ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6128-2337
Current Organisations
North-West University
,
University of Johannesburg
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Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 20-09-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/SUAA043
Abstract: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP and acting as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. As part of MMM, screening in South Africa in 2017 revealed that 24.5% of adults (mean age = 31 years) have hypertension and only half of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued screening and awareness c aigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The sites screened were general populations and university c uses in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness and allow access to screening to those less likely to be aware of their BP. In total, 2965 in iduals (age 40.5 ± 18.2 years) were screened. After multiple imputation for missing BP readings, 34.6% had hypertension, only 56.7% of those with hypertension were aware, 21.2% of those not receiving treatment for hypertension were hypertensive, and a large proportion (42.5%) of in iduals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP. These results suggest that opportunistic screening c aigns can identify significant numbers with undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension. The high proportions of in iduals with undiagnosed and treated uncontrolled hypertension highlight the need for hypertension awareness c aigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-07-2020
Publisher: Clinics Cardive Publishing
Date: 19-12-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/HIV.13111
Abstract: We aimed to determine whether people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWHIV) have increased measures of arterial injury [carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT)] and large artery stiffness [carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)] when compared with their counterparts without HIV, and whether baseline markers of endothelial activation and cardiovascular risk are associated with cIMT and cfPWV after 5 years. We matched 126 PWHIV from North West Province, South Africa, to 126 without HIV according to age, sex and locality. Cardiovascular risk and endothelial function markers [soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1)] were measured at baseline and cIMT and cfPWV at follow‐up. This study included 21.4% men. The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increased from 44.1% at baseline to 81.4% at follow‐up. At follow‐up, cIMT ( P = 0.90) and cfPWV ( P = 0.35) were similar in the groups. Despite elevated ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 in the PWHIV (all P 0.001) at baseline, these markers did not associate with cIMT and cfPWV after 5 years. In multivariable‐adjusted regression analysis, cIMT associated positively with age ( β = 0.31, P = 0.002) and triglyceride: high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol ( β = 0.23, P = 0.016) in PWHIV. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) ( β = 0.28, P = 0.010) associated positively with cfPWV in the PWHIV. In the people without HIV, sex ( β = 0.31, P = 0.004) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ( β = 0.24, P = 0.026) associated with cIMT while age ( β = 0.17, P = 0.049), sex ( β = 0.29, P = 0.003), MAP ( β = 0.31, P = 0.001) and HbA1c ( β = 0.21, P = 0.041) associated positively with cfPWV. Measures of arterial structure and function were similar in Africans with HIV and their age, sex and locality matched controls. Traditional cardiovascular risk markers rather than elevated endothelial activation at baseline were independently associated with cIMT and cfPWV over 5 years.
No related grants have been discovered for Edith Phalane.