ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6440-0132
Current Organisation
Curtin University
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2022
Abstract: Truffles are considered one of the world's most highly prized foods mainly due to their desirable organoleptic properties and rarity. However, truffles are seasonal (harvested mostly in winter from June to August in the Southern Hemisphere and from December to February in the Northern Hemisphere) and extremely perishable. Truffles deteriorate rapidly showing undesirable changes within 10 days from harvest in aroma and visual appearance after harvest. The very short postharvest shelf life (about 7–10 days) limits the potential for export and domestic consumption all year round. Several preservation methods have been studied to prolong their shelf life without the loss of aroma. However, all traditional preservation techniques have their own shortcomings and remain challenging. The extraction of natural truffle aroma volatiles for food applications could be a potential alternative to replace the existing synthetic flavoring used for processed truffle products. Four commonly used extraction methods for recovering volatile compounds from plants, namely, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, Soxhlet extraction, distillation, and cold pressing, are critically analyzed. Up to date, existing research about the extraction of aroma volatiles from truffles is limited in the literature but based on the volatility of the key truffle volatile compounds, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction may offer the best possibility so that a natural truffle‐based product that can be used in food applications throughout the year can be made available.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2022
DOI: 10.1002/JSF2.32
Abstract: Black truffle ( Tuber melanosporum ) is usually available in a form of a whole, offcut pieces (sliced to remove defects or broken from larger truffles) or freeze‐dried (one of the preservation methods), but there is insufficient knowledge about microbial spoilage of these products. The changes in the microbiology of whole, sliced, and freeze‐dried black truffles ( Tuber melanosporum ) were determined in this study. All truffle s les were vacuum‐packaged and stored at 4°C for 30 days and evaluated on day 0, 4, 8, 15, and 30. The total plate count, Pseudomonas spp. count, yeast, and mold count, as well as the presence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Bacillus spp., were examined. The main finding of this study was that the total microbial count, Pseudomonas spp. count, and yeasts count associated with the freeze‐dried truffles were generally lower than that of the whole and sliced truffles. While mold, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were not detected ( .00 log CFU/g), Bacillus spp. were detected at a very low count in all s le types ( .48 log CFU/g). Overall, the results suggest the need to establish an effective decontamination treatment before packaging and storage to delay microbial spoilage.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-08-2022
Abstract: Fresh truffles which include black truffle ( Tuber melanosporum Vittadini) deteriorate and lose aroma rapidly after harvest therefore, postharvest processing via freeze‐drying or encapsulation is an option to preserve truffle aroma for extended supply. However, the aroma profile that directly affects the truffle quality and consumer acceptance is influenced by processing and producers require processing options that balance processing feasibility with retention of a suitable aroma profile. This study aimed to determine the impact of freeze‐drying and encapsulation on the profile of key volatiles, consumer discrimination, and overall sensory impression (aroma intensity, liking, and acceptability) of processed truffle products compared to the starting material (positive control). The study combined experimental‐scale processing with GC‐MS analysis and consumer sensory evaluation to compare and optimize postharvest processing options. Based on the results, some volatile changes were detected in the processed truffle products compared to the positive control which were aligned with the consumer discrimination (triangle test) and the aroma intensity score (consumer sensory test). Despite some chemical and sensory differences detected, the consumer panel did not have any preference for processed truffle products compared to the positive control. The overall finding indicates the potential value of processing truffles into a natural flavoring ingredient for food application via freeze‐drying or encapsulation, which should be of great interest for the truffle and food industry. According to the correlation analysis, the consumer acceptance of a truffle product may be increased by retaining 1‐octen‐3‐ol and methional, while reducing the amount of p ‐cresol in the product. The postharvest process of turning truffles into a food flavoring ingredient may cause undesirable volatile changes that would directly impact the aroma quality and consumer acceptance of the processed truffle products. Hence, the impacts of freeze‐drying and encapsulation on the chemical and sensory profile of truffles were evaluated in this study. Overall, the results of the concurrent instrument and sensory analysis demonstrated that both freeze‐drying and encapsulation are potential options for processing.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2022
Abstract: This study aimed to develop a novel technique to retain and stabilize compounds contributing to truffle aroma by encapsulation using β‐cyclodextrin. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the key volatile profile and microbial population of products resulting from three different encapsulation methods, namely direct mixing method (M1), direct mixing followed by ethanol addition method (M2), and paste method (M3), were compared with untreated truffles (positive control) over a 90‐day period. The M2‐derived product was the least optimal for retaining key volatile compounds despite showing the lowest microbial population. There was no significant difference in the volatile profile of products derived from M1 and M3 on day 0. However, it was observed that the M3‐derived product could retain its volatile profile better than the M1‐derived product by day 90. M3 was compared with freeze‐drying in the second experiment. Freeze‐dried truffles showed an overall higher relative percentage of volatiles than the M3‐derived product on day 0. However, by day 90, some volatile changes occurred in the freeze‐dried truffles but not in the M3‐derived product. The findings indicate that while freeze‐drying could adequately conserve truffle volatiles, the encapsulation of volatile compounds in β‐cyclodextrin could improve the volatile stability of truffle products and allow for longer storage times. Microbes were found in all encapsulated truffle products and freeze‐dried truffles on days 0 and 90, suggesting the need to explore the possibility of incorporating a decontamination step in the process prior to either encapsulation or freeze‐drying. A technique to capture and stabilize compounds responsible for truffle aroma by encapsulation using β‐cyclodextrin was developed and compared with freeze‐drying in this study. The overall finding suggests that while freeze‐drying of truffle could sufficiently preserve volatiles, encapsulating truffle volatiles with β‐cyclodextrin may improve its stability, extending its shelf life, which can be applied in the development of a natural truffle ingredient that can be applied in food product development.
No related grants have been discovered for Win Nee Phong.