which overlap in age with previously reported M w ≥ 7 events in western Nepal. Shaking intensity modelling, together with instrumental records, suggests that near-field earthquakes (≤15 km) should have a minimum M w 5.6, and regional earthquakes (≤80 km) a M w ~ 6.5, to trigger turbidites. We present a likely scenario that western Nepal may be as seismically active as central Nepal however, more data are needed to revaluate the seismic risk in the central Himalaya.
Two-step rise of atmospheric oxygen linked to the growth of continents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2707
Otolith radiocarbon signatures provide distinct migration history of walleye pollocks around Hokkaido, Japan in the North-Western Pacific
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 13-04-2023
DOI: 10.22541/AU.168136932.20760699/V1
Abstract: 1. Otoliths have been widely studied as natural recorders of the entire life cycle of aquatic teleosts. Trace elements and stable isotope rations in otoliths are well understood and used as proxies of migration histories, however few elements have shown the potential to reconstruct the migration history of oceanodromous fish. 2. This study reports the first use of radiocarbon in otolith to reconstruct the horizontal migration history of fish. We analyzed three different stocks of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus around Hokkaido, Japan. 3. Radiocarbon concentration from the outermost edge of otoliths showed a general consistency with seawater radiocarbon concentration of the s ling region, validating the application of otolith radiocarbon concentration to fish migration studies. Pollocks of all three stocks generally inhabited the nearby s ling area throughout their life cycle, though some pollocks of the Okhotsk and Japan Sea stocks respectively showed a possibility of migration between different sea regions. 4. This study confirmed a novel method using radiocarbon concentrations to reconstruct the migration history of marine teleost. Using the high sensitivity of otolith radiocarbon concentration observed in this study, it may be possible to detect fish migration with higher spatial resolution than previous studies using conventional proxies.
Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message From the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2022
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 23-05-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2023RG000814
Abstract: On behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union, and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2022.
Global Climate and Sea Level: ENDURING VARIABILITY AND RAPID FLUCTUATIONS OVER THE PAST 150,000 YEARS
Publisher: The Oceanography Society
Date: 06-2011
Sources of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Two Small Streams with Different Bedrock Geology: Insights from Carbon Isotopes
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Radiocarbon natural abundances (Δ 14 C) are being increasingly used to trace carbon cycling in stream ecosystems. To understand the ultimate sources of carbon, we determined the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ 13 C) and Δ 14 C values of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC, respectively) and of particulate organic carbon (POC) in two small streams in central Japan, one of which flows over limestone bedrock (Seri) and the other does not (Fudoji). Investigations over four seasons revealed that the Δ 14 C values of the DIC (from −238‰ to −174‰ for Seri and −23‰ to +10‰ for Fudoji) were less variable than those of the other carbon fractions (DOC: from −400‰ to −138‰ for Seri and −2‰ to +103‰ for Fudoji POC: from −164‰ to −60‰ for Seri and −55‰ to +37‰ for Fudoji). Based on mass balance calculations using the δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values, the proportions of carbon in the DIC originated from (1) atmospheric CO 2 were 47% to 57% for Seri and 74% to 90% for Fudoji, (2) organic matter degradation were 29% to 35% for Seri and 4% to 21% for Fudoji, and (3) carbonate rock were 14% to 22% for Seri and 4% to 6% for Fudoji. We compared the results with previous studies that had been conducted in larger rivers and showed that in small streams, the dissolution of atmospheric CO 2 and weathering of carbonate rock are more important factors in the carbon cycling than the biological degradation of organic matter.
Quantitative determination of long-term erosion rates of weathered granitic soil surfaces in western Abukuma, Japan using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profile
Publisher: Geochemical Society of Japan
Date: 2010
The incised valley of Baffin Bay, Texas: a tale of two climates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2010
Sensitivity of Holocene East Antarctic productivity to subdecadal variability set by sea ice
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2021
Radiocarbon variability recorded in coral skeletons from the northwest of Luzon Island, Philippines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2017
Holocene surface hydroclimate changes in the Indo-Pacific warm pool
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Post-depositional remanent magnetization lock-in for marine sediments deduced from 10Be and paleomagnetic records through the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022GC010334
Abstract: With their complex cycles and rupture modes, infrequent megathrust earthquakes require a high‐resolution spatiotemporal record of tsunami inundations over thousands of years to provide more accurate long‐term forecasts. The geological record suggests that Mw 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench occurred at intervals of several hundred years. However, uncertainties remain regarding the rupture zone, owing to the limited survey areas and chronological data. Therefore, we investigated the tsunami deposits in a coastal wetland of southeastern Hokkaido, Japan, to characterize the tsunamis that originated from the Kuril Trench over the last 4,000 years. On the Erimo coast, more than seven sand layers exhibited common features of tsunami deposits, such as sheet distributions of several hundred meters, normal grading structures, and sharp basal contacts. According to numerical tsunami simulations, the 17th‐century sand layer could be reproduced using a multiple rupture zone model (Mw ∼ 8.8). We used high‐resolution radiocarbon dating and tephras to correlate the tsunami deposits from the last 4,000 years with those reported from regions ∼100 km away. The tsunami history revealed here shows good agreement with the histories of adjacent regions. However, the paleotsunamis reported to have occurred in regions km away include events that differ from those in this study, suggesting a ersity of Mw 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench. We clarified the history and extents of earthquake‐generated tsunamis along the southwestern end of the Kuril Trench, which were previously unknown. Our results provide a framework for magnitude estimations and long‐term forecasts of earthquakes.
Confirming the geography of fatty infiltration in the deep cervical extensor muscles in whiplash recovery
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-68452-X
Abstract: Previous preliminary work mapped the distribution of neck muscle fat infiltration (MFI) in the deep cervical extensor muscles (multifidus and semispinalis cervicis) in a small cohort of participants with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD), recovered, and healthy controls. While MFI was reported to be concentrated in the medial portion of the muscles in all participants, the magnitude was significantly greater in those with chronic WAD. This study aims to confirm these results in a prospective fashion with a larger cohort and compare the findings across a population of patients with varying levels of WAD-related disability one-year following the motor vehicle collision. Sixty-one participants enrolled in a longitudinal study: Recovered (n = 25), Mild (n = 26) and Severe WAD (n = 10) were studied using Fat/Water magnetic resonance imaging, 12-months post injury. Bilateral measures of MFI in four quartiles (Q1–Q4 medial to lateral) at cervical levels C4 through C7 were included. A linear mixed model was performed, controlling for covariates (age, sex, body mass index), examining interaction effects, and comparing MFI distribution between groups. The recovered group had significantly less MFI in Q1 compared to the two symptomatic groups. Group differences were not found in the more lateral quartiles. Results at 12 months are consistent with the preliminary study, indicating that MFI is spatially concentrated in the medial portions of the deep cervical extensors regardless of WAD recovery, but the magnitude of MFI in the medial portions of the muscles is significantly larger in those with severe chronic WAD.
Beryllium isotopes in sediments from Lake Maruwan Oike and Lake Skallen, East Antarctica, reveal substantial glacial discharge during the late Holocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Dating Lake Sediments Using Compound‐Specific 14C Analysis of C16 Fatty Acid: A Case Study From the Mount Fuji Volcanic Region, Japan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2020GC009544
Abstract: Lake sediments in volcanic regions contain continuous records of past eruptions and their environmental consequences. However, the frequent scarcity of plant material in lake sediments makes it difficult to provide robust age estimates. In this study, we performed compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of fatty acids in a sediment core from Lake Kawaguchi in the Mount Fuji volcanic region, Japan, to assess their potential for dating sediments. The C 16 fatty acid in the core top sediments exhibits an almost identical age (983 ± 56 years BP) to that of dissolved inorganic carbon in the modern lake surface water, which confirms that the carbon of this compound is derived from lake phytoplankton. Comparison of the 14 C age between the C 16 fatty acid and a plant leaf at the widespread (Amagi‐Kawagodaira) tephra layer revealed a lake reservoir age of 1,003 ± 73 14 C years at ca. 3,150 cal BP, which is consistent with the modern lake reservoir age and the 14 C age of the C 16 fatty acid in the core top sediments, within error. The reservoir‐corrected 14 C age of the C 16 fatty acid yielded a modeled age of 2,837 ± 78 cal BP for the Mount Fuji Tephra (Omuro scoria‐fall deposit) in the core. This age is in good agreement with the age determined from plant remains in the same core (2,938 ± 29 cal BP), indicating that CSRA of C 16 fatty acid has the potential to date lake sediments after reservoir age correction, even in sediments with limited occurrence of plant macrofossils.
Last Ice Age Millennial Scale Climate Changes Recorded in Huon Peninsula Corals
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200030320
Abstract: Uranium series and radiocarbon ages were measured in corals from the uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula (HP), Papua New Guinea, to provide a calibration for the 14 C time scale beyond 30 ka (kilo annum). Improved analytical procedures, and quantitative criteria for s le selection, helped discriminate diagenetically altered s les. The base-line of the calibration curve follows the trend of increasing ergence from calendar ages, as established by previous studies. Superimposed on this trend, four well-defined peaks of excess atmospheric radiocarbon were found ranging in magnitude from 100% to 700%, relative to current levels. They are related to episodes of sea-level rise and reef growth at HP. These peaks appear to be synchronous with Heinrich Events and concentrations of ice-rafted debris found in North Atlantic deep-sea cores. Relative timing of sea-level rise and atmospheric 14 C excess imply the following sequence of events: An initial sea-level high is followed by a large increase in atmospheric 14 C as the sea-level subsides. Over about 1800 years, the atmospheric radiocarbon drops to below present ambient levels. This cycle bears a close resemblance to ice-calving episodes of Dansgaard-Oeschger and Bond cycles and the slow-down or complete interruption of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The increases in the atmospheric 14 C levels are attributed to the cessation of the North Atlantic circulation.
Radiocarbon in ecology: Insights and perspectives from aquatic and terrestrial studies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2017
60 Years and Beyond of Reviews of Geophysics
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-04-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2023RG000807
Abstract: Reviews of Geophysics is an AGU journal, first established in February 1963. It is a hybrid open access invitation‐only journal that publishes comprehensive review articles across various disciplines within the Earth and Space Sciences. The selection criteria are rigorous and many submissions are declined without review. The journal is the highest ranked in the fields of Geochemistry and Geophysics, with a high Journal Impact Factor (JIF 2021 = 24.9), which is indicative of its high visibility and influence within the scientific community. The journal's published review papers, beyond a mere summary of literature, provide crucial context for current work, and establish the framework for comprehensive understanding of research progress, challenges, and interconnections between different communities, so that research may be appreciated by a broad audience. We emphasize the importance of publishing studies that provide a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the current state of knowledge in a field, especially in the case of geophysics, where knowledge is rapidly developing, increasing and becoming more specialized.
Hydrographic variability in the northern South China Sea over the past 45,000 years: New insights based on temperature reconstructions by U k’ 37 and TEX H 86 proxies from a marine sediment core (MD97
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Dating a world-unique Pacific ruin: Nan Madol
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-123
Abstract: Great Holocene civilizations on Pacific islands were created by Homo sapiens. However, most of the construction histories remain uncertain due to the lack of developed writing system and the limitation of dating techniques. Nan Madol (0.7 km in width and 1.5 km in length), an abandoned city called the & #8220 Venice of the Pacific& #8221 with over 100 artificial islets, is located on the southeastern coast of island Pohnpei in Micronesia. This world-unique ruin, inscribed onto UNESCO& #8217 s World Heritage List in 2016, was built with basalt megaliths and scleractinian coral cobbles. Oral histories and previous charcoal 14C ages suggested that the main construction of Nan Madol of Pohnpei could begin in the 13th or 14th century and ceased at the 16th or 17th century, associated with the rise and fall of the Saudeleur Dynasty. However, after 150 years or more of studies, the timing of construction and the dynasty, and the probable influence of environmental factors, remain unresolved. High-precision U-Th dating techniques, developed at the High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, were used to date the selected pristine coral infills and reveal the construction time of the two ruins. With over 150 coral ages determined, results show a peak of construction activity during the middle 11th century could be related to the rise of the Saudeleur Dynasty. In the early 15th century, construction activities ceased, associated with the dynasty& #8217 s downfall. Our study shows that Nan Madol construction and the rise and fall of the dynasty occurred 2-3 centuries earlier than previously estimated. Moreover, the entire development was dominated by El Ni& #241 o-Southern Oscillation variability and tectonic-related sea level rise.
Initial measurement of beryllium‐9 using high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allows for more precise applications of the beryllium isotope system within the Earth Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2021
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.9059
Abstract: Precise and accurate determination of the ratio of the cosmogenic nuclide 10 Be to the stable isotope 9 Be ( 10 Be/ 9 Be) is needed across multiple fields of research within the Earth Sciences. Current techniques used to measure the 9 Be content of geological materials generally require a large amount of s le or solution aliquot and present a large range of analytical precisions. A range of geological reference materials underwent whole‐rock dissolution and “strong” (0.04 M NH 2 OH.HCl in 25% acetic acid) and “weak” (0.02 M NH 2 OH.HCl in 10% acetic acid) leaching to represent a range of potential applications within the geosciences. After treatment, the 9 Be and major element (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al and Ti) content of s le solutions were determined by high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS) using a Thermo® ELEMENT XR instrument. The 9 Be concentration of whole‐rock and leaching solutions displayed a wide range of values within each geological reference material, generally following a uniform relationship implying a potential kinetic control on NH 2 OH leaching, as suggested by major element profiles. A precision of 0.1 to 1.4% is achieved independent of s le size or leaching strength. Initial results suggest that the use of HR‐ICP‐MS improves the precision of 9 Be analysis for a range of geological reference materials. A high precision is maintained despite reducing the s le size or strength of leaching solution. This has implications for the use of the Be isotope system within the Earth Sciences by reducing the propagated uncertainty of 10 Be/ 9 Be ratios or the mass of s le or 9 Be aliquot used.
Holocene Indian Ocean sea level, Antarctic melting history and past Tsunami deposits inferred using sea level reconstructions from the Sri Lankan, Southeastern Indian and Maldivian coasts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Possible link between multi-decadal climate cycles and periodic reversals of solar magnetic field polarity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Reappraisal of sea-level lowstand during the Last Glacial Maximum observed in the Bonaparte Gulf sediments, northwestern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Dataset for the establishment of an age model of marine sediment core KH19-6 Leg.4 PC10/MC14 collected from the Agulhas Ridge in the South Atlantic Ocean
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
A safer preprocessing system for analyzing dissolved organic radiocarbon in seawater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
New evidence of Hawaiian coral reef drowning in response to meltwater pulse-1A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Variability in the uranium isotopic composition of the oceans over glacial–interglacial timescales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Holocene Antarctic melting and lithospheric uplift history of the southern Okinawa trough inferred from mid- to late-Holocene sea level in Iriomote Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Holocene tsunami, storm, and relative sea level records obtained from the southern Hidaka coast, Hokkaido, Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Eurasian Ice Sheet collapse was a major source of Meltwater Pulse 1A 14,600 years ago
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2020
A Geomagnetic Paleointensity Record of 0.6 to 3.2 Ma From Sediments in the Western Equatorial Pacific and Remanent Magnetization Lock-In Depth
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017JB014450
Microbialites in Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (IODP Expedition 325, NE Australia)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Biopsychosocial sequelae and recovery trajectories from whiplash injury following a motor vehicle collision
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Dating tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Late Quaternary evolution of the Kumkol Basin at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau revealed by tectonic geomorphology and the analysis of in situ cosmogenic nuclides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Crustal anorthosite formation by deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation beneath fast‐spreading axis: Constraints from chronological approach, Sr isotope, and fluid–chromite inclusion investigation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1111/IAR.12423
Abstract: Hydrothermal circulation beneath the spreading axis plays a significant role in the exchange of energy and mass between the solid Earth and the oceans. Deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation down to the crust/mantle boundary in the fast‐spreading axis has been introduced by a number of studies regarding geological investigations and numerical models. In order to assess a reaction between hydrothermal fluid and host rock around the crust/mantle boundary, we conducted bulk trace element and Sr isotope analyses with a series of in situ investigations for crustal anorthosite, a reaction product between hydrothermal fluid and gabbro in the lowermost crustal section along Wadi Fizh, northern Oman ophiolite. In addition, we conducted titanite U–Pb isotope analyses to evaluate timing of the crustal anorthosite formation in the framework of the evolutional process of the Oman ophiolite. We estimated the formation age of the crustal anorthosite at 97.5 Ma ± 5.0 Ma, overlapping with the timing of the crust formation in the paleo spreading axis. The crustal anorthosite shows high‐Th/U ratio (~2.5) and high‐initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio (0.7050) due to seawater‐derived hydrothermal fluid ingress into the precursor gabbro. With using analytical technique of micro‐excavation at cryo‐temperature, we detected Cl from a few micrometer‐sized inclusion of aqueous fluid and chromite grains. The solubility of Cr was enhanced by complexation reactions with Cl in the hydrothermal fluid. Regarding reconstructed three‐dimensional mass distribution of the inclusion and chromite composition, maximum Cr content of parental fluid was estimated at ~69 000 μg/g. The exceptionally high‐Cr content was achieved locally by leaking of fluid and synchronous chromite crystallization during fluid entrapment. Presence of the deep‐seated hydrothermal circulation could be assigned to the segment end, where cold seawater penetrates into the lowermost crust and extract heat along widely spaced network‐like fluid channel.
Motor vehicle crash reconstruction: Does it relate to the heterogeneity of whiplash recovery?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-12-2019
Identification of 1771 Meiwa Tsunami deposits using a combination of radiocarbon dating and oxygen isotope microprofiling of emerged massive Porites boulders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
A review of MIS 5e sea-level proxies around Japan
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-04-2021
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-13-1477-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Sea-level proxies for Marine Isotopic Stage 5e (MIS 5e, ca. 124 ka) are abundant along the Japanese shoreline and have been documented for over at least the past 60 years. The bulk of these sea-level proxies are identified in Japan as marine terraces, often correlated by stratigraphic relationships to identified tephra layers, or other chronologically interpreted strata. Use of stratigraphic correlation in conjunction with other techniques such as paleontological analysis, tectonic uplift rates, tephra (volcanic ash), uranium–thorium (U–Th), and carbon-14 (14C) dating have connected Japan's landforms to global patterns of sea-level change. This paper reviews over 60 years of publications containing sea-level proxies correlated with MIS 5e in Japan. Data collected for this review have been added to the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), following their standardizations on the elements necessary to analyze paleosea-levels. This paper reviewed over 70 studies, assembling data points for over 300 locations and examining related papers denoting sea-level indicators for MIS 5e. The database compiled for this review (Tam and Yokoyama, 2020) is available at 0.5281/zenodo.4294326. Sea-level proxy studies in Japan rely heavily on chronostratigraphic techniques and are recognized as reliable, though opportunities exist for further constraining through the further use of numerical age dating techniques.
Late Holocene Changes in Erosion Patterns in a Lacustrine Environment: Landscape Stabilization by Volcanic Activity Versus Human Activity
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018GC008067
Midsagittal tissue bridges are associated with walking ability in incomplete spinal cord injury: A magnetic resonance imaging case series
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2018
Insight into Western Pacific Circulation from South China Sea Coral Skeletal Radiocarbon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2019.145
Abstract: The trajectory of the Kuroshio, the western boundary current in the north Pacific, influences regional climate. It intrudes into the South China Sea (SCS) through the Luzon Strait, resulting in the exchange of water, nutrients, heat, and salt between the Pacific and SCS. It has been reported that the trajectory of the Kuroshio has varied with decadal climate changes. However, there has been no report of an observation-based estimate of the variation in the Luzon Strait transport. Here, a 50-year, high-resolution coral skeletal radiocarbon (Δ 14 C) dataset from 1946 to 1994 is reported from Currimao, northwest of Luzon Island. Δ 14 C has been used as a sensitive tracer of seawater, and our data indicates a significant increase in Δ 14 C from 1946 to 1994 related to atmospheric nuclear bomb testing, with more rapid increase in the SCS than in the Pacific. The unusual, rapid Δ 14 C increase in the 1950s found in our SCS corals together with seasonal variation in Δ 14 C will helps constrain physical oceanographic models for the western Pacific, including the SCS.
A re-examination of evidence for the North Atlantic “1500-year cycle” at Site 609
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
In-situ and meteoric 10Be and 26Al measurements: Improved preparation and application at the University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Measurements of in situ produced 14C in terrestrial rocks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Intensification of the East Australian Current After ∼1400 CE
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-12-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022GL100945
Abstract: The East Australian Current (EAC) is the western boundary current of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre that transports warm tropical waters to higher southern latitudes and significantly impacts the climate of Australia and New Zealand. Modern observations show that the EAC has strengthened with rising global temperatures. However, little is known about the pre‐industrial variability of the EAC and the forcing mechanisms. Planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) Mg/Ca‐based sea surface temperature reconstructions offshore northeastern Australia between 15° and 26°S reveal an increase by ∼1.2°C after ∼1400 CE. We infer that the increase in temperature is related to a stronger EAC heat transport that is likely driven by a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyre circulation due to a progressive shift of the Southern annular mode toward its positive phase and of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation toward more El Niño‐like conditions.
A study on the interaction between extreme waves and coastal development processes for identification of tsunami and storm deposits in the tsunami far-field
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2021
Local marine reservoir age variability at Luzon Strait in the South China Sea during the Holocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Continental shelves, including contributions from the 17th INQUA Congress, Cairns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Small- to ultra-small-scale radiocarbon measurements using newly installed single-stage AMS at the University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Equatorial Pacific seawater pCO2 variability since the last glacial period
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-49739-0
Abstract: The ocean may have played a central role in the atmospheric p CO 2 rise during the last deglaciation. However, evidence on where carbon was exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere in this period is still lacking, h ering our understanding of global carbon cycle on glacial–interglacial timescales. Here we report a new surface seawater p CO 2 reconstruction for the western equatorial Pacific Ocean based on boron isotope analysis—a seawater p CO 2 proxy—using two species of near-surface dwelling foraminifera from the same marine sediment core. The results indicate that the region remained a modest CO 2 sink throughout the last deglaciation.
Water-load definition in the glacio-hydro-isostatic sea-level equation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2003
The undatables: Quantifying uncertainty in a highly expanded Late Glacial-Holocene sediment sequence recovered from the deepest Baltic Sea basin-IODP Site M0063
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006697
Data report: radiocarbon age of planktonic foraminifera collected at Site U1474, Natal Valley, IODP Expedition 361
Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program
Date: 30-03-2023
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2014
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/2015GC005982
Glacial mode shift of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation by warming over the Southern Ocean
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S43247-021-00226-3
Abstract: Abrupt climate warming events, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger events, occurred frequently during glacial periods, and are thought to be linked to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, the mechanism responsible is not fully understood. Here, we present numerical simulations with a sea-ice coupled ocean general circulation model that systematically investigate the thermal threshold where deep water formation, and hence the overturning circulation, shift abruptly when the sea surface cools or warms sufficiently. Specifically, in our simulations where the magnitude of the sea surface cooling is changed separately or simultaneously in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, a prominent threshold is identified when the Southern Hemisphere is slightly warmer than during glacial maxima. Abrupt mode changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, like those during Dansgaard-Oeschger events, occur past a threshold in a transient simulation where the Southern Hemisphere is gradually warmed. We propose that the Southern Ocean plays a role in controlling the thermal threshold of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a glacial climate and that Southern Ocean warming may have triggered Dansgaard-Oeschger events which occurred with long interval.
Elevated dust depositions in West Asia linked to ocean–atmosphere shifts during North Atlantic cold events
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 20-07-2020
Abstract: North Atlantic cold events in the past have been shown to cause large-scale atmospheric reorganizations. Results of our dust record from southeastern Iran, which is highly susceptible to capture dust storms from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula—the largest dust source on Earth—show a direct link between North Atlantic cooling and enhanced eastward dust transport from the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. This finding suggests that climate conditions over western Asia during these cold events were controlled by a southward shift in the winter position of the Northern Hemisphere westerlies and more susceptible to variations in the North American winter ice cover.
Conversion of GISP2-based sediment core age models to the GICC05 extended chronology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Sea-level during the early deglaciation period in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Last Glacial Lowstand and Shelf Exposure
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Last Glacial Interstadials
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Last glacial sea-level change deduced from uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Whiplash-Associated Dysphagia: Considerations of Potential Incidence and Mechanisms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2019
Monthly measurements of water dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in Lake Kawaguchi for three years indicating seasonal precipitation-groundwater variations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Rapid decline in pH of coral calcification fluid due to incorporation of anthropogenic CO2
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-07680-0
Abstract: Marine calcifying organisms, such as stony corals, are under threat by rapid ocean acidification (OA) arising from the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 . To better understand how organisms and ecosystems will adapt to or be damaged by the resulting environmental changes, field observations are crucial. Here, we show clear evidence, based on boron isotopic ratio (δ 11 B) measurements, that OA is affecting the pH of the calcification fluid (pH CF ) in Porites corals within the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre at two separate locations, Chichijima Island (Ogasawara Archipelago) and Kikaijima Island. Corals from each location have displayed a rapid decline in δ 11 B since 1960. A comparison with the pH of the ambient seawater (pH SW ) near these islands, estimated from a large number of shipboard measurements of seawater CO 2 chemistry and atmospheric CO 2 , indicates that pH CF is sensitive to changes in pH SW. This suggests that the calcification fluid of corals will become less supersaturated with respect to aragonite by the middle of this century (pH CF = ~8.3 when pH SW = ~8.0 in 2050), earlier than previously expected, despite the pH CF -upregulating mechanism of corals.
Coral reef diversity losses in China’s Greater Bay Area were driven by regional stressors
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-10-2020
Abstract: Poor water quality driven by increased nutrients is the main cause of coral ersity loss in southern China’s Greater Bay Area.
Non-destructive analyses to determine appropriate stratigraphic level for dating of tsunami deposits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Exposure age and ice-sheet model constraints on Pliocene East Antarctic ice sheet dynamics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS8016
Abstract: The Late Pliocene epoch is a potential analogue for future climate in a warming world. Here we reconstruct Plio-Pleistocene East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) variability using cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages and model simulations to better understand ice sheet behaviour under such warm conditions. New and previously published exposure ages indicate interior-thickening during the Pliocene. An ice sheet model with mid-Pliocene boundary conditions also results in interior thickening and suggests that both the Wilkes Subglacial and Aurora Basins largely melted, offsetting increased ice volume. Considering contributions from West Antarctica and Greenland, this is consistent with the most recent IPCC AR5 estimate, which indicates that the Pliocene sea level likely did not exceed +20 m on Milankovitch timescales. The inception of colder climate since ∼3 Myr has increased the sea ice cover and inhibited active moisture transport to Antarctica, resulting in reduced ice sheet thickness, at least in coastal areas.
Novel reverse radioisotope labelling experiment reveals carbon assimilation of marine calcifiers under ocean acidification conditions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-05-2020
Coupled uranium isotope and sea-level variations in the oceans
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Axial MRI biomarkers of spinal cord damage to predict future walking and motor function: a retrospective study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41393-020-00561-W
Abstract: Retrospective. Primary: to assess if axial damage ratios are predictors of future walking after spinal cord injury (SCI), and if they add any predictive value if initial neurological impairment grades are available. Secondary: to determine if lateral spinal cord regions are predictors of future lower extremity motor scores (LEMS). University/hospital. Axial T 2 -weighted MRIs were used. Axial damage ratios and non-damaged lateral cord volumes were calculated. Each participant answered at 1 year after SCI, “Are you able to walk for 150 feet? (45.72 meters)” For the secondary aim, right and left LEMS were used. In total, 145 participants were selected. In iduals that could walk had smaller ratios than those that were unable. Walking and axial damage ratios were negatively correlated. A 0.374 ratio cut-off showed optimal sensitivity/specificity. When initial neurological grades were used, axial damage ratios did not add predictive value. Forty-two participants had LEMS available and were included for the secondary aim. Right cord regions and right LEMS were positively correlated and left regions and left LEMS, but these variables were also correlated with each other. Axial damage ratios were significant predictors of walking ability 1 year after SCI. However, this measure did not add predictive value over initial neurological grades. Lateral cord regions correlated with same-side LEMS, but the opposite was also found, calling this biomarker’s specificity into question. Axial damage ratios may be useful in predicting walking after SCI if initial neurological grades are unavailable. This research was funded by a National Institutes of Health award, National Institute of Child Health and Development—NIH R03HD094577.
Compound-Specific 14C Dating of IODP Expedition 318 Core U1357A Obtained Off the Wilkes Land Coast, Antarctica
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.2458/56.17773
Abstract: This study applied compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) to a 186-m-long sediment core (U1357A) taken from Adélie Basin located on the continental shelf off Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. The CSRA targeted C 16 fatty acid as well as C 16 ., fatty acid and cyclopheophorbide- a -enol isolated from the sediment. Due to their high degradation rate, these compounds are expected to occur in low abundances in relict organic matter deposited at this site. Twelve compound-specific (CS) 14 C ages were obtained that are mostly consistent with their stratigraphic order. The CS 14 C results of all s les are Holocene in age (9800 to 440 cal BP). These results suggest that significant sedimentation started ∼10,000 cal BP. Moreover, the data suggest that 14 C measurements of C 16:1 fatty acid and cyclopheophorbide- a -enol are useful for dating sediments from the Southern Ocean.
Multidecadal oceanographic changes in the western Pacific detected through high-resolution bomb-derived radiocarbon measurements on corals
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017GC006854
Larger CO2 source at the equatorial Pacific during the last deglaciation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2014
DOI: 10.1038/SREP05261
Abstract: While biogeochemical and physical processes in the Southern Ocean are thought to be central to atmospheric CO 2 rise during the last deglaciation, the role of the equatorial Pacific, where the largest CO 2 source exists at present, remains largely unconstrained. Here we present seawater pH and pCO 2 variations from fossil Porites corals in the mid equatorial Pacific offshore Tahiti based on a newly calibrated boron isotope paleo-pH proxy. Our new data, together with recalibrated existing data, indicate that a significant pCO 2 increase (pH decrease), accompanied by anomalously large marine 14 C reservoir ages, occurred following not only the Younger Dryas, but also Heinrich Stadial 1. These findings indicate an expanded zone of equatorial upwelling and resultant CO 2 emission, which may be derived from higher subsurface dissolved inorganic carbon concentration.
Micropalaeontological evidence for Late Quaternary sea-level changes in Bonaparte Gulf, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Assessment of Northeastern Japan Tree‐Ring Oxygen Isotopes for Reconstructing Early Summer Hydroclimate and Spring Arctic Oscillation
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1029/2018GC007634
Abstract: The spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) significantly affects the subsequent summer rainfall in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region, and analysis of meteorological data indicates this teleconnection strength varied on interdecadal timescales during the late 20th century. Tree‐ring records may be able to extend the relatively short observational record, but the extent to which these proxy reconstructions correspond to AO variability has yet to be explored in this region. Therefore, we present new tree‐ring cellulose oxygen isotope (δ 18 O) records from northeastern Japan (Akita, northern limit of EASM), spanning a.d. 1950 to 2003 which overlaps with the instrumental record. Tree‐ring δ 18 O is used for reconstructing the past hydroclimate variability and allows us to consider whether tree‐ring δ 18 O has the potential to clarify the longer‐term interdecadal changes in the spring AO‐EASM relationship. Measurements and analyses show that our tree‐ring δ 18 O data sets have a significant negative correlation with May‐June‐July relative humidity, and the tree‐ring δ 18 O in northeastern Japan also significantly correlates with the summer EASM index. Temporal comparisons between our record and observed monthly AO index indicate that reconstructed following early summer relative humidity significantly correlates to the previous March‐April‐May AO. This linkage changes on interdecadal timescales, and the linkage is relatively strong during early 1970s through early 1990s. Similar results are also obtained using a separate tree‐ring δ 18 O record from a separate location about 200 km to the southeast, suggesting that tree‐ring cellulose δ 18 O in northeastern Japan is indeed useful for better understanding the long‐term teleconnection between the spring AO and EASM.
Temperature-controlled culture experiments with primary polyps of coral Acropora digitifera: Calcification rate variations and skeletal Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Na/Ca ratios
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Developing Ultra Small-Scale Radiocarbon Sample Measurement at the University of Tokyo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200045355
Abstract: We have developed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement techniques for ultra small-size s les ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 mg C with a new type of MC-SNICS ion source system. We can generate 4 times higher ion beam current intensity for ultra-small s les by optimization of graphite position in the target holder with the new ionizer geometry. CO 2 gas graphitized in the newly developed vacuum line is pressed to a depth of 1.5 mm from the front of the target holder. This is much deeper than the previous position at 0.35 mm depth. We measured 12 C 4+ beam currents generated by small standards and ion beam currents (15–30 μA) from the targets in optimized position, lasting 20 min for 0.01 mg C and 65 min for 0.10 mg C. We observed that the measured 14 C/ 12 C ratios are unaffected by the difference of ion beam currents ranging from 5 to 30 μA, enabling measurement of ultra-small s les with high precision. Examination of the background s les revealed 1.1 μg of modern and 1 μg of dead carbon contaminations during target graphite preparation. We make corrections for the contamination from both the modern and background components. Reduction of the contamination is necessary for conducting more accurate measurement.
AMS Dating of Potentially the Oldest Wooden Sculptures in Japan from a Shinto Shrine in Akita
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-05-2019
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2019.31
Abstract: We analyzed rare wooden Komainu found at Akagami Shrine in Akita prefecture, Japan. The formation of historical objects is often thoroughly recorded in documents, although the formation age of this particular Komainu sculpture is still unknown due to its antiquity. Thus, age determination exercises have been conducted using radiocarbon ( 14 C)-wiggle-matching techniques. Although only a limited quantity was available for s ling, we have successfully measured 14 C s les in the sculptures along with several sets of tree rings. We interpret the Komainu sculptures age considering the age of the trees and the result obtained from the wooden construction materials used for the Akagami shrine. The results obtained from Komainu show a range from 550 CE to 1020 CE, which is consistent with the dates of the shrine’s formation. Thus, the multiple 14 C-wiggle-matching method can determine precise calendar ages of wood, as well as provide some supportive information for the periods when there are no reliable historical documents.
A 7,500-year-long record of extreme wave events from tidal Lake Hamana, south-central Japan 
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-02-2202
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-17346
Abstract: & & Lake Hamana is a brackish lake with an area of 64 km& sup& & /sup& , facing the eastern Nankai Trough and connected to the Pacific Ocean. The lake has experienced tsunami intrusion during historical Nankai Trough megathrust earthquakes, and it therefore has the potential to contain a valuable sedimentary archive of wash-over events caused by tsunamis, but also by storms. Analysis of geophysical surveying data and several sediment cores has allowed a 7.5-kyr-long record of & #8805 22 event deposits to be extracted from the lake& #8217 s sedimentary infill. Event deposits are embedded in fine-grained (silty) lacustrine sediments and have a thickness between 1 and ~50 cm. They are often sandy and typically display an erosive base, a fining-upward sequence, semi-parallel to chaotic or deformational layering, stronger X-ray attenuation, an increased magnetic susceptibility and high values for ratios of Ca/Fe and Sr/Fe. They correspond to strong reflectors on seismic images and are interpreted as products of possible wash-over events (sandy, fining-upward) and earthquake shaking (silty, deformed). Wash-over event beds become thinner or even disappear and/or become finer-grained towards ocean-distal lake sites. Radionuclide dating and independent tephrostratigraphy show that ages of event deposits go back to 7.5 ka BP, with main recurrence modes of 150-200 years. Especially going back beyond 5 ka BP, the Lake Hamana record has the potential to help fine-tune the existing megathrust records along the eastern Nankai Trough subduction zone.& &
Melting of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Beryllium Isotope and Grain Size of Marine Sediment Records
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.22541/ESSOAR.168500388.82176124/V1
Abstract: The rapidly melting Totten Glacier of East Antarctica drains a basin containing ~3.5 m sea-level rise equivalent of ice, but the Totten Glacier dynamics and interaction with the Southern Ocean since the Last Glacial Maximum is not well understood. To better understand the response of the glacier to present and future climate changes, an accurate reconstruction of the retreat history of the Totten Glacier is needed. Hence, this study uses a multiproxy approach in analyzing beryllium isotopes, the first such record from this location, and grain size of a sediment core collected from the continental slope adjacent to Totten Glacier. The results, when evaluated together with nearby proxy records, reveal that the initial deglaciation of the Totten Glacier sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet began at ~18 ka BP. The rapid deglaciation from ~9 ka BP that followed is assumed to be caused by the intrusion of modified Circumpolar Deep Water to the grounding zone of the Totten Glacier. This intrusion may also be coupled with a weaker Antarctic Slope Current and southward shift of Antarctic easterlies. This result contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the dynamical response of marine-terminating glaciers to climate variability during the last deglaciation.
Growth patterns of the last ice age coral terraces at Huon Peninsula
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Tsunamis and submarine landslides in Suruga Bay, central Japan, caused by Nankai–Suruga Trough megathrust earthquakes during the last 5000 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
A Review of MIS 5e Sea-level Proxies around Japan
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-12-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Sea-level proxies for Marine Isotopic Stage 5e (MIS 5e, ca. 124 ka) are abundant along the Japanese shoreline, and have been documented for over at least the last 60 years. The bulk of these sea-level proxies are identified in Japan as marine terraces, often correlated by stratigraphic relationships to identified tephra layers, or other chronologically interpreted strata. Use of stratigraphic correlation in conjunction with other techniques such as paleontological analysis, tectonic uplift rates, tephra (volcanic ash), Uranium-Thorium (U/Th), Carbon-14 (14C), and Optically Stimulated Luminesce (OSL) dating techniques have connected Japan’s landforms to global patterns of sea-level change. This paper reviews over 60 years of publications containing sea-level proxies correlated to forming during MIS 5e in Japan. Data collected for this review have been added to the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), following their standardizations on the elements necessary to analyze paleo sea-levels. This paper reviewed over 70 studies, assembling data points for 300+ locations and examining related papers denoting sea-level indicators for MIS 5e. The database compiled for this review review (Tam and Yokoyama, 2020) is available at: 0.5281/zenodo.4294326 .
Weak monsoon event at 4.2 ka recorded in sediment from Lake Rara, Himalayas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Orbital-scale environmental and climatic changes recorded in a new ∼200,000-year-long multiproxy sedimentary record from Padul, southern Iberian Peninsula
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
A single stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Relationship between early summer precipitation in Japan and the El Niño-Southern and Pacific Decadal Oscillations over the past 400 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
A Reconstruction of Subtropical Western North Pacific SST Variability Back to 1578, Based on aPoritesCoral Sr/Ca Record from the Northern Ryukyus, Japan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017PA003203
Incorporation of Mg, Sr, Ba, U, and B in High-Mg Calcite Benthic Foraminifers Cultured Under Controlled p CO2
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1002/2017GC007225
Seismic history of a bedrock fault scarp using quantitative morphology together with multiple dating methods: A case study of the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, southwestern Shanxi Rift, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2015
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006426
Spatial extent of the mid- to late Holocene sedimentary record of tsunamis along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2022
Spatial extension of the mid to late Holocene sedimentary record of tsunamis along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido Japan
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2021
Depositional environments beneath the shelf-edge slopes of the Great Barrier Reef, inferred from foraminiferal assemblages: IODP Expedition 325
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Supplementary material to "A Review of MIS 5e Sea-level Proxies around Japan"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-12-2020
Course and prognostic factors of whiplash: A systematic review and meta-analysis ☆
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 15-09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.PAIN.2008.02.019
Abstract: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of subjects with acute whiplash injuries. The aim was to describe the course of recovery, pain and disability symptoms and also to assess the influence of different prognostic factors on outcome. Studies were selected for inclusion if they enrolled subjects with neck pain within six weeks of a car accident and measured pain and/or disability outcomes. Studies were located via a sensitive search of electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane database, ACP Journal club, DARE and Psychinfo and through hand-searches of relevant previous reviews. Methodological quality of all studies was assessed using a six item checklist. Sixty-seven articles, describing 38 separate cohorts were included. Recovery rates were extremely variable across studies but homogeneity was improved when only data from studies of more robust methodological quality were considered. These data suggest that recovery occurs for a substantial proportion of subjects in the initial 3 months after the accident but after this time recovery rates level off. Pain and disability symptoms also reduce rapidly in the initial months after the accident but show little improvement after 3 months have elapsed. Data regarding the prognostic factors associated with poor recovery were difficult to interpret due to heterogeneity of the techniques used to assess such associations and the way in which they are reported. There was also wide variation in the measurement of outcome and the use of validated measures would improve interpretability and comparability of future studies.
Studies of the Quaternary in Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Sediment source-to-sink, human influences and paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the coastal zone of East and Southeast Asia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum: sea-level change during Oxygen Isotope Stages 3 and 2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
A Characteristic Form of Diatom Melosira as an Indicator of Marine Limit during the Holocene in Japan.
Publisher: Japan Association for Quaternary Research
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.4116/JAQUA.35.99
Muscle fat infiltration following whiplash: A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging comparison
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-06-2020
10Be evidence for delayed acquisition of remanent magnetization in marine sediments: Implication for a new age for the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
Influence of the Schwabe/Hale solar cycles on climate change during the Maunder Minimum
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S1743921309993048
Abstract: We have examined the variation of carbon-14 content in annual tree rings, and investigated the transitions of the characteristics of the Schwabe/Hale (11-year/22-year) solar and cosmic-ray cycles during the last 1200 years, focusing mainly on the Maunder and Spoerer minima and the early Medieval Maximum Period. It has been revealed that the mean length of the Schwabe/Hale cycles changes associated with the centennial-scale variation of solar activity level. The mean length of Schwabe cycle had been ~14 years during the Maunder Minimum, while it was ~9 years during the early Medieval Maximum Period. We have also found that climate proxy record shows cyclic variations similar to stretching/shortening Schwabe/Hale solar cycles in time, suggesting that both Schwabe and Hale solar cycles are playing important role in climate change. In this paper, we review the nature of Schwabe and Hale cycles of solar activity and cosmic-ray flux during the Maunder Minimum and their possible influence on climate change. We suggest that the Hale cycle of cosmic rays are lified during the grand solar minima and thus the influence of cosmic rays on climate change is prominently recognizable during such periods.
A sea-level plateau preceding the Marine Isotope Stage 2 minima revealed by Australian sediments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-42573-4
Abstract: Further understanding of past climate requires a robust estimate of global ice volume fluctuations that in turn rely on accurate global sea-level reconstructions. An advantage of Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2) is the availability of suitable material for radiocarbon dating to allow comparison of sea-level data with other paleoclimatic proxies. However, the number and accuracy of sea-level records during MIS 2 is currently lacking. Here we present the history of MIS 2 eustatic sea-level change as recorded in the Bonaparte Gulf, northwestern Australia by reconstructing relative sea level and then modeling glacial isostatic adjustment. The isostatically-corrected global sea-level history indicates that sea-level plateaued from 25.9 to 20.4 cal kyr BP (modeled median probability) prior reaching its minimum (19.7 to 19.1 cal kyr BP). Following the plateau, we detect a 10-m global sea-level fall over ~1,000 years and a short duration of the Last Glacial Maximum (global sea-level minimum 19.7 to 19.1 cal kyr BP). These large changes in ice volume over such a short time indicates that the continental ice sheets never reached their isostatic equilibrium during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Reply to the comment by W.R. Peltier
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
Gauging Quaternary Sea Level Changes Through Scientific Ocean Drilling
Publisher: The Oceanography Society
Date: 03-2019
Sediment waves on the Conrad Rise, Southern Indian Ocean: Implications for the migration history of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Rapid glaciation and a two-step sea level plunge into the Last Glacial Maximum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-018-0335-4
Abstract: The approximately 10,000-year-long Last Glacial Maximum, before the termination of the last ice age, was the coldest period in Earth's recent climate history
Evidence of solar insolation and internal forcing of sea surface temperature changes in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean during the Holocene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Towards solving the missing ice problem and the importance of rigorous model data comparisons
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-10-2022
A rapid and precise method of establishing age model for coral skeletal radiocarbon to study surface oceanography using coupled X-ray photos and ICP-AES measurement
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Efficient radiocarbon measurements on marine and terrestrial samples with single stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Advancing imaging technologies for patients with spinal pain: with a focus on whiplash injury
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
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