ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8538-2404
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Law And Society | Law | Administrative Law | Social Theory | Applied Ethics (Incl. Bioethics And Environmental Ethics) | Criminology | Policy and Administration | Public Policy | Sociology | Applied Ethics | Public Health And Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified | International Relations | Comparative Government And Politics | Causes and Prevention of Crime | International Relations | Social Change | Criminology | Research, Science And Technology Policy | Political Science | International Law | Intellectual Property | Other Behavioural And Cognitive Sciences | Other Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Law and Society | Commercial And Contract Law | Justice Systems And Administration | Law, Justice And Law Enforcement Not Elsewhere Classified | Australian Government And Politics | Population Trends And Policies | Social Policy And Planning
Combined operations | Justice and the law not elsewhere classified | Law enforcement | Public services management | International aid | Health related to ageing | Religion and ethics not elsewhere | Government and politics not elsewhere classified | Federalism in Australia | Institutional Arrangements for Environmental Protection | Women’s health | Political science and public policy | Crime Prevention | Industry policy | Microeconomic effects of taxation | Productivity | Understanding legal processes | Technological and organisational innovation | The aged | Defence and Security Policy | Health policy economic outcomes | Health policy evaluation | Public health not elsewhere classified |
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 07-02-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 07-07-2016
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199646135.013.40
Abstract: This chapter focuses on Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate (1992), a book by Ian Ayres and John Braithwaite that occupies a prominent place in the field of regulation. Combining law and economics with socio-legal studies, the book deals with a dynamic and gradual sanctioning regime known as the enforcement pyramid and favors the inclusion of third-party actors. This chapter considers the intellectual background and central argument of Responsive Regulation before assessing its overall contribution. It then examines three themes that are central to the book: the role of inspectors and their enforcement strategies, the importance of discretionary decision-making, and the role of regulatee motivations. Finally, it discusses some criticisms of Responsive Regulation and the immediate responses to them.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Abstract: In modern society corporate activities frequently result in serious harm, whether to the environment, to victims of industrial accidents, or to persons who suffer loss from fraudulent operations. In such cases who should be held responsible, the corporation or in idual employees? This book explains why accountability is rarely imposed under the present law, and proposes solutions which would help to extend responsibility to a wide range of actors. The authors develop an Accountability Model under which the courts and corporations work together to achieve accountability across a broad front.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1086/449287
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZL071
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.2307/3053994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2249544
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.329400
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1987
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.319602
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1981
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.330989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-01-1994
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/SREP42898
Abstract: The development of well-organized structures with high luminescent properties in the solid and aggregated states is of both scientific and technological interest due to their applications in nanotechnology. In this paper we described the synthesis of hiphilic and dumbbell shaped AIE-active tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives and studied their self-assembly with solvophobic control. Interestingly, both TPE derivatives form a 3D flower-shape supramolecular structure from THF/water solutions at varying water fractions. SEM microscopy was used to visualise step-wise growth of flower-shape assembly. TPE derivatives also show good mechanochromic properties which can be observed in the process of grinding, fuming and heating. These TPE derivative self-assemblies are formed due to two main important properties: (i) the TPE-core along with alkyl chains, optimizing the dispersive interactions within a construct, and (ii) amide-linkage through molecular recognition. We believe such arrangements prevent crystallization and favour the directional growth of flower-shape nanostructures in a 3D fashion.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.2307/3089030
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2016
DOI: 10.1002/MBO3.392
Abstract: Viral communities are important for ecosystem function as they are involved in critical biogeochemical cycles and controlling host abundance. This study investigates riverine viral communities around a small rural town that influences local water inputs. Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Mimiviridae, Herpesviridae, and Podoviridae were the most abundant families. Viral species upstream and downstream of the town were similar, with Synechoccocus phage , salinus , Prochlorococcus phage , Mimivirus A, and Human herpes 6A virus most abundant, contributing to 4.9–38.2% of average abundance within the metagenomic profiles, with Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus present in metagenomes as the expected hosts for the phage. Overall, the majority of abundant viral species were or were most similar to those of marine origin. At over 60 km to the river mouth, the presence of marine communities provides some support for the Baas‐Becking hypothesis “ everything is everywhere , but, the environment selects .” We conclude marine microbial species may occur more frequently in freshwater systems than previously assumed, and hence may play important roles in some freshwater ecosystems within tens to a hundred kilometers from the sea.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1007/BF01499133
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/LAPO.12173
Abstract: This article describes an environmental crisis in Iran that is actually a multidimensional crisis of law and policy. The article explores the restorative nodal governance response to such polycentric problems by weaving together five related ideas originating from criminologist and regulatory scholar Clifford Shearing: nodal governance regulatory culture as a storybook (rather than a rulebook) justice as a better future networked discovery of Awareness, Motivation, and Pathways for transformation and a green ethic of care to guide transformation. We use an imaginary of a river to learn from a confluence of these ideas. They involve nodes of local governance organized by front‐line workers who restoried intertwined problems with an ethic of care. The challenge uncovered is that restorative microstrategies proved promising when steering powerless actors, but frayed when faced with factory owners. More aggressive strategies of nodal governance may bring forth more responsive escalation in order to confront privilege. Yet such strategies might be more creatively escalated as nodes of conversational regulation that reconfigure Shearing's five insights to transform landscapes of power. A coherence discovered inductively across these insights revolves around restorative nodal contestation of hegemony. Even lives as infused with domination as those found along the Kashaf River in Iran, where our case study is set, can be restored in counterhegemonic ways.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1987
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1994
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-12-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2249569
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 02-10-2012
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 22-01-2016
Abstract: Microscale interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton underpin ocean biogeochemistry and frequently involve bacterial chemotaxis to phytoplankton dissolved organic matter (DOM). Yet, it remains unclear how the effects of this interaction propagate to ecosystem scales. We address this gap through a hybrid approach where high-resolution observations of chemotaxis toward a diatom are directly used in a resource utilization model. We find that chemotactic bacteria consume most diatom DOM under resource-rich or bacteria-rich conditions, that DOM is partitioned among distinct populations based on diffusivity, and that consumption is skewed toward very few cells. Nonmotile oligotrophic bacteria dominate when productivity is low. Motile copiotrophs dominate during blooms. Ocean chemotaxis thus partitions resources spatially, by molecular size, and temporally through seasonal and episodic blooms.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 26-07-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-10-2013
DOI: 10.1002/9781118517383.WBECCJ483
Abstract: John Braithwaite is a preeminent international criminologist whose scholarship transcends academic disciplines and reaches well into fields of practice. He is an Australian Research Council Federation Fellow and Founder of RegNet (the Regulatory Institutions Network) at the Australian National University. His research spans a wide range of topics including: criminological theory and the development of his theory of reintegrative shaming restorative justice business regulatory theory and reform including the prevention and control of corporate and white collar crime empirical research on intellectual property, nursing homes, occupational health and safety, pharmaceuticals, and tax avoidance and most recently peacebuilding.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 02-09-2009
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199548460.003.0021
Abstract: This article presents a sketch of the historical forces that have produced regulatory capitalism as a police economy. It shows that this police economy evolved from different feudal economies, the displacement of police with an unregulable nineteenth-century liberal economy, and the state provider economy that gave way to regulatory capitalism. This article determines that the reciprocal relationship between corporatization and regulation creates a world where there is more governance of all kinds.
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 12-08-2016
DOI: 10.3354/AME01788
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.875789
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1975
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF01308451
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 1998
Publisher: Brill | Nijhoff
Date: 2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.14219
Abstract: The composition and ersity of bacteria forming the microbiome of parasitic organisms have implications for differential host pathogenicity and host-parasite co-evolutionary interactions. The microbiome of pathogens can therefore have consequences that are relevant for managing disease prevalence and impact on affected hosts. Here, we investigate the microbiome of an invasive parasitic fly Philornis downsi, recently introduced to the Galápagos Islands, where it poses extinction threat to Darwin's finches and other land birds. Larvae infest nests of Darwin's finches and consume blood and tissue of developing nestlings, and have severe mortality impacts. Using 16s rRNA sequencing data, we characterize the bacterial microbiota associated with P. downsi adults and larvae sourced from four finch host species, inhabiting two islands and representing two ecologically distinct groups. We show that larval and adult microbiomes are dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, which significantly differ between life stages in their distributions. Additionally, bacterial community structure significantly differed between larvae retrieved from strictly insectivorous warbler finches (Certhidea olivacea) and those parasitizing hosts with broader dietary preferences (ground and tree finches, Geospiza and Camarhynchus spp., respectively). Finally, we found no spatial effects on the larval microbiome, as larvae feeding on the same host (ground finches) harboured similar microbiomes across islands. Our results suggest that the microbiome of P. downsi changes during its development, according to dietary composition or nutritional needs, and is significantly affected by host-related factors during the larval stage. Unravelling the ecological significance of bacteria for this parasite will contribute to the development of novel, effective control strategies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1994
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1982
DOI: 10.1177/001112878202800207
Abstract: The recent surge of governmental and scholarly interest in corporate crime seems likely to end or to slow down considerably under the Reagan administration. This paper examines six propositions jointly suggesting that corporate crime represents a more feasible and signifi cant crime control target than traditional crime. It is argued that the discredited doctrines of crime control by public disgrace, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation can be successfully applied to cor porate crime. This would be particularly true if the implications of our propositions were to form the basis for alterations in criminal law and criminal procedure.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1979
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-12-2012
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZS065
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-12-2012
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZS066
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-1990
DOI: 10.2307/2579648
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 13-10-2017
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-08-2015
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 31-03-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2377443
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1017/S0143814X00005006
Abstract: The concept of regulatory capture is multidimensional according to data from Australian nursing home inspectors. There are three empirically distinct forms of capture: identification with the industry, sympathy with the particular problems that regulated firms confront in meeting standards, and absence of toughness. Inspectors who have prior senior management experience in the industry tend to be less tough in their attitudes to regulatory enforcement. For the other two types of capture, it is not coming in the revolving door (from an industry job), but aspirations to go out of the revolving door (to an industry job) that predicts capture. Captured regulatory attitudes and revolving door variables have little power, however, in explaining the toughness of actual enforcement practices. We do find that over time tougher inspectors are more likely to leave the regulatory agency than softer inspectors. These data are used to inform a policy analysis of capture and corruption. It is concluded that there is limited analytical merit in a conception of capture as an enduring unitary character trait that is structurally determined by a history of interest group affiliations. Capture, we attempt to show, is instead a situational problem that requires situational solutions. Constraining the free movement of the revolving door by restricting regulatory appointments from or to the regulated industry is an ex le of a flawed policy grounded in an overdrawn structural determinism.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.2307/2075128
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.22459/PS.11.2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 06-1982
DOI: 10.2307/1288556
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2685495
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.330500
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 15-02-2018
DOI: 10.22459/CV.02.2018
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.22459/RAC.09.2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0168-8510(93)90085-4
Abstract: This paper seeks to address the issue of whether a resident-centred inspection process can be effective in a nursing home environment dominated by residents who require high levels of care. Two fundamental criticisms of the current Australian monitoring process are its reliance on standards that are subjective resident-centred standards and its reliance on the views of residents concerning the quality of care provided in the home. These criticisms are becoming all the more important as survival rates for the aged increase and the average level of disability of nursing home residents continues to worsen. Our data suggest that the resident-centred process, despite some difficulties, is both reliable and practical, regardless of the care needs of residents in the home. Data collected from inspection teams show that inspectors use a variety of sources to validate information, with residents being one component. These sources vary little in importance between homes with different levels of care needs or behavioural problems. Perhaps of more importance is the finding that a home's overall performance across 31 resident-centred standards is not affected by either the home's average level of total care needs or the number of residents with severe behavioural problems. There are some significant effects (in both directions) of resident disability on compliance with particular standards. Most notable is the finding that the standard requiring appropriate use of restraint is less likely to be met when there are large numbers of residents with high levels of disability or behavioural problems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 27-05-2004
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1086/449221
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2001
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 1981
DOI: 10.2307/3053371
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1093/OJLR/RWV049
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1995
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-11-2017
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.15569
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1995
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 27-05-2004
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-01-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-01-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-08-2018
Abstract: Groundwater is increasingly used globally for domestic, industrial and agricultural production. While many studies have focused on groundwater as a resource, the erse ecosystems within are often ignored. Here, we assess 54 Southern South Australian groundwater microbial communities from the populated part of the state to assess their status and dynamics in isolated groundwater systems. We observed a strong site-to-site in iduality in groundwater bacterial communities, likely due to the isolated nature of groundwater bodies leading to unique ecosystems. Rank abundance analysis indicates bacterial ersity is maintained even at low abundances and that the distribution fits classical ecological models for strong competition in resource-limited environments. Combined, our data indicates that despite overrepresentation of pollutant-associated bacterial orders in and around the Adelaide metropolitan area, microbial communities remain erse and show little evidence of converging on a common pollutant-effected community.
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Date: 10-06-2021
Abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing the colonization pili CFA/I are common causes of diarrhoeal infections in humans. Here, we use a combination of transposon mutagenesis and transcriptomic analysis to identify genes and pathways that contribute to ETEC persistence in water environments and colonization of a mammalian host. ETEC persisting in water exhibit a distinct RNA expression profile from those growing in richer media. Multiple pathways were identified that contribute to water survival, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response regulons. The analysis also indicated that ETEC growing in vivo in mice encounter a bottleneck driving down the ersity of colonizing ETEC populations.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 16-04-2014
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 23-02-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-05-2009
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZP038
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 27-06-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1989
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1983
Publisher: DE GRUYTER
Date: 31-12-1995
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2007
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2003
DOI: 10.2307/1556517
Publisher: Willan
Date: 06-12-2012
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1108/EB002801
Abstract: Corporations which flout the law may themselves fall victim to corporate crime. Prevention is more cost‐effective than cure, and many companies are now drawing on their managerial auditors to devise preventive law programmes. Self‐regulatory companies have the most successful record, and the five major characteristics of these are examined in detail. Ex les of corporate disasters are provided to illustrate the risks of ignoring the message of this article.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-1991
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1984
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-05-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1993
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Queensland University of Technology
Date: 03-2018
Abstract: Cohen and Machalek’s (1988) evolutionary ecological theory of crime explains why obscure forms of predation can be the most lucrative. Sutherland explained that it is better to rob a bank at the point of a pen than of a gun. The US Savings and Loans scandal of the 1980s suggested ‘the best way to rob a bank is to own one’. Lure constituted by the anomie of warfare and transition to capitalism in former Yugoslavia revealed that the best way to rob a bank is to control the regulatory system: that is, to control a central bank. This makes possible theft of all the people’s money in a society. The criminological imagination must attune to anomie created by capitalism, and to the evolutionary ecology of lure.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JFB.12451
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1992
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 03-11-2014
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-LAWSOCSCI-110413-030540
Abstract: What are the virtues of institutions we take for granted—universities, the study of the social sciences and humanities, and scholarship on professions such as law? What are the vices of the disciplinary structure of the social sciences, even in the law and society movement and criminology that started as interdisciplinary projects? Research on regulation within an interdisciplinary structure, the Regulatory Institutions Network, is used to illustrate the difficulties of attempts to change direction in the social sciences. The article advocates the creative destruction of disciplinary structures by organizing in tents that study institutionalization (rather than buildings that study categories of institutions). To keep pace with social change, pulling tents down and endlessly pegging out new ones is a path forward. A politics of defending universities and opposing the disciplines that have captured them does not mean advocacy of restructuring. If more interesting work issues from poorly funded tents than from disciplinary edifices, reformers can advance creative destruction.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JPY.12572
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Macmillan Education UK
Date: 1992
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2005
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1978
DOI: 10.1177/014662167800200205
Abstract: An analysis of self-report delinquency data using four non-metric procedures for structural analysis revealed support for the existence of a general de linquency factor. However, offenses of low serious ness and victimless offenses (drinking and drug- taking items) were only weakly related to this gen eral factor. It is concluded that for almost all mea sures of self-reported delinquency in the literature, most of the variance is accounted for by those items which bear the weakest relationships to the general delinquency factor. The existence of specific factors representing "trivial delinquency," "drug use," "vehicle theft," and "vandalism" was indicated by all four procedures.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1997
DOI: 10.1177/1362480697001001005
Abstract: Charles Tittle's (1995) Control Balance suggests that deviance is likely either when people are much more controlled than controlling or when they are much more controlling than controlled. The theory is more subtle than first appearances suggest it finds control ratios to influence motivation, provocation, opportunity and constraint. Tittle's work opens up the potential for a more productive integration of explanatory and normative theory in criminology. A republican account of the redistribution of control is advanced at this explanatory-normative theoretical interface.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1987
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2514127
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-10-2014
Abstract: Transitional justice has an expectation management problem. International law imposes a right to justice and an obligation to defeat impunity from crimes against humanity. Yet there has not been a war where a substantial proportion of criminals against humanity have been convicted. Nor is one likely. The theoretical solution considered in this paper is to broaden, deepen, and lengthen our conception of justice so that more survivors might be vindicated by some kind of justice, even if a partial kind of justice. We broaden justice with a more holistic, yet multidimensional conception of what justice means, so that, for ex le, restorative justice, Islamic justice and indigenous justice can be embraced among many alternatives to impunity. Deepening justice means deeper survivor and citizen opportunities to shape a more responsive justice and to shape remedies through participation. Lengthening justice means giving less priority to speedy trial and closure as transitional justice values. It might mean a permanent Truth and Reconciliation Commission that keeps its doors open to victims decades on.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 12-02-2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/AM12029
Abstract: Australian sea lions consume prey in highly productive foraging grounds and defaecate nutrients on land. The resident population of 1100 Australian sea lions contributes 3800 (±80) kg N year–1 into Seal Bay Conservation Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. If this population were to decline in abundance the nitrogen availability and coastal productivity of Kangaroo Island may be reduced.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1985
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.330441
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1978
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.22459/AV.03.2010
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 27-05-2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2013
Abstract: On the occasion of receiving the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology’s Distinguished Criminologist Award, John Braithwaite reflects on his time in the field. He defends a public-critical-professional-policy criminology of a more distinctively Pacific character. He canvasses options for the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology to continue long-term leadership towards not only an Asian future, but also a Pacific future that can be a path to distinctive contributions from Southwest Pacific criminology to all the social sciences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1407883
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1980
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-05-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1994
DOI: 10.1177/0022427894031004001
Abstract: Panel data fail to support a subjective expected utility model of corporate deterrence. There is partial confirmation, however, that chief executives of small organizations who perceive the certainty of detection as high have better regulatory compliance in their organizations. Perceived sanction threats do not work significantly more effectively for chief executives (a) of for-profit versus nonprofit organizations (b) who are owners as well as managers (c) who say they think about sanctions more (sanction salience) and (d) who have a weaker belief in the law. Nor does the effectiveness of corporate deterrents depend on compliance costs. There is, however, a significant deterrent effect for managers who are low on emotionality, but an opposite counter-deterrent effect for actors high on emotionality. This supports the critique of those who condemn rational actor models from a sociology of the emotions perspective. Emotions of guilt among managers predict the subsequent compliance of their organizations. The results are consistent with perceptual deterrent studies of in iduals that find little effect of formal sanctions and social disapproval as deterrents, but stronger support for an effect of self-disapproval (guilt or shame) on law observance. Qualitative data are used to show why it would be folly to interpret these results as showing that business regulation can work without sanction threats and social disapproval. Rather, the data evince the need for a complete reconceptionalization of the way policy analysts think about the deterrence of law breaking.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 31-03-2008
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Date: 31-01-1995
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 08-05-2013
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1727-12.2013
Abstract: Homer postsynaptic scaffolding proteins regulate forebrain glutamate transmission and thus, are likely molecular candidates mediating hypofrontality in addiction. Protracted withdrawal from cocaine experience increases the relative expression of Homer2 versus Homer1 isoforms within medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Thus, this study used virus-mediated gene transfer strategies to investigate the functional relevance of an imbalance in mPFC Homer1/2 expression as it relates to various measures of sensorimotor, cognitive, emotional and motivational processing, as well as accompanying alterations in extracellular glutamate in C57BL/6J mice. mPFC Homer2b overexpression elevated basal glutamate content and blunted cocaine-induced glutamate release within the mPFC, whereas Homer2b knockdown produced the opposite effects. Despite altering mPFC glutamate, Homer2b knockdown failed to influence cocaine-elicited conditioned place preferences, nor did it produce consistent effects on any other behavioral measures. In contrast, elevating the relative expression of Homer2b versus Homer1 within mPFC, by overexpressing Homer2b or knocking down Homer1c, shifted the dose-response function for cocaine-conditioned reward to the left, without affecting cocaine locomotion or sensitization. Intriguingly, both these transgenic manipulations produced glutamate anomalies within the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of cocaine-naive animals that are reminiscent of those observed in cocaine experienced animals, including reduced basal extracellular glutamate content, reduced Homer1/2 and glutamate receptor expression, and augmented cocaine-elicited glutamate release. Together, these data provide novel evidence in support of opposing roles for constitutively expressed Homer1 and Homer2 isoforms in regulating mPFC glutamate transmission in vivo and support the hypothesis that cocaine-elicited increases in the relative amount of mPFC Homer2 versus Homer1 signaling produces abnormalities in NAC glutamate transmission that enhance vulnerability to cocaine reward.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1978
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1988
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1993
DOI: 10.1177/0022427893030004002
Abstract: Good criminologists are interpretively flexible, searching to read situations from the different angles illuminated by multiple theories. Plural understandings of a crime problem stimulate a disparate range of action possibilities that can be integrated into a hedged, mutually reinforcing package of preventive policies. Positivist criminology has its uses in informing the kind of research-policy interface advanced. Its limitation is that it focuses on short-term, decontextualized policies that are intentionally disentangled from integrated policy packages. This when it is long-term, dynamically responsive, and contextualized, integrated assaults that are more likely to bear fruit. Some suggestions are made on how to reform criminology so that its creative and evaluative focus is more directed at what Bateson in 1972 called “systemic wisdom.” The alternative is to settle for a positivism that almost inevitably leads to a policy analysis of despair about the intractability of the crime problem. That “nothing works” is not an empirically established fact, but an artifact of the epistemology of a science with a particular structure. This structure can be reformed.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 09-1994
DOI: 10.2307/591658
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-06-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 30-06-2012
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199248179.013.0007
Abstract: This article first lays out a short history of regulation conceived in this broad way. It then considers whether ours is a society that regulates more because it has become a ‘risk society’. Next it uses Gunther Teubner's model of the ‘regulatory trilemma’ and a consideration of the key regulatory mechanisms to review the literature on the finer grain of how regulation works. Finally it returns to the pluralization of regulation as a crucial dynamic in creating spaces where ‘democratic experimentalism’ is emerging as a possibility.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 29-10-1992
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-08-2014
DOI: 10.1111/LAPO.12026
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-08-2014
DOI: 10.1111/LASR.12091
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 1998
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1111/J.1747-4469.1991.TB00291.X
Abstract: The features of regulatory encounters that foster the evolution of cooperation often also encourage the evolution of capture and corruption. Solutions to the problems of capture and corruption—limiting discretion, multiple-industry rather than single-industry agency jurisdiction, and rotating personnel—inhibit the evolution of cooperation. Tripartism—empowering public interest groups—is advanced as a way to solve this policy dilemma. A game-theoretic analysis of capture and tripartism is juxtaposed against an empowerment theory of republican tripartism. Surprisingly, both formulations lead to the conclusion that some forms of capture are desirable. The strengths from converging the weaknesses of these two formulations show how certain forms of tripartism might prevent harmful capture, identify and encourage efficient capture, enhance the attainment of regulatory goals, and strengthen democracy. While the case we make for tripartism is purely theoretical and general in its application to all domains of business regulation, our conclusion is a call for praxis to fish out the contexts in which the theory is true or false.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2012
Abstract: This research is about the insight that some of the same dynamics may cause war and crime. Because this is not well understood, national peace agreements sometimes fail to resolve root causes violent death is sometimes higher after the peace than during the war. The second ambition is a macrosociological imagination that opens a new way of seeing global patterns of crime-war. A third explores what to do about it. Five starting hypotheses toward a theory of crime-war are advanced: Violence cascades when Those displaced by violence displace others from spaces to which refugees flee. Refugee c s become recruiting centres for those who cause violence to cascade. Hot spots destabilized by successive waves of violence become anomic Hobbesian vacuums that attract violent tyrannies. Violent crime is highly concentrated at hot spots twenty-first century warfare is concentrated at local hot spots. Peace is accomplished hot spot by hot spot more than nation by nation. Political settlements and a politics of reconciliation are needed to resolve contemporary violence that are less national, more oriented to a local politics of place. One control policy is a responsive enforcement pyramid that gives violent groups in control of hot spots an opportunity to negotiate a truce at the base of the pyramid. When they do, reintegration of perpetrators and shaming of their crimes can occur. When the opportunity to renounce violence is spurned, firm resolve to escalate to arrest backed by military capability in the case of armed resistance to arrest is necessary. Where this resolve is absent, violent hot spots proliferate. Negotiations that persuade violent groups to relinquish control of local hot spots of criminal opportunity under threat of prosecution will prevent violence more permanently when accompanied by reconciliation that is followed by reintegration into legitimate opportunity structures.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP32738
Abstract: More than 97% of the world’s freshwater reserves are found in aquifers, making groundwater one of the most important resources on the planet. Prokaryotic communities in groundwater underpin the turnover of energy and matter while also maintaining groundwater purity. Thus, knowledge of microbial transport in the subsurface is crucial for maintaining groundwater health. Here, we describe for the first time the importance of stygofauna as vectors for prokaryotes. The “hitch-hiking” prokaryotes associated with stygofauna may be up to 5 orders of magnitude higher in abundance and transported up to 34× faster than bulk groundwater flow. We also demonstrate that prokaryotic ersity associated with stygofauna may be higher than that of the surrounding groundwater. Stygofauna are a newly recognized prokaryotic niche in groundwater ecosystems that have the potential to transport remediating, water purifying and pathogenic prokaryotes. Therefore, stygofauna may influence ecosystem dynamics and health at a microbial level, and at a larger scale could be a new source of prokaryotic ersity in groundwater ecosystems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2482174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 04-1978
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1992.TB00032.X
Abstract: This paper critically examines the clarity, practicality, desirability and validity of the 31 outcome standards that the Commonwealth Government introduced to assess quality of care in Australian nursing homes. Key features of the Australian system in an international context are its focus on outcomes, the limited number of standards used, and the comparatively subjective nature of some standards. Directors of nursing from 410 nursing homes in the Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide metropolitan areas were interviewed as part of the Nursing Home Regulation in Action Project. The overwhelming majority reported the standards as clear and desirable. In the minority of cases where problems were raised, practicability was the basis for concern. A factor analysis of the ratings given by standards monitoring teams to these 410 homes failed to demonstrate redundancy across standards or grouping of standards by objectives. Nevertheless, the standards were sufficiently highly interrelated to justify summing to produce an overall compliance score. This study shows that the 31 standards hold up well under scrutiny, both from the perspectives of key actors in the monitoring process, and from a psychometric point of view.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-03-1989
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1976
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1979
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1985
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF00728227
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1177/1362480603007001198
Abstract: The sociology of punishment is seen through the work of David Garland (2001) as contributing useful insights, but less than it might because of its focus on societal choices of whether and how to punish instead of on choices of whether to regulate by punishment or by a range of other important strategies. A problem in Garland’s genealogical method is that branches of the genealogy are sawn off—the branches where the chosen instruments of regulation decentre punishment. This blinds us to the hybridity of predominantly punitive regulation of crime in the streets that is reshaped by more risk-preventive and restorative technologies of regulation for crime in the suites, and vice versa.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: CAIRN
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.3917/RAI.059.0033
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 12-1985
DOI: 10.2307/2392703
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1111/FOG.12103
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1994.TB00219.X
Abstract: The effect of the quality of information obtained by Standards Monitoring Teams on the compliance of 410 Australian nursing homes with Commonwealth regulatory standards is explored. We find that information matters. Lack of openness is a hallmark of a poor quality facility, openness of a high quality facility. Secondly, open flow of information becomes a resource that does enable the regulatory process to improve the quality of care. From an industry perspective, therefore, openness pays because it 1. works against being marked off by an inspection team as a problem facility that is covering up and 2. allows the facility to improve the quality of the service it delivers to the consumer.
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 15-02-2022
DOI: 10.22459/MF.2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JPY.12572
Publisher: Brill
Date: 2012
Abstract: We might evaluate not so much what a peace operation accomplishes itself, but how it succeeds or fails in enriching a network of action that sustains peace. Framed in this way, Diehl and Druckman’s1 evaluation model proves successful in application to peace and conflict in East Timor/Timor-Leste between 1975 and 2012. Its evaluation goals capture most of the crucial aims in play in Timor-Leste and most relationships among them. No model can capture all goals that become contextually important. The Diehl and Druckman approach proves useful as a sensitizing repertoire, but must be complemented by thinking in time and place about other goals and their interactions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-03-2014
DOI: 10.1002/9781118517390.WBETC105
Abstract: This entry focuses on the academic endeavors of John Bradford Braithwaite over the past 35 years within the field of criminology, including such topics as white‐collar crime, corporate crime, victimization, child welfare, juvenile delinquency, restorative justice, responsive regulation, and reintegrative shaming.
Publisher: Macmillan Education UK
Date: 1993
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1991
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.2307/3053888
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End Date: 03-2012
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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