ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3486-2130
Current Organisations
University of Wollongong
,
University of Technology Sydney
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Civil Engineering | Civil Geotechnical Engineering |
Rail Infrastructure and Networks | Management of Solid Waste from Transport Activities | Information Processing Services (incl. Data Entry and Capture)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-10-2020
Abstract: The sand surface is considered a critical injury and performance contributing factor in different sports, from beach volleyball to greyhound racing. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding the dynamic behaviour of sport sand surfaces, particularly their vibration behaviour under impact loads. The purpose of this research was to introduce different measurement techniques to the study of sports sand surface dynamic behaviour. This study utilised an experimental drop test, accelerometry, in-situ moisture content and firmness data, to investigate the possible correlation between the sand surface and injuries. The analysis is underpinned by data gathered from greyhound racing and discussed where relevant.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-01-2019
DOI: 10.3390/GEOSCIENCES9010030
Abstract: Railway tracks are conventionally built on compacted ballast and structural fill layers placed above the natural (subgrade) foundation. However, during train operations, track deteriorations occur progressively due to ballast degradation. The associated track deformation is usually accompanied by a reduction in both load bearing capacity and drainage, apart from imposing frequent track maintenance. Suitable ground improvement techniques involving plastic inclusions (e.g., geogrids) and energy absorbing materials (e.g., rubber products) to enhance the stability and longevity of tracks have become increasingly popular. This paper presents the outcomes from innovative research and development measures into the use of plastic and rubber elements in rail tracks undertaken at the University of Wollongong, Australia, over the past twenty years. The results obtained from laboratory tests, mathematical modelling and numerical modelling reveal that track performance can be improved significantly by using geogrid and energy absorbing rubber products (e.g., rubber crumbs, waste tire-cell and rubber mats). Test results show that the addition of rubber materials can efficiently improve the energy absorption of the structural layer and also reduce ballast breakage. Furthermore, by incorporating the work input parameters, the energy absorbing property of the newly developed synthetic capping layer is captured by correct modelling of dilatancy. In addition, the laboratory behavior of tire cells and geogrids has been validated by numerical modelling (i.e., Finite Element Modelling-FEM, Discrete Element—DEM), and a coupled DEM-FEM modelling approach is also introduced to simulate ballast deformation.
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 02-2022
Abstract: Recycling waste materials for transport infrastructure such as coal wash (CW), steel furnace slag (SFS), fly ash (FA) and recycled tyre products is an efficient way of minimising the stockpiles of waste materials while offering significant economic and environmental benefits, as well as improving the stability and longevity of infrastructure foundations. This paper presents some of the most recent state-of-the-art studies undertaken at the University of Wollongong, Australia on the use of waste materials such as (a) CW-based granular mixtures (i.e. SFS + CW, CW + FA) for port reclamation and road base/subbase and (b) using recycled tyre products (i.e. rubber crumbs, tyre cell, under-sleeper pads and under-ballast mats) to increase track stability and reduce ballast degradation. Typical methods of applying these waste materials for different infrastructure conditions are described and the results of comprehensive laboratory and field tests are presented and discussed.
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 03-10-2023
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-08-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13169048
Abstract: This paper reviewed some salient features evolving through mathematical and numerical modelling of ballasted track components incorporating recycled rubber products. Firstly, a constitutive model based on the bounding surface concept was introduced to simulate the shear stress-strain response of waste mixtures (i.e., recycled rubber crumbs, coal wash, and steel furnace slag) used for the capping layer placed below the ballast medium, whereby the energy absorbing property resulting from the inclusion of different amounts of rubber has been captured. Subsequently, key research findings concerning the inclusion of recycled rubber mats on ballasted tracks for reduced particle degradation under cyclic loading were examined and discussed. Discrete element modelling (DEM) coupled with Finite element modelling (FEM) to micro-mechanically characterise ballast behaviour with and without rubber mats offers invaluable insight into real-life track operations. In particular, this coupled DEM-FEM model facilitates the exploration of micromechanical aspects of particle breakage, contact force distributions within the granular assembly, and the orientation of contacts during cyclic loading.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2014
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2014
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 21-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-08-2021
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2014
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2014
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 05-08-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP11198805
Abstract: Falls within children’s playgrounds result in long bone and serious injuries. To lower the likelihood and severity of injury, impact attenuating surfaces (IAS) are installed within the impact area (fall zone). There are three primary IAS materials used, namely: granulated rubber products, wood fibre products, and sand. There is a deficiency with existing IAS test methods in that they do not take account of sand degradation over time. When children use the playground, sand degradation can occur when sand produces fines and smaller particles with low sphericity and angular which fill the voids between the sand particles. These fines and smaller particles tend to bind the sand and lower its impact attenuating performance. This paper proposes an additional IAS test to eliminate sands that degrade above an established threshold rate after installation due to normal usage. IAS degradation properties of fifteen IAS sands were tested including sand particle shape, sand particle distribution, percentage fines and sand particle degradation. This accelerated ageing test method is applicable only to sands and not rubber or wood fibre IAS products. The best IAS sands were sourced from quarries located on rivers that had eroded volcanic outcrops. These sands were shown to degrade the least and had little to no fines, and their particle shape was rounded to well-rounded. The most reliable source for good quality IAS sands on these rivers was on specific bends. The sand mined at these locations consistently had a tight particle size distribution.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1051/E3SCONF/20199206004
Abstract: The practical application of waste materials such as steel furnace slag (SFS) and coal wash (CW) is becoming more prevalent in many geotechnical projects. It was found that the inclusion of rubber crumbs (RCs) from recycled tyres into mixtures of SFS and CW not only solves the problem of large stockpiles of waste tyres, it also can provide an energy-absorbing medium that will reduce track degradation. In order to investigate the influence of RC on the geotechnical properties of the granular waste matrix (SFS+CW+RC), a series of monotonic consolidated drained triaxial tests were conducted on waste mixtures. The test results reveal that the inclusion of RC significantly affects the geotechnical properties of the waste mixtures, especially their critical state behaviour. Specifically, the waste matrix can achieve a critical state with a low RC content ( %), whereas those mixtures with higher RC contents (20-40%) cannot attain a critical state within the ultimate strain capacity that can be applied to specimens using the traditional triaxial equipment. Therefore, for the waste matrix with higher RC contents extrapolation of the measured volumetric strains had to be adopted to obtain the appropriate critical state parameters. Moreover, the influence of energy absorbing property by adding RC on the critical state behaviour has also been captured through an empirical equation.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.438-439.1084
Abstract: Based on the platform of LabVIEW, a set of roller intelligent detecting system is developed. With this system, it is easy to realize functions of fast nondestructive testing of subgrade compaction degree, roller speed, rollers compaction trajectory, compaction times, GPS real-time positioning as well as saving and printing report forms. Compared with traditional detection methods, this detecting system can test and control on-site compaction quality much more easily, in order to speed up the construction progress, improve the quality of subgrade compaction, control and manage compaction work better.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.838-841.1186
Abstract: Based on LabVIEW platform, a highway nondestructive detection system was developed to detect highway subgrade layer and strcture characteristic. The integral principle of this system is dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh wave in different medium and the pronounced relationship between propagation velocity of Rayleigh wave and physical-mechanical properties of the medium. Using this test system to conduct a field test on a highway in Henan province and comparing the results with the actual situation, the results validated the practicability and reliability of the system.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2019
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2014
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 19-05-0011
Abstract: Among the numerous studies into the dynamic loading behaviour of rubber crumbs–soil/waste mixtures, the main focus is on how the content of rubber crumbs ([Formula: see text]) affects the d ing ratio, shear modulus and total deformation. However, research into the influence of [Formula: see text] on the permanent strain rate ([Formula: see text]) and the deformation mechanism under repeated loading is very limited. In the current study, the cyclic deformation response for waste mixtures of steel furnace slag (SFS), coal wash (CW) and rubber crumbs (RC) is analysed and the test results reveal that [Formula: see text] has a significant influence on the initial [Formula: see text] and the slope of the permanent axial strain rate line, whereas cyclic deviator stress ([Formula: see text]) mainly affects the initial [Formula: see text]. The influence of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the [Formula: see text] value of the waste mixture is incorporated in an empirical model, which enables prediction of the permanent deformation mechanism of SFS + CW + RC mixtures with wider-ranging amounts of RC and higher cyclic deviator stresses.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.361-363.1519
Abstract: A set of roller real-time detecting system is developed based on the platform of LabVIEW. In this system, GPS plays an important role of positioning the rollers track, time, speed as well as compaction times. With the friendly development environment of LabVIEW, GPS signals are collected, extracted, analyzed and processed to realizing real-time detecting. And the reliability and practicability of the detecting system program is confirmed by trail. With this great progress, a set of rollers real-time monitoring system can be easily formed, which is of great significance for scientists to further replace the traditional detecting test.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.405-408.748
Abstract: The underground water seepage is always the key and difficult point in waterproof engineering. Aiming at the characteristics of underground engineering waterproof, this paper describes how to make use of Rayleigh wave detection technology to detect leakage in underground works, and find disease location through the analysis of the dispersion curve, and then combine Rayleigh wave detection technology with polymer grouting technique grouting on the disengaging position, to achieve the effect of waterproof plugging. Research results show that through combining Rayleigh wave detection technique and the combination of polymer grouting technology, it is quicker and more convenient to manage underground leakage defects, which satisfies the project need and has wide application value and social benefits.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40534-021-00267-6
Abstract: Given that the current ballasted tracks in Australia may not be able to support faster and significantly heavier freight trains as planned for the future, the imminent need for innovative and sustainable ballasted tracks for transport infrastructure is crucial. Over the past two decades, a number of studies have been conducted by the researchers of Transport Research Centre (TRC) at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) to investigate the ability of recycled rubber mats, as well as waste tyre cells and granulated rubber to improve the stability of track substructure including ballast and subballast layers. This paper reviews four applications of these novel methods, including using recycled rubber products such as CWRC mixtures (i.e., mixtures of coal wash (CW) and rubber crumbs (RC)) and SEAL mixtures (i.e., mixtures of steel furnace slag, CW and RC) to replace subballast/capping materials, tyre cells reinforcements for subballast/capping layer and under ballast mats and investigates the energy dissipation capacity for each application based on small-scale cyclic triaxial tests and large-scale track model tests. It has been found that the inclusion of these rubber products increases the energy dissipation effect of the track, hence reducing the ballast degradation efficiently and increasing the track stability. Moreover, a rheological model is also proposed to investigate the effect of different rubber inclusions on their efficiency to reduce the transient motion of rail track under dynamic loading. The outcomes elucidated in this paper will lead to a better understanding of the performance of ballast tracks upgraded with resilient rubber products, while promoting environmentally sustainable and more affordable ballasted tracks for greater passenger comfort and increased safety.
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 10-2023
Abstract: Understanding and quantifying the long-term deformation behaviour of granular materials under repeated loads is imperative for ensuring the longevity of railway tracks. One of the most relevant characteristics of granular materials under repeated cycles of loading and unloading is their ability to achieve a relatively stable state (shakedown) after being subjected to initial compression. The shakedown response of blended rubber–granular waste mixtures under triaxial test conditions has been investigated in past studies highlighting the influence of the rubber content, confining stress and cyclic loading litude. However, a clear methodology for estimating shakedown yield limits of these granular mixtures has not been discussed in detail. The current study highlights the influence of the peak shear strength of these mixtures under static loading on their shakedown response in cyclic loading conditions. It is observed that the variation of static shear strength with rubber contents and confining stresses is found to affect the shakedown response. A unified method of estimating the shakedown limit is proposed by analysing permanent axial strains with normalised cyclic stress ratio at different loading cycles. The proposed method is validated through two independent sets of drained cyclic triaxial test data on coal wash–rubber crumb mixtures and rail ballast.
Start Date: 2018
End Date: 2020
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2019
End Date: 2020
Funder: University of Wollongong
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2022
End Date: 07-2025
Amount: $540,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 09-2021
End Date: 09-2024
Amount: $713,696.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity