ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7892-9635
Current Organisation
Accelagen
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-09-2014
Abstract: The prevalences of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus (HPV) in Sri Lanka are not well reported the objective of this study is to describe the prevalences of these four sexually transmitted infections among attendees of sexual health clinic in an urban setting. Vaginal swabs were collected from consenting women attending a sexual health clinic and tested for the presence of the above sexually transmitted infections using nucleic acid lification techniques. Basic demographic details were sought from each participant (483 women of age range 14–61, median 30 years, IQR 12 years) via a research assistant–administered questionnaire. Overall, a prevalence of T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and HPV was 2.3%, (95% CI: 1.2–4.1%), 8.2% (95% CI: 5.6–11.4%), 7.6% (95% CI: 5.2–10.8%), and 44.4% (95% CI: 39.8–49.1%), respectively. Among the 197 positive for HPV, HPV6 accounted for 23.1%, HPV16 (12.5%), then HPV11, HPV66 and HPV58 were the commonest. Vaccine-related types (6/11/16/18) were detected in 59.9% of cases (95%CI: 52.7–66.8%). The high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (45.2%) is a potential risk factor for an increase in HIV infections in the country and the high carriage of HPV supports the need for cervical cancer screening and prevention programmes.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2600740
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2013
Abstract: The quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine has been provided in Australia through the National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program since April 2007. National registry data demonstrates good coverage of the vaccine, with 73% of school-aged girls having received all three doses. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, we propose a two-pronged approach. In one (sub study A), the prevalence of the vaccine-targeted human papillomavirus genotypes in a population cohort is being estimated, and will be analysed in relation to vaccination status, cervical cytology screening status, demographic, social, behavioural, medical and clinical factors. In sub study B, the distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes detected in high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions from vaccine eligible women is being assessed. Sub Study A involves the recruitment of 1569 women aged 18–25, residing in Victoria, Australia, through Facebook advertising. Women who are sexually active are being asked to provide a self-collected vaginal swab, collected at home and posted into the study centre, where human papillomavirus DNA detection and genotyping is performed. Participants also complete an online questionnaire regarding sexual history, experience with, knowledge of, and attitudes towards human papillomavirus, the human papillomavirus vaccine, and cervical screening. Sub Study B will involve the collection of 500 cervical biopsies, positively identified as containing high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and/or adenocarcinoma in situ. Five serial sections are being taken from each case: sections 1 and 5 are being assessed to confirm the presence of the high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions or adenocarcinoma in situ human papillomavirus genotyping is performed on sections 2 and 3 single lesions are excised from section 4 using laser capture microdissection to specifically define causality of a human papillomavirus genotyping of each specific lesion. Australia is well placed to gain a clear and early insight into the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus vaccine in reducing the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in young women, and any subsequent reduction in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions, specifically high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, particularly of vaccine related types. The findings of a successful population based human papillomavirus program will have wide-reaching translational benefits across the globe.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-03-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00125-008-0934-Y
Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of insulin resistance on endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) and small mesenteric artery endothelial function using 25-week-old insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats (OZRs) and lean littermate control rats (LZRs). The involvement of gap junctions and their connexin subunits in the EDHF relaxation response was also assessed. Mesenteric arteries were evaluated using the following assays: (1) endothelial function by pressure myography, with internal diameter recorded using video microscopy (2) connexin protein levels by western blotting and (3) Cx mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Relaxations in response to acetylcholine were significantly smaller in mesenteric arteries from the OZRs than the LZRs, whereas there was no difference in relaxations in response to levcromakalim. Responses to acetylcholine were not altered by nitric oxide inhibitors, but were abolished by charybdotoxin in combination with apamin, which blocked the EDHF component of the response. 40Gap27 significantly attenuated the response to acetylcholine in the LZRs, but had no effect in the OZRs. Connexin 40 protein and Cx40 mRNA levels in mesenteric vascular homogenates were significantly smaller in the OZRs than in the LZRs, with no difference in connexin 43 or Cx43 mRNA levels. These findings demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries from the insulin-resistant OZRs can be attributed to a defect in EDHF. The results also suggest that the defective EDHF is at least partly related to an impairment of connexin 40-associated gap junctions, through a decrease in connexin 40 protein and Cx40 mRNA expression in the OZRs.
No related grants have been discovered for Elisa Young.