ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8296-8466
Current Organisations
Monash University
,
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2013
Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO 2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO 2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO 2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO 2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro , report that TiO 2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO 2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO 2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO 2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO 2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO 2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10735-016-9671-6
Abstract: Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) have been applied in various fields along with the rapid development of nanotechnology. However, the potential adverse health effects of the Ni NPs are unclear. To investigate the cyto- and genotoxicity and compare the differences between the Ni NPs and the nickel fine particles (Ni FPs), Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and A549 cells were treated with different doses of Ni NPs or FPs. Intra-tracheal instillation of Ni NPs and FPs caused acute toxicity in the lungs, liver and kidneys of the SD rats. Even though the histology of the lungs showed hyperplastic changes and the protein expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 detected by western blot showed lung burden overload, no significant increase was observed to the expression level of oncoprotein C-myc. The results from cell titer-Glo assay and comet assay indicated that Ni NPs were more potent in causing cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vitro than Ni FPs. In addition, Ni NPs increased the expression of C-myc in vitro, but these increases may not have been due to oxidative stress since no significant dose-dependent changes were seen in HO-1 and Nrf2 expressions. Although Ni NPs have the potential to cause DNA damage in A549 cells in vitro, the molecular mechanisms that led to these changes and their tumorigenic potential is still debatable. In short, Ni NPs were more potent in causing cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vitro than Ni FPs, and intra-tracheal instillation of Ni NPs and FPs caused toxicity in organs of the SD rats, while it showed similar to the effects for both particle types. These results suggested that both Ni NPs and FPs have the potential to be harmful to human health, and Ni NPs may have higher cyto- and genotoxic effects than Ni FPs under the same treatment dose.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S56212
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.TOXLET.2019.03.002
Abstract: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) remains a global health burden with a lack of definitive and effective treatment. Protein-bound uremic toxin (PBUT) overload has been identified as a non-traditional risk factor for cardiac, renal and vascular dysfunction due to significant albumin-binding properties, rendering these solutes non-dialyzable upon the state of irreversible kidney dysfunction. Although limited, experimental studies have investigated possible mechanisms in PBUT-mediated cardiac, renal and vascular effects. The ultimate aim is to identify relevant and efficacious targets that may translate beneficial outcomes in disease models and eventually in the clinic. This review will expand on detailed knowledge on mechanisms involved in detrimental effects of PBUT, specifically affecting the heart, kidney and vasculature, and explore potential effective intracellular targets to abolish their effects in CRS initiation and/or progression.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00018-018-2984-8
Abstract: Dihydrosphingolipids refer to sphingolipids early in the biosynthetic pathway that do not contain a C4-trans-double bond in the sphingoid backbone: 3-ketosphinganine (3-ketoSph), dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P) and dihydroceramide (dhCer). Recent advances in research related to sphingolipid biochemistry have shed light on the importance of sphingolipids in terms of cellular signalling in health and disease. However, dihydrosphingolipids have received less attention and research is lacking especially in terms of their molecular mechanisms of action. This is despite studies implicating them in the pathophysiology of disease, for ex le dhCer in predicting type 2 diabetes in obese in iduals, dhS1P in cardiovascular diseases and dhSph in hepato-renal toxicity. This review gives a comprehensive summary of research in the last 10-15 years on the dihydrosphingolipids, 3-ketoSph, dhSph, dhS1P and dhCer, and their relevant roles in different diseases. It also highlights gaps in research that could be of future interest.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.ETAP.2012.08.012
Abstract: Recently, nanoparticles have been the focus of many research and innovation. Metallic nickel and nickel-based nanoparticles are among those being exploited. Nickel fine particles are known to be genotoxic and carcinogenic. It has been discovered that many properties of nano sized elements and materials are not present in their bulk states. The nano size of these particles renders them the ability to be easily transported into biological systems, thus raising the question of their effects on the susceptible system. Therefore scientific research on the effects of nickel nanoparticles is important. This mini-review intends to summarize the current knowledge on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity potential of metallic nickel and nickel-based nanoparticles implicated in in vitro and in vivo mammalian studies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-05-2017
DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2017.1319898
Abstract: The Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF assay (Xpert) is used for rapid, simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rif icin resistance. This study examined the accuracy of Xpert in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Children admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital with suspected PTB were prospectively enrolled between September 2014 and March 2015. They were classified into probable, possible and TB-unlikely groups. Sputum or gastric aspirates were tested by Xpert and smear microscopy mycobacterial culture was undertaken on a subset. Children were diagnosed with TB on the basis of standard criteria which were used as the primary reference standard. Xpert, smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and the Edwards TB score were compared with the primary reference standard. A total of 93 children ≤14 years with suspected PTB were enrolled 67 (72%) were classified as probable, 21 (22%) possible and 5 (5.4%) TB-unlikely. Eighty were treated for TB based on the primary reference standard. Xpert was positive in 26/93 (28%) MTB cases overall, including 22/67 (33%) with probable TB and 4/21 (19%) with possible TB. Three (13%) s les identified rif icin resistance. Xpert confirmed more cases of TB than AFB smear (26 vs 13, p = 0.019). The sensitivity of Xpert, AFB smear and an Edwards TB score of ≥7 was 31% (25/80), 16% (13/80) and 90% (72/80), respectively, and the specificity was 92% (12/13), 100% (13/13) and 31% (4/13), respectively, when compared with the primary reference standard. Xpert sensitivity is sub-optimal and cannot be relied upon for diagnosing TB, although a positive result is confirmatory. A detailed history and examination, standardised clinical criteria, radiographs and available tests remain the most appropriate way of diagnosing TB in children in resource-limited countries. Xpert helps confirm PTB better than AFB smear, and identifies rif icin resistance. Practical guidelines should be used to identify children who will benefit from an Xpert assay.
Publisher: Spandidos Publications
Date: 07-08-2012
DOI: 10.3892/ETM.2012.656
No related grants have been discovered for Ruth Rebecca Magaye.