ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4596-7218
Current Organisations
North-West University
,
University of Johannesburg
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Publications
Pulse pressure amplification and its relationship with age in young, apparently healthy black and white adults: The African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2017.08.070
Abstract: Pulse pressure lification (PPA), i.e. the lification from central arteries to the periphery, is inversely related to arterial stiffness, organ damage and mortality. It is known that arterial stiffness is higher in black than white populations, but it is unclear if this is due to early vascular aging. We therefore investigated whether PPA declines earlier in young normotensive black South Africans, when compared to their white counterparts. We included 875 black and white men and women from the African-PREDICT study (55% black, 41% men), aged 20-30years, with no prior diagnosis of chronic disease, screened for normotensive clinic blood pressure (BP). We determined supine central PP (cPP), and supine brachial systolic- and diastolic BP, from which brachial PP (bPP) was calculated. PPA was defined as the ratio of the litude of the PP between these distal and proximal locations (bPP/cPP). We found the mean PPA to be lower in black compared to white participants (1.43 vs. 1.46 P=0.013). In black adults PPA declined earlier with increasing age (P-trend<0.001), with a weak trend in whites (P=0.069) after adjustment for sex, socio-economic status, height, heart rate and mean arterial pressure. In multivariable-adjusted regression, we found an independent inverse association between PPA and age only in the black group (β=-0.18, P=0.002). PPA declines earlier with age in normotensive black adults younger than 30years, exemplifying early vascular aging which may predispose black in iduals to future cardiovascular outcomes.
Growth differentiating factor-15 and its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors: The African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Aldosterone and angiotensin II profiles in young black and white women using different hormonal contraceptives: the African-PREDICT study.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41371-021-00569-6
Abstract: Exogenous estrogens and progestins may affect the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Changes in ventricular blood volume are associated with increased secretion of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which may also be affected by hormonal contraceptives. In this study, we aimed to compare components of the RAAS and NT-proBNP between groups using different hormonal contraceptives, including the combination pill, the injection or implant, and controls (no contraception) in black and white women of fertile age (20 - 30 years). Secondly, we determined whether blood pressure and NT-proBNP are associated with the RAAS components. We included 397 black and white women not using contraceptives, 120 using the combination pill, and 103 receiving an injection/implant. RAAS Triple-A analysis was carried out with LC-MS/MS quantification, and blood pressure measurements (ABPM) taken over 24 h. We found that serum aldosterone was higher (475.7 vs. 249.2 pmol/L p < 0.001) in the combination pill group than in the no contraception group of white women. The aldosterone-angiotensin II ratio (AA2) was higher (5.4 vs. 2.5 p < 0.001) in the combination pill group than in the no contraception group. In the black women using the combination pill, we found a borderline-positive and borderline-negative association between 24-h systolic blood pressure and NT-proBNP with equilibrium (eq) Ang II, respectively. In white women using the combination pill, only CRP contributed positively and independently to NT-proBNP. To conclude, activation of RAAS by different hormonal contraceptives may increase future risk for the development of hypertension in young black and white women.
Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor Is Adversely Associated with Indices of Left Ventricular Structure and Function: The African-PREDICT Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-04-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCDD9050130
Abstract: This study aims to compare soluble (pro)renin receptor [s(P)RR] levels between black and white adults and to explore the associations of left ventricular (LV) structure and function with s(P)RR in the total and ethnicity-stratified groups. The study s le included 1172 apparently healthy black (n = 587) and white (n = 585) participants of the African-PREDICT study aged 20–30 years. Echocardiography was performed to determine relative wall thickness (RWT), LV mass index, LV ejection fraction and stroke volume index (SVi). s(P)RR was analyzed from serum s les, while plasma renin activity-surrogate (PRA-S) and eq angiotensin II were determined using the RAS™ Fingerprint. s(P)RR was higher in the white participants compared to the black participants (p 0.001). In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses, we observed a positive association between RWT and s(P)RR (β = 0.141 p = 0.005) and negative associations of LV ejection fraction (β = −0.123 p = 0.016) and SVi (β = −0.144 p = 0.004) with s(P)RR only in white adults. Higher s(P)RR observed in white vs. black participants was associated with higher RWT and poorer LV function only in young white adults but not in their black counterparts. These results suggest that s(P)RR may contribute to LV remodeling and dysfunction in white populations due to its role in volume–pressure regulation and its proinflammatory as well as profibrotic effects.
Masked Hypertension in Low‐Income South African Adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JCH.12768
Markers of arterial stiffness and urinary metabolomics in young adults with early cardiovascular risk: the African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11306-023-01987-Y
Abstract: Increased exposure to risk factors in the young and healthy contributes to arterial changes, which may be accompanied by an altered metabolism. To increase our understanding of early metabolic alterations and how they associate with markers of arterial stiffness, we profiled urinary metabolites in young adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor(s) and in a control group without CVD risk factors. We included healthy black and white women and men ( N = 1202), aged 20–30 years with a detailed CVD risk factor profile, reflecting obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, masked hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and low socio-economic status, forming the CVD risk group ( N = 1036) and the control group ( N = 166). Markers of arterial stiffness, central systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity were measured. A targeted metabolomics approach was followed by measuring amino acids and acylcarnitines using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. In the CVD risk group, central systolic BP (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity) was negatively associated with histidine, arginine, asparagine, serine, glutamine, dimethylglycine, threonine, GABA, proline, methionine, pyroglutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and butyrylcarnitine (all P ≤ 0.048). In the same group, pulse wave velocity (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, mean arterial pressure) was negatively associated with histidine, lysine, threonine, 2-aminoadipic acid, BCAAs and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) (all P ≤ 0.044). In the control group, central systolic BP was negatively associated with pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid and dodecanoylcarnitine (all P ≤ 0.033). In a group with increased CVD risk, markers of arterial stiffness were negatively associated with metabolites related to AAA and BCAA as well as energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings may suggest that metabolic adaptations may be at play in response to increased CVD risk to maintain cardiovascular integrity.
Left ventricular mass independently associates with 24-hour sodium excretion in young masked hypertensive adults: The African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2018.11.116
Abstract: Due to the known contribution of excess sodium intake on elevations in blood pressure, salt reduction regulations are being introduced in countries all over the world. To study the contribution of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease development, we determined whether left ventricular mass associates with sodium excretion in young adults free from overt cardiovascular disease and those with masked hypertension. We included 681 participants (41% men and 50% black) in a cross-sectional analysis from the African-PREDICT study with complete 24-hour urine collections and successful ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (>70% valid readings). The participants were categorized as normotensive (n = 534) or masked hypertensive (n = 147). In addition, we determined left ventricular mass index (LVMI) along with traditional risk factors. Masked hypertensive in iduals had higher sodium excretion (149 vs. 128 mmol/L/day) and LVMI (78.1 vs. 69.6 g/m Our results indicated that higher sodium excretion (reflecting a higher salt intake) may contribute to increased left ventricular mass, potentially driven by the early development of masked or undetected hypertension.
Characterization of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Young Healthy Black Adults: The African Prospective Study on the Early Detection and Identification of Hypertension and Cardiovascular D
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16879
Abstract: This study presents a detailed profile of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), electrolytes, volume loading, blood pressure (BP), and total peripheral resistance in healthy young Black and White adults. We also explored longitudinal associations between BP and RAAS. We included normotensive Black (N=543) and White (N=573) adults (20–30 years) and followed N=324 over ≈4.5 years. We measured clinic (central, brachial) and 24-hour BP, total peripheral resistance and left ventricular dimensions. We determined serum NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide), RAAS, and 24-hour urinary and serum Na + and K + . RAAS components, left ventricular internal diameter (diastole), end diastolic volume and NT-proBNP were lower ( P .001) in Black than White adults, despite similar clinic SBP. However, central systolic BP and total peripheral resistance were higher in Black adults ( P .001). Plasma renin activity and angiotensin II were comparable between Black and White groups ( P .05) only in quartile 1 of Na + /K + values. In both groups, RAAS was lower in the higher quartiles of 24-hour Na + and NT-proBNP (all P -trend≤0.014). Over 4.5 years, all BPs increased in the Black ( P .001) but not White group. The increase in central systolic BP over time was associated with elevated serum aldosterone only in Black adults (β=0.18, P =0.038). We found that RAAS concentrations in healthy Black adults were half of those of White participants, which may not be explained by volume expansion. Yet, baseline aldosterone predicted BP elevation over time in Black adults. RAAS was similar in Black and White adults only at low Na + /K + scenarios, suggesting an essential role of potassium. URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT03292094.
Potassium excretion and blood pressure are associated with heart rate variability in healthy black adults: The African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2020.12.021
Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a main determinant of autonomic function and related to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Hypertension develops in black populations at an earlier age, which could be due to differences in the autonomic nervous system activity and sodium otassium handling in black and white populations. We investigated whether HRV is associated with 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) in a young bi-ethnic cohort. We examined 423 black and 483 white healthy adults (aged 24.5 ± 3.1 years) for 24 h HRV, including standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) reflecting autonomic variations over time, and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) reflecting parasympathetic activity. We measured 24 h urinary sodium and potassium concentration and BP. The black group had lower SDNN and potassium excretion as well as higher RMSSD, sodium and Na/k ratio compared to the white group (all p < 0.05). Only in black in iduals, urinary potassium excretion was independently and negatively associated with SDNN (β[95% CI] -0.26[-0.50 -0.02]ms) and RMSSD (-0.14[-0.27 -0.01]ms, p < 0.05). One unit increase in sodium otassium (Na/K) ratio was associated with higher SDNN (β[95% CI] 3.04[0.89 5.19]ms) and RMSSD (1.60[0.41 2.78]ms) in the black cohort only (both p < 0.001). In both groups elevated 24 h diastolic BP was associated with lower RMSSD (p < 0.05). Lower potassium excretion and higher Na/K ratio related independently to higher HRV in young and healthy black adults. A better ethnic-specific understanding of sodium and potassium handling is required as part of preventive cardiology, especially in black in iduals. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03292094 URL: t2/show/NCT03292094.
Recent advances in understanding hypertension development in sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2017
DOI: 10.1038/JHH.2017.18
Abstract: Consistent reports indicate that hypertension is a particularly common finding in black populations. Hypertension occurs at younger ages and is often more severe in terms of blood pressure levels and organ damage than in whites, resulting in a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This review provides an outline of recent advances in the pathophysiological understanding of blood pressure elevation and the consequences thereof in black populations in Africa. This is set against the backdrop of populations undergoing demanding and rapid demographic transition, where infection with the human immunodeficiency virus predominates, and where under and over-nutrition coexist. Collectively, recent findings from Africa illustrate an increased lifetime risk to hypertension from foetal life onwards. From young ages black populations display early endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular tone and reactivity, microvascular structural adaptions as well as increased aortic stiffness resulting in elevated central and brachial blood pressures during the day and night, when compared to whites. Together with knowledge on the contributions of sympathetic activation and abnormal renal sodium handling, these pathophysiological adaptations result in subclinical and clinical organ damage at younger ages. This overall enhanced understanding on the determinants of blood pressure elevation in blacks encourages (a) novel approaches to assess and manage hypertension in Africa better, (b) further scientific discovery to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies and
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results in South Africa
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/SUAA043
Abstract: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP and acting as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. As part of MMM, screening in South Africa in 2017 revealed that 24.5% of adults (mean age = 31 years) have hypertension and only half of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued screening and awareness c aigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The sites screened were general populations and university c uses in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness and allow access to screening to those less likely to be aware of their BP. In total, 2965 in iduals (age 40.5 ± 18.2 years) were screened. After multiple imputation for missing BP readings, 34.6% had hypertension, only 56.7% of those with hypertension were aware, 21.2% of those not receiving treatment for hypertension were hypertensive, and a large proportion (42.5%) of in iduals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP. These results suggest that opportunistic screening c aigns can identify significant numbers with undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension. The high proportions of in iduals with undiagnosed and treated uncontrolled hypertension highlight the need for hypertension awareness c aigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.
Aldosterone and renin in relation to surrogate measures of sympathetic activity: The SABPA study
Publisher: Clinics Cardive Publishing
Date: 28-02-2019
Urinary metabolomics, dietary salt intake and blood pressure: the African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41440-022-01071-3
Abstract: In Black populations excessive salt intake may exacerbate the genetic predisposition to hypertension and promote the early onset of cardiovascular disease. Ethnic differences in the interaction between sodium intake and the metabolome may play a part in hypertension and cardiovascular disease development. We determined (1) urinary amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles of young Black and White adults according to low, moderate, and high dietary salt intake, and (2) investigated the triad of salt intake, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the associated metabolomics profile. This study included 447 White and 380 Black adults aged 20-30 years from the African-PREDICT study. Estimated salt intake was determined from 24-hour urinary sodium levels. Urinary amino acids and acylcarnitines were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Black adults exhibited no significant differences in SBP, amino acids, or acylcarnitines across low ( 10g/day) salt intake. White adults with a high salt intake had elevated SBP compared to those with low or moderate intakes (p < 0.001). Furthermore, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (q = 0.020), citrulline (q = 0.020), glutamic acid (q = 0.046), serine (q = 0.054) and proline (q = 0.054) were lowest in those with higher salt intake. Only in White and not Black adults did we observe inverse associations of clinic SBP with GABA (Adj. R
Growth differentiating factor-15 and adiposity in young adults: The African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41366-021-00803-8
Abstract: Circulating growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that increases in older in iduals with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. To address potential targets in primary prevention, we aimed to determine whether body weight, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and leptin associate with GDF-15 in young underweight, lean and overweight/obese (ow/ob) adults. We included 1189 adults aged 20-30 years. We grouped participants as underweight (BMI ≤ 18 kg/m Our findings may suggest that in young adults with either underweight or excess adiposity, increased GDF-15 levels may contribute to the development of future cardiovascular health risks associated with pro-inflammation.
Large artery stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness in relation to markers of calcium and bone mineral metabolism in African women older than 46 years
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-08-2015
DOI: 10.1038/JHH.2014.71
Abstract: Vascular calcification and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with altered bone metabolism. We explored the relationships of arterial pressures and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and their ratio (PTH:25(OH)D3) as well as a marker of bone resorption (CTX) in lean and overweight/obese African women. A population of 434 African women older than 46 years was ided into lean and overweight/obese groups. We assessed brachial blood pressure, central pulse pressure (cPP) and CIMT, and determined PTH, 25(OH)D3 and CTX concentrations. Overweight/obese women had elevated PTH and PTH:25(OH)D3 compared with lean women (both P<0.001), whereas lean women had higher CTX (P<0.001). Single, partial and multiple regression analyses indicated that, in lean women CIMT was independently associated with PTH:25(OH)D3 (R(2)=0.22 β=0.26 P=0.003), whereas in obese women cPP was associated with both PTH:25(OH)D3 (R2=0.20 β=0.17 P=0.017) and CTX (R2=0.20 β=0.17 P=0.025). In conclusion, we found that in African women with increased adiposity, cPP (as a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness), was positively associated with alterations in bone metabolism and calciotropic hormones, whereas CIMT of lean women was positively associated with PTH:25(OH)D3. Our results suggest that alterations in bone and calcium metabolism may contribute to arterial calcification in older African women.
Ethnicity and Arterial Stiffness
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.313133
Abstract: Early vascular aging reflects increased arterial stiffness of central blood vessels at young chronological ages and powerfully predicts cardiovascular events and mortality, independent of routine brachial blood pressure and other risk factors. Since ethnic disparities exist in routine blood pressure, in hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes, this review evaluates major studies comparing arterial stiffness through the life course between different ethnic groups or races (which have no biological definition)—in children, adolescents, young, and middle-aged adults and the very elderly. Most report that compared with white European-origin s les, populations of black African descent have increased central arterial stiffness throughout different life stages, as well as a more rapid increase in arterial stiffness at young ages. Exceptions may include African Caribbean origin people in Europe. Differences in vascular structure and function are clearest, where obesity, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors are most marked. Few studies evaluate a wider spectrum of ethnic groups or factors contributing to these ethnic disparities. Genetic effects are not obvious maternal risk and intergenerational studies are scarce. Nevertheless, across all ethnic groups, for given levels of blood pressure and age, some people have stiffer central arteries than others. These in iduals are most at risk of vascular events and mortality and, therefore, may benefit from early, as yet untested, preventive action and treatment.
Quantification of systemic renin-angiotensin system peptides of hypertensive black and white African men established from the RAS-Fingerprint®
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-2016
Abstract: The objective of this study was to make use of a quantitative and qualitative approach comparing the systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) of hypertensive black and white African men by using RAS equilibrium analysis. This sub-study involved 23 black ( n = 15) and white ( n = 8) hypertensive men aged 39.5–41 years, living in the North West Province of South Africa. The RAS-Fingerprinting was determined with LC-MS/MS quantification of angiotensin peptides. Blood pressure and other variables were determined with known methods. The main finding of this study was the significant lower Ang I ( .0 and 45.1 pg/ml p = 0.005) and Ang II (15.6 and 123.9 pg/ml p ⩽ 0.001) encountered in the hypertensive black African men compared to their white counterparts. Levels of Ang 1-5 (downstream metabolite of Ang 1-7) (1.8 and 3.0 pg/ml), were detected in black and white hypertensive men, respectively. The observed differences between circulating RAS components, which are reflected via equilibrium angiotensin levels, point to a distinctive molecular regulation of the RAAS in the two study cohorts. The increased peripheral resistance observed in hypertensive black in iduals might take over a dominant role in control of blood pressure in this study population. A novel highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method resolved the issue of peptide recovery variations during s le preparation by using internal standards for each in idual angiotensin metabolite.
Plasma renin and cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test differ in black and white populations: The SABPA study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-08-2016
DOI: 10.1038/JHH.2015.88
Abstract: Low plasma renin levels and augmented cardiovascular reactivity to stress are common in blacks and have been linked to the development of hypertension in this population. We (i) compared cardiovascular and plasma renin reactivity to a cold pressor test between a black and white population and (ii) investigated the associations between cardiovascular and plasma renin reactivity within the black and white populations. Our population consisted of 153 black and 188 white men and women (age range, 20-65 years). We measured blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance (TPR), Windkessel arterial compliance, and determined plasma renin levels at rest and during the cold pressor test. Reactivity was calculated for each participant as the percentage change from the resting value. We found lower renin and elevated BP in blacks compared with whites at rest and during stress (both, P<0.001). During stress, HR increased more in blacks (P<0.001), whereas SV (P<0.001) and arterial compliance (P=0.013) decreased more in blacks compared with whites. TPR reactivity was positively associated with renin reactivity in blacks only (β=0.17 P=0.041), while in whites diastolic BP reactivity was positively associated with renin reactivity (β=0.21 P=0.005). Although blacks had suppressed renin levels at rest and during acute stress, vascular resistance reactivity associated positively with renin reactivity only in the black population. These results suggest that low renin levels in blacks during rest and stress are linked to increased peripheral vascular responses to stress, which may contribute to elevated BP in blacks.
Dietary sodium intake and its relationship to adiposity in young black and white adults: The African‐PREDICT study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JCH.13329
Correction to: Growth differentiating factor-15 and adiposity in young adults: The African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2022
Associations of central and peripheral blood pressure with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy young adults: the African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41440-020-00566-1
Abstract: This study investigated associations of brachial and central blood pressure (BP) with detailed renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) components in a healthy young population stratified according to ethnicity and sex. We included healthy black men (n = 285) and women (n = 304) and white men (n = 278) and women (n = 305) aged 20-30 years old. We derived central systolic BP (cSBP), measured clinic and 24-h systolic and diastolic BP. Aldosterone and equilibrium angiotensin levels were assessed and used for calculating angiotensin-derived markers for plasma renin activity (PRA-S, Angiotensin I + Angiotensin II), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-S, Angiotensin II/Angiotensin I), and two markers for adrenal effects of angiotensin II, the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR-S, Aldosterone/PRA-S) and the aldosterone-to-angiotensin II-ratio (AA2-R, Aldosterone/Angiotensin II)
Urinary metabolomics profiling by cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: the African Prospective study on Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension study
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-07-2022
The Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa Study (ExAMIN Youth SA)
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-04-2020
The Cardiotonic Steroid Marinobufagenin Is a Predictor of Increased Left Ventricular Mass in Obesity: The African-PREDICT Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12103185
Abstract: The endogenous Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, marinobufagenin (MBG), strongly associates with salt intake and a greater left ventricular mass index (LVMi) in humans and was shown to promote cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in animals. The adverse effects of MBG on cardiac remodeling may be exacerbated with obesity, due to an increased sensitivity of Na+/K+-ATPase to MBG. This study determined whether MBG is related to the change in LVMi over time in adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (obese) and kg/m2 (non-obese). The study followed 275 healthy participants (aged 20–30 years) from the African-Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT) study over 4.5 years. At baseline, we measured 24 h urine MBG excretion. MBG levels were positively associated with salt intake. LVMi was determined by two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline and after .5 years. With multivariate adjusted analyses in obese adults (N = 56), we found a positive association of follow-up LVMi (Adjusted (Adj.) R2 = 0.35 Std. β = 0.311 p = 0.007) and percentage change in LVMi (Adj. R2 = 0.40 Std. β = 0.336 p = 0.003) with baseline MBG excretion. No association of LVMi (Adj. R2 = 0.37 p = 0.85) or percentage change in LVMi (Adj. R2 = 0.19 p = 0.68) with MBG excretion was evident in normal weight adults (N = 123). These findings suggest that obese adults may be more sensitive to the adverse cardiac effects of MBG and provide new insight into the potential role of dietary salt, by way of MBG, in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling in obese in iduals.
The renin-angiotensin-system and left ventricular mass in young adults: the African-PREDICT study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-10-2020
The African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT): Design, recruitment and initial examination
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-01-2019
Abstract: Globally hypertension is stabilising, but in sub-Saharan Africa the incidence of hypertension remains on an increase. Although this might be attributed to poor healthcare and ineffective antihypertensive treatment, there is a limited understanding of population and in idual-specific cardiovascular pathophysiology – necessary for effective prevention and treatment strategies in Africa. As there is a lack of longitudinal studies tracking the early pathophysiological development of hypertension in black populations, the African-PREDICT study was initiated. The purpose of this paper is to describe the detailed methodology and baseline cohort profile of the study. From 2013 to 2017, the study included 1202 black ( N = 606) and white ( N = 596) men and women (aged 20–30 years) from South Africa – screened to be healthy and clinic normotensive. At baseline, and each 5-year follow-up examination, detailed measures of health behaviours, cardiovascular profile and organ damage are taken. Also, comprehensive biological s ling for the ‘omics’ and biomarkers is performed. Overall, the baseline black and white cohort presented with similar ages, clinic and 24-hour blood pressures, but black adults had lower socioeconomic status and higher central systolic blood pressure than white in iduals. The prospective African-PREDICT study in young black and white adults will contribute to a clear understanding of early cardiovascular disease development.
Related Organisations
WHO Special Programme For Research And Training In Tropical Diseases
Location: Switzerland
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Lebo Gafane-Matemane.