ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5718-9989
Current Organisations
University of Adelaide
,
Prince of Songkla University Faculty of Medicine
,
University of Cambridge
,
University of New South Wales
,
University of Minnesota System
,
Victoria University of Wellington
,
Malmo Hogskola
,
University of Melbourne
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Publications
A Mixed-Method Study on Correlates of HIV-Related Stigma Among Gay and Bisexual Men in the Southern United States
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANA.2017.02.004
Abstract: Societal prejudice against people living with HIV infection is a formidable public health challenge that can negatively impact health and well-being. We recruited a multiethnic s le of 129 gay and bisexual men living with HIV who completed a brief survey a subset of participants completed semi-structured qualitative interviews to contextualize the data. In bivariate analyses, stigma was positively and significantly correlated with depression (r = .402, p < .001) and negatively correlated with social support (r = -.482, p < .001). Qualitative interview results captured the mental suffering caused by stigma and coping strategies the men had developed. Although some of the coping strategies reduced the likelihood of experiencing acts of stigmatization, they also exacerbated the psychological stress of living with a stigmatized disease and limited the potential for social support. Our results highlight the need to scale up stigma-reduction programs, particularly those that can bolster social support networks.
An investigation of concurrent sex partnering in two samples of drug users having large numbers of sex partners
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1258/095646206776790123
Abstract: The objective of this study was to quantitatively measure the nature of concurrent sex partnering in two s les of drug users having large numbers of sex partners. The purpose of this study was to measure concurrent sex partnering and overlap in concurrent sex partners in two s les of drug users in which some or all participants were trading sex-for-money. Two s les having large numbers of sex partners were used to conduct the analyses: drug-using male sex workers (MSW) and male and female crack cocaine smokers (CS) having vaginal sex. To reflect the quality of concurrent partnering, three measures were used: the proportion of the s les having concurrent partners the proportions of the s les having intimate, casual, and sex-for-money of partners and overlap in concurrent partners. Proportions of each s le having concurrent partners were essentially the same. However, the kinds of concurrent partners and overlap in concurrent partners were significantly different. Concurrent partners in the MSW s le were mostly sex-for-money or sex-for-drugs partners. Most concurrent partners in the CS s le were initimate or casual sex partners. Overlap in concurrent partners was also significantly different. The measure of overlap for the CS s le was three times higher than that of the MSW s le. These data suggest that concurrent sex partnering in the two s les, beyond the proportion having concurrent partners, was different. The patterns of concurrent sex partners in each s le may reflect different reasons for engaging in concurrent partnering. Different reasons for engaging in concurrent partnering may also be reflected in different overlap scores between the two s les. Efforts should be made in future studies to better capture the complexities of concurrent partnering and to examine the implications of these for disease spread and control.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Drug Use Reporting among Houston Arrestees
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1177/002204260103100312
Abstract: Previous studies have indicated that certain illegal drugs are self-reported more readily than others. Respondents are typically more willing to report less serious drugs of abuse, such as marijuana, than they are “hard” drugs of abuse, such as cocaine. To date, however, no comprehensive analyses have examined whether the willingness to self-report illegal drugs fluctuates temporally. In the current study, we examine marijuana-, cocaine-, and heroin-positive Houston arrestees surveyed through the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program between 1990 and 1997. Using Kappa statistics, we explore the temporal variation of self-reported drug use. Little variation is Identified. Policy Implications are assessed in light of the current findings.
Social constructions influencing sociosexual identity development of collegiate gay and bisexual men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2009
The relationship of panic‐fear to anxiety and tension in jaw wiring for obesity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1984
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8341.1984.TB01583.X
Abstract: Sixty patients being jaw-wired for massive obesity were administered the MMPI Panic-Fear scale as well as self- and clinician's ratings of pre- and post-wiring tension and anxiety. Results confirmed the hypotheses that the scale would correlate significantly with patients' subjective feelings of tension and anxiety regarding the procedure, and that defaulters who were unwired or who unwired themselves had higher scale scores. The findings suggest that panic-fear is involved in defaulting from jaw wiring, and that panic-fear may have some utility in determining risk factors in jaw wiring as a treatment for massive obesity.
Gender relations and sexual communication among female students in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2010
The Influence of Companion Animals on Quality of Life of Gay and Bisexual Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-11-2019
Abstract: There has been almost no research on associations of companion animals with quality of life in sexual minorities. Because gay and bisexual men have less social support than their heterosexual peers, some have argued that pet companionship could provide emotional support, while others have argued the opposite, that having a pet is another stressor. This analysis examines the association between having dogs, cats, both animals, or no animals and quality of life using the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) mental and physical composite quality of life scores for gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors, post-treatment. Participants were 189 gay, bisexual, or other men who have sex with men, who completed online surveys in 2015. Linear regression analysis found that participants with cats and participants with dogs had lower mental quality of life scores than participants without pets. After adjustment for covariates, mental health scores remained significantly lower for cat owners, dog owners, and owners of both animals compared to those of participants who did not have pets. No differences were seen for physical quality of life scores after adjustment. We conclude that pet companionship may be a net stressor for gay and bisexual men following prostate cancer treatment. As this is the first study of pet companionship in sexual minorities, further research is needed to confirm the reliability of these findings, generalizability, and temporality of the association.
Sexual Motivation, Sexual Transactions and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Men who have Sex with Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2014
The last sexual encounter: the contextualization of sexual risk behaviour
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-1997
Abstract: We aim to apply critical incident methodology to details of respondents' last sexual encounter to provide contextualized data on sexual behaviour and alleviate the problem of recall bias. In areas of Houston, Texas, registering high prevalence rates of syphilis, we elicited information from 400 men and women about the last time they had sex. Details of time, place, partner, activities, and situational circumstances were collected in street intercept interviews. Nearly 50% of men and 30% of women were drunk or high the last time they had sex, and more than one-quarter of last encounters occurred in hotel or motel rooms. Drug use was not related to condom use. Both men and women were more likely to use condoms with new than with more familiar sex partners however, women were less likely than men to report condom use across all types of sexual activity, and particularly for anal sex. The findings are being used to design a syphilis prevention intervention in the study communities.
The Impact of a Situationally Focused Individual Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Disease Risk-Reduction Intervention on Risk Behavior in a 1-Year Cohort of Nigerian Military Personne
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.7205/MILMED.171.10.970
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related risks in peacekeeping troops is a concern when they are stationed in areas of high HIV prevalence. We carried out an assessment of a situationally focused in idual HIV/STD reduction intervention (where avoidance of risk situations, as well as risk behaviors, are emphasized) in one Nigerian military unit (N = 1,222), with a comparable unit from the same service as a waiting list control (N = 987). The intervention consisted of a possible five modules that were presented to groups of up to 50 personnel. Data were collected on reported sexual behaviors, condom beliefs, sexual risk behaviors with casual partners, and number of interventions attended. Data indicated significant increases in reported condom use with casual partners and positive condom beliefs at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Risk behavior was reduced 30% from baseline at 6 months and 23% from baseline at 12 months. There was also a significant dose-response effect for number of interventions attended. These data suggest that relatively brief situationally focused in idual interventions are effective in military and West African contexts in reducing HIV/STD risk behaviors.
Mad, bad and dangerous to know: dimensions and measurement of attitudes toward injecting drug users
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(92)90038-E
Abstract: Attitudes toward injecting drug users were assessed using a 53-item questionnaire which was administered to 143 workers at a drug and alcohol research unit and an AIDS treatment facility. Factor analysis revealed three interpretable dimensions: intravenous drug use as a matter of both public concern and personal inadequacy intravenous drug users as criminals who should be removed from society and social avoidance of, and personal distaste for, intravenous drug users. The scale and subscales had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Its potential use as a measure of attitudes toward injecting drug users for both treatment research and AIDS research is discussed.
Differences across sexual orientation on HIV risk behaviours in injecting drug users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1992
DOI: 10.1080/09540129208253085
Abstract: Injecting drug users (IDUs) play a disproportionate role in the spread of HIV given their injecting and sexual contacts, and thereby act as conduits between these risk groups. We investigated differences in risk behaviour and HIV seroprevalence in a Sydney s le of 1,245 IDUs. Significant differences were observed across sexual orientation in HIV serostatus for males, with homosexual men having the highest HIV seroprevalence rate (35%), bisexual men intermediate (12%) and heterosexual men lowest (3%). Sexual HIV risk behaviours were lowest for homosexual men, intermediate for bisexual men, and highest for heterosexual men in the case of condom use: however, for numbers of partners, seroprevalence, and anal sex the trends were reversed. There were no differences across sexual orientation for either sex for injecting drug risk behaviours. Both male and female respondents reported having more than 50% of sexual contacts while under the influence of drugs. This study suggests that risk reduction in the sexual domain has not generalized to the injecting risk domain regardless of sexual orientation, and demonstrates that sexual risk behaviours in IDUs are lowest in homosexual, intermediate in bisexual, and highest in heterosexual IDU men.
The Little Deaths
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-1995
RELATIONSHIP OF COMBINATIONS OF AIDS COUNSELLING AND TESTING TO SAFER SEX AND CONDOM USE IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1988.TB00593.X
Abstract: Now a days, an important and interesting alternative in the control of tick-infestation in cattle is to select resistant animals, and identify the respective quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and DNA markers, for posterior use in breeding programs. The number of ticks/animal is characterized as a discrete-counting trait, which could potentially follow Poisson distribution. However, in the case of an excess of zeros, due to the occurrence of several noninfected animals, zero-inflated Poisson and generalized zero-inflated distribution (GZIP) may provide a better description of the data. Thus, the objective here was to compare through simulation, Poisson and ZIP models (simple and generalized) with classical approaches, for QTL mapping with counting phenotypes under different scenarios, and to apply these approaches to a QTL study of tick resistance in an F2 cattle (Gyr × Holstein) population. It was concluded that, when working with zero-inflated data, it is recommendable to use the generalized and simple ZIP model for analysis. On the other hand, when working with data with zeros, but not zero-inflated, the Poisson model or a data-transformation-approach, such as square-root or Box-Cox transformation, are applicable.
The importance of psychosocial factors in the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2000
Abstract: This article presents a review of psychosocial factors associated with the primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Current research evidence convincingly links the presence of the human papillomavirus (HPV) to the development of cervical cancer suggesting that bringing together knowledge from the Papanicolau smear screening and HPV infection research may help formulate a new approach that bridges primary and secondary prevention strategies. Bringing together these 2 areas of research involves an understanding of the psychosocial factors that underlie both. This review will specifically focus on 3 areas of psychosocial research: (1) sexual behaviours associated with HPV infection (2) knowledge, attitudes and beliefs associated with Pap smear and HPV screening and (3) the role of the medical provider in facilitating prevention activities.
Concomitants of HIV/STD risk behaviours and intention to engage in risk behaviours in adolescents in India
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1997
DOI: 10.1080/713613197
Abstract: A total of 1230 year 11 and 12 anglophone college students, modal age 16 and 17, in three colleges in Mumbai (Bombay), India, were studied with regard to sexual behaviours or risk of sexual behaviours, beliefs about sex, HIV/STD knowledge, and perceived norms regarding sexual behaviours. Data indicated that 8% of males and 1% of females had had sexual experience, but over one-third were not sure at all of being able to abstain from sexual activity with either steady or casual partners. However, perceived norms were slanted toward sexual abstinence for the majority of the s le. Knowledge of the protective effects of condoms was high, although half of those who had had sex did not use condoms. Logistic regression showed that knowledge was higher among males, those who believed it was OK to have sex with a steady partner and that they should not wait until they were older, those who believed that condoms should be used even if the partner is known, and those who believed it was acceptable to have multiple partners. Gender differences in sexual activity and beliefs about sexual activity showed that males were less likely to believe in abstaining from sexual activity and to engage in it. We conclude that this age-group is appropriate for HIV/STD reduction education given the low rate of sexual activity but that, despite knowledge of the importance of condom use, the social skills to apply this knowledge are lacking.
HIV/AIDS-related social anxieties in adolescents in three African countries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1998
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00153-6
Abstract: This study examines the social anxieties associated with HIV prevention in adolescents in three African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, and Zimbabwe). The subjects used in this study were black Africans in form 2 or grade 10 in public high schools (Nigeria, n = 387 Kenya, n = 274 Zimbabwe n = 313). Subjects responded to the 33 item AIDS Social Assertiveness Scale (ASAS). Data indicated similar factor structures for each of the three countries and included five factors. The combined s le factor intercorrelations were modestly but significantly correlated. The mean scores for each factor were compared, and ANOVA of the factors by country, by gender, and by interaction between country and gender were performed. The factor structures were very similar between countries, each including five factors that had similar themes: condom interactions, refusal of risk, confiding in significant others, contact with people with HIV/AIDS, and general assertiveness. These factor structures were also very similar to one found in previous studies of Australian adolescents on the ASAS. The Kenyan means for four of the five factors were significantly lower than those for Nigeria, and were also significantly lower than the Zimbabwean means for two of the five factors, suggesting that Kenyan students are less anxious about social situations related to HIV/AIDS than others. Significant variance was found for several factors due to gender, country, and the interaction between gender and country. These results have important implications for designing education programs. The similarities of anxieties regarding HIV/AIDS social situations suggest that these clusters of social barriers to reduction of HIV infection risk might form the basis of educational interventions, and that dimensions of HIV social anxieties are similar across countries.
Measurement of internalized homonegativity in gay and bisexual men in Uganda: Cross-cultural properties of the Internalized Homonegativity scale
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1080/13548500903527746
Abstract: Internalized homonegativity (IH) measures the internalization of homophobia in gay and bisexual men. We obtained data on Ross and Rosser's 26-item IH scale from 216 gay and bisexual men in K ala, Uganda and used confirmatory factor analysis to compare the structure of the Ugandan responses to those of a large US s le of gay and bisexual men. The data indicated that the structure of a reduced 8-item version of the scale was closely matched between the US and Ugandan s les. The three factors that consistently emerged were personal comfort with being gay social comfort with other gay people and public identification as being gay. Men who experienced violence or abuse for being gay had significantly higher scores on the personal discomfort with being gay subscale. These data indicate that the structure of IH in gay and bisexual men in East Africa is congruent with that in equivalent western s les and that the IH scale is cross-culturally robust.
Assessing the application of HIV and AIDS related education and counselling on the Internet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00096-2
Abstract: This study reviewed Internet technological capabilities for counselling and several appropriate counselling models and assessed the application of HIV/AIDS related counselling on the Internet. Sixteen health professionals in HIV/AIDS related face-to-face counselling positions were interviewed: their HIV/AIDS service background was limited to Texas-certified HIV pre ost test counsellors. Texas-licensed counsellors in HIV/AIDS service field and HIV/AIDS case managers and social workers. Duration of interviews ranged from 30 min to 60 min and were recorded on audio cassette for review and analysis. Responses were generated using an editing style of the long-interview process. Edited responses were then analyzed for content and themes. Four major themes evolved from interview responses: counsellor-client relationship, target population, ethics and operation. Major concerns included the lack of visual and verbal cues during interaction, problems of accessibility by the neediest, confidentiality, impersonal experience and increased client separation/isolation. Greater benefits may be attained by targeting the younger segment of the population and other health professionals. A majority of respondents indicated support for additional development of Internet-based HIV/AIDS related counselling.
Predictors of post-release primary care utilization among HIV-positive prison inmates: A pilot study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1080/09540120500161892
Abstract: The primary aims of this exploratory pilot study were (1) to determine the proportion of a s le of HIV-positive inmates utilizing primary care after recent release, and (2) to identify variables associated with utilization of primary care at the time of a post-release interview. Sixty HIV-positive, male and female state prison inmates were interviewed approximately three months prior to release, and 30 were interviewed again between seven and 21 days after release. Variables associated with having utilized primary care at the time of a post-release interview (chi(2) p-values < 0.20) included: taking anti-HIV medications at the time of release, no alcohol use since release, living in the same place as before incarceration and rating of housing situation as 'comfortable' or 'very comfortable'. For exploratory purposes, these variables were entered into a logistic regression model. The model correctly classified 80% of cases overall. Future studies are required to ascertain whether these results would obtain with a statistically adequate s le size.
Examining the Association between Oral Health and Oral HPV Infection
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0081
Abstract: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of 40% to 80% of oropharyngeal cancers yet, no published study has examined the role of oral health in oral HPV infection, either independently or in conjunction with other risk factors. This study examined the relation between oral health and oral HPV infection and the interactive effects of oral health, smoking, and oral sex on oral HPV infection. Our analyses comprised 3,439 participants ages 30 to 69 years for whom data on oral HPV and oral health were available from the nationally representative 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results showed that higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was associated with four measures of oral health, including self-rated oral health as poor-to-fair [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.56 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–1.95], indicated the possibility of gum disease (PR = 1.51 95% CI, 1.13–2.01), reported use of mouthwash to treat dental problems in the past week (PR = 1.28 95% CI, 1.07–1.52), and higher number of teeth lost (Ptrend = 0.035). In multivariable logistic regression models, oral HPV infection had a statistically significant association with self-rated overall oral health (OR = 1.55 95% CI, 1.15–2.09), independent of smoking and oral sex. In conclusion, poor oral health was an independent risk factor of oral HPV infection, irrespective of smoking and oral sex practices. Public health interventions may aim to promote oral hygiene and oral health as an additional measure to prevent HPV-related oral cancers. Cancer Prev Res 6(9) 917–24. ©2013 AACR.
Outcomes of using the internet for sexual purposes: fulfilment of sexual desires
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/SH11023
Abstract: Background The purpose of the current study was to examine the characteristics of those who report fulfilment of sexual desires as a result of internet use for sexual purposes and which sexually related online activities contribute to the fulfilment of sexual desires. Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire posted on Swedish-language websites in 2009. The s le comprised 1614 respondents who reported using the internet for sexual purposes, 62% women and 38% men. Results: The results showed that the majority of the respondents had their sexual desires fulfilled as a result of their sexually related activities on the internet 21% to a great extent and 59% to a small extent, but 20% did not have their sexual desires fulfilled. Using a multinomial logistic regression analysis, respondents who had their sexual desires fulfilled to a small or great extent were each compared with those who did not have their sexual desires fulfilled at all. At the level of in idual characteristics and sexual behaviours, those with no fulfilment of their sexual desires did not differ from those who had their sexual desires fulfilled, with the exceptions of age and masturbation. In comparison to fulfilment to a small extent, fulfilment of sexual desires to a great extent was predicted by a larger number of sexually related online activities that were based on interaction.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the internet may contribute to fulfilment of sexual desires among a large internet population, irrespective of sex or sexual identity.
A Comparison of the Psychosocial Aspects of AIDS and Cancer-Related Bereavement
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.2190/PUWY-N3AL-KK3T-B89L
Abstract: This study compares the psychological symptoms and bereavement distress of in iduals bereaved by AIDS with a group bereaved by a cancer death, and addresses the question of whether an AIDS death is associated with a higher rate of adverse psychosocial factors that may increase risk of psychological morbidity in the bereaved in iduals. AIDS ( n = 28) and cancer ( n = 30) bereaved in iduals (all within 3 months of the bereavement) completed measures of psychological morbidity and measures addressing a range of other adverse factors, e.g., number of losses, levels of social support and stigma. The cancer and AIDS bereaved were essentially similar on all psychological symptom measures. The AIDS group reported lower levels of social support in response to the bereavement than cancer bereaved in iduals a greater number of bereavements, were more likely to conceal the cause of death from significant others including their own family and perceived, in some instances, a greater level of rejection from others. The AIDS group reported higher levels of social support from friends than from family. At three months following bereavement, AIDS and cancer bereaved were similar in levels of distress. While this may change with the progress of grief over time, it suggests essentially similar early bereavement responses. Those bereaved by AIDS reported a range of other adverse factors such as a greater number of losses, lower social support, stigma, and less open disclosure of the cause of death.
Influence of Institutionalization on Time to HIV Disease Progression in a Cohort of Romanian Children and Teens
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Date: 12-2007
Abstract: OBJECTIVES.The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of institutionalization on death and CD4 decline in a cohort of 325 HIV-infected Romanian children. METHODS. A retrospective database analysis was conducted. Data from a nearly 3-year period were examined with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis models. Subjects all received primary and HIV specialty care and treatment at the Romanian American Children's Center in Constanta, Romania. Children in one group resided with their biological families and the other children resided in “family home”–style institutions. RESULTS. There was no difference between groups for death during the follow-up period, although there was a trend for survival advantage for children in institutional care. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups in terms of CD4 decline, although there was a trend toward greater decline among children who resided with their biological families. Children with their biological families were more likely to experience disease progression through either death or CD4 decline than were children in institutions. CONCLUSIONS. The family home–style institution may prove to be a replicable model for the safe and appropriate care of HIV-infected orphaned and abandoned children and teens.
The Effectiveness of MI4MSM: How Useful is Motivational Interviewing as an HIV Risk Prevention Program for Men who have Sex with Men? A Systematic Review
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.2011.23.6.533
Abstract: Among men who have sex with men (MSM), the principal risk practice for HIV infection is unprotected anal intercourse, often engaged in under the influence of alcohol and other substances. Both behaviors are targeted through the much-used counseling approach motivational interviewing (MI). We conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of behavioral interventions adapting the principles and techniques of MI on HIV risk behaviors for MSM. Ten randomized controlled trials, which included 6,051 participants at baseline, were eligible for inclusion. Nine outcomes, of which seven were for sexual behavior outcomes, were sufficiently similar to compute meta-analyses. With the exception of one outcome, drinks per day at short-term follow-up, there were no significant differences between the groups receiving MI and the control groups. The effectiveness of MI as a prevention strategy for HIV risk behaviors among MSM is uncertain and continued work to craft more effective HIV prevention programming for this group should be done.
A Multi-Methodological Exploration of Persecution Experiences and Related Injuries of Sexually Minoritized Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Nairobi, Kenya
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SEXES3040040
Abstract: Introduction: Sexually minoritized men in the East, Horn, and Central Africa continue to flee from their countries, because of actual or feared persecution, to neighboring Kenya to seek protection and safety. However, there is limited research on their experiences and needs. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the persecution experiences of gay and bisexual asylum seekers and refugees in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Methods: We adapted McAdam’s Life-Story Interview (LSI) to develop a semi-structured interview guide. We used the interview guide to conduct one-time anonymous in-depth interviews with 19 gay and bisexual men recruited by purposive s ling. The study also included a photovoice component and written reflections. We transcribed the interviews verbatim, uploaded them to NVivo 12 plus, and analyzed the data using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26, with the largest age group being 18–24 (n = 9, 47%). We found six major themes: (1) The Anti-Homosexuality Act, (2) death punishment, (3) physical abuse, (4) sexual violence, (5) discrimination, and (6) injuries. Conclusions: Continued multi-layered discrimination across borders may have adverse physical health outcomes for gay and bisexual asylum seekers and refugees in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Further collaborative strategies may help to understand and develop culturally sensitive interventions to improve their health and well-being.
Gay Youth in Four Cultures:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-07-1989
Abstract: Potassium is an activator of the reaction catalyzed by homoisocitrate (HIc) dehydrogenase (HIcDH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with either the natural substrate, homoisocitrate, or the slow substrate isocitrate. On the basis of initial velocity studies, the selectivity of the activator site for monovalent ions was determined. Potassium is the best activator, and NH 4 (+) and Rb (+) are also activators of the reaction, while Cs (+), Li (+), and Na (+) are not. Chloride inhibits the reaction, while acetate is much less effective. Substitution of potassium acetate for KCl changes the kinetic mechanism of HIcDH from a steady state random to a fully ordered mechanism with the binding of MgHIc followed by K (+) and NAD. The change in mechanism likely reflects an apparent increase in the affinity of enzyme for MgHIc as a result of elimination of the inhibitory effect of Cl (-). The V/K NAD pH-rate profile in the absence of K (+) exhibits a >10-fold decrease in the affinity of enzyme for NAD upon deprotonation of an enzyme side chain with a p K a of about 5.5-6. On the other hand, the affinity for NAD is relatively constant at high pH in the presence of 200 mM KCl. Since the affinity of the dinucleotide decreases as the enzyme group is protonated and the effect is overcome by a monovalent cation, the enzyme residue may be a neutral acid, aspartate or glutamate. Data suggest that K (+) replaces the proton, and likely binds to the enzyme residue, the pyrophosphoryl moiety of NAD, or both. Viscosity and solvent deuterium isotope effects studies suggest the isomerization of E-MgHIc binary complex limits the rate in the absence of K (+).
Situational correlates of condom use in a sample of African-American drug users who are primarily crack cocaine users
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Abstract: We studied the situational determinants of condom use for vaginal sex in 151 African-American crack cocaine users in Houston, Texas, using situational presentation (Sitpres) methodology, which uses hypothetical scenarios with randomly generated levels of eight variables across 10 scenarios that may impact the decision to use a condom. Multiple regression showed that variables associated with a high probability of using a condom were older age, how badly the partner wants to use a condom, and how badly the respondent wants vaginal sex. Crack craving or level of intoxication were not correlates. The Sitpres methodology was successfully used by these crack users and data indicated that it was sexual variables, rather than drug-associated variables, that were significantly associated with condom use.
Ethical aspects of data sharing and research participant protections.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1037/AMP0000240
Abstract: Open access is fast becoming the norm across science. Sharing research data broadly has the potential to accelerate scientific progress, optimize the value of data, and promote scientific integrity. However, data sharing also poses new practical and ethical challenges to the conduct of research with human participants. This article provides an overview of how open access to research data has impacted the core principles of research ethics-respect for persons, beneficence, and justice-and, in turn, how a reinterpretation of these principles translates to procedures for the protection of the rights and wellbeing of human research participants. (PsycINFO Database Record
Sexual Health Knowledge of U.S. Medical Students: A National Survey
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSXM.2018.05.019
Abstract: Sexual health is a critical component of overall wellness however, only half of U.S. medical schools currently require formal instruction in sexuality. This study sought to quantify the sexual health knowledge of undergraduate medical students using a novel survey tool evaluating 6 domains: sexual function and dysfunction fertility and reproduction sexuality across the lifespan sexual minority health society, culture, and behavior as well as safety and prevention. A novel 32-question survey tool was developed by subject matter experts from the University of Minnesota Program in Human Sexuality. Survey questions were derived from the 2012 and 2014 Summits on Medical School Education in Sexual Health as well as the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States Guidelines for Kindergarten through 12th Grade. The total knowledge score was calculated out of 30 points (excluding 2 terminology questions that were subjective). Medical students at 178 allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the United States were invited to take the online survey. Students performed below a passing rate (70%) in 4 of the 6 knowledge categories and below a passing rate overall in the knowledge assessment. Survey respondents (n = 1,014) scored an average of 66% correct (approximately 20/30). Overall, students scored lowest on questions regarding safety and prevention (x- = 49%) and highest on questions regarding sexuality across the lifespan (x- = 75%). Higher knowledge scores were associated with the following variables (P & .05): medical school year, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, future medical specialty choice, program type (MD/DO), and taking a human sexuality course in medical school. Medical students may be under-prepared to address essential sexual health issues in future clinical practice. To the knowledge of the authors this is the only contemporary study seeking to measure U.S. medical student sexual health knowledge. Limitations include s le population size and ersity as well as a non-validated survey tool. Significant advances must be made in undergraduate medical education in order to prepare future physicians to address critical issues such as sexually transmitted disease, family planning, and health disparities.
Male heterosexual crack smokers with multiple sex partners: between- and within-person predictors of condom use intention
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-11-2005
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYL009
Abstract: Little research has examined predictors of condom intention within concurrent partnerships. This study examined predictors of intention among 259 male African-American crack smokers with multiple partners. Each participant reported personal condom intention at next sex, condom use self-efficacy, responsibility and outcome expectances for himself and his perceptions for his last two sex partners. Stepwise logistic regressions showed that for both partners one and two, condom use at last sex and personal responsibility for condom use were predictors of intention to use condoms at next sex. Perceived partner responsibility was an additional positive predictor with Partner 2. Hierarchical generalized linear model analyses showed that positive intention was associated negatively with perceived partner responsibility and intimacy, while positively related to situational self-efficacy. Personal responsibility interacted with intimacy such that only men who indicated the highest levels of intimacy were more likely to intend to use condoms. Overall, the findings in this study support the need for examining additional social cognitive constructs that capture the interpersonal aspects of sexual relationships such as personal and perceived responsibility, intimacy and how beliefs may change between multiple partners and across time. Finally, the differences in the valence of perceived partner responsibility across analyses and the interaction of personal responsibility with intimacy suggest the need for studies that include measure of power within the relationship.
Benzodiazepine use and HIV risk-taking behaviour among injecting drug users
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(92)90005-W
Abstract: This paper examines the prevalence of benzodiazepine use, and its relationship to other drug use and HIV risk-taking among a s le of 1245 injecting drug users (IDU). Approximately a third (36.6%) of the s le had used benzodiazepines during their last typical month of injecting. Benzodiazepine users had injected more frequently, injected more heroin and hetamines, and had more poly-drug use than other IDU. They also had higher levels of HIV risk-taking, having shared injecting equipment more frequently and with more people. There were no differences between groups in number of sexual partners or condom use, although benzodiazepine users were more likely to have been paid for sex. The demographic and drug use variables indicate that benzodiazepine users are a more dysfunctional subgroup of IDU who require particular attention in HIV interventions.
Intelligence Testing in Australian Aboriginals
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1984
Predicting intention to use condoms in homosexual men: An application and extension of the theory of reasoned action
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1996
Health care in a homophobic climate: the SPEND model for providing sexual health services to men who have sex with men where their health and human rights are compromised
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-03-2015
DOI: 10.3402/GHA.V8.26096
Abstract: We present a model for developing health services for men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa and other places where MSM are heavily stigmatized and marginalized. The processes of the SPEND model include Safe treatment for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and HIV Pharmacy sites for treatment of STIs in countries where pharmacies and drug stores are the source of medical advice and treatment Education in sexual health issues for health professionals to reduce discrimination against MSM patients Navigation for patients who have HIV and are rejected or discriminated against for treatment and Discrimination reduction through educating potential leaders in tertiary education in issues of human sexuality. Supporting empirical evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies is summarized, and barriers to implementation are discussed. Health care for MSM is one of the casualties of anti-homosexual social and legal climates. There is no amnesty for MSM in health care settings, where the stigma and discrimination that they face in the rest of society is replicated. Such conditions, however, make it necessary to consider ways of providing access to health care for MSM, especially where rates of HIV and STIs in MSM populations are high, and stigma and discrimination encourages high proportions of MSM to marry. This in itself enhances the status of MSM as an important bridge population for STIs including HIV. Where anti-homosexual laws encourage, or are believed to encourage, the reporting of MSM to authorities, health care may be seen as an agent of authority rather than an agency for care.
Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about HIV/AIDS-related issues, and the sources of knowledge among health care professionals in southern Nigeria
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2008
Abstract: The HIV/AIDS pandemic has become one of the most important public health problems in recent times and it is having a profound impact on the lives of infected people and their families. There is an acknowledged burden of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. As the prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection rises, health care professionals worldwide can expect greater clinical exposure to infected patients. The care of people living with AIDS presents a significant challenge to the health care sector. This study seeks to explore the relationship between sources of HIV/AIDS information and knowledge, and the relationship between knowledge of HIV/AIDS and care for people with AIDS among health care providers in three different levels of health care institutions in the southern region of Nigeria. Health care workers from two states in southern Nigeria completed a questionnaire that was designed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices about HIV/AIDS. The s le was composed of 277 (65%) females and 135 (31.7%) males. The results showed a fair level of knowledge among all health care professionals, with the highest level of knowledge among the doctors and the lowest among laboratory workers. There was a significant gender difference in the level of knowledge but the data suggested that knowledge did not differ by hospital settings. There were generally negative feelings and views about the care of HIV/AIDS patients among the professionals, these views being worst at the community health centers and best at the government hospital. The greatest source of information for the majority of professionals was health talks/seminars, and those respondents who got their information from school scored the highest on the items on general knowledge of HIV/AIDS incidence, cause, transmission, and clinical treatment. This has important implications for future interventions designed for health care professionals including doctors, nurses and laboratory workers.
Ethnicity in sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviour research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
High prevalence of stigma-related abuse among a sample of men who have sex with men in Tanzania: implications for HIV prevention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-08-2014
Psychological Determinants of Increased Condom Use and Safer Sex in Homosexual Men: A Longitudinal Study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1990
DOI: 10.1177/095646249000100205
Abstract: A 6-month longitudinal study of psychological variables predictive of condom use and safer sex in homosexually active men was carried out in Adelaide, a city of one million, in a low prevalence area for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Return rate of follow-up questionnaires was 60%, with no significant differences between the returners and non-returners on age, sexual behaviour, condom use, or any of the subscales of the instruments used: Adjective Check List (ACL), Profile of Mood States (POMS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Attitudes toward Condoms scale. Variables associated with increased condom use included personality style, particularly a more assertive and forceful style, which may be important in raising the issue of condom use with partners and promoting condom use in sexual encounters. These data confirm the findings of previous cross-sectional research. Those items significantly associated with change in the Attitude toward Condoms scale are from the subscales measuring Protection from Infection, and Availability, suggesting that these attitudes are those most closely associated with increasing condom use. The variables associated with lack of change to safer sex are consistently those of dysphoric mood state and psychological maladjustment, suggesting that such in iduals may need psychological support to assist them to make the change to safer sex. These data support the view that personality and psychological adjustment are important predictors of risk reduction for HIV infection in homosexually active men.
Staging of Psychological Reactions to HIV Infection in Asymptomatic Homosexual Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-08-1989
The Mental Health of Male Sexual Minority Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Nairobi, Kenya: A Aualitative Assessment
Publisher: York University Libraries
Date: 25-10-2022
Abstract: Very little information exists about the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees who are men who have sex with men (MSM). Therefore, this study explores the psychological distress of MSM asylum seekers and refugees in the Nairobi metropolitan area. We collected data using in-depth interviews transcribed verbatim, coded using NVivo 12 Plus, and analyzed using the six-step thematic analysis framework. Four major themes emerged from the study: psychological distress, traumatic stress symptoms, mental health care access, and coping strategies. Although we did not use any diagnoses, the results indicate that MSM asylum seekers and refugees share mental health problems with other refugees. However, MSM have specific needs that derive from their persecution based on their sexual minority status. The results confirm extant findings, as seen in the discussion, and encourage more research. Further research will inform collaborative, culturally sensitive, and targeted interventions that decrease adverse mental health outcomes for MSM asylum seekers and refugees in the Nairobi metropolitan area.
Internet influences on sexual practices among young people in Hanoi, Vietnam
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13691050701749873
Abstract: While the influences of the Internet on adult sexuality are well recognized, research on the potential connection between the Internet and young people's sexuality is still limited. We conducted a qualitative study to examine how young people (aged 15-19 years) in Hanoi, Vietnam used the Internet to develop sexual practices and identities. Our analysis of texts from focus groups, in-depth interviews, chat scripts and field notes reveals how the Internet is used to assemble sexual information that was not available from other sources such as the family and school. Young people's narratives also show how they use the Internet as a medium for expressing sexual identities and desires. In the light of these findings, we suggest expanding sex education to include issues that are important to young people such as emotions and relationships, rather than simply focusing more narrowly on reproduction, public health and other interests of the state.
Issues of Expressed Stigma of HIV/AIDS Among Professionals in Southern Sudan
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-12-2010
Abstract: HIV-related stigma continues to be a significant barrier to HIV testing, treatment, and care. Understanding the factors that underlie this stigma could help remove barriers to HIV/AIDS intervention. We identified these factors among nurses as well as community leaders in Lui, Southern Sudan. Participants included health workers at a local hospital, a women’s group, local market traders, religious leaders, and teachers. We categorized the responses generated from group interaction forums as concerns, fears, and perceptions. We found that stigma persisted not only toward people with conspicuous signs of full-blown AIDS, but also toward community programs, like voluntary counseling and testing centers. Future interventions, including delabeling the counseling and testing centers and demonstrating the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy, will be critical in reducing the stigma of HIV/AIDS in communities.
A network analysis of relationship dynamics in sexual dyads as correlates of HIV risk misperceptions among high-risk MSM
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-10-2014
Truth Be Told: Evaluation of a Narrative and Skills Intervention in Two Women’s Prisons
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2017
Abstract: This article describes the evaluation of a narrative and skills intervention to enable women to come to terms with their offenses, tell the truth, and then work to deal with the emotions and issues surrounding their offenses, in two southern U.S. women's prisons. The intervention involved skills building in communication, community building, creativity, and caring for the self, using narrative writing, speaking, and movement. There was broad agreement that the intervention had multiple positive impacts, including insight into factors that lead to incarceration, comfort with selves and better ability to express themselves, restorative justice (ability to understand the situation of others, understanding the impact on themselves and their families), better relationships with other inmates, and understanding the challenges that may lead to reci ism. Findings are consistent with the importance of "confession" and the importance of narrative in traumatic life situations in bringing resolution.
Revision, Criterion Validity, and Multigroup Assessment of the Reactions to Homosexuality Scale
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-10-2010
The Cultural Adaptation of the DISC-IV: Appropriateness for Sotho-Speaking South Africans
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2016
Reply to Widmer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1086/510990
Relationship between safe sex and acculturation into the gay subculture
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1995
DOI: 10.1080/09540129550126876
Abstract: There is some evidence, although conflicting, to suggest that socialization or acculturation into the gay community is associated with lower levels of unsafe sex. We attempted to determine the relationship between acculturation and sexual safety. We examined data from 282 men (from the Dallas AIDS Community Demonstration Project) who had sex with men and were not in a monogamous relationship to determine the associations between safer sex and indices of acculturation. The indices of acculturation included regular reading of local and national gay newspapers and magazines, and belonging to an organization for gay men. The data indicated that there were significant relationships between acculturation, talking to sexual partners about HIV risk reduction and sexual identity, and the dependent variable of frequency of condom use for anal sex. A regression equation indicated that 21% of the variance of anal condom use was predicted by these variables. These data suggest that acculturation into the gay community is associated with safer sexual behaviour, and we discuss the implications of these data for using role models and normative beliefs in HIV prevention programmes.
Parental rearing patterns and suicidal thoughts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1983
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0447.1983.TB09723.X
Abstract: In an attempt to investigate the parental rearing patterns associated with presence of suicidal thoughts, a measure of child rearing patterns (EMBU) and the EPQ measure of personality dimensions were administered to 85 university students, 72 medical and surgical patients, and 125 employees of a state department, along with two questions tapping suicidal thoughts. Results indicated that those with suicidal ideation had parents who had separated more often than controls, and that parental rearing of those with suicidal thoughts included parents who favoured siblings rather than subject, were unstimulating, guilt-engendering, rejecting and unaffectionate. Fathers were more abusive and punitive. These findings suggest that suicidal thoughts may be related to rejection and lack of self-esteem, and that therapy which focuses on resolving parental rejection may be of some use in patients with suicidal ideation.
Lack of HIV testing and dissatisfaction with HIV testing and counselling among men having sex with men in Hungary
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-11-2017
Abstract: Using data from a large internet-based survey of European men having sex with men (MSM), we assessed factors associated with HIV testing and reasons for dissatisfaction with HIV testing and counselling among Hungarian MSM. A total of 2052 Hungarian MSM provided evaluable data for the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) in 2010. χ2 tests and Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator were used to assess factors associated with HIV testing and dissatisfaction with HIV testing and counselling. A total of 42.1% of MSM reported never being testing for HIV. Over one-half of men (54.1%) who reported condomless anal intercourse (CAI) in the prior 12 months with a person of unknown or sero-discordant HIV status reported no lifetime HIV testing. The factor most strongly associated with dissatisfaction with HIV testing and counselling was test site with increased dissatisfaction with inpatient hospital settings vs. community-based organizations. Both lack of HIV testing and dissatisfaction with testing were independently associated with MSM who reported that no one, or only a few people, knew they were attracted to men. Lack of HIV testing was strongly associated with CAI. MSM reported that community-based organizations better supported confidentiality and were more respectful during HIV testing.
Characteristics of Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men on the Internet Who Complete and Drop Out of an Internet-Based Sexual Behavior Survey
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.16.6.526.53793
Abstract: To identify biases and threats to validity of Internet survey data collection on HIV-related risk behaviors, we studied 1,546 Latino men who have sex with men on the Internet recruited through banner impressions on a leading national gay Internet site. The study could be completed in English or Spanish. Of those commencing, 33.6% dropped out before completing the 450-field questionnaire. None of the linguistic variables (level of use of Spanish or English) predicted dropout. However, dropouts were more likely to identify as Puerto Rican or Black, to reject the $20 compensation or offer it to a charity, to not have met men for sex on the Internet, to identify as bisexual or heterosexual, and to use Web sites or personal ads for contact and to use the Internet less at home than those who completed the study. Men in seroconcordant monogamous relationships and those who had not met a man for sex on the Internet were also more likely to drop out. These data suggest that there are no linguistic and few demographic and Internet use variables that are associated with dropout. Issues of compensation and respondent characteristics that make it likely that there will be a large number of inapplicable data fields in the questionnaire appear to be significant predictors of dropout. Although there were many data missing, the dropouts did not appear to be at greater HIV-associated risk than the completers. The fact that there appear to be few systematic demographic or Internet use biases in dropouts suggests that the completers do not represent a seriously skewed s le of those Latinos who commence the Internet survey.
HIV risks in a homeless population
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2000
Abstract: Homeless people are one of the most vulnerable with regard to HIV transmission. However, most research on this population has been carried out on s les from health clinics. We surveyed 390 homeless people in Houston at a day shelter with regard to their HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviours. The s le was 76% African-American, 11% Euro-American, with small numbers of Latin-Americans, Native-Americans and Asian-Americans: half were born in Texas, and 92% were male. Data indicated that HIV/AIDS knowledge was higher in those who were at higher behavioural risk, although the direction of causality in these crosssectional data cannot be inferred. African-Americans were at slightly higher risk. Compared with previous clinic s les, this s le was older and a higher number (one-third) slept the last night outside. Eighty per cent had had an HIV test. Condom use was low with both males and females most commonly not reporting using condoms although more than half had had sexual contact in the past month. Multivariate analysis indicated that ethnicity and HIV/AIDS knowledge were independent predictors of risk behaviour. Lifetime risks included one-third who had injected drugs (and shared needles), and nearly 10% had had sex with someone they knew to be HIV seropositive. Lack of future time perspective rather than level of knowledge may be a barrier to reducing HIV risks, and the data are discussed in terms of policy implications and homelessness.
Effects of two formats of informed consent on knowledge amongst persons with advanced HIV disease in a clinical trial of didanosine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1994
DOI: 10.1016/0738-3991(94)90069-8
Abstract: To determine subjects' perception of the purpose of informed consent, 113 subjects were recruited from a dose-controlled clinical trial of didanosine (ddI). Subjects were surveyed regarding how they made decisions regarding their medical care in general, about how they obtained information about this trial in particular, and several aspects of the informed consent procedure. Subjects were then randomly allocated to receive information about the trial by either a written only format or a written and verbal format 1 week before commencement of the trial. An eight-item instrument assessed knowledge of ddI prior to and subsequent to receiving information. Most subjects obtained information about HIV-related issues from their specialist (70%) or general (51%) medical practitioner. A large proportion of subjects (88%) reported that they believed their specialist medical practitioner always acted in their best interest. The majority of subjects (79%) believed that subjects should be allowed the choice between participating in the clinical trial and receiving the drug outside the trial mechanism. Of the subjects, 96% believed that informed consent was necessary in clinical trials however, their opinions of the purpose of informed consent varied widely. Although they signed the informed consent, 44% of the subjects stated that they did not understand 'all' of the information that was provided. We found that the provision of information by written mode alone, or written and verbal modes were both associated with significant increases in knowledge levels and that there was a significant interaction in the degree of change between the two methods, with the written plus verbal method showing the most improvement over time. There was an interaction between degree of improvement in knowledge of didanosine in subjects who received written information versus those who received written and verbal knowledge and time (pre- versus post-consent) and a significant main effect for time. All subjects were relatively well-informed about the drug and stated that specialist and general medical practitioners were their major source of knowledge for all aspects of their HIV health care.
Circuit party attendance, club drug use, and unsafe sex in gay men
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0899-3289(01)00060-8
Abstract: We examined the population demographics and club drugs used in gay circuit parties and estimated the reported unsafe sexual behavior associated with each drug, the reasons for attending circuit parties, and the unsafe sex associated with different reasons. A brief questionnaire was provided to a nonrandom s le of party attendees covering demographics, drugs used, sexual activity, and reasons for attending gay circuit parties at three major North American parties in 1998-1999. A total of 1169 usable questionnaires were obtained. Odds ratios for unsafe sex for the drugs surveyed [alcohol, marijuana, methylenedioxymeth hetamine (Ecstasy), ketamine (Special K), crystal meth hetamine (crystal meth), cocaine, volatile nitrites (poppers), and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)] were calculated, as was significance of unsafe sex for the 10 major reasons for attending parties. 12-month party drug use was high: > 50% reported using alcohol, Ecstasy, and Special K. Frequent (rather than occasional) use of Ecstasy, Special K, and poppers had an association with unsafe sex at parties. Poppers also showed a statistically significant association with unsafe sex in 12 months (not necessarily at parties) while crystal meth and GHB showed a trend. Attending circuit parties "to look and feel good," "to have sex," and "to be uninhibited and wild" were associated with higher levels of unsafe sex in 12 months. In this s le, circuit party attendees are well educated and financially secure. Party drug use is high. It appears that use of poppers, Ecstasy, Special K, crystal meth, and GHB are associated with various measures of unsafe sex. More comprehensive research on club drug use in gay men is required.
Drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and internalized homonegativity in men who have sex with men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
The relationship between life events and mental health in homosexual men
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1990
DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(199007)46:4<402::AID-JCLP2270460405>3.0.CO;2-Q
Abstract: In a study to determine the extent to which stigmatization influences mental health in homosexual men, 80 homosexual men were administered the General Health Questionnaire and the Gay Affect and Life Events Scale. Data indicated that there were significant associations between life events and mental health events related to AIDS had the highest correlations. However, general life event scales that included Finances and Work also were associated significantly with mental health, as previously reported in the general population. These data suggest that the impact of life events may be lified by stigmatization and that degree of life change is associated closely with psychological dysfunction. It is concluded that life events that are related to both stigmatization and life change and related emotional distress are significant predictors of psychology dysfunction.
Subjective norms about condoms are better predictors of use and intention to use than attitudes
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1093/HER/7.3.335
Abstract: In a study of the applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action to condom use, 173 homosexually active men were administered a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward and intentions to use condoms, behavioral beliefs about condoms, and subjective norms and normative behavior regarding condom use. Results indicated that attitudes toward condoms were poor predictors of intention to use condoms, but that subjective norms were good predictors of intention. Previous condom use was a good predictor of intention to use. These data suggest that interventions which emphasize peer-based education are likely to be more useful than those which attempt to alter behavioral beliefs about, and attitudes toward, condoms.
AIDS Phobia: Report of 4 Cases
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1159/000284536
Abstract: Psychological reactions to sexually transmissible disease (STD) infection are common, occurring in up to 85% of some patients with STDs: Hart has suggested that they are among the most common conditions encountered in venereology. Previous psychiatric disturbances in STD patients, however, are relatively uncommon and differ in both etiology and management from such psychological sequelae of STD infection, although both Catalan et al. and Fitzpatrick et al. report that in the United Kingdom, some 40% of STD clinic attenders had General Health Questionnaire scores indicating they were psychiatric cases.
Prevalence of classes of risk behaviors for HIV infection in a randomly selected Australian population
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1988
Web-based forums for clients of female sex workers: development of a German internet approach to HIV/STD-related sexual safety
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
Abstract: Clients of sex workers in Germany used to be unapproachable for issues of sexual health. Thus, prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases used to focus on sex workers only, even though many sex workers accuse clients preferring unprotected sex. When prostitution was decriminalized in Germany in 2002, a till then unknown platform emerged on the German internet. Clients set up forums for themselves and their peers. These community forums were primarily meant to serve as platforms for the exchange of information, e.g. on the quality of services. We describe the development and expansion of these web-sites for clients of female commercial sex workers, and the clientele and operation of such sites. To study and to describe the sites, a close cooperation with their webmasters and administrators was crucial. The clients' community forums mark a change in paradigm, as clients became an accessible and addressable target group for sexual health and prevention issues on the internet. The Sexsicher sites have been developed to adequately target this group.
Illness Behavior Among Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-1987
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-198707000-00010
Abstract: A questionnaire on illness behavior was administered to a consecutive s le of 90 men and 47 women attending a public clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Abnormal illness behavior (particularly general hypochondriasis, degree of psychologic perception of illness, and denial of stresses apart from the illness) increased with the number of previous infections. Those with no previous infections saw sexually transmitted disease as an illness significantly less often than those with previous infections. First attenders have a higher risk of noncompliance with treatment, and illness behavior may develop by association with repeated infections and the increasingly apparent connection between behavior and illness. These findings applied to homosexual as well as to heterosexual men, although responses to the questionnaire showed that homosexual men were significantly less hypochondriacal. It is concluded that there is greater evidence of psychologic maladjustment among this clinic population than among that attending general practices and that illness behavior is related to established risk factors such as more partners and previous infections.
Beyond the Biological Model:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-03-1985
Sexual and geographic organisation of men who have sex with men in a large East African city: opportunities for outreach
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
Evaluation of an HIV Peer Education Program in Texas Prisons
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 2004
Mark-recapture estimates of injecting drug users in Sydney
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1994.TB00226.X
Abstract: The number of injecting drug users in the Central and Eastern Sydney Area Health Services (CSAHS and ESAHS) in 1989-1990 was estimated by applying the Petersen mark-recapture method to data obtained from the Australian National AIDS and Injecting Drug Use Surveys conducted in 1989 and in 1990. The population estimates for injecting drug users were 8368 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 6099 to 11,829) for ESAHS and 1466 (CI 742 to 2841) for CSHS. An estimate was also obtained for the number of injecting opioid users residing within the ESAHS our figure of 3597 (CI 2731 to 5737) was consistent with previously reported estimates obtained using mark-recapture but based on different data sets.
The impact of working with HIV/AIDS on health care professionals: Development of the aids impact scale
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1994
Sexual Behaviour and HIV Infection Risks in Indian Homosexual Men: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1991
DOI: 10.1177/095646249100200611
Abstract: A comparison of sexual activities in 49 homosexually active northwest Indian men attending STD clinics was made with 173 homosexually active Australian men from a community s le. There were major differences between the two on frequency of marriage and of bisexual behaviour (significantly higher in the Indian s le), condom use for anal intercourse, and of oral sex (significantly higher in the Australian s le). There was also a substantial level of heterosexual anal intercourse reported in the Indian s le. While preliminary and based on nonmatched and nonrandom s les, these data suggest that the sexual activity profile and degree of risk of homosexual behaviour may differ considerably between the two cultures, and that data on homosexual activities in western societies should not be generalized to nonwestern cultures.
Drug use, HIV risk-taking and psychosocial correlates of benzodiazepine use among methadone maintenance clients
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90047-T
Abstract: Methadone maintenance clients who used benzodiazepines were compared with other methadone maintenance clients on a range of drug use and psychosocial treatment outcome measures. Despite being on higher methadone doses, benzodiazepine users were more likely to have recently injected, to have used cocaine and hetamines, to have borrowed or lent used needles and syringes, and to have reported polydrug use in the preceding month. Benzodiazepine users also exhibited higher levels of psychopathology and social dysfunction than other methadone maintenance clients. It is concluded that benzodiazepine-using methadone maintenance clients are a dysfunctional subgroup of the methadone population, who may require more clinical intervention than other clients.
Replication of the factor structure of the fear of AIDS schedule (FAIDSS) across samples
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1992
Occupational Health and Safety among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SEXES4010003
Abstract: The topic of occupational health and safety (OHS) has been investigated for many years and continues to be a concept often researched today. Generally speaking, OHS research has been centered around food safety, construction safety, transportation safety, fire safety, drug and alcohol testing, health and medical management, and industrial hygiene, to name a few. However, the concept of OHS concerning female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) has rarely been investigated, often neglected, seldom discussed, and is lacking in sound research. Although regarded as the “oldest profession”, commercial sex work (CSW) has consistently been ignored, disregarded, and under-researched due to the illegality and stigmatization of prostitution. This paper reviews occupational safety and health issues faced by FCSWs in Tema and Accra, Ghana, through in-depth interviews, visits to women’s homes, fieldwork, informal conversations, and observations with FCSWs during the summer of May 2012–July 2012. Facets of OHS that emerged among FCSWs included: sexually transmissible infections, risks associated with harassment and violence from police and clients, alcohol and drug use, irregular hospital visits or lack of hospital visits, immigration issues, legal hazards, and working conditions. We argue that CSW be viewed as an occupation in great need of interventions to reduce workplace risks.
Social factors in homosexually acquired venereal disease. Comparison between Sweden and Australia.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-1982
DOI: 10.1136/STI.58.4.263
Abstract: The prevalence of venereal disease was studied in homosexuals in two countries, Sweden and Australia, which are similar apart from their different legal and social attitudes to homosexuality. Social attitudes were not generally associated with differences in the numbers of infections and reinfections in homosexual men with sexually transmitted diseases. Using a non-clinical s le there was some evidence that sexually transmitted diseases in homosexuals are grossly overestimated if cases rather than in iduals are used as an index. Furthermore, the incidence of syphilis was related to the numbers of partners and the latency of symptoms in both societies.
¿Qué es primero: desigualdades o inequidades? A propósito del caso de la mortalidad por VIH/ sida en Cali, Colombia (1986-2012)
Publisher: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Date: 19-01-2017
DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.RGYPS15-31.QPDI
Abstract: class="Pa12" span class="A4" span Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la mortalidad por VIH/sida en Cali, Colombia, en el periodo 1986-2012, y a partir de ahí, comprender, desde el punto de vista conceptual, los determinantes sociales relacionados. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo, con un total de 14 192 casos. Se encontró una tendencia creciente de la tasa de mortalidad, en especial a partir del año 1996 en el 2011 se presentó la mayor tasa de todo el periodo. La medición de la desigualdad reveló que se han producido más muertes en estratos medios y bajos, en comparación con el estrato alto. Este estudio aporta evidencia sobre las desigualdades persistentes en la mortalidad por VIH/sida como expresión de inequidades de tipo estructural en la ciudad de Cali. En la perspectiva de Breilh, son procesos críticos de determinación económica y social que pudieron afectar la mortalidad, especialmente de los grupos con más vulnerados socialmente. /span /span
Predictors of unsafe injecting drug use
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1080/09595239400185681
Abstract: This paper reports on the incidence of unsafe injecting and the factors which influence this practice in a s le of 1245 Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs). Using a needle and syringe after someone else at some time in the last six months was reported in 41.6% of the s le. Taking into account those who claimed always to clean used needles with virucidal methods, 32.9% had placed themselves at risk of HIV infection from shared needles in the six months prior to interview.Seven factors were predictive of unsafe behaviour. These were (a) the amount spent per week on drugs, (b) the number of times a single needle was used prior to disposal, (c) having shared with a person who is now HIV infected, (d) having a regular sexual partner, (e) the proportion of times high, stoned or drunk when injecting, (f) being part of a group that injects together and (g) having been in prison.
The relationship between expressed HIV/AIDS-related stigma and beliefs and knowledge about care and support of people living with AIDS in families caring for HIV-infected children in Kenya
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1080/09540120500100593
Abstract: At the end of 2001, AIDS-related deaths had left an estimated 900,000 living orphans in Kenya (UNAIDS/WHO Epidemiology fact sheet, Kenya report, 2004). Many of those orphans are also HIV+. In Eastern Kenya, the Lea Toto Kangemi Outreach Program provides support to families caring for HIV+ children, many of whom are orphaned or soon to be orphaned. A major challenge for these families is the stigma attached to the family. In 2003, the Kangemi Program conducted a household survey of client families. We examined markers of expressed stigma and the association between expressed stigma and other demographic and belief/knowledge domains. The focus of the present study was the specific belief/knowledge domain surrounding care/support of HIV+ persons. Our goal was to explore this domain in the Kangemi families and to examine its relationship to expressed stigma. We created an AIDS-related stigma scale from selected items in the household survey and cross-tabulated stigma scores with care/support knowledge items. We found significant associations between less expressed stigma and greater care/support knowledge. Our results have implications for interventions that reduce expressed stigma and/or improve quality of care.
Injecting drug users and HIV/AIDS: risk behaviours and risk perception
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90035-O
Abstract: This paper reports on the incidence of risk taking behaviours, and the relationship between risk perception and risk behaviours in a s le of 1245 Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs). Almost all respondents reported engaging in behaviours that placed them at risk of HIV infection: 32.9% through unsafe injecting, 84.4% because of unsafe sexual behaviour and 89.2% because of either injecting or sexual behaviour. Injecting and sexual behaviour were poorly correlated. This study also found that risk perception is unrelated to injecting or sexual behaviours, previous history of sexually transmitted diseases, a range of demographic characteristics including age and gender, and the number of times tested for HIV. Social policy and prevention programs should aim to change unsafe injecting and sexual behaviours directly, rather than attempting to achieve change indirectly by changing risk perception.
HIV Treatment Optimism and Unsafe Anal Intercourse Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men: Findings from the Positive Connections Study
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 04-2010
Issues Related to HIV Stigma in Nepal
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-02-2010
Advancing the Theory and Measurement of Collective Empowerment: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.2190/8588-68K4-07M3-7164
Abstract: Grounded Theory, a qualitative research method, was used to fully describe the construct of empowerment and its measurement in racially and ethnically erse urban and rural neighborhoods. Forty-nine grass roots experts, primarily from six communities in Texas, participated via semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Observational data were also collected. Results revealed that the framework of collective empowerment has two main dimensions: ten processes necessary for developing greater empowerment and eight long-term outcomes that result from the process strategies. The two main dimensions of collective empowerment are cyclically, rather than linearly, related. While the results are unique to the communities studied because of the nature of the analysis, the process by which they were elucidated can be replicated in any setting. These findings suggest that the construct of collective empowerment can be both operationalized and evaluated at the community level.
Assessing The HIV/AIDS Health Services Needs Of African Immigrants To Houston
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.15.7.570.24047
Abstract: This study investigated HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk behaviors and perceptions, and access to services among Black immigrants from more than 20 African nations to Houston, Texas, United States. Three hundred nine respondents completed a 98-item self-administered questionnaire on HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk behaviors, access to services, and stigma. Data analysis revealed this population to be highly educated (70.9% had educational attainment levels beyond high school), with a plurality motivated to immigrate to the United States for academic reasons (45.0%). As a group they displayed a high level of knowledge about modes of HIV transmission. Generally, Christian background respondents had higher knowledge than those of Muslim background. Nevertheless, 36.3% reported that they had never used a condom, with the overwhelming majority of respondents reporting low self-perceived risk for contracting HIV (79.5%). These findings, together with the persistent practice of traditional rituals such as body scarring/tattooing by a significant minority (20.1%), a lack of awareness about vertical transmission (16.3% of women 29.9% of men), and discouraging scores on an HIV stigma perception scale, suggest that a targeted c aign to raise awareness in this population is warranted.
The development of poultry farms risk assessment tool for avian influenza in Imo State, Nigeria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2014.04.003
Abstract: This study validated the content of a questionnaire that will be used for risk stratification in poultry farms in Imo State, Nigeria. The questionnaire was developed from avian influenza risk domains peculiar to poultry farms in Nigeria. The questionnaire was verified and modified by a group of five experts with research interest in Nigeria's poultry industry and avian influenza prevention. The questionnaire was distributed to 30 poultry farms selected from Imo State, Nigeria. The same poultry farms were visited one week after they completed the questionnaires for on-site observation. Agreement between survey and observation results was analyzed using the kappa statistic and rated as poor, fair, moderate, substantial, or nearly perfect internal consistency of the survey was also computed. The mean kappa statistic for agreement between the survey and observations (validation) ranged from 0.06 to 1, poor to nearly perfect agreement. Eight questions showed poor agreement, four had a fair agreement, two items had moderate agreement, nineteen survey questions had substantial agreement and ten questions had nearly perfect agreement. Out of the 43 items in the questionnaire, 32 items were considered validated with coefficient alpha >0.70.
Gender Differences in the Consequences of a Coercive Sexual Experience Among Adolescents Attending Alternative Schools
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1111/J.1746-1561.2003.TB03602.X
Abstract: Of 490 middle and high school students attending alternative schools who participated in this study, 18.2% of females and 6.7% of males reported a past unwanted sexual experience. Relative to nonabused subjects, female and male adolescents who reported a forced sexual experience were more likely to exhibit externalizing problems such as sexual risk behaviors and internalizing problems such as depression and suicidal thoughts in the past two weeks. Females with a history of a coercive sexual experience also had increased odds of drug and alcohol use, and violence-related behaviors. The magnitude of these associations ranged from a twofold increase to a tenfold increase. Controlling for ethnicity, family income, and family support had less impact on the strength of associations between a forced sexual experience and sexual risk behaviors for females than for males. A forced sexual experience remained significantly associated with depression for females and suicidal thoughts for males. Alcohol use in the past 30 days was the only substance use-related problem that remained significant for females. Violence-related behaviors did not remain significant in the presence of control variables for females. Interventions focusing on adolescents with a history of a coercive sexual experience in general, and in alternative schools in particular, are suggested by these results. More research focusing on the differential impact of a coercive sexual experience on males and females is crucial.
Sexual Behaviour, STDs and Drug use in a Crack House Population
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1999
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ulcerative sexually transmissible diseases (STDs) and hepatitis in crack users. We interviewed 435 crack users on site in crack houses in Houston, Texas and took blood for laboratory analysis. There was evidence of syphilis infection in 13%, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) in 61%, HIV in 12%, hepatitis B in 52%, and hepatitis C in 41% of cases. On DSM–III–R criteria, 12% were crack abusers and 84% crack dependent: over half reported previous treatment. Forty per cent reported also injecting. Sexual behaviour indicated a mean of 2.4 partners in the past month for men, 3.7 for women. Sexual behaviour was largely vaginal, although women also reported more than twice the level of oral sex of men. Significant multivariate predictors for HIV and hepatitis B and C were previous reported STD and injecting drug use (including sharing needles), while female gender for syphilis and HSV-2, and additionally condom use for HSV-2, were significant risks. These data confirm high rates of STDs in a crack house population as inferred from previous clinic-based and community studies, and the link between STDs, injecting and HIV. The high rates of STDs found should lead to considering STDs and substance abuse to be dual diagnoses in crack users and the integration of STD diagnosis and treatment into crack outreach and treatment programmes.
The lives of female sex workers in Vietnam: Findings from a qualitative study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.1080/13691050701380018
Abstract: To facilitate better understanding of the environment and power structures in which sex work in Vietnam takes place, this study examined the sex workers' social and economic lives, their working environment, social relationships and presentation of self in everyday social contacts and interactions. Thirty in-depth interviews and 14 focus groups were conducted with street-based and venue-based sex workers in the cities of Da Nang and Hanoi. Results show that sex workers live and work within a complex system involving multiple relationships. In any of these relations, women have limited power to protect their personal security and secure payment for services rendered. Economic hardship is a major problem facing street-level sex workers and contributes to unsafe sexual practices. Venue-based sex workers worry less about economic hardships as such, but frequently incur gambling debts. Women also reported incidents of abuse and experiences of social stigma. Although many women exhibited a strong desire to leave sex work, they found themselves trapped in the sex industry by the lack of alternative employment options. This study provides evidence that socio-psychological factors must be addressed along with risky behaviours to promote women's well-being and social integration.
Supportive social relationships and adolescent health risk behavior among secondary school students in El Salvador
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2005.08.018
Abstract: An increasing number of studies suggest that supportive social relationships in the family and school may exert a protective effect against a number of youth health risk behaviors. This study examines the association between perceived parental social support and perceived social cohesion at school with selected youth risk behavior outcomes (physical fighting, victimization, suicidal ideation, substance use, and sexual intercourse) among 930 female and male public secondary school students studying in the central region of El Salvador. The study questionnaire comprised closed-ended items of parent/school relationships and risk behaviors based on the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey. In regression analyses, female students who perceived low parental social support were significantly more likely to report engaging in all risk behaviors examined, and female students with perceptions of low school social cohesion were more likely to report suicidal ideation, binge drinking, and drug use. Perceptions of parental social support and school social cohesion held fewer but still significant associations across risk behaviors for male students. Male students who reported low parental social support were significantly more likely to report suicidal ideation, drug use and physical fighting, while male students with low perceived school social cohesion were more likely to report physical fighting but less likely to report binge drinking. This study lends support to the importance of supportive social relationships for understanding youth risk behavior and suggests that supportive families and schools may operate differently for female and male students living in El Salvador.
Conspiracy Beliefs About the Origin of HIV/AIDS in Four Racial/Ethnic Groups
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2006
Consequences of Decriminalization of Homosexuality:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-03-1986
Abstract: A comparison between homosexual males in two Australian states, Victoria (prior to decriminalization of homosexuality) and South Australia (eight years after decriminalization), indicated that the consequences of decriminalization did not include an increase in the negative aspects of homosexuality, such as public solicitation or sexually transmitted disease. Findings suggest that as a consequence of decriminalization, the psychological adjustment of homosexual men will increase and sexually transmitted diseases and public solicitation will decrease. These data are tentatively interpreted as indicating that there are few if any negative consequences of decriminalizing homosexuality, and a number of positive consequences.
Bisexuality and Sexually Related Activities on the Internet
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2008
Outcomes of Project Wall Talk: an HIV/AIDS Peer Education Program Implemented within the Texas State Prison System
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.2006.18.6.504
Abstract: We report select outcomes from an evaluation of Project Wall Talk, a community-based, peer-led HIV prevention education program implemented in 36 Texas State prison units. Peer educators completed questionnaires prior to receipt of a 40-hour intensive training (N = 590) and at 9-month follow-up (N = 257). Students (N = 2506) completed questionnaires pre- and post-receipt of peer educator-led HIV education sessions. Peer educators and their students showed significant increases in HIV-related knowledge. Peer educators showed significant increases in assessment of their skills as educators. For both peer educators and students, significant differences in HIV-related knowledge were indicated across categories of prior educational level attained and race/ethnicity no such differences were indicated at follow-up. Compared with baseline, a significantly greater proportion of peer educators reported ever having had an HIV test. After receiving peer-led education, a significantly smaller proportion of students reported they knew their HIV status and more indicated plans to take an HIV test. Additionally, in months 12 and 18 following program implementation, the numbers of HIV tests at the five units that implemented the peer education program were roughly twice that of five, matched comparison units without the peer education program. Based on peer educator reports, we projected that peer educators (N = 257) may have as many as 84,000 or more annual opportunities to share HIV-related knowledge with other prisoners outside the classroom.
Dominant Situational Determinants of Needle Sharing in Injecting Drug Users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
Multiplex Competition, Collaboration, and Funding Networks Among Health and Social Organizations
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000595
Abstract: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have the highest rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States. Decades into the HIV epidemic, the relationships that YMSM-serving health and social organizations have with one another has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study was to examine the competition, collaboration, and funding source structures of multiplex organization networks and the mechanisms that promote fruitful relationships among these organizations. The study data collection method was a survey of health and social organizations from 2013–2014 in 2 cities, Chicago, IL and Houston, TX. Study participants were representatives from 138 health and social organizations. Responses to survey questions were used to reconstruct competition, collaboration, and combined competition-collaboration networks. While taking into consideration the collaborative relationships among organizations, we provide statistical evidence that organizations of similar type, similar social media use patterns, comparable patterns of funding, and similar network contexts tended to compete with one another. This competition was less likely to be accompanied by any sort of collaboration if the organizations shared common funding sources. Competition that excludes potential collaboration may be detrimental to mobilizing the collective efforts that serve local YMSM communities. System-level interventions may provide promising approaches to scaling-up HIV prevention and treatment efforts so as to encourage organizations to form partnerships with otherwise competing providers.
Evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention for men who have sex with men at cruising areas in the Netherlands
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
An investigation of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility among African American crack cocaine smokers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2008
A longitudinal analysis of sexual minorities’ acceptance concerns and internalised homonegativity on perceived psychological stress
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-06-2022
Technological Tearoom Trade: Characteristics of Swedish Men Visiting Gay Internet Chat Rooms
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 04-2003
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.15.3.122.23833
Abstract: This study compares differences among Swedish men who never, occasionally, and frequently use Internet sexual chat rooms. The data indicate that Internet sexual chat room users are significantly different from those who never visit chat rooms. The users were younger, more likely to live at home or with a female partner, bisexual, less open about their homosexuality, less likely to be members of gay organizations, and more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners. The Internet might be a mean's of approximating homosexual contact. These data suggest that the Internet may be a useful place to reach younger and bisexual men, and those who make sexual assignations, with HIV/STD preventive messages, often before they have publicly come out.
Single Dose Versus 3 Doses of Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin for Early Syphilis in HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-02-2017
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIW862
Abstract: Patients coinfected with syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have a slower decrease in rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers. Currently a single dose of 2.4 million units of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) is recommended for the treatment of early syphilis. Some observational studies have suggested that this regimen may lead to high failure rates in coinfected patients. We conducted an open-label randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of single-dose and 3-dose regimens of BPG for the treatment of early syphilis in HIV-infected in iduals. RPR titers were monitored every 3 months. Treatment success was defined as a decrease in RPR titers of ≥2 dilutions (4-fold) during a 12-month follow-up period. Sixty-four patients were included. In the intention-to-treat analysis, treatment success rates were 80% (28 of 35 subjects) and 93% (27 of 29 subjects) in the single-dose and 3-dose regimens, respectively (absolute difference, 13% [95% confidence interval {CI}, -5% to 30% P = .17). In the per-protocol analysis, success rates were 93% (27 of 29) and 100% in the single-dose and 3-dose regimens, respectively (absolute difference, 7% [95% CI, -7% to 22%] P = .49). CD4 T-cell count, RPR titer and syphilis stage did not affect treatment results. When compared with a single dose of BPG, a 3-dose regimen did not improve syphilis serological outcomes. Our results support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation of a single dose of BPG in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. NCT02611765.
Cross-cultural approaches to transsexualism.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1981
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0447.1981.TB00652.X
Abstract: Several hypotheses with regard to the influence of societal factors including the rigidity of the society with regard to sex roles, sexual equality and homosexual behaviour were tested comparing prevalence, incidence and sex ratio of transsexualism between Sweden and Australia, two societies which differ with respect to these factors while otherwise remaining comparable as Western democratic societies of about the same size and level of technological development. Significant differences were found between the two countries in both frequency and sex ratio of transsexualism. These findings are discussed and it is concluded that societal influences seem to have an influence on the number of transsexuals presenting as patients. Further research is needed to assess whether these factors also influence aetiology and development of transsexualism.
Reported sexually transmitted infections in Swedish Internet‐using men and women
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3083.2008.02634.X
Abstract: Although the Internet has become a forum for making sexual contacts, and has been associated with increased sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission, we have little information of history of STIs in Internet-based s les. The Internet behaviours that are associated with STI acquisition are poorly understood. We analysed STI histories reported by 904 Swedish men and 931 Swedish women who responded to an Internet-based survey on sexual behaviour in 2002: 16.6% of men and 22.5% of women reported a lifetime history of STIs, with Chlamydia being the most common for both genders. 3% of men and 5% of women who reported an STI, indicated that they had had more than one. Sources of the STI, where known, were Internet-acquired partners in only 3% of cases. There were no differences between men and women with or without an STI history regarding the kind of online sexual activities they engaged in, how they found sexual material online, and the reasons they engage in sexual activities. These rates are similar to those reported in a national random study of sexuality in Sweden. Contrary to prior research, these results suggest no relationship between STI and specific Internet characteristics usage patterns. These data suggest that the Internet is not yet a major source of STIs in Swedish men and women. Given these STI histories, the Internet may be a useful medium to include in STI prevention efforts.
Social position, gender role, and treatment adherence among Colombian women living with HIV/AIDS: social determinants of health approach
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49892009001200005
Abstract: To assess and analyze the associations between adherence to treatment and social position in women living with HIV/AIDS. A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study among 269 Colombian women was conducted. Participants completed three questionnaires: a socio-demographic and clinical characteristics survey, a treatment adherence scale, and a social position survey. Women of low social position had a significantly higher probability of low treatment adherence (OR = 5.651, P < 0.0001), and the majority of social position variables measured had a significant effect on adherence. A general model considering the variables 'type of national health care plan' ('contributive,' 'subsidized,' or, in the case of vinculadas or the uninsured, 'none') 'having HIV-positive children' and 'level of viral load' was statistically reliable in predicting study participants' treatment adherence. Membership in the subsidized plan or being uninsured had a greater effect on the probability of low adherence than membership in the contributive plan (OR = 3.478, P 400 copies/ml were more likely to have low adherence than women without those characteristics (OR = 2.395, P = 0.0274 and OR = 2.178, P = 0.0050, respectively). Improving women's adherence to HIV/AIDS treatment in Colombia would require eliminating barriers to national health care system and comprehensive health care services and implementing programs that take into account women's role as maternal caregivers The findings underscore the need to integrate variables related to gender inequality and social position in treatment adherence analysis, as advocated in the social determinants of health approach.
The Use of Fry (Embalming Fluid and PCP-Laced Cigarettes or Marijuana Sticks) among Crack Cocaine Smokers
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.2190/DE.38.3.F
Abstract: Statistics show that the prevalence of crack cocaine use and embalming fluid and phencyclidine (PCP)-laced cigarettes or marijuana sticks, commonly referred to on the street as “fry” or “wet” is a problem however, the relationship between these substances of abuse and concurrent polydrug use is unknown. In the present study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 426 African-American crack users in Houston, Texas, to investigate the difference between those who concurrently reported lifetime (defined as at least one usage of fry in life) fry use and those who stated they never used fry. The data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Fry users were significantly more likely than non-users to not have a casual sex partner (92% users vs. 84% non-users, p ≤ 0.05) and were more likely to have been diagnosed with gonorrhea in the past 12 months (9% users vs. 2% non-users, p ≤ 0.05). In addition fry users had significantly higher odds of currently trading sex for drugs (OR = 2.30, p ≤ 0.05), marijuana use (OR = 12.11, p ≤ 0.05), and codeine (syrup) use (OR = 8.10, p ≤ 0.05). These findings are important in determining the “cultural novelties” relative to crack and fry use among younger African Americans.
PERCEPTIONS OF AIDS: A PILOT COMPARISON WITH VIEWS OF OTHER SELECTED DISORDERS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1989.TB00200.X
Abstract: Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) stabilizes anti-atherogenic high density lipoprotein particles (HDL) in the circulation and governs their biogenesis, metabolism, and functional interactions. To decipher these important structure-function relationships, it will be necessary to understand the structure, stability, and plasticity of the apoA-I molecule. Biophysical studies show that lipid-free apoA-I contains a large amount of alpha-helical structure but the location of this structure and its properties are not established. We used hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with a fragmentation-separation method and mass spectrometric analysis to study human lipid-free apoA-I in its physiologically pertinent monomeric form. The acquisition of approximately 100 overlapping peptide fragments that redundantly cover the 243-residue apoA-I polypeptide made it possible to define the positions and stabilities of helical segments and to draw inferences about their interactions and dynamic properties. Residues 7-44, 54-65, 70-78, 81-115, and 147-178 form alpha-helices, accounting for a helical content of 48 +/- 3%, in agreement with circular dichroism measurements (49%). At 3 to 5 kcal/mol in free energy of stabilization, the helices are far more stable than could be achieved in isolation, indicating mutually stabilizing helix bundle interactions. However the helical structure is dynamic, unfolding and refolding in seconds, allowing facile apoA-I reorganization during HDL particle formation and remodeling.
Sexual Health and HIV/STI Risk in Gay Refugee Men in Nairobi, Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-12-2021
DOI: 10.3390/VENEREOLOGY1010003
Abstract: Refugees are often without financial support and some resort to survival sex. Some of these men are gay or bisexual who fled their countries because of actual or fear of death and other persecution, exacerbated by the criminalization of consensual same-sex practices by life imprisonment or death in extreme cases. We conducted qualitative interviews with 12 gay and bisexual men within a larger s le in Nairobi, Kenya, who engaged in survival sex. Thematic analysis indicated eight main themes: Physical dangers, sexual assault, lack of rights and recourse to justice Emotional difficulties of sex work Seeing treatable STIs as “normal”, but others like Hepatitis B and C as abnormal, and HIV as the most feared Recognition of penile symptoms but concerns about sexual health including anal symptoms, such as fistulas and bleeding good knowledge about HIV but confusions over PEP and PrEP, self-testing, health access to NGO clinics and some hospital clinics but concerns about stigma and discrimination in public clinics generally and as a result of concerns about public healthcare settings, use of pharmacies for treatment. The data indicate that male refugees from gay repression, as found for refugees from other repressions, face many of the same issues with local variations.
Coping modes with HIV disease predict loss from HIV study cohort
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2005
Abstract: The objective of this longitudinal study of 41 Swedish men with HIV disease was to assess what variables or combination of variables might predict loss to retention at 12 months. The variables of focus were of patients' characteristics, quality of life, psychological, and medical characters. It appears that it is psychological variables relating to coping with HIV disease that are the best predictors of failure to retain respondents in this cohort. The responses to two items: 'I have been doing things that I believe will improve my health (e.g. changed my diet)' and 'I feel like giving up' correctly classified over 85% of cases lost to the study. These findings are worthy of replication and may prove useful in maximizing retention rates in longitudinal studies of the course of HIV disease and medication adherence and outcome.
Predictors of Drop-Out in an Internet Study of Men Who Have Sex with Men
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-2008
Abstract: Researchers have suggested the rising use of Internet to look for sexual partners is an important contributor to the resurgence in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM). Web-based s les of this population reflect good geographical ersity for research, but a high drop-out rate creates a significant potential for bias, misrepresentation of population, and misinterpretation of data. This study aims to describe the demographics of an Internet s le of MSM and the differences between the completers and drop-outs. We analyzed data obtained from a cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire for males, 18 years or older, who were current U.S. residents, and who had sex with men. Of 850 eligible participants, 404 (47.5%) were labeled as drop-outs. The completers and drop-outs differed significantly in age, education, country of birth, health insurance, time spent on Internet, location of computer access, types of sites visited, profile information, last homosexual experience, methods used to determine safety of partners, and type of sexual activities on real meets. Almost half of the participants dropped out before completion. Although the two groups did not differ in many of the items, high drop-out rates are a threat to the validity of such data. Drop-out constitutes a significant bias in Internet sexuality research and must be considered while interpreting the results of such studies.
Media sources of HIV/AIDS information in injecting drug users
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1992.TB00074.X
Abstract: We report on media habits of 797 members of a s le of 1245 injecting drug users interviewed in Sydney, Australia. While preferred hours of television viewing and radio listening were similar to those of the general population, the preferred channels and stations were different. These findings could assist in targeting injecting drug users with information about HIV/AIDS prevention. However as the self-regulatory advertising process has constrained broadcast and publication of overt messages directed at homosexual and bisexual men, similar restrictions may prevent optimal mass media approaches to educating this other important group at risk of HIV infection.
Characteristics of Men Who Have Sex with Men on the Internet But Identify as Heterosexual, Compared with Heterosexually Identified Men Who Have Sex with Women
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2005
Abstract: We compared men who have sex with other men on the Internet with the remainder of the s le of men who reported only sex with women on the Internet, in a s le of 1,846 Swedish men recruited from a major Swedish portal. We report on the self-identified heterosexual men in the s le who reported engaging in cybersex in the past year, and for whom there was complete data on sexual identity and the gender of cybersexual partners. Of the 244 cases with full data, 76% were heterosexual in both identity and behavior, 16% were gay or bisexual in identity and reported both male and female cybersexual contacts on the Internet, and 8% indicated their sexual preference was heterosexual but also reported at least one male sexual partner on the Internet. Thus, 11% of self-identified heterosexual men had sex with other men online. Comparing the two groups, the men who had sex with men (MSM) who did not identify (MSM-NI) spent significantly more time per week online, although a similar amount of time on sexual pursuits, as the heterosexual men. The MSM-NI were significantly more likely to agree that their online sexuality had affected their sexuality in a positive way, to have bought sex from prostitutes, to agree that they do things online that they would not do offline, have cybersex more often, use a web-camera and microphone more often, flirt and visit contact sites more often, and agree more often that sexual thoughts and behaviors are causing problems, desire to have sex creates problems, and sometimes fail to meet commitments due to their sexual behavior. These data taken together suggest that MSM-NI online are not uncommon and are characterized by the extent of their cybersexual involvement that sometimes extends to other men. Such men may rationalize this cybersex with other men as not, or minimally, sexual in much the same way as Humphreys characterized MSMs in public restrooms.
Exorcism as psychiatric treatment: A homosexual case study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1979
DOI: 10.1007/BF01541881
Abstract: The haematological role of the spleen has been investigated in a series of 22 patients with active chronic hepatitis. Severe pancytopenia occurred in one patient after three years of steroid therapy and this episode was associated with an increase in spleen size and a high splenic index of red cell destruction. Although the spleen was usually enlarged in the remainder of treated and untreated patients no others showed increased splenic haemolysis. The red cell survival was slightly reduced in most patients but splenic pooling of red cells and expansion of the plasma volume did not significantly reduce the haematocrit level. No consistent haematological differences were detected between the untreated and the treated patients.
Predicting the future of Internet sex: Online sexual activities in Sweden
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2003
Refugees from Myanmar and their Health Care Needs in the US: A Qualitative Study at a Refugee Resettlement Agency
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 26-07-2010
Acceptance of Syphilis Screening among Residents of high-STD-Risk Houston Communities
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2001
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of acceptance of street-intercept syphilis screening and to identify barriers to screening among residents of 2 Houston communities with high rates of syphilis. Each of 691 people who participated in a street-intercept survey about syphilis was offered a free syphilis test immediately after completion of the survey. Acceptors of screening had blood drawn at the site of the interview, and blood s les were tested by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and a confirmatory microhaemagglutination–Treponema pallidum (MHA–TP) for those with a positive antibody reaction on the RPR. On-street syphilis screening was accepted by 26% of the s le. The most common reason for refusal was not wanting to have blood drawn (19.5%). Among those screened for syphilis (n=148), seroprevalence was 19%, with 33% of women testing positive and 10% of men. The results of this study point to a need for increased case-finding, standard screening recommendations, and interventions targeting specific barriers to syphilis screening.
Spatial Bridging in a Network of Drug-Using Male Sex Workers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2005
Significant relationships and social supports of injecting drug users and their implications for HIV/AIDS services
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1080/09540129308258581
Abstract: Strong social support networks have been associated with positive outcomes for health and well-being throughout the life-cycle. This paper investigates the structural and functional nature of social support networks of 100 injecting drug users (IDUs) in Sydney and the implications for HIV/AIDS services. Using a modified ISEL respondents saw support in terms of its tangibility of people and support, in terms of an appraisal of having friends, and as a self-esteem measure. We found the majority of respondents 'hung around' with other IDUs, lived with other IDUs, and were satisfied with the support they received from their friends. Friends appeared to be a more important source of social support than biological families and if respondents were to become HIV infected they would be more open about their status with friends than family. Where family was involved in support it was likely to be provided by mothers and siblings who were also the family members who knew about the respondent's drug use. There was no relationship between numbers of supports and satisfaction of support, suggesting quality and quantity of support were independent. Non-social supports were conceptualized primarily in terms of medical services.
Social networks of men who have sex with men and their implications for HIV/STI interventions: results from a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling in a large and a small city in Tanz
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-2016
Psychological issues in AIDS-related syndromes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1988
Sexual compulsivity and high-risk sex among Latino men: the role of internalized homonegativity and gay organizations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-12-2008
Distribution of knowledge of AIDS: A national study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90360-7
Abstract: Knowledge of, and attitudes toward, AIDS were assessed in a random s le of over 2600 in iduals aged 16 and over in all states and territories of Australia. Those with lower knowledge of AIDS were more likely to be separated, orced or widowed, older, and more personally concerned about AIDS. There were no differences in knowledge of AIDS across states, or between sexes. In iduals with lower knowledge of AIDS had greater fear of homosexuals, more unrealistic concerns about AIDS, blamed those infected more, were more afraid of the unknown aspects of AIDS, and were more conservative. In iduals who had used intravenous drugs ever and in the past year had significantly lower knowledge of AIDS for other risk behaviours, there were no significant differences. In iduals who personally knew homosexual people had higher knowledge of AIDS. These data indicate that the determinants of knowledge of AIDS are related more strongly to attitudinal variables than to demographic ones, and that there are few differences in knowledge across those practising at risk behaviours, compared with the general population, with the exception of intravenous drug users.
Influence of Educational Status and Other Variables on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Perception among Military Personnel: A Large Cohort Finding
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2007
A comparison of the factor structure of the crown-crisp experiential index across sex and psychiatric status
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Misrepresentation on the Internet and in real life about sex and HIV: A study of Latino men who have sex with men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1080/13691050500485604
Abstract: Experiences of men who have internet sex with men were studied to determine the level of misrepresentation in real life and on the Internet of physical, relationship, sexual interests, and HIV status. An internet-based questionnaire in English and Spanish ($20 compensation) recruited 1,026 Latino MISM over 3 weeks. Four 'fib' scales were created to measure misrepresentation by the respondent and to the respondent on the Internet and IRL. Overall, respondents rated being misrepresented to on the Internet significantly highest, followed by being misrepresented to IRL and misrepresenting themselves to others on the Internet, and misrepresenting themselves to others IRL lowest. For HIV status there were no differences between Internet and IRL misrepresentation by others and Internet and IRL misrepresentation by self, but a significant difference between HIV status misrepresentation by self and others. Misrepresenters were more likely to have had cybersex before meeting their last partner and to prefer cybersex, to be more sexually compulsive, and to speak and think more in Spanish. Social desirability considerations account for the higher misrepresentation on physical characteristics and sexual interests by others, and higher misrepresentation on the Internet. However, misrepresentation of HIV status was the lowest category and while it was misrepresented more often by others than self, there were no internet/IRL differences. Data suggest that HIV misrepresentation occurred for 20% of men and was lower than other forms of misrepresentation. Implications for HIV prevention are discussed, along with the concept of levels of accuracy in internet communications.
A theme issue by, for, and about Africa
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-09-2005
Evidence for Masturbation and Prostate Cancer Risk: Do We Have a Verdict?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SXMR.2016.02.006
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and remains one of the most diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Ongoing public health efforts continue to promote protective factors, such as diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle modifications, against PCa development. Masturbation is a nearly universal safe sexual activity that transcends societal boundaries and geography yet continues to be met with stigma and controversy in contemporary society. Although previous studies have examined associations between sexual activity and PCa risk, anecdotal relations have been suggested regarding masturbation practice and PCa risk. To provide a summary of the published literature and examine the contemporary evidence for relations between masturbation practice and PCa risk. A survey of the current literature using seven academic electronic databases was conducted using search terms and key words associated with masturbation practice and PCa risk. The practice of masturbation and its relation to PCa risk. The literature search identified study s les (n = 16) published before October 2015. S le inclusions varied by study type, s le size, and primary objective. Protective relations (n = 7) between ejaculation through masturbation and PCa risk were reported by 44% of the study s le. Age range emerged as a significant variable in the relation between masturbation and PCa. Findings included relations among masturbation, ejaculation frequency, and age range as in idual factors of PCa risk. No universally accepted themes were identified across the study s le. Throughout the s le, there was insufficient agreement in survey design and data reporting. Potential avenues for new research include frequency of ejaculation and age range as covarying factors that could lead to more definitive statements about masturbation practice and PCa risk.
Evidence of HIV Transmission Risk in Barebacking Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men: Cases from the Internet
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-10-2005
Personal and partner measures in stages of consistent condom use among African–American heterosexual crack cocaine smokers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2008
A Psychosocial Comparison of New Orleans and Houston Crack Smokers in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-10-2009
Changes in equipment sharing in injecting drug users in Sydney 1989–1990
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1993
DOI: 10.1080/09595239300185331
Abstract: We investigated levels of equipment sharing in injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia, in two consecutive s les recruited in a non-treatment setting using similar methodology in 1989 (n = 1,245) and 1990 (n = 550). Comparison between the two waves of the study indicated that there were consistent and major reductions in percentage of time used equipment was re-used, and number of people from whom used equipment had been accepted. There was a corresponding significant and major increase in use of sterile injection equipment, obtained more frequently in the second s le from needle and syringe exchanges. The proportion of respondents reporting they had never shared equipment rose significantly. These data suggest that there is a continuing increase in the adoption of safer injecting practices and utilisation of needle and syringe exchanges over time in response to the threat of HIV transmission in injecting drug users.
HIV Prevention and Street–Based Male Sex Workers: An Evaluation of Brief Interventions
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.2006.18.3.204
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and the comparative efficacy of brief HIV risk reduction interventions to increase condom use during paid anal sex by street-based male sex workers (MSWs). Of the 399 street-based MSWs who participated in the evaluation of acceptability, 112 participated in the evaluation of efficacy. Acceptability was evaluated by assessing completion rates. Intervention efficacy was assessed across two brief interventions, a "standard" and a "standard-plus" interventions. The primary outcome of concern was condom use during paid anal sexual encounters. In addition to this variable, changes in drug use, needle use, condom use beliefs, and condom use intention were also assessed. Results showed that almost two thirds of MSWs enrolled in a brief intervention completed it. Completion rates varied by age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and HIV status. Condom use during paid anal sex increased postintervention. In addition, condom use intentions, positive condom use outcome expectations, and condom use normative expectations increased preintervention to postintervention. However, there were no significant differences between the standard and the standard-plus brief interventions in any of the outcomes measured. Brief interventions to reduce the HIV risks are acceptable to MSWs and are efficacious for reducing unprotected anal sex during paid sexual encounters.
Attitudes toward condoms as AIDS prophylaxis in homosexual men: Dimensions and measurement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1988
DOI: 10.1080/08870448808400355
Abstract: Increases in condom use among homosexually active men are crucial to containing the spread of AIDS. The present study examined the components of attitudes and beliefs toward condom use in homosexual and bisexual men using a modified version of Brown's Attitude toward condoms scale. Factor analysis revealed 5 clear dimensions: viewing condoms as unreliable and unerotic as protection from infection as unavailable when needed as interrupting sex and viewing condoms as a responsibility and being comfortable with condom use. 5 subscales constructed from these dimensions differentiated significantly between homosexual men who used condoms frequently and infrequently or never. 4 of the subscales (except Protection form Infection subscale) differentiated frequency of oral condom use only the Responsibility and Comfort with Condom Use subscale differentiated frequency of anal condom use. The Homosexual Attitudes toward Condom use scale demonstrates that: dimensions of beliefs and attitudes toward condom use in homosexually active men differ substantially from those in heterosexual in iduals a reliable and valid scale for measuring such attitudes now exists factors influencing condom use in this population differ for oral and anal intercourse and this scale enables further research on determinants of condom use, and effects of modifying attitudes toward condom use in homosexually active men to be carried out.
Incomplete reporting of race and ethnicity in gonorrhoea cases and potential bias in disease reporting by private and public sector providers
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2004
Being Forced to Become Your Own Doctor: Men Who Have Sex with Men's Experiences of Stigma in the Tanzanian Healthcare System
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-03-2016
Direct and Indirect Associations Between Internalized Homonegativity and High-Risk Sex
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2011
Development and evaluation of an inventory for rating client satisfaction with outcome in HIV counseling: the Albion Center scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1994
DOI: 10.1016/0738-3991(94)90077-9
Abstract: We developed an inventory for rating client satisfaction with outcome in HIV counseling, based on interview responses with clients. The resulting 19-item scale was subject to factor analysis and four factors, accounting for 56% of the variance, emerged. The factors described dimensions of Perception of progress and improved mood Recognition of a specific need for counseling Behavior change from counseling and Counseling climate. Factor-scored scales were significantly associated with time in counseling and for the Specific need for counseling scale, HIV-seropositive respondents had a significantly higher score. Scale reliabilities (Cronbach's alpha) were between 0.85 and 0.50. Concurrent administration with the Counseling Evaluation Inventory indicated that there were significant correlations between the two scales.
Dimensions, content and validation of the fear of AIDS schedule in health professionals
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1991
DOI: 10.1080/09540129108253060
Abstract: We examined the structure of the Fear of AIDS Schedule (FAIDSS) in a s le of 134 health care workers. Factor analysis indicated that there were five discrete dimension of fear of AIDS: fears of loss of control, of sex, of HIV infection through blood and illness, of death and medical interventions, and of contact with outsiders. These dimensions had low to moderate intercorrelations. The dimensions of fear of HIV infection through blood or illness, was significantly correlated with desired personal social distance from people with AIDS, and this dimension along with fear of death and medical interventions were correlated with desired public social distance. Fear of infection through blood and illness were predictors of both desired personal social distance and public social distance from people with HIV infection. The data suggest greater discrimination of AIDS fears with greater closeness of interaction with people with HIV disease, and that these dimensions of the FAIDSS are both reliable and valid measures of AIDS fears.
HIV/AIDS and injection drug use in the neighborhoods of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1016/S0376-8716(06)80004-9
Abstract: This study examines the intersection between needle-sharing practices and HIV recovered from used syringes collected from 73 heroin injection drug users (IDUs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between October 2003 and January 2004. To extract blood residue, syringes were flushed and 10 microliters of solution mixed with 120 microliters of a latex solution was placed on a Capillus HIV-1/2 slide. Thirty-five (57%) of the useable syringes tested positive for HIV antibodies. Results varied significantly: 90% of syringes tested HIV positive in a mixed-income neighborhood 2 kilometers from the city center: 0% of syringes tested HIV positive in the outlying areas. In addition, semistructured interviews were conducted with 51 IDUs. The interviews were content coded, and codes were collapsed into emergent themes regarding syringe-use practices. Injecting is a recent practice, particularly among heroin users in neighborhoods far from the city center. Sharing syringes has resulted in a high proportion of used syringes containing HIV-positive blood residue. Geographic distance is an indicator of recent adoption of IDU in neighborhoods and correlates strongly with the distribution of syringes containing HIV-positive blood residue.
Methadone Maintenance and the Likelihood of Risky Needle-Sharing
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.3109/10826089509048753
Abstract: Survey data were used to study the association of methadone maintenance and needle-sharing. An ordinal scale of HIV risk was derived from the number of persons from whom subjects reported accepting a used needle and syringe in the 6 months prior to interview. The odds of respondents in methadone maintenance being in the higher risk group were half those of daily heroin users not in treatment for all three transitions in a four-level ordinal scale of risk (OR 0.55, 95% CL 0.33 to 0.90, ordinal logistic regression). This association disappeared when methadone patients who had not injected in the month prior to interview were excluded from the analysis. Subjects' knowledge concerning HIV and AIDS had no measurable association with the outcome. It is concluded that methadone maintenance reduces heroin addicts' risk of infection with HIV by reducing the likelihood of their injecting drugs rather than by changing their injecting behavior.
A Preliminary Study of Social Issues in AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1746-1561.1989.TB04732.X
Abstract: Educational efforts to prevent the spread of AIDS require a combination of accurate information and the application of that information to personal behavior. In this preliminary study, a scale was developed to evaluate the social and interpersonal skills of adolescents in AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related interactions. The instrument was administered to 101 Australian students in grades 10 and 11 of an urban high school. Findings indicate ratings of AIDS-related activities of the adolescents were not significantly different from their other social activities, suggesting levels of comfort and assertiveness among adolescents in AIDS-related activities can be modified. Students felt most anxious about problems with sexually transmitted diseases or drug use, suggesting difficulty in dealing with the possible public disclosure of these stigmatized conditions. Data suggest both in idual and group scores among adolescents may improve on the five dimensions of the scale following interventions to promote social and interpersonal skills designed to apply knowledge obtained from AIDS education.
Codeine Cough Syrup Use Among African-American Crack Cocaine Users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2007.10399868
Abstract: While studies show evidence of a clear problem with the prevalence of crack cocaine and codeine cough syrup use separately, the relationship between these substances of abuse and concurrent polydrug use is unknown. In an attempt to ascertain beyond anecdotal evidence, the authors carried out a cross-sectional study among 482 African-American crack users to investigate the differences between those who were concurrently codeine cough syrup users and those who were not codeine cough syrup users in Houston, Texas. Logistic regression indicated that codeine use was significantly associated with lower participant age and lower education codeine cough syrup users were significantly more likely than nonusers to not have a main sexual partner. In addition, codeine users had significantly higher odds of ever trading sex for money, marijuana use, and fry use. These findings are important in determining the "cultural novelties" relative to crack and codeine use among younger African Americans.
Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among incarcerated males in county jail
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2005.08.013
Abstract: The current study examined the prevalence and characteristics of childhood sexual abuse in a jailed-based population. A retrospective, self-reported survey was administered over an 8-week period to a random s le of 100 men who were incarcerated in a county jail in Southeastern Texas. The survey included questions about childhood sexual experiences before and after puberty, drug history and use, and sexual risk-taking behaviors. Of the 100 male inmates who participated in this study, 59% reported experiencing some form of sexual abuse before puberty, and all such instances occurred before or at the age of 13 years. The first episode of childhood sexual abuse began at an average age of 9.6 years (SD = 2.4), and ended at an average age of 13.0 years (SD = 2.3). Kissing and touching without intercourse (64%) was the common pattern of sexual abuse experience reported. The total number of perpetrators was 165, with 10% male and 90% female. Friends (n = 72) and family (n = 56) were the most frequent perpetrators. Childhood sexual abuse may be more prevalent among inmates than among males in the general population. These results show a high percentage of inmates who report a history of childhood sexual abuse this rate is higher than those reported by other studies for incarcerated males. The findings support the belief held by professionals in the criminal justice field that a significant number of incarcerated males may have been victims of sexual abuse.
Lubricant use and condom use during anal sex in men who have sex with men in Tanzania
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-09-2016
Abstract: The lack of data on condom and lubricant use among African men who have sex with men (MSM) hinders prevention efforts. We describe use, knowledge, and access to lubricants in Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Tanzania. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 from a cross-sectional survey of 200 MSM in Dar es Salaam and 100 MSM in Tanga, Tanzania. The most common reason for not using condoms was dislike of condoms. Two-thirds of the men reported always using a lubricant for anal sex. Results showed that: fewer men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) know about lubricants more MSM look for, have difficulty finding, and find lubricants to be expensive and MSM use lubricants to facilitate penetration. MSMW commonly receive their lubricants from their sexual partner, while MSM got them from friends and pharmacies. HIV-negative MSM used lubricants to facilitate penetration and reduce pain. HIV-positive MSM are likely to get their lubricants from pharmacies or friends. MSMW use Vaseline® significantly more than MSM as a lubricant. Results suggest that HIV prevention knowledge among MSM is greater, so HIV prevention efforts should emphasise carrying water-based lubricant among MSMW. Consequently, there is an opportunity to co-market condoms and water-based lubricants.
HIV risk among a sample of drug using male sex workers
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2003
HIV Testing and Management: Findings from a National Sample of Asian/Pacific Islander Men Who Have Sex with Men
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1177/003335491212700207
Abstract: We examined reasons for and barriers to participating in HIV voluntary counseling and testing for Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S. We collected data between June 2007 and September 2009 in a study known as Men of Asia Testing for HIV, using a cross-sectional community-based participatory design. This national study was conducted in seven U.S. metropolitan cities through a coalition of seven community-based organizations. Participants included 445 self-identified A/PI MSM aged ≥18 years. Perception of being at risk was the number one reason for testing behaviors. For first-time testers, structural barriers (e.g., language barriers with health professionals) and fear of disclosure (e.g., sexual orientation not known to parents) were deterrents for nontesting in the past. Among previously known HIV-positive men, 22% were not seeing a doctor and 19% were not taking any HIV medications. HIV testing, care, and treatment policies would be less than optimal without addressing barriers to testing, including stigma related to sexual orientation, among A/PI MSM.
The Internet as a source of information about sexuality
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2012
Reasons for Non-Use of Condoms by Homosexually Active Men during Anal Intercourse
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1990
DOI: 10.1177/095646249000100608
Abstract: Sixty-eight homosexually active men attending an STD clinic were questioned to ascertain the percentage of the time they did not use condoms during anal intercourse, and the reasons for this. Data indicated that the reasons most commonly given were being in a steady relationship (32.8%), being unprepared (19.4%), couldn't be bothered (19.4%), use of alcohol or drugs (7.5%), being bisexual (4.5%), attractiveness of partner or partner attitude toward sex, and knowing the partner (3% each). These data suggest that both trust and situational variables are barriers to consistent condom use in homosexually active men.
Relationship between expressed HIV/AIDS‐related stigma and HIV‐beliefs/knowledge and behaviour in families of HIV infected children in Kenya
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-03-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3156.2006.01583.X
Abstract: To quantify expressed stigma in clients of the Kangemi program for HIV+ children, and to characterize the association between stigma and other population characteristics. By means of a household survey we created a stigma index and indices for other social and knowledge domains that influence HIV-related healthcare. We used chi2, anova, and correlation to identify associations between domains. The mean (+/-SD) expressed stigma on a six points scale (6 = least stigma) was 3.65 +/- 1.64. Composite scores on knowledge about AIDS were skewed toward more knowledge and analysis of in idual knowledge items indicates that most respondents reject erroneous traditional beliefs and myths about the causes and transmission routes of AIDS. Respondents who were younger, had never married, and had less education expressed greater stigma. Differences in stigma were associated with poor knowledge about AIDS and negative attitudes toward testing, but not with gender or tribal affiliation. Condom use at last intercourse, unrelated to stigma, was only 40% (n = 218). While this population has good knowledge about AIDS and appraises risks realistically, it fails to reduce these risks. Associations between stigma and other domains can inform interventions that improve HIV care and mitigate spread of HIV.
HIV risk exposure of injecting drug users in Sydney
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.1080/09595239500185271
Abstract: One thousand two hundred and forty-five Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs) were interviewed by questionnaire in 1989 to determine demographic and behavioural characteristics. One-sixth (16.7%) were considered to be at low risk of HIV from either needle sharing or sexual transmission as they had either never shared injecting equipment, or had not shared for years, or cleaned their injecting equipment effectively on 100% of the occasions when they did share and were either celibate or monogamous or, if they had multiple partners, had not had unsafe sex in the previous 6 months. Over half (50.7%) had either unsafe injecting or sexual behaviour with the remaining third (32.6%) engaging in both unsafe injecting and sexual practises. Women were more at risk from sharing injection equipment than men but men were more at risk from sexual transmission than women. Increasing age was associated with greater likelihood of safer sex but age had no effect on injecting practises. There was no relationship between unsafe injecting and sexual practises. Amphetamine use was associated with low risk injecting practises while heroin use was associated with low risk sexual transmission. These findings indicate appreciable residual risk behaviour sufficient to allow for at least a slow diffusion of HIV among injecting drug users.
African‐American crack users' attitudes and beliefs about male and female condoms
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Predictors of Condom Use Among African American Males at High Risk for HIV1
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
Medical education in Maharashtra: The student perspective
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2009
Abstract: There is hardly any structured study reporting the perspective of medical students, with regard to the medical education system in Maharashtra, which is facing challenges. A perception study of students was conducted to explore the situation, challenges, and consequent solutions of medical education in Maharashtra. A descriptive perception study. A structured questionnaire was e-mailed to 92 students, and interviews with seven key-informants comprising of faculty, administrators, and policy makers were conducted, to gather qualitative insights. Thirty-seven student replies were received and analyzed. The satisfaction level of student respondents for various factors was as follows: infrastructure 18/37 (48.6%), quality of teaching 14/37 (37.8%), patient population 22/37 (59.5%), and administration 8/37 (21.6%). Ninety-two percent (34/37) of the students stated that the fundamental problem was the inability of the system to attract good, quality teachers. The reasons stated were low salaries, low level of job satisfaction, high level of bureaucracy, and high work load. The medical education system in Maharashtra is viewed as being stagnant. The respondents emphasized an urgent need for educational reforms, which should include better compensation for teachers, sharing of facilities between government and private medical colleges, and improved efficiency of the Medical Council of India. In the long run a public-private mix with sharing of resources may be a plausible solution.
A cluster analysis of drug use and sexual HIV risks and their correlates in a sample of African-American crack cocaine smokers with HIV infection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Study of perceived norms, beliefs and intended sexual behaviour among higher secondary school students in India
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2001
Reliability and validity of the Student Perceptions of School Cohesion Scale in a sample of Salvadoran secondary school students
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-11-2009
Increasing Research and Evaluation Productivity: Tips for Successful Writing Retreats
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1177/152483990100200103
Abstract: Part of the responsibilities of researchers, evaluators, and program planners is ensuring that the results of their studies are disseminated promptly and efficiently. Yet, many, if not most, projects, particularly those involving senior staff, suffer from time constraints and competing demands placed on investigators. In this article, writing retreats are discussed as an innovative strategy for prioritizing research and evaluation, planning publications, and ensuring prompt analysis of data and efficient writing of results. Ten tips are offered for a successful and productive writing retreat: (a) get the buy-in of all investigators, (b) be goal oriented, (c) set tasks to be completed before the retreat, (d) select an environment conducive to writing, (e) prioritize writing, (f) create opportunities for midcourse correction and the mentoring of junior researchers and evaluators, (g) protect the principal investigator’s time for writing, (h) ensure adequate and compatible technology, (i) ensure the writers’ comfort, and (j) focus on success.
Drug and sexual HIV risk behaviours related to knowledge of HIV serostatus among injection drug users in Houston, Texas
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-07-2013
Abstract: This study examines the association between drug and sexual HIV risk behaviours and knowledge of HIV serostatus among a s le of injection drug users, recruited into the 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project. We calculated prevalence ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals of reporting a given risk behaviour comparing injection drug users unaware of their serostatus and HIV-negative to HIV-positive injection drug users. Of 523 participants, 21% were unaware of their HIV serostatus. The three groups were not different from each other in terms of drug-use behaviours however, injection drug users unaware of their HIV serostatus were 33% more likely to report having more than three sexual partners in the past 12 months and 45% more likely to report having unprotected sex compared to HIV-positive injection drug users. We observed markedly higher prevalence of sexual risk behaviours among injection drug users unaware of their serostatus, but drug-use risk behaviours were similar across the groups.
Characteristics, Drug Use, and Sex Partners of a Sample of Male Sex Workers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/00952990601082670
Abstract: Some male sex workers (MSWs) are also engaging in a significant amount of illicit drug use and other high risk behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, and sex partner characteristics in a s le of MSW. Data were collected from 179 men who were trading sex for money in Houston, TX. In the past 30 days they reported an average of 56 male partners and 5 female partners. Of the 179 men, 152 had been tested for HIV and knew their status. Twenty-six percent of those tested had tested positive.
Some effects of heterosexual marriage on homosexual desire
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1982
Planning for pleasure: Time patterns in the use of Internet forums of female sex workers' clients in Germany
Publisher: Masaryk University Press
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.5817/CP2014-1-5
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal usage of seven sex workers’ clients’ (johns’) German Internet forums. Data covering the years 2008 to 2010 and showing monthly, daily and hourly usage were gained through different log file analysis tools. Three different focus groups discussed the results. One focus group was made up by users of johns’ forums, one group by female sex workers and another one by social workers. Data analysis revealed that johns frequent their web-forums mostly on late Monday afternoons, preferably between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. According to the focus groups’ discussions, this distinct time frame appears to be substantially based on the johns’ intention to plan their activities in commercial sex.
Effect of a Clinic-Wide Social Marketing Campaign to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2012
Differential processes of ‘Internet’ versus ‘real life’ sexual filtering and contact among men who have sex with men
Publisher: Masaryk University Press
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.5817/CP2014-1-6
Abstract: We studied the behaviors and sexual contacts in 1,000 Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), and behaviors for main and casual partners, and between Internet and In Real Life (IRL) sexual contacts for non-main partners. Data establish different patterns of MSM courtships and a pattern of partner acquisition. Data indicate the process of filtering, courtship, and / or negotiating for sex (including positioning) is different for Internet-acquired and IRL-acquired partners. There are more steps in the Internet process compared to the IRL processes prior to face-to-face contact, as well as negotiations of risk reduction. Higher levels of risk behavior and specifically anal sex and rimming suggest that the Internet allows for pre-Face-To-Face negotiation of sexual scripts.
Perceived parental rearing patterns of homosexual and heterosexual men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1988
Characteristics and Behaviors of Sexual Compulsives Who Use the Internet for Sexual Purposes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
Sociopolitical and Cultural Correlates of Internalized Homonegativity in Gay and Bisexual Men: Findings from a Global Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-10-2016
Flashblood: blood sharing among female injecting drug users in Tanzania
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2010
Education and AIDS risks: a review
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1093/HER/4.3.273
Actual and anticipated societal reaction to homosexuality and adjustment in two societies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1985
Predictors of dropout and burnout in AIDS volunteers: A longitudinal study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1999
Douching practices among female sex workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-05-2014
Abstract: Summary Several studies indicate that douching has few benefits but numerous adverse health outcomes, including increased risk for sexually transmitted infections and HIV. No published study explores douching practices among Cambodian female sex workers. This report provides preliminary data about the prevalence and frequency of douching among female sex workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Survey data were obtained from 81 female sex workers who were taken into custody due to engagement in commercial sex from March to June 2011. Results showed that 91% of participants douched. The mean numbers of times douched before sex and after sex per 10 sex episodes were 4.43 (SD = 3.87) and 4.63 (SD = 3.94), respectively. Half of the participants thought that douching could help to prevent sexually transmitted infections including HIV 24% were unsure about this. Usually, douching after sex was associated with ever obtaining an HIV test ( p = .012) and was marginally associated (although not statistically significant) with a higher average number of clients per week ( p =. 063) and consistent condom use with clients ( p = .053). This suggests that these practices may be related to in idual perceptions of sexually transmitted infections/HIV risk or susceptibility. Given the commonness of douching and related misperceptions among Cambodian female sex workers, future studies and interventions are needed to prevent adverse health problems.
Agoraphobia in women: factor analysis of symptoms and personality correlates of factor scores in a clinical population
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Tailoring a sexual health curriculum to the sexual health challenges seen by midwifery, nursing and medical providers and students in Tanzania
Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 31-05-2022
Theories of gender transpositions: A critique and suggestions for further research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1989
Association of quality of life with major depressive disorder among people with HIV in South India
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-05-2012
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.689809
Abstract: Depression in people with HIV has wide-spread implications related to faster progression to AIDS, poor drug compliance, and lower quality of life (QOL). Although there have been studies that have examined the role of sociodemographic variables in people with HIV, there have only been a few on the assessment of QOL and its association with depression among people with HIV in South India. The objectives of this study were to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) and examine the association of depression with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among people with HIV in coastal South India. Structured questionnaires detailing sociodemographic and HIV related variables were filled out by 103 patients with HIV attending a tertiary care center. Interviews were carried out by a psychiatrist to diagnose ICD-10 MDD and a clinical psychologist to rate the severity of depression using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Subjective HRQOL was assessed using HIV/AIDS targeted quality of life questionnaire in these patients. Fifty patients were diagnosed with MDD. Among them, 23 (46%) were mildly depressed, 19 (38%) were moderately depressed, 7 (14%) were severely depressed, and 1 (2%) was very severely depressed. Mean QOL scores for all dimensions except sexual function were significantly and inversely correlated (p<0.05) with HAMD implying that patients with greater severity of depressive symptoms had poorer HRQOL. In iduals with ICD-10 diagnosis of MDD presented significantly lower scores of QOL compared to in iduals without MDD. The implication is that early diagnosis and referral of depressed patients needs to be incorporated into intervention programs to improve patient outcomes and QOL. More research is needed to investigate the impact of antidepressant therapy on QOL using this study as a comparison group in a similar population.
The ethics of animal experimentation; control in practice
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1978
Measurement of prison social climate
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2008
Abstract: We review and describe prison climate measurement studies. We compared the factor patterns and stability from three domains of the Prison Social Climate survey (PSC) (Environmental quality of life Personal well-being and Safety and security). Stability was compared using randomly split halves of inmate responses from 10 selected US federal prison s les ( n = 950): there were no significant differences. Factor patterns on the same instrument were compared between the US s le and an English purposive s le ( n = 186) of inmates. There were no significant differences between US and English factor patterns, although at a slightly lower level of factor constraint. Factors as factor-scored according to the US factor pattern showed significant differences between the USA and England on the Environmental quality of life scales and the Personal well-being scales, and significant differences on only two of six of the Safety and security dimensions. Data suggest that the PSC is stable within the US s le, and is also stable in its factor pattern between the US and English s les. Prison climate, as measured by the three domains of the PSC selected, appears a stable measure across similar western penal systems and inmate cultures.
Structure and measurement of dimensions of risk for HIV transmission in injecting drug users
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1992
DOI: 10.1080/09595239200185751
Abstract: Dimensions of HIV infection risks were investigated in 1,245 injecting drug users (IDUs) in Sydney, Australia. Factor analysis of the degree of risk of the 33 items of risk behaviours revealed ten dimensions, which covered the domains of oral sex, withdrawal before ejaculation, protected intercourse, unprotected vaginal intercourse, saliva, blood products, manual sex, needles and syringes, unprotected anal sex, and social transmission. The perceived riskiness of particular activities closely approximated the objectively assessed risk of particular practices. Women assessed the risks of classes of activities (with the exception of oral sex) as being higher than did men. IDUs appear to have readily interpretable and consistent perceptions of HIV transmission risks, and these dimensions have utility for measuring perception and knowledge of HIV transmission risks.
Health-seeking behaviour for sexually transmitted infections and HIV testing among female sex workers in Vietnam
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09540120601163078
Abstract: This qualitative study was conducted to explore health-seeking behaviour for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV testing among female sex workers (FSWs) in the cities of Hanoi and Da Nang, Vietnam. Data were gathered from in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observation. Results suggest that women's decision to seek STI treatment and HIV testing is influenced by the complex interplay of personal risk perceptions, social relationships and community discourse. The women exhibited adequate knowledge of HIV while their knowledge of STIs was limited. They demonstrated high-risk perceptions of HIV, but they showed little concern for STIs. Most women sought treatment at pharmacies when they noticed symptoms of the genital tract. Their decision to seek care in health facilities and HIV testing was h ered by the high costs of treatment, judgmental attitudes of service providers, and a lack of information on testing services. Future interventions need to focus on strengthening knowledge of STIs and the STI-HIV association, and increasing awareness of HIV counselling and testing services. Training for STI service providers including pharmacies and private practitioners on sex-worker friendly and non-judgmental services and counselling skills should be emphasized to provide timely diagnosis and treatment of STIs, and to refer women to HIV testing.
An adjustment to HIV scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1994
An assessment of brief group interventions to increase condom use by heterosexual crack smokers living with HIV infection
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-07-2011
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2011.597707
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of brief group interventions, the positive choices intervention (PCI) and a standard intervention (SI), to increase condom use and intention to use condoms and to change condom use attitudes and beliefs. The design of the study was a randomized comparative trial. Participants were 347 heterosexual African American crack cocaine users living with HIV infection. Data were collected at intake and at three and nine months after intake. Behavioral and sociocognitive data were collected. Although both brief interventions achieved positive results, there were significant differences in outcomes between the interventions groups. The mean number of sex partners was significantly lower in the PCI group at three months. The proportion of those assigned to the PCI reporting sex with a paid partner significantly decreased, while the proportion disclosing their serostatus to their partners increased. There were no significant differences on these measures in the SI group. Significant time effects were found on measures of condom use, condom use attitudes, and self-efficacy beliefs. These measures significantly increased from intake to one month for both groups. One significant time-by-group effect was found. The measure of situational self-efficacy significantly increased in the PCI group, but not the SI group. Results also showed significant time-by-time effects. Mean condom use, intention to use condoms, attitudes, and condom use self-efficacy beliefs showed significant difference between three and nine months. However, there was no clear pattern of change. Findings suggest that brief group interventions designed to reduce HIV can help heterosexual drug users living with HIV infection increase condom use and intention to use condoms and change condom use attitudes and beliefs. A significant time-by-group effect was observed only for situational self-efficacy, suggesting limited additional efficacy of the PCI intervention. Given similar positive findings between groups, more research is needed to determine which components of brief interventions produce changes in motivations and risk behaviors.
A phase II clinical study to assess the feasibility of self and partner anal examinations to detect anal canal abnormalities including anal cancer
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 23-08-2017
DOI: 10.1136/SEXTRANS-2017-053283
Abstract: Anal cancer is a common cancer among men who have sex with men (MSM) however, there is no standard screening protocol for anal cancer. We conducted a phase II clinical trial to assess the feasibility of teaching MSM to recognise palpable masses in the anal canal which is a common sign of anal cancer in men. A clinician skilled in performing digital anorectal examinations (DARE) used a pelvic manikin to train 200 MSM, aged 27–78 years, how to do a self-anal examination (SAE) for singles or a partner anal examination (PAE) for couples. The clinician then performed a DARE without immediately disclosing results, after which the man or couple performed an SAE or PAE, respectively. Percentage agreement with the clinician DARE in addition to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the SAE, PAE and overall. Men had a median age of 52 years, 42.5% were African American and 60.5% were HIV positive. DARE detected abnormalities in 12 men while the men’s SAE/PAEs detected 9 of these. A total of 93.0% of men classified the health of their anal canal correctly (95% CI 89.5 to 96.5). Overall percentage agreement, sensitivity and specificity were 93.0%, 75.0% and 94.2%, respectively, while PPV and NPV were 45.0% and 98.3%, respectively. The six men who detected the abnormality had nodules/masses ≥3 mm in size. More than half of men (60.5%) reported never checking their anus for an abnormality however, after performing an SAE/PAE, 93.0% said they would repeat it in the future. These results suggest that tumours of ≥3 mm may be detectable by self or partner palpation among MSM and encourage further investigation given literature suggesting a high cure rate for anal cancer tumours ≤10 mm.
Responsibility as a dimension of HIV prevention normative beliefs: measurement in three drug-using samples
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09540120600813780
Abstract: The concept of responsibility was derived originally from principles of morality, as part of a network of rights, duties and obligations. HIV risk-related studies have suggested that a sense of responsibility for condom use to protect a partner is a potentially important predictor of condom use in drug-using populations. We created a four-item scale measuring Self responsibility to use condoms and Partner's responsibility to use condoms. Data were collected from three drug-using s les: crack smokers, HIV seropositive crack smokers in an intervention study in Houston, Texas, and Tanzanian heroin users in Dar es Salaam. Data indicated that the four responsibility items had high alpha coefficients in each s le, and that there were moderate to high intercorrelations between equivalent self and partner responsibility items. There were significant differences in scale scores between the crack smokers and the HIV positive crack smokers and the Tanzanian s les, but no significant differences between the HIV positive and Tanzanian s les. Comparing within the first crack-smoker s le those who were HIV positive and negative showed significant differences in the direction of higher beliefs in responsibility to use condoms in the HIV positive group. These data suggest that responsibility is measurable, holds similar psychometric properties across three s les differing in culture and HIV serostatus, and that condom use responsibility is conceptualized as a measure of general responsibility rather than as a reciprocal self artner responsibility.
The influence of disclosure of HIV diagnosis on time to disease progression in a cohort of Romanian children and teens
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09540120701367124
Abstract: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that in 2004, there were 39.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide (UNAIDS/WHO Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, 2004). Children less than 15 years of age comprise 2.2 million of these in iduals. As more children globally gain access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), more children are growing to the age when disclosure of their HIV status is inevitable. This information may affect a child's disease trajectory, and in the context of HAART, may have wide-ranging impact in the management of paediatric HIV infection. This study is an investigation of the effect of disclosure of a child's own HIV infection status on death and CD4 decline in a cohort of 325 HIV-infected Romanian children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A retrospective database analysis was conducted. Data from a nearly three-year period were examined. Children who were aware of their HIV diagnosis were compared with those who were not aware. We found significant associations between not knowing the HIV diagnosis and death, and not knowing the HIV diagnosis and disease progression defined as either death or CD4 decline. Our results imply that in the context of HAART, knowledge of one's own HIV infection status is associated with delayed HIV disease progression.
Clinical Care of Victims of Interpersonal Violence and Rape in Tanzania: A Qualitative Investigation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S301804
Social and Behavioral Determinants of Consistent Condom Use Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Ghana
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 04-2007
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.2007.19.2.160
Abstract: This study investigated the social and behavioral predictors of consistent condom use among female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) in Ghana. Four hundred fifty street commercial sex workers were interviewed in Accra, Kumasi and Techiman. The level of condom education was very low (14%) however consistent condom use (all the time) with clients was relatively high (49.6%). Two hundred seventy-seven of the participants did not use condoms all the time.
Sexual (Dis)satisfaction and Its Contributors Among People Living with HIV Infection in Sweden
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2018
The Effects of Prostate Cancer Treatment on Role-In-Sex in Gay and Bisexual Men: Mixed Methods Results from the Restore-1 and Restore-2 Studies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2128027
Abstract: Gay and bisexual men (GBM) with prostate cancer experience worse sexual and mental health outcomes following prostate cancer treatment than heterosexual men. Emerging evidence suggests that GBM may change their role-in-sex in response to treatment effects. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of prostate cancer treatment on role-in-sex, to estimate the prevalence of such changes, and to determine the impact on quality of life and mental health. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 sexual minority prostate cancer patients. Then, we recruited 401 gay and bisexual prostate cancer patients into a study assessing the effects of rehabilitation. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. Differences in quality of life and mental health outcomes were analyzed using multivariate analyses of variance. Prostate cancer treatment resulted in loss of role-in-sex for many patients. When changes in role-in-sex occurred, the shifts were predominantly from tops to bottoms. Those with a current top role-in-sex had significantly better sexual and mental health outcomes than either versatiles or bottoms. Clinical implications include the need for providers to ask about role-in-sex in order to address disparities in health outcomes by sexual orientation and to provide culturally appropriate care to sexual minority patients.
Primary source of income is associated with differences in HIV risk behaviors in street-recruited samples
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2004
Dimensions of child‐rearing practices: Factor structure of the EMBU
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1983
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0447.1983.TB00955.X
Abstract: Measurement of the dimensions of parental-rearing practices was undertaken using an English form of the EMBU inventory, which was administered to 282 non-clinical subjects. Results indicated that eight of the 14 subscales of the EMBU could be identified on oblique factor analysis, and that six other dimensions were specific to Mother or Father. Results suggest that method of factor extraction plays an important part in number of dimensions of child-rearing practices identified, and that it may be appropriate to assume that dimensions of parental rearing are correlated rather than independent.
A New Computer Application for Innovation and Evaluation in Counseling
Publisher: Redwhite Press
Date: 28-04-2021
DOI: 10.32698/01241
Abstract: To measure the effect of counselling, outcome measures are obtained after completion of a counseling session because measuring outcomes and changes that occur during and within the counseling session itself is problematic. This problem was addressed by a new method demonstrated with medical students.1 Rarely has a counseling session been documented by clients.2 Using the UfaceME® method, Clients or people acting as clients responded to a series of statements which were repeated every four minutes as they watched video-audio replay of their session. They then observed by viewing and rating a comparison of their responses with those of their counselor. This study shows the benefits of the UfaceME method as an application to measure change that occurs within a counseling session. Significant positive changes were demonstrated in clients’ perception and feelings towards the end of the session compared to the beginning. Implications and results to date include further counseling engagement, healthy behavioral and relational change, improved mental health, and improved self-awareness.
Déjà vu? A Comparison of Syphilis Outbreaks in Houston, Texas
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2016
Distinguishing trans women in men who have sex with men populations and their health access in East Africa: A Tanzanian study
Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 11-08-2022
Abstract: Background: Few data are available on the presence and characteristics of transgender populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which makes the provision of health services for key populations difficult.Aim: This study aimed to ascertain the presence and characteristics of trans women in seven cities in Tanzania, East Africa.Setting: Tanzania, East Africa.Methods: Outreach to men who have sex with men (MSM) in seven large cities in Tanzania was carried out by non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff familiar with this community. Survey questions administered via interviews were used to identify participants who self-identify as trans. From the self-identification data, an estimate of the relative size of the trans women population in this s le was calculated.Results: In the s le of 300 participants, 17.0% of participants were identified as ‘transsexual or transgender’ (survey wording) 70.1% of these trans participants indicated that they identify themselves as a woman. Of those identifying themselves as transsexual or transgender, 43.1% reported living part- or full-time as a woman and eight (15.0%) reported hormone use. The highest percentage of hormone use (40.0%) was found in those living as a woman full-time. Notably, there was significant ignorance amongst the s le of the terms ‘transsexual and transgender’ or their explanation in Swahili, reported by interviewers.Conclusion: In this study, it is clear that trans women populations exist in Tanzania, with high levels of stigmatisation and threats to their lives. They should be included in health outreach and services to key populations. One in six self-identified as trans women, although the lack of knowledge of this concept in Swahili or English may have inaccurately represented numbers.
Clustered drug and sexual HIV risk among a sample of middle-aged injection drug users, Houston, Texas
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.733333
Abstract: Recent studies have reported a clustered pattern of high-risk drug using and sexual behaviors among younger injection drug users (IDUs), however, no studies have looked at this clustering pattern in relatively older IDUs. This analysis examines the interplay and overlap of drug and sexual HIV risk among a s le of middle-aged, long-term IDUs in Houston, Texas. Our study includes 452 eligible IDUs, recruited into the 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project. Four separate multiple logistic regression models were built to examine the odds of reporting a given risk behavior. We constructed the most parsimonious multiple logistic regression model using a manual backward stepwise process. Participants were mostly male, older (mean age: 49.5±6.63), and nonHispanic Black. Prevalence of receptive needle sharing as well as having multiple sex partners and having unprotected sex with a partner in exchange for money, drugs, or other things at last sex were high. Unsafe injecting practices were associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. IDUs, who used a needle after someone else had injected with it had higher odds of having more than three sex partners (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-3.12) in last year and who shared drug preparation equipment had higher odds of having unprotected sex with an exchange partner (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.66-9.09) at last sex. Additionally, homelessness was associated with unsafe injecting practices but not with high-risk sexual behaviors. Our results show that a majority of the s le IDUs are practicing sexual as well as drug-using HIV risk behaviors. The observed clustering pattern of drug and sexual risk behavior among this middle-aged population is alarming and deserve attention of HIV policy-makers and planners.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards HIV/STD Among Indian Adolescents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Predictors of Intoxicated Sex in Injecting Drug Users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-03-1994
Abstract: Transmission of HIV by sexual contact as well as through sharing of contaminated injection equipment is a source of viral spread from injecting drug users (IDUs). We report on an analysis of data from 1,245 IDUs interviewed in Sydney, Australia in which half of the respondents reported being intoxicated during sex for more than half of their sexual encounters. The most common drugs on which people were intoxicated during sex were heroin, cannabis and alcohol. Predictors of having sex when intoxicated were a lower likelihood of having been in treatment, higher number of sexual partners, sharing injection equipment with more people and more recently, being intoxicated when injecting, and not being a sex worker. The data indicate that having sex while intoxicated is common in these IDUs and that sex under the influence of drugs is part of a more general lifestyle of spending a greater time intoxicated. Targeting of those IDUs who spend a significant amount of time intoxicated and their recruitment into treatment may thus reduce both risky sexual behaviour and risky injecting behaviour.
Patterns of drug use and risk-taking among injecting amphetamine and opioid drug users in Sydney, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1993
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1993.TB02057.X
Abstract: Data are presented on the patterns of drug use and HIV risk-taking of daily hetamine and opioid injectors among 1245 injecting drug users who were interviewed in Sydney in 1989. About one-third of the s le had injected hetamines during a typical month of injecting, and 12% were using hetamines on a daily basis. Daily hetamine injectors were younger, less well educated, and less likely to have engaged in drug treatment, but they were no more likely than daily opioid users to have shared injection equipment or to have engaged in other behaviour likely to transmit HIV. Although there seemed to be no special cause for concern about HIV risk-taking among hetamine injectors, there was nonetheless a high prevalence of sharing injecting equipment, with over half of daily hetamine and heroin injectors having shared in the past several months. In addition, approximately a third of hetamine injectors were injecting on a daily basis, a pattern of use which increases the risk of developing a severe dependence syndrome, and of experiencing an hetamine-induced psychosis.
Attitudes toward Condoms and Condom Use: A Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 1992
Heroin Use Among Southern Arrestees: Regional Findings From the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2002
Emotional intimacy predicts condom use: findings in a group at high sexually transmitted disease risk
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2009
Abstract: Previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. The study was a gonorrhoea case-comparison study with the s les being drawn from public health clinics (cases) and select bars/nightclubs (places) of Houston, TX ( n = 215). Data were collected by questionnaires administered on a laptop computer. The majority of respondents were African-American (97.7%), women (69.3%) and had either high school or GED education (72.6%). Condom use with the last sexual partner was analysed along with intimacy with that partner assessed on a 3-point scale. Analysis showed that higher intimacy was related to greater condom use which was significant in men but not in women. In conclusion, these data were opposite to those of previous studies, which showed an inverse relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. We hypothesize that in a high-risk environment, people exert more effort in protecting those they feel closer to. These data suggest a need to further explore the complex relationship between emotional intimacy and condom use.
Locus of control in obesity: Predictors of success in a jaw‐wiring programme
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1983
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8341.1983.TB01531.X
Abstract: One hundred and thirty-three obese women were administered a modified version of the Reid-Ware Locus of Control questionnaire prior to jaw wiring. The factorial structure of the questionnaire was examined, and found to be primarily a unidimensional measure of internal and external locus of control, with two subscales. Total score had greatest predictive validity in terms of the four criteria of success of weight loss while wired, percentage weight loss of wiring weight, weight gain over six months, and compliance with the treatment régime. Twenty items of the scale predicted success on one or more of these criteria of success, and are presented as an abbreviated locus of control scale with a higher degree of validity than the original scale.
Electronic Media Access and Use for Sexuality and Sexual Health Education Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Four Cities in Tanzania
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2018
Using pharmacists and drugstore workers as sexual healthcare givers: a qualitative study of men who have sex with men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2017
Toward healthy prisons: the TECH model and its applications
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 21-09-2012
DOI: 10.1108/17449201211268255
Abstract: This paper aims to explore how the TECH Model (testing for and treating infectious diseases and vaccination environmental modification to prevent disease transmission chronic disease identification and treatment and health maintenance and education) can be used for assessing and achieving healthy prisons. This paper explores the concepts of “health in prison” and “healthy prisons” in the context of recent research and guidance. The paper then considers the TECH Model as an approach to achieving healthy prisons. Under each of the four TECH Model domains are tasks to achieve a healthy prison. For prisons with poor or no resources, each domain contains steps that will improve prison health and move towards a healthy prison for both prisoners and staff. Implementation can thus be “low‐TECH” or “high‐TECH” depending on the setting and the available resources and the model is specifically designed to provide options for resource‐poor as well as resource‐rich correctional settings. The TECH Model is a first step in characterizing the components of a healthy prison and the processes to achieve this. This Model could be implemented in all levels of prisons internationally.
Responses to AIDS-Related Bereavement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-07-1994
Discrimination against gay and bisexual patients in prostate cancer treatment: Results from the Restore-2 study.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 20-07-2023
DOI: 10.1037/SAH0000467
Health and Health Promotion in Prisons
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 12-11-2012
Determinants of unmet needs for healthcare and sexual health counselling among Ugandan university students with same-sex sexuality experience
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-03-2016
DOI: 10.3402/GHA.V9.30790
Abstract: Research from sub-Saharan Africa has shown that persons with same-sex sexuality experience are at elevated risk for ill health due to sexual risk taking, stigma, and discrimination. However, studies of healthcare seeking among young people in this region with same-sex sexuality experience are limited. To identify determinants of unmet healthcare and sexual health counselling needs, respectively, among Ugandan university students with experience of same-sex sexuality. In 2010, 1,954 Ugandan university students completed a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic factors, mental health, alcohol usage, sexual behaviours, and healthcare seeking. The study population consisted of those 570 who reported ever being in love with, sexually attracted to, sexually fantasised about, or sexually engaged with someone of the same sex. Findings showed that 56% and 30% reported unmet healthcare and sexual health counselling needs, respectively. Unmet healthcare needs were associated with poor mental health and exposure to sexual coercion (OR 3.9, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.7-5.7 OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.0, respectively). Unmet sexual health counselling needs were significantly associated with poor mental health (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 2.1-4.8), exposure to sexual coercion (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7-3.9), frequent heavy episodic drinking (OR 3.3, 95% CI: 1.9-5.8), and number of sexual partners (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.04-3.3). The associations between poor mental health, sexual coercion, and unmet healthcare needs (AOR 4.2, 95% CI: 2.1-8.5 AOR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-5.8) and unmet needs for sexual health counselling (AOR 3.3, 95% CI: 1.6-7.1 AOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.4) persisted after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, number of sexual partners, and frequent heavy episodic drinking. These findings indicate that exposure to sexual coercion and poor mental health may influence healthcare seeking behaviours of same-sex sexuality experienced students. Targeted interventions that integrate mental health and trauma response are critical to meet the health needs of this population.
The effect of a national campaign on attitudes toward AIDS
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1990
DOI: 10.1080/09540129008257749
Abstract: Following a national c aign in Australia which had shown no change in level of knowledge about AIDS (using random s les of the population over 16 years, before and 5 months after the c aign), we assessed the change of attitudes towards, and beliefs about AIDS in the same s les. Results indicated that there were changes in beliefs about how much is known about the transmission of HIV, and that people were less concerned about casual transmission. Those respondents reportedly influenced most by the c aign were those with greater fear of diseases and death. We conclude that media c aigns may have a significant effect on attitudes and beliefs toward AIDS even where there is no effect on level of knowledge, and that the attitudinal changes which may be promoted by such c aigns should also be considered as objectives in c aign design.
Occupational health and safety among commercial sex workers
Publisher: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.5271/SJWEH.3184
Abstract: The concept of occupational health and safety (OHS) for commercial sex workers has rarely been investigated, perhaps because of the often informal nature of the workplace, the associated stigma, and the frequently illegal nature of the activity. We reviewed the literature on health, occupational risks, and safety among commercial sex workers. Cultural and local variations and commonalities were identified. Dimensions of OHS that emerged included legal and policing risks, risks associated with particular business settings such as streets and brothels, violence from clients, mental health risks and protective factors, alcohol and drug use, repetitive strain injuries, sexually transmissible infections, risks associated with particular classes of clients, issues associated with male and transgender commercial sex workers, and issues of risk reduction that in many cases are associated with lack of agency or control, stigma, and legal barriers. We further discuss the impact and potential of OHS interventions for commercial sex workers. The OHS of commercial sex workers covers a range of domains, some potentially modifiable by OHS programs and workplace safety interventions targeted at this population. We argue that commercial sex work should be considered as an occupation overdue for interventions to reduce workplace risks and enhance worker safety.
Examining the direct costs and effectiveness of syphilis detection by selective screening and partner notification
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2001
Abstract: Selective screening and partner notification are two principal means of preventing and controlling syphilis in the United States, yet few studies have been undertaken to compare and evaluate the cost or effectiveness of detecting syphilis using either strategy. The objective of this paper is to assess from the perspective of a health department the cost-effectiveness of selective screening compared with the strategy of partner notification in the detection of early syphilis in Houston, Texas, in 1994 and 1995. The cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using the recurring direct costs associated with detecting syphilis by both strategies. The middle estimates for the total direct costs associated with selective screening and partner notification were $579,101 and $229,529, respectively, for the 1466 and the 567 cases of early syphilis detected. On a cost per case basis, selective screening was more cost-effective than partner notification in the detection of primary, secondary and maternal syphilis cases. However, when consideration was given to prophylactic treatment, partner notification was more cost-effective in the detection of all early stage disease. Our findings suggest that the relative benefit of partner notification over selective screening depends on prophylactic treatment and an increase in worker productivity.
Reliability of Interview Responses of Injecting Drug Users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-08-1995
Communication Strategies to Improve HIV Treatment Adherence
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2011.554168
Abstract: Although antiretroviral therapy has increased the survival of HIV-positive patients, traditional approaches to improving medication adherence have failed consistently. Acknowledging the role of communication in health behavior, we conducted a qualitative study to learn about patients' HIV treatment adherence experiences and to identify which communication strategies might influence adherence. Findings indicate that five constructs--cultural beliefs/language, stigma, cues to action, self-efficacy, and mood state--are potentially modifiable by improved communication. Results will be used to create a direct marketing c aign targeted to HIV-infected patients.
Lost to follow-up: failure to engage children in care in the first three months of diagnosis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-05-2016
Stages of Consistent Condom Use, Partner Intimacy, Condom Use Attitude, and Self-Efficacy in African-American Crack Cocaine Users
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-06-2008
The start of sexual health curriculum development and evaluation at Stellenbosch University
Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 08-03-2023
Abstract: Background: Stellenbosch University’s (SU) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), developed a sexual health course to be integrated throughout the revised medical curriculum.Aim: To use the Sexual Health Education for Professionals Scale (SHEPS) to gather baseline and future follow-up data to inform curriculum development and evaluation.Setting: The first-year medical students (N = 289) of the FMHS SU.Methods: The SHEPS was answered before the start of the sexual health course. The knowledge, communication and attitude sections were answered with a Likert-type scale. Students had to describe their perceived confidence in their knowledge and communication skills to care for patients within specific sexuality-related clinical scenarios. The attitude section measured the students’ level of agreement or disagreement on sexuality-related opinion statements.Results: The response rate was 97%. Most students were female, and 55% of the class were first taught about sexuality in the age group 13–18 years. The students had more confidence in their communication skills than knowledge before any tertiary training. The attitude section revealed a binomial distribution, ranging from acceptance to a more restrictive attitude towards sexual behaviour.Conclusion: It is the first time the SHEPS has been used in a South African context. The results provide novel information about the range of perceived sexual health knowledge, skills and attitudes of first-year medical students before they start tertiary training.Contribution: Findings from this study will guide content development and evaluation of the sexual health course at the institution where the study was conducted, as well as allow for culture sensitive education.
Factors associated with self-reported anal cancer screening history in men who have sex with men
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/SH18039
Abstract: Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at greater risk of developing anal cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) than the rest of the general population. Currently, there are no formal national guidelines in the US advising men how and when to get anal cancer screening. We sought to assess differences in demographics, familiarity and anxiety about anal cancer among men who report having had anal cancer screening (i.e. anal cytology and/or a digital anorectal examination (DARE)). Methods: MSM were recruited to participate in a study to assess the feasibility of teaching self and partner anal examinations as a means of screening for anal cancer. Data for this secondary analysis were obtained using a written pre-test and a computer-assisted self-interview. Factors associated with screening were assessed with multivariable logistic regression to allow calculation of adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results: Of the 197 participants with data, 145 (73.6%) reported having had anal cancer screening (either anal cytology, DARE or both) during their lifetime. Men who were younger, Black and HIV-negative were associated with decreased odds of reporting any type of anal cancer screening. For ex le, compared with White men, Black men were 80% less likely to report screening (aOR 0.2 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1–0.5). Self-perception of anal cancer knowledge was not associated with screening in multivariable analysis (aOR 1.6 95% CI 0.6–3.9). Conclusions: Age, race and HIV status were independently associated with a history of anal cancer screening.
Determinants of Homosexuality-Related Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2014
Venue-mediated weak ties in multiplex HIV transmission risk networks among drug-using male sex workers and associates
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 06-2015
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the structural characteristics of a multiplex HIV transmission risk network of drug-using male sex workers and their associates. Methods. Using a s le of 387 drug-using male sex workers and their male and female associates in Houston, Texas, we estimated an exponential random graph model to examine the venue-mediated relationships between in iduals, the structural characteristics of relationships not linked to social venues, and homophily. We collected data in 2003 to 2004. The network comprised social, sexual, and drug-using relationships and affiliations with social venues. Results. In iduals affiliated with the same social venues, bars, or street intersections were more likely to have nonreciprocated (weak) ties with others. Sex workers were less likely than were other associates to have reciprocated (strong) ties to other sex workers with the same venues. In iduals tended to have reciprocated ties not linked to venues. Partner choice tended to be predicated on homophily. Conclusions. Social venues may provide a milieu for forming weak ties in HIV transmission risk networks centered on male sex workers, which may foster the efficient diffusion of prevention messages as erse information is obtained and information redundancy is avoided.
Perceived compliance with AZT dosing among a sample of African-American drug users
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2000
Abstract: The purpose of this report was to present findings from a pilot study conducted to explore the associations between sociodemographic, drug use, and health belief factors and perceived compliance with zidovudine (AZT) among African-American drug users. Data were collected in Washington, DC, USA from in iduals who were African-American were recent or current drug injectors or crack smokers were HIV-seropositive, and were receiving treatment for HIV infection. Participants were recruited through local organizations that provide services to HIV-infected persons. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire that solicited sociodemographic, lifetime and current drug use, current sexual behaviours, health status, HIV and drug treatment history, and health belief data. Analyses were limited to in iduals currently using an illicit substance and who had received AZT during their medical treatment. Parametric (Pearson's r) and non-parametric (Spearman's rho) statistics were used to assess correlations between perceived compliance with AZT dosing and independent variables. As the study was intended to be both descriptive and exploratory, the level of statistical significance was set at 0.10, rather than the customary 0.05. Antiretroviral medications recognized and recalled by participants are presented. The most commonly recalled medication was AZT. Slightly less than one-third of participants reported being completely compliant with an AZT regimen. Perceived compliance was found to be negatively associated with 5 variables: age, homelessness, number of injections in the previous 30 days, trading sex for drugs, and the perception that AIDS is no longer a serious disease since the development of new antiretroviral medications. Intensity of feelings of joy, fear, and the belief that taking more anti-HIV medications would result in better health were found to be positively correlated. Bivariate associations between perceived compliance and sociodemographic, drug use, sexual behaviour, and health belief variables suggest further avenues of study and potential points for intervention to increase compliance with antiretroviral medications among racial/ethnic minority drug users receiving treatment for HIV infection.
Sexual behaviour in aids‐related research: Reliability and validity of recall and diary measures
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1990
Use of Latent Class Analysis Approach to Describe Drug and Sexual HIV Risk Patterns among Injection Drug Users in Houston, Texas
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10461-014-0713-3
Abstract: Following latent class analysis (LCA) approach we examined patterns of HIV risk using two related domains of behavior: drug use, and sexual activity among 523 injection drug users (IDUs) recruited into the 2009 National HIV behavioral surveillance system. Using posterior probability of endorsing six drug and sexual items, we identified three distinct classes representing underlying HIV risk. Forty percent of our participants were at highest risk, 25 % at medium risk, and 35 % at lowest risk for HIV infection. Compared to the Lowest-risk class members, the Highest-risk class members had riskier drug and sexual behaviors and had higher prevalence of HIV cases (6 vs. 4 %). This analysis underscores the merit of LCA to empirically identify risk patterns using multiple indicators and our results show HIV risk varies among IDUs as their drug and sexual behaviors. Tailored and targeted prevention and treatment interventions for the dual risk pattern are required rather than for drug or sexual risk in silos.
The relationship between recognition, rewards and burnout in AIDS caring
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1996
The Internet and HIV/STD prevention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2004
Online Sex Shops: Purchasing Sexual Merchandise on the Internet
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2011
Cocaine Use and Syphilis Trends: Findings from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program and Syphilis Epidemiology in Houston
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2006
DOI: 10.1080/10550490601000462
Abstract: There has been speculation that trends in syphilis have been fueled by crack cocaine use. This study examined the data on syphilis notifications and arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM) to ascertain the relationships between syphilis and cocaine use trends in three racial/ethnic groups. Syphilis notifications and data from the ADAM project were compared in Houston/Harris County, Texas, from 1991-1998 using a linear regression equation. Data indicated significant relationships between the data for cocaine use and syphilis in African Americans but not Hispanics or non-Hispanic whites. For African Americans, 58% of the variance between cocaine use and syphilis was explained. When data limited to jail syphilis notifications and ADAM cocaine in African Americans were examined, the association was stronger for males than for females. For African Americans, cocaine (probably crack cocaine) use trends were significantly associated with syphilis trends in this population. These data suggest that control of crack cocaine may have an impact on syphilis rates and that there may be close relationships between some STDs and drug abuse.
Married Homosexual Men:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-12-1989
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Populations of Drug Abusers
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2000
DOI: 10.1086/318131
Abstract: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and risky behaviors among 407 drug abusers in treatment facilities in 1998. Infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis were detected by testing serum antibody levels chlamydia and gonorrhea were detected by testing nucleic acid levels in urine. Logistic regression analysis was performed to measure associations. Prevalences of antibodies were as follows: to HSV-2, 44.4% to HCV, 35.1% to HBV, 29.5% to HIV, 2.7%. The prevalence of syphilis was 3.4% of chlamydia, 3.7% and of gonorrhea, 1.7%. Of the 407 subjects, approximately 62% had markers for 1 of the STDs. HIV infection was associated with African American race, use of smokable freebase (crack) cocaine, and STD history. HBV infection was associated with age >30 years, injecting drugs, needle sharing, a history of treatment for drug abuse, and African American race. HCV infection was associated with an age >30 years, injecting drugs, and needle sharing, and HSV-2 infection with an age >30 years, female sex, and African American race. Syphilis was associated with a history of STDs. High prevalences of STDs among drug abusers indicate the need for integration of STD screening and treatment into drug treatment programs.
The Epidemiology of Early Syphilis in Houston, Texas, 1994–1995
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-199709000-00006
Abstract: Since 1990, rates of syphilis in the United States have steadily declined. However, the South still records disproportionately high rates of syphilis infection. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of early syphilis in Houston, TX, the largest urban center in the South, in 1994 and 1995. The study is cross-sectional and descriptive, and uses data collected by Disease Intervention Specialists on the Interview Form 73.54 from interviews with men and women diagnosed with early syphilis. Early syphilis in Houston is highly concentrated in a "belt" that extends north to south in a line just east of the city center. Although sex-specific rates of early syphilis are roughly equal, men are 3.5 times more likely than women to be diagnosed with primary syphilis, whereas women are nearly 2 times more likely than men to be diagnosed with secondary syphilis and 1.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with early latent syphilis. Routine surveillance data indicate that young, African-American men and women in Houston's inner-city neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by syphilis. Particular efforts must be made to reach women, who are detected and treated at later stages of the disease than men.
An investigation of condom use by frequency of sex
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2001
DOI: 10.1136/STI.77.6.433
Abstract: To examine the association between condom use and frequency of sex across sexual partner types. Data were collected from African American drug users residing in Washington, DC. Participants were asked to provide the first name of the last three partners with whom they had had vaginal sex, to define the type of relationship, the number of times they had had vaginal sex in the last 30 days with each partner, and whether they had used a condom during their last sexual encounter with each partner. Condom use was examined by frequency of sex in the past 30 days controlling for partner type. Frequency of sexual encounters varied by partner type. The largest number of sexual encounters was with casual partners, followed by commercial and primary partners, respectively. Within partner types, participants had sex most frequently with primary partners. Condom use was lowest within primary partner relationships. Regardless of partner type, condom use varied consistently depending on the frequency of sex with the same partner. Condom use is related to the frequency of sex between partners when partner type is controlled. The association between frequency of sex and condom use is independent of partner type, suggesting that partner type may become less influential in determining condom use as the frequency of sex increases. This finding suggests that contextual factors determining condom use go beyond partner type designations and include other relationship variables.
Stigma, Sex, and Society:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-08-1978
Three types of adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy and their association with AIDS diagnosis, medication side-effects, beliefs about antiretroviral therapy, and beliefs about HIV disease
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1258/095646207781024757
Abstract: One hundred and ninety-three adults with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy completed a questionnaire on demographics, health beliefs, medication side-effects, and adherence to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions. Three health beliefs indices were identified: antiretroviral therapy (ART) benefits, ART adherence self-efficacy, and beliefs about future HIV-related health concerns. Patients who experienced medication side-effects reported strong beliefs that HIV infection would cause them future health problems or distrust in the benefits of ART. AIDS diagnosis obtained through medical records or medication side-effects were not related to any of the three types of adherence. Beliefs about future HIV-related health concerns were associated with suboptimal dose adherence. Beliefs about ART benefits were associated with suboptimal schedule and dietary instructions adherence. Older age and partner were protective factors of schedule adherence. Data suggest that health beliefs may vary across type of adherence and that adherence behaviours may be a coping strategy to adjust antiretroviral therapy to one's daily living.
Pedagogy for Prisoners: An Approach to Peer Health Education for Inmates
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 2011
Abstract: There are public health benefits in prisoner health education, given that inmates are predominantly from an underclass that is overrepresented in all categories of disease and health disadvantage. The author reviews these health issues and proposes Freire's approach to education on prisoner-generated, problematic health topics within the context of their lives and cultures. Freirean stages proposed include identification and investigation of relevant health topics of concern to inmates, thematization, problematization of the issues, and development of critical health consciousness, followed by dramatization of problems and solutions within culturally appropriate contexts. Ex les are presented. Health rights and responsibilities are discussed in the context of correctional settings and the structural and organizational limits they present for staff and inmates. This approach to prisoner health education should result in increased health literacy and emancipation, which prisoners can later diffuse within their communities of origin.
The Complexity of Internet Sexuality
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1159/000328920
Abstract: Research has shown men and women of all ages and sexual orientations to use the Internet for sexual purposes. For ex le, the Internet is used to access pornography, to find sex-related information, to purchase sexual merchandise, and to find partners for romance and sex. The specific characteristics of the medium have made it attractive for engaging in sexual behaviors that are regulated by societal and cultural norms offline. Thus, the Internet has made it easier to explore and express one's sexuality at less risk of negative personal sanctions. In this regard, the technological innovation has meant a sexual revolution, particularly for disenfranchised groups. While generally being perceived as positive, concerns have been raised about potential risks associated with the Internet. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an empirical and theoretical overview of the first 15 years of research in the field of Internet sexuality.
Factors affecting information and education, and behaviour change
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1991
Prediction of grief and HIV/AIDS-related burnout in volunteers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1996
Discrimination of sexual and gender minority patients in prostate cancer treatment: Results from the Restore-1 study.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1037/SAH0000356
Epidemiologic and behavioral characterization of knowledge of condom use and modeling among military personnel.
Publisher: Test accounts
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.2307/25470648
A Gay Life Events Scale (GALES) for Homosexual Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-04-1989
The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory: Psychometric Properties
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-12-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-006-9127-2
Abstract: Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a putative clinical syndrome characterized by the experience of sexual urges, sexually arousing fantasies, and sexual behaviors that are recurrent, intense, and a distressful interference in one's daily life. Although the putative phenomenology of CSB has been described in the literature, the lack of a reliable, valid assessment tool has made investigation of prevalence, co-factors, and etiologic factors difficult. This study examined the further development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) using a s le of 1,026 Latino men who have sex with men recruited and assessed using web-based technology. The scale showed a two factor structure (control and violence). Further, the CSBI and its subscales showed indications of validity in that those engaging in CSB-type sexual behavior (being drunk or high, feeling lonely or depressed, and feeling driven) had scores indicative of greater CSB. Those with scores above the median had more sexual partners and engaged in more unprotected anal intercourse than those with CSBI scores below the median. Additionally, the instrument showed equivalence when administered in English and Spanish.
The TREND statement: social science, communication and HIV/AIDS
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2004
Drug users' self-reported false-positive HIV status.
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 09-1993
Reply to Fätkenheuer et al
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-07-2017
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIX594
Health Risks in Same-Sex Attracted Ugandan University Students: Evidence from Two Cross-Sectional Studies
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-03-2016
Body Image, Body Satisfaction, and Unsafe Anal Intercourse Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-01-2008
DOI: 10.1080/00224490701808142
Abstract: Using survey results from the 1998 Twin Cities Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Pride Festival (N = 535), we explored associations between body image and unsafe anal intercourse (UAI) among men who have sex with men (MSM), and evaluated whether body satisfaction mediated this association. MSM who reported underweight body image had lower odds than those who reported average weight of UAI (AOR = 0.33 95% CI = 0.13, 0.85) body satisfaction was not found to mediate this association. 13.3% of men who reported overweight/obese body image had engaged in UAI compared with 21.6% of those who reported average weight and 8.2% of those who reported underweight (p < .05). Compared with MSM in exclusive relationships, MSM in non exclusive relationships had increased odds of UAI (AOR = 5.78 95% CI = 2.96, 11.29) as did men who were not partnered (AOR = 3.20 95% CI = 1.72, 5.93). These findings highlight the importance of including body image in sexual behavior models of MSM to better understand body image's role in influencing sexual risk and sexually transmitted infections (STI)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.
Psychological Correlates of Trading Sex for Money Among African American Crack Cocaine Smokers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1080/00952990600919062
Abstract: This article compares demographic characteristics, sexual practices, and psychosocial status among 193 African American female crack cocaine users who currently, previously, or never traded sex for money. Current traders were less likely to have a main sexual partner, more likely to have a casual sexual partner, and more likely to smoke larger quantities of crack. There was a significant trend towards current traders reporting lower self-esteem, greater depression and anxiety, poorer decision-making confidence, more hostility, less social conformity, greater risk taking behaviors, and more problems growing up, compared to previous and never traders. These differences suggest that interventions should address self-esteem, risk-taking practices, depression and anxiety as well as other psychosocial factors.
Predictors of HIV Status Among Injecting Drug Users and Health Promotion
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1177/146642409411400206
Abstract: Two consecutive s les one year apart of injecting drug users ( n=754 and n=345) were collected in Sydney, Australia and analysed for predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence. Data indicated that similar variables were associated with HIV infection in both waves of the study. Risks for HIV infection included number of injections in last typical using month, acceptance of used injecting equipment from other injecting drug users (IDUs) who were known to be infected either before or after the sharing occurred, having sex with people known to be infected with HIV, and sexual orientation. It was not possible to determine whether sexual or equipment sharing with known HIV infected people preceded or followed HIV infection. These data confirm that predictors of HIV prevalence in Sydney are similar to those found in overseas studies and that sexual orientation appears to be the most powerful predictor. These data suggest both that sexual contact is an important route of infection in IDUs, and that sexual risks for HIV infection in IDUs need to be emphasised.
Pre-Treatment Syphilis Titers: Distribution and Evaluation of Their Use to Distinguish Early From Late Latent Syphilis and to Prioritize Contact Investigations
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2009
Impact of Migration and Acculturation on Turkish Men Who Have Sex with Men in Germany: Results from the 2010 European MSM Internet Survey
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-11-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-022-02468-4
Abstract: To examine the impact of migration and acculturation of Turkish men who have sex with men (MSM) to Germany, using data from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2010), on measures of acculturation including circumcision status, internalized homonegativity (IH), HIV/STI knowledge, sexual orientation, outness, HIV-testing, and sexual behaviors. We compared four groups of MSM: MSM born and residing in Germany who had completed the questionnaire in German (n = 38,915), MSM born and residing in Germany, with a father or mother born in Turkey (n = 97), MSM residing in Germany who were born in Turkey or whose parents were born in Turkey (n = 262), and MSM who were born and residing in Turkey and who completed the questionnaire in Turkish (n = 1,717). Data showed that there were significant dose-response curves between level of migration and several outcome variables. As exposure to Germany increased, MSM had lower IH, higher HIV/STI knowledge, increased outness, and were less likely to be circumcised. There were similar significant findings with regard to sexual HIV risk behavior (condomless anal intercourse with partners of unknown (or sero-discordant) HIV status). Data were consistent with acculturation over generations in immigrant groups in MSM migrating from Turkey to Germany. Integration includes both cultural aspects (circumcision) and integration into a more homopositive gay environment (IH, outness, increased HIV/STI knowledge), and sexual HIV risk behavior. Migration and associated acculturation may constitute a risk change for HIV/STI and mental health issues associated with IH and outness.
The Role of Trust in Delayed HIV Diagnosis in a Diverse, Urban Population
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-12-2011
Psychotherapy as a model for interpersonal dynamics in tertiary teaching
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1984
DOI: 10.1007/BF00137022
Utility of the Gd Scale for the Measurement of Gender-Dysphoria in Males
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1988
Abstract: Responses on the 31-item Gender Dysphoria ( Gd) scale of the MMPI of 104 primary gender-dysphoric males who had undergone or were about to undergo gender-reassignment surgery, 25 secondary gender-dysphoric patients from the same clinics, and 563 male psychiatric outpatients were tabulated and specificities and sensitivities calculated. The scale had satisfactory specificity, correctly identifying 98.1% of subjects. Sensitivity was unsatisfactory (40%) in distinguishing secondary gender-dysphorics in the Gender Clinic s les but adequate (88.4%) in the combined psychiatric outpatient and Gender Clinic s les. Factor analysis yielded 8 dimensions, but only 2 of these were easily interpretable or had sufficient items to ensure reliability, suggesting that there was little possibility of utilizing subscales. It is concluded that the Gd scale is an appropriate instrument for excluding primary gender dysphoria when used in conjunction with conventional diagnostic assessments.
HIV/AIDS treatment adherence in economically better off women in Colombia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-01-2012
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2011.647678
Abstract: Studies on HIV/AIDS treatment adherence have been carried out in a limited number of geographic settings, but few studies have explored it in people of higher socioeconomic status in Latin America. This qualitative study explored and compared determinants of adherence behaviors among 52 HIV-positive Colombian women in medium and high socioeconomic positions (SPs). Findings indicated that the two SP groups reported high adherence behaviors related to taking medication, following a diet, and executing lifestyle changes in line with healthcare providers' recommendations. Nevertheless, differences were observed between the two groups. While women with a medium SP disclosed their diagnosis, were empowered, and had acceptable access to economic resources that resulted in favorable adherence, their better off counterparts tended to hide their status and made a conscious effort to keep their adherence behaviors in secret due to HIV-related stigma. More studies on adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS from high SPs should be conducted to better understand how psychosocial support can be provided and to advance the knowledge of how and why adherence practices in these groups are undertaken.
Men who have sex with men in Great Britain: comparison of a self-selected internet sample with a national probability sample
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-11-2006
Neurosis and conscious symptom exaggeration: Its differentiation by the illness behaviour questionnaire
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(84)90025-4
Abstract: In an attempt to develop an instrument to differentiate conscious exaggerators of symptoms from normals and neurotics, the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) was administered to 164 members of a public utility, half of whom were instructed to fill it out as conscious exaggerators, and 82 in iduals who presented at a hospital pain clinic with pain considered to be neurotically determined. Four IBQ subscales differentiated the three groups, and a new 21-item scale (CE-scale) was developed which achieved wide separation between the conscious exaggerators, neurotics and normals. It is suggested that the CE-scale may have considerable utility in assessing conscious exaggerators and compensation neurotics, and that further studies should assess its predictive value.
Knowledge of AIDS in Australia: a national study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1093/HER/3.4.367
A History of Drug Use and Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Incarcerated Males in a County Jail
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1081/JA-200048457
Abstract: This study explored the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and drug use among incarcerated males. A retrospective, self-reported survey was administered over an 8-week period (September and October 2001) to a random s le of 100 men who were incarcerated in a county jail. The survey included questions about childhood sexual experiences before and after puberty, drug history and use, and sexual risk-taking behaviors. Overall, 59% of this s le of male inmates reported some form of childhood sexual abuse, and all such instances occurred before or at the age of 13. Statistically significant relationships were found between drug use and childhood sexual abuse, with those who experienced childhood sexual abuse reporting drug use at percentages as much as 30% higher than those denying histories of childhood sexual abuse.
AIDS AND GAY YOUTH: ATTITUDES AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS IN YOUNG MALE HOMOSEXUALS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1987.TB00131.X
Abstract: For effective postoperative antiemetic management in pediatric moyamoya disease patients receiving fentanyl based postoperative analgesia, a multimodal approach has been recommended. The uncertain efficacy of ondansetron for pediatric neurosurgical patients or the possible antiemetic effect of small dose of propofol motivated us to evaluate the preventive effect of a subhypnotic dose of propofol combined with dexamethasone on postoperative vomiting (POV), especially during immediate postoperative periods. In a prospective observer-blind randomized controlled study, we compared dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg alone (Group D) with dexamethasone combined with propofol of 0.5 mg/kg (Group DP) in 60 pediatric patients, aged 4-17 years, who underwent indirect bypass surgery and received fentanyl-based postoperative analgesia. Occurrence of vomiting and pain score (Wong-Baker facial score) and requirement of rescue analgesic and antiemetic were continually measured (0-2, 2-6, 6-12 and 12-24 postoperative hours). For statistical analysis, in addition to the Fisher's exact test, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and the linear mixed model (LMM) for repeated measures were used for vomiting and pain scores, respectively. There was no statistical significance of POV incidence, requirement of rescue analgesic and pain score between the two groups at any measured intervals. The incidence of POV was 53.3% during 24 hours in both groups, and was especially 6.7% and 13.3% (P = 0.671) during 0-2 hr and 16.7% and 23.3% (P = 0.748) during 2-6 hr in group D and group DP, respectively. A small dose of propofol combined with dexamethasone appears ineffective to preventing POV in pediatric moyamoya patients receiving continuous fentanyl infusion.
Cognitive and behavioural correlates of non-adherence to HIV anti-retroviral therapy: Theoretical and practical insight for clinical psychology and health psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2008
Male Homosexual Identities, Relationships, and Practices among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in Vietnam: Implications for HIV Prevention
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 06-2009
Gay Community Involvement: Its Interrelationships and Associations With Internet Use and HIV Risk Behaviors in Swedish Men Who Have Sex With Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2013.839916
Abstract: We measured aspects of "community involvement" chosen for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sweden (gay places, media accessed, Internet, gay festivals, and social engagement, measured as proportion of gay friends) in two Swedish Internet-based s les from 2006 (n = 3,202) and 2008 (n = 4,715). Data showed low to moderate reliability with a moderate (0.57) alpha coefficient. While there is moderate internal consistency, as might be anticipated from measures of actual community involvement, they can be treated as scales. The Internet scale indicated the lowest reliability, perhaps due to respondents having Internet sites of primary choice, rather than a high level of usage across several sites. A hypothesized lack of correlation between traditional domains of the gay community and the Internet did not appear: correlations between the Internet measure and the other measures were positive and significant, but among the lowest correlations obtained between the community measures, ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. Those who use the Internet extensively are less likely to be involved in other aspects of the community. Sexual risk was associated with high social engagement at sexual meeting sites and with Internet use. Gay community involvement, including the Internet community, may be complex and associated with both increase in HIV sexual risk behaviors (by measuring use of sexual risk sites) and preventive measures (HIV testing).
Predicting the outcome of behaviour therapy for agoraphobia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(83)90006-2
Abstract: Receptors for leukocyte chemoattractants, including chemokines, are traditionally considered to be responsible for the activation of special leukocyte functions such as chemotaxis, degranulation, and the release of superoxide anions. Recently, these G-protein-coupled serpentine receptors have been found to transduce signals leading to gene transcription and translation in leukocytes. Transcription factors, such as NF kappa B and AP-1, are activated upon stimulation of the cells with several chemoattractants at physiologically relevant concentrations. Activation of transcription factors through these receptors involves G-protein coupling and the activation of protein kinases. The underlying signaling pathways appear to be different from those utilized by TNF-alpha, a better characterized cytokine that induces the transcription of immediate-early genes. Chemoattractants stimulate the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which in turn may activate their respective receptors and initiate an autocrine regulatory mechanism for persistent cytokine and chemokine gene expression.
Looking for Sexual Compatibility: Experiences among Swedish Men in Visiting Internet Gay Chat Rooms
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2000
Ego-Dystonic Heterosexuality:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-05-1988
Abstract: Diabetes has become a serious health problem and a major risk factor associated with troublesome health complications, such as metabolism disorders and liver-kidney dysfunctions. The inadequacies associated with conventional medicines have led to a determined search for alternative natural therapeutic agents. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the hypoglycemic and antilipidemic effects of kombucha and black tea, two natural drinks commonly consumed around the world, in surviving diabetic rats. Alloxan diabetic rats were orally supplied with kombucha and black tea at a dose of 5 mL/kg body weight per day for 30 days, fasted overnight, and sacrificed on the 31st day of the experiment. Their bloods were collected and submitted to various biochemical measurements, including blood glucose, cholesterol, triglcerides, urea, creatinine, transaminases, transpeptidase, lipase, and amylase activities. Their pancreases were isolated and processed to measure lipase and α-amylase activities and to perform histological analysis. The findings revealed that, compared to black tea, kombucha tea was a better inhibitor of α-amylase and lipase activities in the plasma and pancreas and a better suppressor of increased blood glucose levels. Interestingly, kombucha was noted to induce a marked delay in the absorption of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol. Histological analyses also showed that it exerted an ameliorative action on the pancreases and efficiently protected the liver-kidney functions of diabetic rats, evidenced by significant decreases in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase activities in the plasma, as well as in the creatinine and urea contents. The findings revealed that kombucha tea administration induced attractive curative effects on diabetic rats, particularly in terms of liver-kidney functions. Kombucha tea can, therefore, be considered as a potential strong candidate for future application as a functional supplement for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
Internalized homonegativity/homophobia is associated with HIV-risk behaviours among Ugandan gay and bisexual men
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2013
Abstract: Summary We investigated the relationship of internalized homonegativity/homophobia (IH) to sexual risk behaviours among 216 Ugandan gay and bisexual men, using the 7-item IH scale previously developed on this population. IH was significantly associated with unprotected anal intercourse, and more so with unprotected receptive anal intercourse. Higher IH was also associated with more sex while intoxicated. There was a strong association between anal intercourse of any type and IH, suggesting a complex relationship between anal sex and identification with, or internalization of, homonegativity/homophobia. Specifically, it may be the anal component of sex rather than the sex with another man that is seen as labeling one as homosexual or stigmatizing. Those men who stated that they engaged in sex with other men for love, rather than for the physical feeling or for money, had higher IH scores. These data suggest that there may be an interactive relationship between IH and sexual behaviour, with greater internalization being associated with more stereotypically gay activities, which in turn may lead to more self-identification as gay and thus greater susceptibility to internalization.
Venue-Based Affiliation Networks and HIV Risk-Taking Behavior Among Male Sex Workers
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2013
Retrospective distortion in homosexual research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1980
DOI: 10.1007/BF01542156
Beliefs about cybersex and Internet-mediated sex of Latino men who have Internet sex with men: relationships with sexual practices in cybersex and in real life
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.1080/09540120412331292444
Abstract: Cybersex (engaging in sexual self-stimulation while online with another person) and meeting partners for sex are commonly reported among men who have Internet sex with men (MISM). We studied 1,026 Latino MISM in the US and constructed a scale to measure beliefs about cybersex. Respondents were recruited to an online Internet study and compensated for their effort. Factor analysis indicated that there were three dimensions: (1) liking cybersex: perceived anonymity and safety of cybersex (2) potential for greater IRL interaction in seeking partners on the Internet and (3) a dimension of negative beliefs about Internet contacts which was not psychometrically stable. Safety referred to physical and HIV-related safety. We formed two scales to describe the first two dimensions. Respondents who were high on the 'liking cybersex: perceived anonymity and safety' scale were more likely than low scorers to use chat-rooms and webcams. They were also more likely than low scorers to have had cybersex and phone sex before meeting. Those who were high on the 'IRL interaction' scale were more likely than low scorers to use e-mail, bulletin boards and paid websites. However, there was significantly less disclosure about HIV status and discussion about safer sex by those higher on the 'IRL interaction scale', and when sex in real life did occur, those higher on the 'IRL interaction' scale were more likely to have receptive oral or anal sex, whereas those high on the 'liking cybersex: perceived anonymity/safety' scale were less likely to have insertive sex or be drunk/high. MISM scoring high on the 'IRL interaction' scale were significantly more likely than low scorers to prefer to meet partners on the Internet. We discuss the implications of the Internet for MSM and for sexual IRL interactions in the Internet age.
Effects of adequacy of gender reassignment surgery on psychological adjustment: A follow-up of fourteen male-to-female patients
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF01543120
Abstract: To reduce the increasing amount of time spent on literature search in the life sciences, several methods for automated knowledge extraction have been developed. Co-occurrence based approaches can deal with large text corpora like MEDLINE in an acceptable time but are not able to extract any specific type of semantic relation. Semantic relation extraction methods based on syntax trees, on the other hand, are computationally expensive and the interpretation of the generated trees is difficult. Several natural language processing (NLP) approaches for the biomedical domain exist focusing specifically on the detection of a limited set of relation types. For systems biology, generic approaches for the detection of a multitude of relation types which in addition are able to process large text corpora are needed but the number of systems meeting both requirements is very limited. We introduce the use of SENNA ("Semantic Extraction using a Neural Network Architecture"), a fast and accurate neural network based Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) program, for the large scale extraction of semantic relations from the biomedical literature. A comparison of processing times of SENNA and other SRL systems or syntactical parsers used in the biomedical domain revealed that SENNA is the fastest Proposition Bank (PropBank) conforming SRL program currently available. 89 million biomedical sentences were tagged with SENNA on a 100 node cluster within three days. The accuracy of the presented relation extraction approach was evaluated on two test sets of annotated sentences resulting in precision/recall values of 0.71/0.43. We show that the accuracy as well as processing speed of the proposed semantic relation extraction approach is sufficient for its large scale application on biomedical text. The proposed approach is highly generalizable regarding the supported relation types and appears to be especially suited for general-purpose, broad-scale text mining systems. The presented approach bridges the gap between fast, co-occurrence-based approaches lacking semantic relations and highly specialized and computationally demanding NLP approaches.
The Relationship of Internalized Homonegativity to Sexual Health and Well-Being Among Men in 38 European Countries Who Have Sex With Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-04-2015
Sexual and Gender Minority Invisibility in Cancer Studies: A Call for Effective Recruitment Methods to Address Cancer Disparities
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 19-09-2023
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.23.00655
Clinical profiles of Hare Krishna devotees
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Date: 04-1983
Abstract: The author tested the entire population (N = 42) of the Hare Krishna Temple in Melbourne on the MMPI, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire psychometric indices and then randomly selected 6 subjects to take the Present State Examination. All scores and findings were within the normal range, although members showed a slight decline in mental health (as measured on the MMPI) after 1 1/2 years in the movement and a slight increase in mental health after 3 years in the movement. These findings do not support the popular view that many members of the Hare Krishna movement are mentally disordered.
Club Drugs and Sex on Drugs Are Associated with Different Motivations for Gay Circuit Party Attendance in Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1081/JA-120017657
Abstract: Data were collected from 1169 gay circuit party patrons in three North American circuit parties in three geographical locations in 1999. Questionnaires obtained reasons for attending circuit parties and drugs used at circuit parties. Factor analyses of the 10 major reasons for attending parties indicated that there were two significant moderately correlated dimensions: a social and celebratory one to be with friends and dance, and a sensation-seeking one, to have sex and drugs. Drug and sex on drugs predictors of the social dimension accounted for only 3.8% of its variance and included alcohol, ecstasy (methylenedioxymeth hetamine), GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), and having sex while on alcohol as significant predictors. Drug predictors for the sensation-seeking dimension accounted for four times the variance of the first dimension and included poppers, alcohol, ecstasy, Special K, and GHB, and having sex while on meth hetamines and on GHB. Unsafe sex was significantly associated with the sensation-seeking dimension but not the social dimension. While 63% checked > or = 3 of the social reasons for attendance, only 13% checked > or = 3 of the sensation-seeking reasons for attendance. Age was significantly inversely associated with the social dimension. These data suggest that while drug use is significantly associated with both the sensation-seeking and social dimensions of circuit party attendance, a greater number of drugs, sexual activity while on drugs, and unsafe sex are more closely associated with the sensation-seeking dimension of attendance.
Measuring the Effect of Sexual Health Education Training in Professionals: Structure of the Sexual Health Education for Professionals Scale (SHEPS) Among Marriage and Family Therapy Graduate Students
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JMFT.12418
Abstract: Marriage and family therapists and sexual health therapists are likely to receive training in graduate school that prepares them to encounter sexual concerns among clients, but there are few standard ways to assess the efficacy of this training. The Sexual Health Education for Professionals Scale (SHEPS) was developed to address this deficit. In this preliminary study, 163 marriage and family therapy graduate students completed the SHEPS prior to starting a graduate course in assessing and treating sexual concerns. Exploratory factor analyses indicate that the SHEPS subscales have good psychometric properties. The Skills and Knowledge subscales have factors labeled Typical Clients, Special Clients, Conservative Clients, and Ethically Complicated Clients. The Attitudes subscale had factors called General Sexual Attitudes, Valuing Sexual Health Training, Open to Providing Sexual Help, and Conservatism. This new instrument may be used to assess education and training of sexual health and marriage and family therapists. Larger s le sizes and longitudinal studies are needed in future.
Homosexuality and Mental Health:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-05-1988
Abstract: The proper development of multicellular organisms requires precise regulation and coordination of cell fate specification, cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal regulation and coordination of these processes could lead to disease, including cancer. We have examined the function of the sole C. elegans SoxC protein, SEM-2, in the M lineage, which produces the postembryonic mesoderm. We found that SEM-2/SoxC is both necessary and sufficient to promote a proliferating blast cell fate, the sex myoblast fate, over a differentiated striated bodywall muscle fate. A number of factors control the specific expression of sem-2 in the sex myoblast precursors and their descendants. This includes direct control of sem-2 expression by a Hox-PBC complex. The crucial nature of the HOX/PBC factors in directly enhancing expression of this proliferative factor in the C. elegans M lineage suggests a possible more general link between Hox-PBC factors and SoxC proteins in regulating cell proliferation.
Sale of Sex for Drugs and Drugs for Sex: An Economic Context of Sexual Risk Behavior for STDs
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-199909000-00005
Abstract: Persons who participate in behaviors such as drug use and buying or selling sex are at elevated risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To describe the economic structure supporting drug use and the buying and selling of sex services in two urban Houston communities. Residents of two Houston communities participated in street-intercept interviews to obtain information on sex and drug use behaviors. Many members of the population reported having bought or sold sex. A history of crack use significantly predicted the trading of sex for money and drugs, and sellers of sex were more likely to have engaged in recent high-risk sexual behavior than those who had never sold sex. The data are suggestive of an underground economy for the exchange of sex for drugs or money, the existence of which facilitates the spread of STDs in high-risk communities.
Demographic and Sexual Behavior Comparisons of Indian and U.S. Internet Samples of Men who have Sex with Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2011
Cross‐national study of perceived parental rearing behaviour in healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden: pattern and level comparisons
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1985
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0447.1985.TB02607.X
Abstract: S les of healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden completed the EMBU, a Swedish questionnaire aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. For the purpose of comparison three factors - "emotional warmth", "rejection" and "overprotection" - obtained in a previous factor analytic study, have been used. The most pronounced differences occurred between the Dutch and the Swedish s le on the one hand, and the Italian and Australian s le on the other, with the Danish s le in between. Differences in perceived parental rearing should be considered when comparing personality characteristics and/or psychopathological conditions in subjects from different countries.
Quality of Life Change and Individual Differences in Stimulus Screening in Relation to Incidence of Illness
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1977
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.1977.41.1.267
Abstract: A considerable amount of evidence indicates that a high rate of life changes—a source of continued and unavoidable arousal—is detrimental to health and psychological well-being. The present study hypothesized that sustained high-arousal states are unpreferred and that the persistence of unpreferred emotional states is harmful. Using a conceptual framework for a comprehensive description of emotional states and the differential preferences for these, it is possible to make more precise predictions on the illness consequences of emotionally unpreferred life changes. Particular hypotheses which received support were that more arousing life changes are more conducive to illness that among the more arousing life changes, unpleasant changes are associated with more illness than pleasant ones that unpleasant life changes are more detrimental to health when combined with dominance-inducing life changes and that arousing life changes are particularly harmful to more arousable (non-screening) in iduals.
Effectiveness of a training program to increase the capacity of health care providers to provide HIV/AIDS care and treatment in Swaziland
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-10-2009
Condom use and HIV-related behaviors in urban Tanzanian men who have sex with men: A study of beliefs, HIV knowledge sources, partner interactions and risk behaviors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-07-2012
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.699671
Abstract: Although studies have been conducted in neighboring countries, there are no published data on men who have sex with men (MSM) in mainland Tanzania. We report on a respondent-driven s ling study of 271 MSM in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The s le covered a wide range of educational attainment and employment, median age was 24, and all respondents had heard of HIV/AIDS, mostly through public media. Those satisfied with media information on HIV were younger, had lower education, and had obtained their information from health facilities. Over two-thirds believed that having one faithful partner and using condoms would protect against HIV: nevertheless, more than two-thirds were worried about HIV infection. Two-thirds had had a relationship with a woman, one-third in the past year. Predictors of non-use of condoms for anal sex with last casual partner were younger age, not being worried about HIV infection, and agreeing to have sex even if a condom was refused. There was no significance in proportion using a condom with last casual (43%) and last regular (49%) partner. Most partners (MSM knew a median of 10 other MSM) were met in bars, music halls, and in the home/local environment, and 70% of MSM described their sexual position as "bottom." Sixty percent reported having an HIV test and the great majority was comfortable discussing condoms with partners and friends: half would refuse to have sex if condoms were not agreed to. These data suggest a significant "gay" community in Dar es Salaam with relatively accurate HIV information but moderate condom use, HIV testing and ability to refuse unsafe sex. There is clearly scope for targeted HIV prevention programs in the MSM community in Tanzania.
Stigma Consciousness Concerns Related to Drug Use and Sexuality in a Sample of Street-Based Male Sex Workers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-07-2007
Internalized Homonegativity: A Systematic Mapping Review of Empirical Research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-10-2015
Bridging Science and Practice in LGBT Health
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
The impact of HIV-related interventions on HIV risk behavior in a community sample of African American crack cocaine users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09540120600983989
Abstract: While there are reports of the impact of specific interventions designed to reduce HIV drug and sexual risk behaviors, there are few reports of the impact of HIV interventions in a community-based s le. We report on baseline data from a s le of African American crack smokers who were about to participate in an intervention designed to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors. The majority were male (80%), single (70%) and homeless (52%). Data indicated that 29% of the s le had been in a previous HIV intervention in the past 12 months, the majority in a correctional setting or CBO program. There were few systematic demographic differences between the two groups. Those who had been in an intervention reported using male and female condoms significantly more frequently on all measures of condom use, had positive condom use outcome expectations for male condoms and higher affective and situational condom-related self-efficacy beliefs. These data suggest that, at a community level, the spectrum of HIV risk-reduction programs does produce a significant improvement in condom use and related cognitions, although there is a need to cover a greater proportion of the population. Previous exposure to interventions must be a critical covariate in assessing the impact of future interventions.
Cross-national generalizability of patterns of parental rearing behaviour: Invariance of EMBU dimensional representations of healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Hungary, Italy and The Netherland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
Societal pressure, the homosexual and the role of psychiatry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1978
The FIRO model of family therapy: Implications of factor analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1989
DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<974::AID-JCLP2270450623>3.0.CO;2-U
Abstract: Schutz's FIRO model contains three main elements: inclusion, control, and affection. It is used widely in mental health research and practice, but has received little empirical validation. The present study is based on factor analysis of the resources to FIRO questionnaire of 120 normal couples and 191 couples who were attending a clinic for marital sychiatric problems. Results confirmed the validity of the FIRO model for women only. The differences between the sexes reflected a considerable degree of sex-role stereotyping, the clinical implications of which are discussed.
Sexual dysfunction in advanced HIV disease
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1994
Fear of aids: Are there replicable, invariant questionnaire dimensions?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Typing, doing, and being: Sexuality and the internet
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1080/00224490509552290
Abstract: The increasing salience of sexuality on the internet, whether cybersex or use of the internet to make sexual contacts, has focused interest on how internet-mediated sexuality informs social theory. This article reviews social theory and sexuality in relation to the internet, with specific reference to the development of intimacy, the association of texts with sexual scripts, the emergence of cybersexuality as a sexual space midway between fantasy and action, and the question of boundaries and the location of the person in sexual interaction. Also, the supplanting of the real by the symbolic, the internet as a sexual marketplace, its important role in creating sexual communities, particularly where sexual behavior or identity is stigmatized, its impact as a new arena for sexual experience and experimentation, and its impact in shaping sexual culture and sexuality are noted. Finally, the importance of the internet as a medium for the exploration of human sexuality and as an opportunity to illuminate previously challenging areas of sexual research is discussed.
HIV Risk and the Internet: Results of the Men’s INTernet Sex (MINTS) Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2008
Dating preferences among self-identified gay men of Asian descent in the United States.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1037/A0035539
Reasons for entry into and understanding of HIV/AIDS clinical trials: A preliminary study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1080/09540129408258027
Abstract: Thirty-two men who participated in a trial of Zidovudine (> 500 CD4 cells/10(6) L) were surveyed regarding their reasons for participation in clinical trials. The major source of influence to enter the trial was the clinic doctor, and importance for self in participation was rated as the least important reason. Medical science and medical researchers were seen as the major beneficiaries. Being seen to do something about one's illness was also seen as being important and probability of delaying AIDS was rated lowest. Chance of occurrence of risks of treatment were rated as slightly below 50%. Results of Flesch and Fry tests of informed consent documents suggested that they were written in the style of a scientific article, required the readability level of a university graduate and that recall was imperfect. Those who saw more benefits in their trial participation appeared to be most knowledgeable. These data suggest that participation in this clinical trial was based on altruistic, rather than personal reasons and that participants had realistic perceptions of outcomes.
The Role of Private Physicians in STD Control in Two Inner-City Communities in Houston, Texas
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.1097/00124784-199909000-00007
Abstract: Although sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are particularly widespread in poor, largely minority, inner-city areas, little is known about the role private physicians play in these communities in STD control. A cross-sectional mail survey of private physicians potentially involved in STD management in two inner-city communities in Houston, Texas with STD prevalence rates well above city, state, and national averages was conducted to find the level and type of STD care provided. Twenty-seven of 65 physicians completed the survey. The survey found that the preventive orientation among private providers of medical care in these inner-city communities has to be increased to effectively control STDs.
Multiplex crack smoking and sexual networks: associations between network members’ incarceration and HIV risks among high-risk MSM
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2016
The ethics of experiments on higher animals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1981
DOI: 10.1016/0271-5392(81)90026-5
Abstract: To summarize recent advances in knowledge on otitis media (OM) and quality of life (QoL) and development by synthesizing relevant research in this field published between June 1., 2015 until June 1., 2019. Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library using predefined database-specific syntaxes. Articles selected were randomized controlled trials and observational studies with an adequate control group estimating treatment effects of OM including acute OM (AOM), recurrent AOM (RAOM), OM with effusion (OME), chronic OM (COM) and chronic suppurative OM (CSOM). Items included were Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Quality of Life, Functional Status, Specific Learning Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Language Development Disorders, and Problem Behavior. The electronic database searches yielded a total of 699 records. After screening titles and abstracts, we identified 34 potentially eligible articles. Of these, 18 were excluded. This left 15 articles suitable for inclusion. Although evidence is accumulating that OM may significantly impair children's QoL and development as well as caregiver's QoL, studies on this topic are relatively scarce and vary substantially in terms of methodological quality and outcome measurement instruments (OMI) used. In this review, studies have used 10 different OMIs capturing a wide range of OM symptoms as well as generic and disease-specific QoL outcomes. OM was associated with negative effects on auditory processing, language and speech development, school readiness, social competence, psychosocial wellbeing, and sleep. We found only four relevant randomized controlled trials, which mostly failed to demonstrate superiority of interventions in terms of QoL improvement and reports on reversibility are lacking. This underpins the urgent need for high quality studies in this field using validated and uniform OMIs. To facilitate interpretation and harmonization of study findings, we suggest and support the development of a core outcome set for the various OM entities that should include the most reliable and meaningful QoL and developmental OMIs.
HIV/AIDS infection control enforcement a comparison between Nigeria and the United States
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0033-3506(97)00035-8
Abstract: We examined differences in approaches to HIV-related infection control practices in two university teaching hospitals in the United States and Nigeria. Health care workers (n = 202 in Nigeria and 186 in the USA) responded to a previously validated measure of infection control practices. There were significant differences in the estimated probability of treating a person with HIV disease (higher in USA), and a greater probability of peer ridicule as a way of enforcing group norms on infection control in Nigeria. Peer enforcement of norms was significantly lower in the USA. In both countries, more precautions would be taken if it was known that the patient was HIV infected. Infection control practices were more likely to be followed in the USA compared with Nigeria if they were praised for this activity, if appropriate facilities (sharps containers, gloves, etc.) were nearby, and if they felt that infection control procedures were effective. These data point to the importance of normative social pressures in Nigeria and of knowing the patient is HIV infected in the USA and feeling that infection control procedures are effective ways of avoiding occupational HIV infection. The role of normative pressures and assumptions about HIV infection status as well as cues and availability of facilities for infection control appear to differ between these health care workers in Nigeria and the USA.
Homosexuality and Social Sex Roles:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-09-1983
Abstract: Positive memory encoding and retrieval deficits have an empirical relation with several post-trauma outcomes. Drawing from the Contractor et al. model, we examined relations between positive memory characteristics and post-trauma mental health indicators. A trauma-exposed community s le of 203 participants (
Why Healthcare Workers Don't Wash Their Hands: A Behavioral Explanation
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1086/503335
Abstract: To elucidate behavioral determinants of handwashing among nurses. Statistical modeling using the Theory of Planned Behavior and relevant components to handwashing behavior by nurses that were derived from focus-group discussions and literature review. The community and 3 tertiary care hospitals. Children aged 9-10 years, mothers, and nurses. Responses from 754 nurses were analyzed using backward linear regression for handwashing intention. We reasoned that handwashing results in 2 distinct behavioral practices—inherent handwashing and elective handwashing—with our model explaining 64% and 76%, respectively, of the variance in behavioral intention. Translation of community handwashing behavior to healthcare settings is the predominant driver of all handwashing, both inherent (weighted β = 2.92) and elective (weighted β = 4.1). Intended elective in-hospital handwashing behavior is further significantly predicted by nurses' beliefs in the benefits of the activity (weighted β = 3.12), peer pressure of senior physicians (weighted β = 3.0) and administrators (weighted β = 2.2), and role modeling (weighted β = 3.0) but only to a minimal extent by reduction in effort (weighted β = 1.13). Inherent community behavior (weighted β = 2.92), attitudes (weighted β = 0.84), and peer behavior (weighted β = 1.08) were strongly predictive of inherent handwashing intent. A small increase in handwashing adherence may be seen after implementing the use of alcoholic hand rubs, to decrease the effort required to wash hands. However, the facilitation of compliance is not simply related to effort but is highly dependent on altering behavioral perceptions. Thus, introduction of hand rub alone without an associated behavioral modification program is unlikely to induce a sustained increase in hand hygiene compliance.
Femininity, Masculinity and Sexual Orientation:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-09-1983
Abstract: The Wnt signaling pathway, known for regulating genes critical to normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, is dysregulated in many types of cancer. Previously, we identified that the anthelmintic drug niclosamide inhibited Wnt signaling by promoting internalization of Wnt receptor Frizzled 1 and degradation of Wnt signaling pathway proteins, Dishevelled 2 and β-catenin, contributing to suppression of colorectal cancer growth
Differences in HIV Risk Behaviors by Gender in a Sample of Tanzanian Injection Drug Users
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S10461-006-9102-X
Abstract: This study investigated differences in drug use and sexual behaviors among from 237 male and 123 female heroin users in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Multivariate models of risk of needle sharing were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Men were significantly older, more likely to inject only white heroin, share needles, and give or lend used needles to other injectors. Women were more likely to be living on the streets, have injected brown heroin, have had sex, have had a higher number of sex partners, and have used a condom with the most recent sex partner. Being male and earning less than US $46 in the past month were significant predictors of increased risk of needle sharing. Despite differences in sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual behaviors by gender, both male and female injectors in Dar es Salaam exhibit elevated risk of HIV infection associated with drug use.
Determinants of Health‐Care Workers' Attitudes Toward People with AIDS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1111/J.1559-1816.1991.TB00452.X
Abstract: One hundred and thirty-four health professionals read one of 12 fictional case histories in which the patient was diagnosed as being either HIV- or Hepatitis B-positive. For each diagnosis infection was attributed to sexual contact, IV drug use, or a transfusion of contaminated blood. Within each diagnostic category, and for each source of infection, the patient was identified as either heterosexual or homosexual. Although homophobia has been suggested as a major contributor to negative attitudes toward people with AIDS, the present results remained significant even after homophobia, as measured by Hudson and Ricketts (1980), had been controlled for statistically. Regardless of disease, patients infected through IV drug use or sexual contact were seen as equally culpable and more responsible for their condition than those infected by transfusion. HIV, but not Hepatitis B, patients infected by sex or IV drug use were perceived as having less moral integrity than those infected by transfusion. Source of infection also influenced respondents' desire for close personal interaction. Negativity toward particular patient groups based merely on information about patient lifestyles was clearly demonstrated and it is suggested that negative attitudes toward people with AIDS may be a reflection of negative attitudes toward sexuality generally, rather than homosexuality.
Reported condom use and condom use difficulties in street outreach samples of men of four racial and ethnic backgrounds
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1258/095646205774763135
Abstract: The epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States has focused research attention on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered communities as well as on racial and ethnic minorities. Much of that attention has, however, been focused on specific racial and ethnic groups, and specific sexual minorities. We report on the results of a study that examined the association between condom use and partnership types among men from four major racial/ethnic groups. Self-reported data on sexual identity (homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual) and condom use in the past three months were collected from 806 African Americans, Hispanic, Asian, and white men intercepted in public places in Houston, TX. Data indicated that condom use was lowest in African Americans and Hispanic men, bisexual men reported the highest levels of use, with heterosexual men reporting the lowest use. African Americans and Hispanic men reported generally that it was very difficult to use a condom during sexual contact, although the patterns for self-identified homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual men varied across race/ethnicity. Homosexual African American men reported the least difficulty, and white homosexual men the most difficulty compared with heterosexual and bisexual peers. For homosexually identified men, there were considerable differences across race/ethnicity in the proportion of partners who never or rarely disagreed to use condoms, with Asians disagreeing least, and African Americans most. Within racial/ethnic groups, the levels of condom use and difficulty were similar for male and female partners, suggesting that it is sexual identity, rather than partner gender, that has impacted condom-use messages. These data suggest that racial/ethnic targeting of condom use is likely to be most efficacious in increasing condom use in men.
our clothes are going to magically come off: An Exploratory Study of U.S. Latino Adolescents' Reasons for Having or not Having First-time Vaginal Intercourse
Publisher: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Date: 17-06-2014
DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.UPSY13-4.YCAG
Abstract: US Latino adolescents have higher teenage birthrates and higher probabilities for early sexual initiation, compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Understanding their reasons for delaying or initiating first-time vaginal intercourse is important in designing culturally relevant health promotion programs. Using qualitative methods, we analyzed 21 semi-structured interviews with US Latino adolescents regarding their sexual debuts. Seven had sexually debuted, acknowledging sexual feelings of desire, curiosity and pleasure for their romantic partner. The remaining 14 had not debuted citing reasons of self-interest reasons and external prohibitive factors. Eight out of 14 also attributed their status to not being in a romantic relationship. Our findings suggest several areas for increased discussion including how romantic relationships and Latino cultural values influence sexual initiation and the use of contraception. These findings could improve health promotion programs by identifying critical elements that may resonate with US Latino adolescent socio-cultural values and sexual development.
Heterosexual marriage of homosexual males: Some associated factors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1979
DOI: 10.1080/00926237908403725
Abstract: Three matched groups of predominantly homosexual men were compared using Weinberg and Williams' questionnaire. Two of the groups contained men who were currently heterosexually married and men who had been heterosexually married the third group was unmarried controls. Reasons for marriage were reviewed and found to be a combination of situational factors and, to a greater extent, of the expectations of those men who married of a more negative societal reaction against homosexuality. Implications of these findings for therapy are briefly discussed.
Future time perspective in current and previous injecting drug users
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90072-X
Abstract: Future time perspective (FTP) is a measure of an in idual's ability to conceptualise the future which has been shown to be foreshortened in drug addicts. We studied 100 opiate injecting drug users (IDUs) in New South Wales, Australia, of which half were currently injecting and half were not. There was a significant difference between the two groups on FTP, with those currently injecting having a truncated FTP extension. Factor analysis of the FTP scale suggested that the dimensions of future time may differ between groups, with current injectors having a perspective of loss and isolation compared to the dimension of self-evaluation and self-acceptance in those not currently injecting. These data support previous studies which demonstrated truncated FTP, also demonstrating a difference in currently (as opposed to previously) IDUs and suggest that both extension of FTP and an alteration of the dimensions of FTP are associated with cessation of injecting and entry into treatment.
Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Risk for Unsafe Sex Among Internet Using Men Who Have Sex with Men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2009
The impact of an intervention to change health workers' HIV/AIDS attitudes and knowledge in Nigeria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2002
Zidovudine adherence among individuals with HIV infection
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1995
The Advantages and Limitations of Seeking Sex Online: A Comparison of Reasons Given for Online and Offline Sexual Liaisons by Men Who Have Sex With Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
Minority stress and community connectedness among gay, lesbian and bisexual Australians: A comparison of rural and metropolitan localities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Abstract: To determine whether lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) Australians residing in rural-remote and other non-inner metropolitan localities experience increased levels of minority stress and reduced social support relative to their inner metropolitan counterparts. A convenience s le of (n=1306) LGB Australians completed an online survey that assessed minority stressors, level of connection with other LGB in iduals and social isolation. Postcodes provided were coded into three metropolitan and two rural zones. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were undertaken to examine the effect of locality on minority stress and social support independent of sex, age, ethnicity, education and income. Those residing in rural-remote localities reported significantly increased concealment of sexuality from friends, more concern regarding disclosure of sexuality, less LGB community involvement, fewer friendships with other LGB people and, among men, higher levels of internalised homophobia than those residing in inner metropolitan areas. Unexpectedly, those residing in outer metropolitan areas of major cities experienced comparable levels of minority stress and LGB disconnection to those in rural and remote Australia. LGB in iduals in rural-remote and outer metropolitan areas of major cities face increased exposure to a number of minority stressors and less LGB community connectedness. These are risk factors associated with psychiatric morbidity in LGB populations. Health promotion targeted at reducing homophobia and discrimination in rural-remote and outer metropolitan communities and additional services to assist LGB Australians struggling with stigma and isolation in non-inner city areas may help mitigate the disadvantages faced by these LGB populations.
Cross-national HIV infection control practices and fear of AIDS: a comparison between Nigeria and the USA
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1997
Abstract: Summary: Fears about occupational transmission of HIV may have a significant impact on the behaviour of health care workers and on infection control practices. We investigated the relationships between fear of AIDS and infection control practices in health care workers in major university teaching hospitals in Nigeria and the USA. Data from the fear of AIDS scale and on a measure of infection control practices and beliefs showed that knowledge of whether the patient was HIVinfected determined infection control practices in Calabar but not Texas. Where the patient was known to be infected, there were no differences between the 2 countries. Fears of AIDS were related to infection control practices significantly more in the USA than in Nigeria where there was almost no relationship. These data may be influenced by the greater availability of disposable equipment in the USA compared with Nigeria.
Structural and environmental factors are associated with internalised homonegativity in men who have sex with men: Findings from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) in 38 countries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2012.11.033
Abstract: Internalised homonegativity refers to a gay person's negative feelings about homosexuality and is believed to stem from negative societal stereotypes and attitudes towards homosexuality. Surprisingly, little research has centred on this link. In this research, we aimed to examine the associations between internalised homonegativity and structural forces, cultural influence, and access to sexual health promotion measures among a s le of 144,177 men who have sex with men (MSM) in 38 European countries. Participants were recruited as part of the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) during 2010. It was a self-completion, multilingual Internet-based survey for men living in Europe who have sex with men and/or feel attracted to men. Assumed causal relations were tested through multiple regression models. Variables at the structure of rule-systems (macro-level) that were significantly and negatively associated with internalised homonegativity were the presence of laws recognising same-sex relationships and same-sex adoption. In the meso-level model, greater proportions of the population expressing that they would not like to have homosexuals as neighbours predicted higher internalised homonegativity. In the last model, five variables were significantly and negatively associated with internalised homonegativity: being exposed to HIV/STI information for MSM, access to HIV testing, access to STI testing, access to condoms, and experience of gay-related hostility. In turn, men who had tested for HIV in the past year evidenced lower internalised homonegativity. This is the largest and certainly most geographically erse study to date to examine structural and environmental predictors of internalised homonegativity among MSM. Our results show that one insidious consequence of society's stigma towards homosexuals is the internalisation of that stigma by gay and bisexual men themselves, thus, drawing attention to the importance of promoting social equity for self-acceptance around gay identity in building a positive sense of self.
Prevalence of STI symptoms and high levels of stigma in STI healthcare among men who have sex with men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a respondent-driven sampling study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-12-2016
Abstract: Symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), whether they are presented for treatment or diagnosis, and how they are received by the clinician where they are presented, may be concomitants of stigma associated with homosexuality in homophobic climates. We analyzed respondent-driven s ling data from a study on 200 young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to examine s le prevalence, treatment and clinician response to 10 symptoms potentially associated with STIs. Survey measures included 10 self-reported STI symptoms, further specified according to location (genital, anal, oral), further specified according to place of diagnosis, place of, treatment whether there was pharmacy treatment or self-medication, healthcare worker (HCW) inquiries about source of infection and whether the HCW was polite. Most common symptoms reported were genital pain, burning urination, genital itching/burning, penile discharge, and groin swelling. Anal symptoms had the lowest proportion of treatment at public clinics and among the highest proportion of pharmacy treatment anal sores had the highest proportion of self-medication. HCWs were reported as not being polite in response to 71–90% of the symptoms, (median = 82%). The findings suggest that stigma and negative HCW response are barriers to public clinic treatment for MSM in Tanzania and that these may have implications for both STI treatment and the HIV cascade.
Relationships Between Homosexual and Heterosexual Interest and Their Implications for Bisexuality: An Empirical Test
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-03-2007
A new computer application for teaching sexual history taking to medical students: innovation and evaluation in the UfaceMETM program
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S195461
Pain and Loss of Pleasure in Receptive Anal Sex for Gay and Bisexual Men following Prostate Cancer Treatment: Results from the Restore-1 Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2021
The Importance of Measuring Internalized Homophobia/Homonegativity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2010
Assessing Differential Item Validity of the AIDS-Related Social Skills Questionnaire among African Adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2001
Technological Advancements and Internet Sexuality: Does Private Access to the Internet Influence Online Sexual Behavior?
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2007
Accuracy of self‐reporting of sexually transmissible disease in injecting drug users
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1993
Prevalence, Severity, and Correlates of Problematic Sexual Internet Use in Swedish Men and Women
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-011-9762-0
Abstract: The content and prevalence of problematic Internet sexual use was investigated in a s le of 1,913 Internet-recruited younger Swedish men and women. Five items as part of a larger Internet sexual use study addressed problems associated with it, control, dysphoria, feeling "addicted," and feeling the need for treatment. The resulting scale of Internet sexual problems indicated that 5% of women and 13% of men reported some problems, with 2% of women and 5% of men indicating serious problems across the five items. Of five predictors of problematic use, three were significant: religiosity, having negative experiences with Internet sexual use, and frequency of pornography viewing. The viewing and sharing of pornography was most closely associated with reported problems. Data also suggested that having some very specific pornographic content interests were associated with an increase in reported problems. While these data were limited by the non-random nature of the s le, they suggest that Internet sexual problems are measurable, are a subset of Internet addiction with sexual content, and affect a small but significant proportion of the Internet-using population.
Preventing Syphilis: Lessons From a Survey of Two Inner-City Communities in Houston, Texas
Publisher: Project MUSE
Date: 1999
Abstract: To develop a relevant, community-based prevention c aign, the authors examined, using street-intercept interviews, syphilis-related knowledge, circulation of information, and screening and treatment practices among four hundred residents of two inner-city communities in Houston, Texas, where syphilis case rates exceed city, county, and national averages. Although awareness of syphilis was near universal, one-fourth of the respondents thought syphilis was incurable, and a large proportion confused syphilis with other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), mentioning discharge and burning or itching in the genital area as symptoms. Almost four out of five respondents were aware of free treatment and screening facilities in the local area, yet, less than two of five expressed the intention to get tested within the next month. Only 22 percent had seen or heard anything about syphilis in the past twelve months. The resultant prevention c aign is discussed along with implications for the development of comprehensive STD prevention and control c aigns in similar poor and underserved communities.
New inventory for measurement of parental rearing patterns: AN ENGLISH FORM OF THE EMBU
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1982
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0447.1982.TB04508.X
Abstract: Despite the importance of measurement of parental rearing patterns in psychiatric research, there are almost no acceptable standardised inventories available. An English-language version of the Swedish EMBU Inventory is presented, which has subscales measuring the degree to which each parent was abusive, depriving, punitive, shaming, rejecting, overprotective, overinvolved, tolerant, affectionate, performance-oriented, guilt-engendering, stimulating, favoured siblings, and favoured the subject. Results indicate high and comparable reliability and item-factor structure. It would appear that the EMBU has both cross-cultural reliability and stable structure in the English translation.
Sociosexual Identity Development and Sexual Risk Taking of Acculturating Collegiate Gay and Bisexual Men
Publisher: Project MUSE
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1353/CSD.0.0131
Sex education and transgender youth: ‘Trust Means Material By and For Queer and Trans People’
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-06-2018
HIV Counseling and Testing Program for Female Inmates: Analysis of Data From the Harris County Jail
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2005
Parental Rearing Transient Thought Disorder in Young Adults
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1159/000283997
Abstract: 85 students and 72 medical and surgical patients, aged between 16 and 24, and 48 mature-aged clerical and executive workers, aged between 29 and 60, were administered a written version of a scale measuring transient thought disorder, the Eysenck personality questionnaire and the EMBU questionnaire on parental rearing methods. It was found that there were differences between s les on frequency of depersonalisation, and that a majority of the young adult s le had had two or more depersonalisation experiences. Those who had experienced the greater degree of transient thought disorder had had fathers who were more intolerant, unaffectionate and unstimulating, and mothers who were more intolerant, unstimulating and rejecting. Transient thought disorder was related significantly to both psychoticism and particularly to neuroticism on the EPQ in the young, but not the mature adult, s le. It is suggested that it arises as a function of remote and uninvolved parents and is related to uncertainty about identity.
Predictors of injecting and injecting risk-taking behaviour among methadone maintenance clients
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1994.TB00897.X
Abstract: A s le of 222 methadone maintenance clients were interviewed regarding current injecting and needle risk-taking in order to ascertain factors associated with these behaviours. Just over half (55%) of subjects had injected in the month preceding interview. Current injecting was associated with being female, having a regular sexual partner who was a current injecting drug user, polydrug use and higher levels of global psychopathology. Approximately 15% of subjects had shared needles in the month preceding interview, predominantly with one other person. Needle sharing was associated with having a regular sexual partner who was a current injecting drug user, current criminality and injecting at places other than home. Needle-sharing episodes in the study period were considered safe by practically all sharers. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Men who have sex with men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1992
Dimensions of gender relations and reproductive health inequity perceived by female undergraduate students in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: a qualitative exploration
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Experience of Online Outreach for Black MSM Populations at High Risk for HIV Transmission
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2017
High HIV seroprevalence, rectal STIs and risky sexual behaviour in men who have sex with men in Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Tanzania
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 28-08-2014
Effective targeted and community HIV/STD prevention programs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552121
Abstract: Community interventions and interventions targeting specific groups at risk of STDs/HIV have demonstrated significant impacts on sexual behavior, particularly condom use and safer sex. The scientific evidence suggests the factors that make these interventions particularly effective include the establishment of community, including business and CBO partnerships maintainance of the intervention post-research funding and buy-in by the community or target group. The modification of risky normative beliefs through the use of opinion leaders and role models, and through intervention delivery by peer educators, is an important facet of such interventions. Interventions delivered by health professionals, absent a community base, appear to be unsuccessful. Where cultures or subcultures are targeted, the close involvement of such groups in the design and delivery of messages is critical to their success. Diffusion of interventions through existing social networks further extends the intervention into the community and acts to reinforce and maintain changes in peer norms toward safer sexual behavior. The available data confirm that community or medical infrastructure-based interventions are effective in changing sexual behavior and can reach a wider range of the population than face-to-face programs if they incorporate peer educators as role models in modifying norms, and if diffusion of the intervention is integral to the design.
Influence of Trust on HIV Diagnosis and Care Practices: A Literature Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2010
Abstract: Delays in accessing HIV health care and failure to adhere to providers’ advice are common. Patient trust is critical to an in idual’s willingness to seek care and follow the physician’s advice. Conversely, patient distrust can diminish the patient’s health status. The trust literature is reviewed in an attempt to determine its effect on HIV care. In the HIV literature reviewed, greater trust in health care providers was associated with improved accessing of and remaining in care. Interventions to enhance patient trust have been tested, with no changes in the levels of trust being found. Few studies were rigorous enough to assess causality or temporal relation. It is not clear whether there is a causal association between patient trust and HIV health care outcomes. As these relationships are better understood, interventions can be designed to increase health-promoting behaviors.
A community level syphilis prevention programme: outcome data from a controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2004
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of a small media c aign to reduce syphilis through testing, treatment, and condom use in two urban predominantly African-American communities with high syphilis rates. Data were collected from intervention and comparison zip codes using cross sectional street intercept interviews at baseline and 2 years later (n = 1630) following a small media syphilis prevention c aign with role model story posters, billboards, and other merchandise. Community businesses and a community based organisation served as partners, distributing condoms and small media. Comparing intervention with comparison zip codes, there were significant increases in condom use in last sexual act, and some aspects of knowledge of syphilis. However, there was significant cross contamination of media impact, with respondents in the comparison zip code seeing an average of two media items compared with three in the intervention zip code. Media exposure was associated with significant increases in knowledge of syphilis, testing, and condom use. Targeted community based small media interventions using community partners for distribution are effective in increasing syphilis knowledge, testing, and condom use.
Knowledge and attitudes of Pakistani medical students towards HIV-positive and/or AIDS patients
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/13548500500477667
Abstract: As the incidence of HIV increases, one of the major steps in preventing a widespread epidemic is to make certain that medical students are prepared to recognize and treat HIV infections and their related conditions, and to counsel patients about avoiding risks that might lead to infections. This cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge level of 357 medical students and their attitudes about AIDS and HIV enrolled in a Medical College in Karachi, Pakistan. Only 6% of the students had complete knowledge on symptoms of HIV/AIDS and 7% of the students had complete knowledge on the modes of transmission of HIV. Statistical analysis of demographic factors affecting knowledge was done. Linear regression and Maentel-Haenszel tests showed that older and clinical students were more knowledgeable of symptoms and modes of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Ten attitudes were correlated with knowledge and none of these showed an association. These results on knowledge indicate that education about HIV/AIDS should be incorporated in the curriculum and interventions must be taken by public health professionals to avoid poor treatment outcomes.
Baseline predictors of three types of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence: A 2-year follow-up
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1080/09540120500456631
Abstract: The purposes of the study were to measure adherence with antiretroviral therapy to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions in a s le of patients with HIV infection in Stockholm, Sweden, over a 2-year period and identify baseline predictors of the three types of adherence. The study cohort consists of 144 patients who completed at least six out of seven follow-up self-reported adherence questionnaires. Baseline self-administrated questionnaire examined socio-demographics, medication-related, psychological, cognitive, and social context factors and self-reported adherence. Biomedical data were obtained through patients' medical records. Summary dose, schedule, and dietary instructions adherence scores provided outcome measures reflecting 100% adherence across all time points or not 100% adherence during at least one measurement period. A total of 61% maintained consistent full-dose adherence throughout baseline and all follow-up visits and equivalent proportion of 100% schedule adherence was 39%. Among patients with dietary instructions, 37% retained consistent adherence at all visits. Only schedule adherence was predicted by baseline data perceived pressures from those close to the patient to take HIV medications (OR 0.51, p<.05), life stress (OR 0.13, p 0.009), ART health concerns (OR 0.19, p 0.003), and ART prolongs one's life (OR 0.39, p 0.04) predicted reduced schedule adherence over time. Perceived medication pressures from medical staff (OR 1.76, p<.05), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (OR 1.07 p<.01), and adherence self-efficacy (OR 3.50, p<.05) predicted positive schedule adherence over time. These results clearly illustrate difficulties in sustaining ART adherent behaviour, in particular schedule and dietary restrictions, over time and thus emphasizes the importance of multiple periodic assessments of all three types of adherence. Interventions aimed at improving schedule adherence should in particular focus on psychological and cognitive factors.
Preventing HIV: determinants of sexual behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2000
Societal relationships and gender role in homosexuals: A cross‐cultural comparison
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1983
Sexuality and health challenges: Responding to a public health imperative
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552112
Abstract: Sexuality is associated with a number of public health imperatives to prevent disease or disability or, if prevention is not possible, to treat and reduce the burden of disease as expeditiously as possible. With the advent of modern testing technology and better s ling of populations, the burden of sexually transmissible infections, sexual assault, and sexual disability have become more apparent. Presented here are U.S. data on the public health dimensions of human sexuality and the evidence for the urgent need to address the magnitude of sexually related public health problems.
Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral medications in a sample of HIV-positive African American drug users
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2004
Complex Transmission Dynamics of Clonally Related VirulentMycobacterium tuberculosisAssociated with Barhopping by Predominantly Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Gay Men
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-1999
DOI: 10.1086/314991
Abstract: Limited data suggest that measures to reduce tuberculosis transmission should be based on locations rather than on personal contacts. Molecular epidemiologic methods (analysis of IS6110 patterns, spoligotypes, variable numbers of tandem DNA repeats, and automated DNA sequence data) identified a cohort of 48 persons who were infected with progeny of the same Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain. Epidemiologic investigation documented that a large proportion of the patients were gay white human immunodeficiency virus-positive men. Most practiced barhopping, an activity that involved patronizing many bars in the same neighborhood each night. Few subjects were directly linked to more than 1 or 2 other persons by conventional investigation methods, which shows that the transmission dynamics were unusually complex compared with most previously described episodes of strain spread. The data support the concept that identification of locations where pathogen dissemination likely occurs may provide additional strategies for targeted tuberculosis control.
CHANGES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR BETWEEN 1986 AND 1988 IN MATCHED SAMPLES OF HOMOSEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1989.TB00206.X
Abstract: Matched s les of homosexually active men were obtained using identical s ling methods in a city of one million people in 1986 and 1988. Data indicated that reported sexual behaviours had significantly changed in the direction of safer sex, particularly oral sex without ejaculation, anal sex with a condom (both insertive and receptive), which increased in frequency, and analingual and digitoanal receptive practices, wet kissing, and anal receptive intercourse generally, which decreased. Reported sources of education for both s les were primarily gay media and gay organisations. These data, with some caveats concerning design and comparability of s les, suggest that behavioural change in the appropriate direction has occurred in homosexually active men, and that gay organisations and media have been perceived as the most common source of information on safer sex in this population.
Depression and HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Tanzania
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-03-2016
The Second Closet: A Qualitative Study of HIV Stigma Among Seropositive Gay Men in a Southern U.S. City
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2014
Intravaginal practices and genital human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Cambodia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JMV.25268
Predictors of Partner Numbers in Homosexual Men
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-1984
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-198407000-00001
Abstract: Six hundred four homosexual men in four countries (Sweden, Finland, Australia, and the Republic of Ireland) were investigated with regard to their number of sexual partners over the past year and a number of psychological variables including masculinity and femininity, number of infections with sexually transmitted agents, relationships with parents, attitudes toward homosexuality, degree of homosexuality, sex-role conservatism, and a number of demographic variables. By use of multiple linear regression on partner numbers for each s le, it was found that between 15% and 28% of the variance of number of partners was accounted for by psychosocial factors, and that the great majority of these were significant in more than one country. Predictors included masculine and feminine personality traits, relationships with mother, degree of homosexuality, perceived societal attitudes toward homosexuality, age, and education. The data strongly suggest that psychosocial factors are significant predictors of numbers of partners of homosexual men, and that psychological approaches to treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases may be warranted.
Development of a treatment optimism scale for HIV-positive gay and bisexual men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
The Relationship of Internalized Homonegativity to Unsafe Sexual Behavior in HIV-Seropositive Men Who Have Sex With Men
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 12-2008
A qualitative study of the cultural appropriateness of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) in South Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2010
History of Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors in Homosexual and Bisexual Men
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 06-2007
Abstract: Objectives. We examined the prevalence and frequency of childhood sexual abuse and their association with sexual risk among a s le of gay and bisexual men. Methods. Cross-sectional data were collected by survey from randomly selected gay and bisexual men who attended the 1997 and 1998 Minneapolis/St. Paul Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Pride Festivals. Data included demographics, sexual activity, history of childhood sexual abuse, HIV status, history of sexually transmitted infection, use of sex-related drugs (such as crack, cocaine, Ecstasy, amyl nitrate, crystal meth hetamine, and Special K), and history of exchanging sex for payment. Results. childhood sexual abuse was reported by 15.5% of the survey respondents (n = 134). Those who reported experiencing abuse regularly were more likely to (1) be HIV positive, (2) have exchanged sex for payment, and (3) be a current user of sex-related drugs. Neither unsafe sex nor sexually transmitted infections were associated with childhood sexual abuse. Conclusions. These findings show that more than 1 in 7 gay and bisexual men in a non-clinical, festival-based setting were victims of childhood sexual abuse and that childhood sexual abuse was associated with alarmingly high rates of men who were HIV infected and antecedent risk behaviors.
The Gay Dance Party Culture in Sydney:
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-07-1995
Toward a public health of situations: the re-contextualization of risk
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1590/S0102-311X2000000100007
Abstract: This paper reviews the role of situational variables in health risk behaviors and the literature on the impact of context and situation in public health. Three postulates for a situational model are presented: that the situation can account for additional variance in explanation of health risk behaviors that the power of the situation is reciprocal to the degree of in idual autonomy and that the situation is definable and measurable. A situational presentation methodology is presented for measuring situations in public health with preliminary data on its efficacy in the context of sexual behavior and injecting drug use as HIV transmission risks. Interventions which maximize the use of situationally-based information are discussed. It is concluded that situational presentations may offer additional explanatory power in public health and a means for intervening at a situational level.
Predictors of reporting bareback sex among a diverse sample of MSM recruited through a Swedish website
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2011
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2011.565035
Abstract: This study aimed to understand how person, health and sexual behavior, HIV-risk cognitions, and gay community involvement relate to barebacking among 3634 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by way of the Swedish website QX.se. In this s le, 10% reported that they had engaged in barebacking in the past year. Variables found to be statistically significant in the bivariate analyses were incorporated into a logistic regression domain-specific model. Variables that remained significantly associated with barebacking in domain 1 were being HIV-positive and having had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past year. The variable talked with someone in HIV services remained significant in domain 2, and for domain 3, the variable used the Internet to look for a bareback partner remained significant. Two variables, believing taking semen in one's mouth involves no or low risk of HIV transmission and believing that engaging in insertive unprotected anal intercourse (IUAI) involves no or low risk of HIV transmission, remained significant in domain 4. The final multivariate regression analysis included six variables (from domains 1 to 4) and had a significant fit (χ (2)(6) = 2.571, p=0.958). The likelihood of engaging in barebacking was higher for those men who reported being HIV-positive (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77), having had an STI in the past year (OR = 1.67), and having used the Internet to look for a bareback partner (OR = 12.59). This first study to explore the predictors of bareback sex among a Nordic MSM s le suggests that bareback sex among northern European MSM is less common than among other s les. The findings reconfirm that MSM who engage in bareback sex may represent a unique subset of MSM with distinct HIV prevention needs.
Differences between Chat Room and E-mail Sampling Approaches in Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 10-2002
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.14.6.361.24081
Abstract: In a study to determine s ling differences between Internet sites, we obtained data on 353 men who have sex with men in Chinese gay chat rooms and through e-mail web sites. Respondents were approached by the investigator and agreed to fill out an anonymous questionnaire on their Internet use and sexual activity. All materials and contacts were in Chinese characters. Data indicated that there were few differences between the chat room and Internet s les, but that those using e-mail appear to be more isolated, more homosexually-identified (rather than bisexual), have more experience with casual partners on a number of sexual activities, and were less likely to carry condoms and to have safe sex. E-mail respondents were more likely to want to discuss HIV/AIDS prevention on a web site or other site. These data suggest that the two recruiting methods are largely comparable in respondent characteristics, but that e-mail respondents are likely to be more isolated and at higher HIV risk than chat room participants.
Psychosocial ethical aspects of AIDS.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-1989
DOI: 10.1136/JME.15.2.74
Abstract: The psychosocial morbidity associated with HIV infection and responses to such infection may exceed morbidity associated with medical sequelae of such infection. This paper argues that negative judgements on those with HIV infection or in groups associated with such infection will cause avoidable psychological and social distress. Moral judgements made regarding HIV infection may also harm the common good by promoting conditions which may increase the spread of HIV infection. This paper examines these two lines of argument with regard to the ethical aspects of psychological bases of health care, clinical contact, public perceptions of AIDS and the comparative perspective. It is concluded that the psychosocial aspects of HIV infection impose ethical psychological, as well as medical, obligations to reduce harm and prevent the spread of infection.
Networks and tuberculosis: an undetected community outbreak involving public places
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00170-2
Abstract: After decades of decline in developed countries, there was a resurgence of tuberculosis in the mid-1980s accompanied by increased recognition that this infectious disease has long remained a major public health problem at the global level. New methods from molecular biology, in particular DNA 'fingerprinting' (of Mycobacterium tuberculosis), made it clear that current transmission and recent infection (in contrast to reactivation of earlier, latent infection) were much more significant than previously believed. Studies of tuberculosis outbreaks using these new tools pointed to complex networks through which infection was spreading and highlighted the need for new approaches to outbreak investigation and disease control. In the study reported here a new approach--combining methods from molecular biology, epidemiology and network analysis--was used to examine an outbreak of tuberculosis in Houston, Texas. Initial investigation using conventional strategies revealed few contacts among 37 patients with identical (six-band) DNA (IS6110-based) fingerprints but subsequent research uncovered over 40 places (including many gay bars) to which patients in this outbreak could be linked. Network methods were used to reconstruct an outbreak network and to quantify the relative importance (here, 'betweenness' centrality) of different actors (persons and places) playing a role in the outbreak. The multidisciplinary work provides the basis for a new approach to outbreak investigation and disease control.
Using the Internet to Find Offline Sex Partners
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2007
Abstract: We aimed to expand upon the demographic characteristics and gender differences among those who have met someone on the Internet who they later met offline and had sex with as well as any relationship with cybersex, sexually transmitted infections, and online sexual problems. We analyzed data collected through an online questionnaire in 2002 in Sweden including a total population of 1836 respondents of which 1458 used the Internet for sexual purposes. Of those, 35% men and 40% women reported to have met offline sex partners online. The majority reported an occurrence of one to two times, whereas 10% reported six or more times. The analysis suggested women aged 34-49 and 50-65 years, homo- and bisexual men, and singles more likely to have this experience. They were also more likely to have engaged in cybersex. No relationships were found with sexually transmitted infections or online sexual problems. The results suggest that using the Internet to find sex partners may be less hazardous for the general Internet users than pointed out by prior research about this behavior often focusing on specific sub groups of Internet users.
Psychological Resistance and HIV Counselling
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-1991
Conducting Internet-Based HIV/STD Prevention Survey Research: Considerations in Design and Evaluation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S10461-006-9172-9
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to advance rigorous Internet-based HIV/STD Prevention quantitative research by providing guidance to fellow researchers, faculty supervising graduates, human subjects' committees, and review groups about some of the most common and challenging questions about Internet-based HIV prevention quantitative research. The authors represent several research groups who have gained experience conducting some of the first Internet-based HIV/STD prevention quantitative surveys in the US and elsewhere. Sixteen questions specific to Internet-based HIV prevention survey research are identified. To aid rigorous development and review of applications, these questions are organized around six common criteria used in federal review groups in the US: significance, innovation, approach (broken down further by research design, formative development, procedures, s ling considerations, and data collection) investigator, environment and human subjects' issues. Strategies promoting minority participant recruitment, minimizing attrition, validating participants, and compensating participants are discussed. Throughout, the implications on budget and realistic timetabling are identified.
Stretching the Boundaries: Tanzanian Pharmacy Workers’ Views and Experiences of Providing STI Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-11-2016
Relationship of AIDS Education and Knowledge to AIDS‐Related Social Skills in Adolescents
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1991
DOI: 10.1111/J.1746-1561.1991.TB07415.X
Abstract: The AIDS Social Assertiveness Scale (ASAS) and a measure of AIDS knowledge were administered to 490 high school students from 10 South Australian schools selected across a range of public rivate, rural/urban, and socioeconomic statuses. Age, grade, hours of AIDS education, and sexual experience (and condom use) also were ascertained. Data indicated the factor structure of the ASAS was similar to that obtained in a previous s le. A close association existed between both age and hours of AIDS education, and AIDS knowledge. Students from country and working class area schools were less knowledgeable about AIDS. These data suggest AIDS social assertiveness is measurable and that it is associated with AIDS knowledge, age, and previous sexual experience. AIDS knowledge in high school students differed between country and urban adolescents and between students in working and middle class areas, but AIDS education is associated with the same level of improvement in all schools s led.
Fluid Versus Fixed: A New Perspective on Bisexuality as a Fluid Sexual Orientation Beyond Gender
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2012
Characteristics of men and women who complete or exit from an on‐line internet sexuality questionnaire: A study of instrument dropout biases
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552205
Abstract: This study compared respondents who completed an Internet sexuality questionnaire and those who dropped out before completion. The study was in Swedish and comprised 3,614 respondents over a 2-week period (53% males, 47% females). There were significant differences between males, of whom 51% dropped out before completion of the 175-item questionnaire, and females, of whom 43% dropped out. Dropout in both genders followed a curve of negative acceleration. The data suggest that dropout is likely to be significant and gender and demographically biased, and to occur significantly earlier for men than for women. Geography, education, sexual orientation, age, relationship status, living arrangements, and Internet connection speed were related to dropout for men, while only relationship status and living arrangements, which were in the opposite direction from men, were related to dropout in women.
Using Social Media to Increase HIV Testing Among Gay and Bisexual Men, Other Men Who Have Sex With Men, and Transgender Persons: Outcomes From a Randomized Community Trial: Table 1.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-03-2016
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIW127
Designing sexual medicine courses: a model
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2923.1984.TB01472.X
Abstract: While sexual medicine is increasingly being seen as an integral part of medical courses, it is difficult to introduce to and integrate into existing curricula. This paper presents an hierarchical model for design of sexual medicine courses which takes into account factors such as environmental constraints (time, money, staff), objectives, content, teaching methods, sequencing, implementation and evaluation. The format of the model is an attempt to address the problems which lead to the necessity to provide courses in sexual medicine to undergraduate medical students.
Effects of Nitrite Use on Lymphocyte Mitogenesis in Homosexual Men
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1177/095646249100200212
Abstract: Immune function in 97 homosexually active men (none of whom had HIV infection) was assessed. Data revealed that mitogenesis in those who used volatile nitrites compared to those who did not was higher at 72 h but that there was no difference between the groups at 96 h. In those who had high as compared to low nitrite use, mitogenesis was higher at 72 h but decreased significantly by 96 h. These data support previous suggestions that immunosuppressive effects of nitrites alone cannot account for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men with HIV infection.
The Relationship Between Homosexuality, Internalized Homo-Negativity, and Mental Health in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-08-2008
DOI: 10.1080/00918360802129394
Abstract: Whether homosexuality or internalized homo-negativity is the critical variable affecting the mental health of men who have sex with men has long been debated. As part of a larger study, 422 Midwestern homosexual men completed questionnaires examining degree of homosexuality, internalized homo-negativity, and depression. Logistic regression modeling identified internalized homo-negativity, but not degree of homosexuality, as significantly associated with greater adjustment depression (OR = 1.5), major depression (OR = 2.6), dysthymia (OR = 1.5), and likelihood of being in therapy (OR = 1.4). Internalized homo-negativity was also negatively associated with overall sexual health, psychosexual maturation, comfort with sexual orientation, "outness," and peer socialization. Internalized homo-negativity, not homosexuality, appears associated with negative health outcomes. Providers should promote sexual health and avoid interventions that reinforce internalized homo-negativity.
Explanations for sharing injection equipment in injecting drug users and barriers to safer drug use
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1994.TB00928.X
Abstract: We examined the explanations given by a s le of 1245 injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia for accepting used injection equipment. Factor analysis of these reasons revealed three dimensions of sharing: not caring when withdrawing or intoxicated, unavailability of equipment, and not seeing it as high risk or ease of injecting. The most common reasons given were difficulty in obtaining sterile equipment (73% of cases), the dangers not seeming so important when in withdrawal (40%) and sharing being something done with friends or lovers (31%). Most common reasons for not sharing were related to health issues (91% citing AIDS and 67% hepatitis). These data suggest that interventions target provision of sterile equipment, and education which highlights risk situations such as intoxication and withdrawal.
Homosexuality-Related Stigma and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-014-0450-8
Abstract: This article examined the associations between three forms of homosexuality-related stigma (enacted, perceived, and internalized homosexual stigmas) with risky sexual behaviors, and to describe the mechanisms of these associations, among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. We used respondent-driven s ling (RDS) to recruit 451 MSM into a cross-sectional study conducted from August 2010 to January 2011. Data were adjusted for recruitment patterns due to the RDS approach logistic regression and path analyses were performed. Participants were young and single most had attended at least some college. Nine out of ten participants engaged in sexual behaviors at moderate to high risk levels. Compared to those who had no enacted homosexual stigma, men having low and high levels of enacted homosexual stigma, respectively, were 2.23 times (95 % CI 1.35-3.69) and 2.20 times (95 % CI 1.04-4.76) more likely to engage in high levels of sexual risk behaviors. In addition, there was an indirect effect of perceived homosexual stigma and internalized homosexual stigma on sexual risk behaviors through depression and drug and alcohol use. Our study provides valuable information to our understanding of homosexual stigma in Vietnam, highlighting the need for provision of coping skills against stigma to the gay community and addressing drinking and drug use among MSM, to improve the current HIV prevention interventions in Vietnam.
The Last Book-Burning Trial of the Twentieth Century: The Stålström Dissertation and the Challenge of Homophobic Authority
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2009
DOI: 10.1080/00918360903005295
Abstract: Anti-homosexual (also known as homophobic) values, attitudes, and beliefs thrive, in part, on misinformation and by restricting discussion that might challenge such views. While this was more typical of academic environments in the 1950s, partly because the study of homosexuality was largely based on clinical or correctional populations, academic environments have usually been in the forefront of empirical and social discussion of sexuality. Preventing such discussion (which maintains outdated pathological or criminal theories of homosexuality), thus becomes a significant agenda of those attempting to maintain anti-homosexual attitudes. Further, when anti-homosexual attitudes have characterized a particular professional group, prevention of any discussion that may reveal that the position of that group was without empirical foundation also serves the function of maintaining their authority as "experts" and allows restrictions on the human rights of homosexual or bisexual in iduals to go unchallenged. Rarely, however, has this resulted in a direct attempt to silence academic discussion, through the invocation of legal sanctions. This article looks at the history of such an attempt in Finland, where an adherent of classical psychoanalysis fought to challenge progress and reverse the tide of scientific and clinical evidence that judged homosexuality to be non-pathological.
A qualitative investigation among men who have sex with men on the acceptability of performing a self- or partner anal exam to screen for anal cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2017
The HIV Medication Self-Reported Nonadherence Reasons (SNAR) Index and Its Underlying Psychological Dimensions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2004
A socioecological measurement of homophobia for all countries and its public health impact
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-03-2018
Abstract: Measuring homophobia at country level is important to guide public health policy as reductions in stigma are associated with improved health outcomes among gay men and other men who have sex with men. Methods: We developed a Homophobic Climate Index incorporating institutional and social components of homophobia. Institutional homophobia was based on the level of enforcement of laws that criminalise, protect or recognise same-sex relations. Social homophobia was based on the level of acceptance and justifiability of homosexuality. We estimated the Index for 158 countries and assessed its robustness and validity. Western Europe is the most inclusive region, followed by Latin America. Africa and the Middle East are home to the most homophobic countries with two exceptions: South Africa and Cabo Verde. We found that a 1% decrease in the level of homophobia is associated with a 10% increase in the gross domestic product per capita. Countries whose citizens face gender inequality, human rights abuses, low health expenditures and low life satisfaction are the ones with a higher homophobic climate. Moreover, a 10% increase in the level of homophobia at country level is associated with a 1.7-year loss in life expectancy for males. A higher level of homophobia is associated with increased AIDS-related death among HIV-positive men. The socioecological approach of this index demonstrates the negative social, economic and health consequences of homophobia in low- and middle-income countries. It provides sound evidence for public health policy in favour of the inclusion of sexual minorities.
Factors Associated with Suboptimal Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence to Dose, Schedule, and Dietary Instructions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S10461-006-9160-0
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions and to examine the effects of extra-personal, intra-personal, and inter-personal factors on suboptimal adherence across the three types of instructions. Self-report and clinical data were collected from 193 sexually infected Swedish patients receiving ART. Effects of extra-personal, intra-personal, and inter-personal factors on suboptimal adherence were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. Suboptimal adherence to dose instructions was recorded in 12% of patients. Equivalent percentage for suboptimal adherence to schedule instructions was 37% and for suboptimal adherence to dietary instructions 58%. Anxiety was the only risk factor for suboptimal adherence to dose. Heavy pill burden was a risk factor for suboptimal adherence to schedule. Older age and HIV-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms decreased the risk of suboptimal adherence to schedule. No factors investigated had an effect on suboptimal adherence to dietary instructions. To improve adherence to dose and schedule instructions, clinicians caring for patients with HIV should assess and treat anxiety and be alert to HIV-related PTSD symptoms.
Fears of aids in Nigerian students: Dimensions of the Fear of Aids Scale (FAIDSS) in West Africa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90403-0
Abstract: A study based on a s le of 2500 in iduals aged 18 years and over in six west African cities was undertaken for the purpose of determining the cross-cultural consistency and replicability of fears about AIDS. A factor analysis of the data obtained confirmed a similar factor structure to that reported in Australia. Implications for the prevention of HIV transmission in Nigeria and other west African countries is discussed. Our findings showed that the fear of AIDS Scale (FAIDSS) is a reliable index of fear of aids and is readily scaleable. Other implications for health education are considered.
Differences between Internet samples and conventional samples of men who have sex with men: implications for research and HIV interventions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00493-1
Abstract: The Internet is becoming a new erotic oasis for obtaining sex online or in person. We reviewed the literature on cybersex and compared differences in data from s les of homosexually active men obtained on identical questionnaires from a conventional written questionnaire, distributed through the mailing and contact lists of a large national gay organization in Sweden, and through the same organization's website and chat room. A total of 716 written questionnaires and 678 Internet questionnaires were obtained. The Internet s le was younger, more likely to live in small towns or cities, live with parents or a girlfriend, and have lower formal education. They are less likely to have previous sexual experience solely with other men (one in three of the Internet s le vs. 1 in 14 of the written s le defined themselves as bisexual) and more likely to visit erotic oases such as bathhouses, video clubs and erotic movie houses. They also visited Internet chat rooms more frequently (86% of the Internet s le vs. 50% of the written s le). One third of the Internet s le wanted the opportunity to talk with an expert about HIV compared with a quarter of the written s le. Sexual practices between the two s les were generally similar, although the Internet s le reported significantly less body contact, kissing, hugging, mutual masturbation, and more condom use for anal intercourse with steady partners. Over four times as many of the Internet s les reported sex with women in the past year as the written s le. These data indicate that Internet data collection is feasible and that this mode of data collection, despite the nonrandom and self-selected nature of both types of s les, is likely to be more significantly oriented toward the young, geographically more isolated, and more behaviorally and self-identified bisexual respondent than conventionally distributed written questionnaires.
Sexual risk behaviours and STIs in drug abuse treatment populations whose drug of choice is crack cocaine
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1258/095646202320753736
Abstract: We investigated sexually transmissable infection (STI) prevalence in 407 drug users in three drug treatment programmes in two Texan cities and associated demographic and sexual behaviours. Data analysis focused on differences between those for whom crack cocaine was the drug of preference compared with other drugs, since crack is associated with sexual arousal and a sex for drugs economy. Data indicate that having crack as a drug of preference is significantly associated with increased levels of previous STIs, previous drug treatment, African–American race, selling or buying sex for drugs or money, and increased infection markers for syphilis, chlamydia and herpes simplex-2. Crack preference was also significantly associated with lower rates of injecting drugs or sharing injection equipment and hepatitis C infection markers. Crack preference in heterosexual respondents was significantly associated with increased partner numbers in the past four weeks, more female partners for men and more vaginal sex contacts for men. Analysis of sex differences comparing those for whom crack was the preferred versus non-preferred drug indicated that female crack users were significantly more likely to engage in oral sex. This supports previous ethnographic data suggesting that oral sex is a common mode of sex for drugs exchange in crack houses. In 7.4% of the total s le (14.4% of the crack-preferring s le), treatable STIs were detected. These data suggest that drug users generally, and crack-using populations in particular, in drug treatment programmes should be routinely screened for STIs as an integral part of drug treatment.
Evaluation of an assessment instrument for a sexual health curriculum for nurses and midwifery students in Tanzania: The sexual health education for professionals scale (SHEPS)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Process, efficacy and sample demographics of three approaches to behavioural surveillance for gonorrhoea: case interviews, place surveys, and network studies
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1258/095646207782716947
Abstract: We investigated the process and time required to collect 450 interviews in a project to determine the most efficacious behavioural surveillance approaches to detect changes in gonorrhoea prevalence. In total, 150 respondents were recruited in each method. For each of place surveys (bars), gonorrhoea case interviews, and network studies based on seeds from the case and place interviews, we determined the recruitment rate and process. Urine testing for gonorrhoea and chlamydia took place in the place interviews. We present data from Houston, Texas that illustrate the s le characteristics, recruitment rates, and, where appropriate, infection rates. Data indicate that there was high uptake and a rapid recruitment rate from the place surveys, an intermediate rate from the network studies, and that the gonorrhoea case interviews were the most inefficient accrual method for behavioural surveillance. S le characteristics and biases in each method are described, and conclusions drawn for the relative efficacy of each method for gonorrhoea behavioural surveillance.
Stigmatization of men who have sex with men in health care settings in East Africa is based more on perceived gender role-inappropriate mannerisms than having sex with men
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-09-2020
Perceived gender inequality, sexual communication self-efficacy, and sexual behaviour among female undergraduate students in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/SH11067
Abstract: Background Worldwide, the literature on sexual behaviour has documented associations between gender-based relationship inequality and sexual communication ability and the actual use of condoms or other contraceptives among young women. This study aimed to examine these associations among undergraduate female students in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1181 female third-year students from two universities in the Mekong Delta was conducted. Latent variable modelling and logistic regression were employed to examine the hypothesised associations. Results: Among the 72.4% of students who had ever had boyfriends, 44.8% indicated that their boyfriends had asked for sex, 13% had had penile–vaginal sex and 10.3% had had oral sex. For those who had had penile–vaginal sex, 33% did not use any contraceptive method, including condoms, during their first sexual intercourse. The greater a student’s perception that women were subordinate to men, the lower her self-efficacy for sexual communication and the lower her actual frequency of discussing safer sex matters and asking her partner to use a condom. Sexual communication self-efficacy was associated with actual contraceptive use (P = 0.039) but only marginally with condom use (P = 0.092) at first sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Sexual health promotion strategies should address the influence of gender relations on young women’s sexual communication self-efficacy and the subsequent impact on actual contraceptive and condom use.
The Mental Adjustment to HIV scale: measurement and dimensions of response to AIDS/HIV disease.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.1080/09540129408258655
Abstract: Attitudes of people with HIV disease towards HIV have seldom been measured. However, a well-established scale to measure attitudes toward cancer in those with the disease, the 38-item Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale was modified to assess adjustment to HIV disease. We administered the scale to 107 Australian men with HIV infection, of whom 36 had an AIDS-defining condition, who were patients at an ambulatory care facility and in a research study. The data were factor analyzed using a method identical to that used in the development of the MAC scale to determine the latent dimensions of attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. The Mental Adjustment to HIV scale (MAH) factor analysis revealed five factors: Helplessness-Hopelessness, Fighting Spirit, and Denial-Avoidance as in the original MAC scale, plus a Fatalism subscale which also measured Preoccupation, and a new subscale, which measured Belief in Influencing the Course of the Disease. Together, these five factors accounted for half of the variance. These data suggest that while there are similarities between mental attitude to cancer and mental attitude to HIV in the latent dimensions of the questionnaire items, there are also some differences. Most significant is the belief in people with HIV disease in being able to personally influence the course of the illness, and the combination of Preoccupation with Fatalism. The five subscales of the MAH scale had Cronbach's alpha reliabilities between 0.80 and 0.55. The MAH appears to be a useful way to measure total attitudes and subscale scores of people with HIV infection, including AIDS, to their disease.
Heroin and HIV risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Youth hangouts, mageto and injecting practices
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1080/09540120500120930
Abstract: HIV risk through needle sharing is now an emerging phenomenon in Africa. This article describes the practices that heroin users are producing as they establish the rules and organization surrounding their drug use. Their practices and interactions reveal the ways that they become initiated into its use, how they progress to injecting, and the important role of local neighbourhood hangouts in facilitating this process. Their practices, interactions and narratives also provide insights into what may be the most appropriate HIV-prevention interventions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted during the months of February and July 2003 with 51 male and female injectors residing in 8 neighbourhoods in the Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Interviews were content coded and codes were collapsed into emergent themes around hangout places, initiation of heroin use, and progression to injecting. Interviews reveal that Dar es Salaam injectors begin smoking heroin in hangout areas with their friends, either because of peer pressure, desire, or trickery. One hangout place in particular, referred to as the 'geto' (ghetto) is the main place where the organization and rules governing heroin use are produced. Three main types of heroin 'ghettoes' are operating in Dar es Salaam. As users build a tolerance for the drug they move along a continuum of practices until they begin to inject. Injecting heroin is a comparatively recent practice in Africa and coincides with: (1) Tanzania transitioning to becoming a heroin consuming community (2) the growing importance of youth culture (3) the technical innovation of injecting practices and the introduction and ease of use of white heroin and (4) heroin smokers, sniffers, and inhalers perceived need to escalate their use through a more effective and satisfying form of heroin ingestion.
Dimensions of Sexual Behaviour in Homosexual Men: Replicability across Time and Country
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1991
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.1991.68.2.607
Abstract: Data on sexual practices in the past two months were obtained from 176 Australian and 159 New Zealand homosexually active men. Factor analysis yielded three major underlying dimensions of homosexual behaviour in each s le, accounting for 53.4 and 54.0% of total variance at baseline and 55.1 and 62 1% at follow-up, respectively. These three dimensions represented unsafe sex involving predominantly anal activity, safe (oral and mutual masturbatory) sex without condoms, and safe anal sex with condoms and withdrawal. Comparison of the four matrices (two countries by two times), using Cattell's S index, indicated high stability of the factor structure across countries and times. These three dimensions of homosexual behaviour appear to represent consistent behavioural clusters across s les and times. They suggest that use of these dimensions in further research on homosexually active men is warranted and that homosexual activities cluster into a number of limited dimensions on which sexual behaviours are interrelated.
Essentialist beliefs, sexual identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity and psychological wellbeing in Gay Men
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1037/COU0000072
Abstract: The present study examined essentialist beliefs about sexual orientation and their implications for sexual identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity and psychological wellbeing in a s le of gay men. A combination of targeted s ling and snowball strategies were used to recruit 639 gay identifying men for a cross-sectional online survey. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing sexual orientation beliefs, sexual identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, and psychological wellbeing outcomes. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether essentialist beliefs were associated with psychological wellbeing indirectly via their effect on sexual identity uncertainty and internalized homonegativity. A unique pattern of direct and indirect effects was observed in which facets of essentialism predicted sexual identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity and psychological wellbeing. Of note, viewing sexual orientation as immutable/biologically based and as existing in discrete categories, were associated with less sexual identity uncertainty. On the other hand, these beliefs had ergent relationships with internalized homonegativity, with immutability/biological beliefs associated with lower, and discreteness beliefs associated with greater internalized homonegativity. Of interest, although sexual identity uncertainty was associated with poorer psychological wellbeing via its contribution to internalized homophobia, there was no direct relationship between identity uncertainty and psychological wellbeing. Findings indicate that essentializing sexual orientation has mixed implications for sexual identity uncertainty and internalized homonegativity and wellbeing in gay men. Those undertaking educational and clinical interventions with gay men should be aware of the benefits and of caveats of essentialist theories of homosexuality for this population.
Social and Behavioral Aspects of Male Homosexuality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1986
DOI: 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30938-5
Abstract: This article describes some of the social and behavioral aspects of homosexual life styles, with particular reference to their implications for diagnosis, treatment, and continuing medical management. The cultural, psychologic, and sexual variables that may necessitate varying the management of homosexual or bisexual men compared with heterosexual men are emphasized. Areas of psychosomatic involvement, and the influence of social support and stigmatization on presentation and response, are also discussed.
Medication Compliance and Satisfaction with Treatment for HIV Disease in a Sample of African-American Crack Cocaine Smokers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2004
Measurement and correlates of internalized homophobia: A factor analytic study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199601)52:1<15::AID-JCLP2>3.0.CO;2-V
Abstract: The systematic screening of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic in iduals is a powerful tool for controlling community transmission of infectious disease on college c uses. Faced with a paucity of testing in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities developed molecular diagnostic laboratories focused on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing on c us and in their broader communities. We established the UC Santa Cruz Molecular Diagnostic Lab in early April 2020 and began testing clinical s les just five weeks later. Using a clinically-validated laboratory developed test (LDT) that avoided supply chain constraints, an automated s le pooling and processing workflow, and a custom laboratory information management system (LIMS), we expanded testing from a handful of clinical s les per day to thousands per day with the testing capacity to screen our entire c us population twice per week. In this report we describe the technical, logistical, and regulatory processes that enabled our pop-up lab to scale testing and reporting capacity to thousands of tests per day.
Characteristics of Persons With Syphilis in Areas of Persisting Syphilis in the United States
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2001
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-200109000-00004
Abstract: In areas with persistent syphilis, to characterize persons at higher risk for transmitting syphilis. Cohort study. Structured interviews of persons with early syphilis from four research centers were linked to outcomes of partner tracing. Of 743 persons with syphilis, 229 (31%) reported two or more partners in the previous month, and 57 (8%) received money or drugs for sex in the previous three months. Persons with at least one partner at an earlier stage of syphilis than themselves were defined as transmitters 63 (8.5%) of persons with early syphilis met this definition. Having concurrent partners (two or more in one week in the last month) was independently associated with being a transmitter. Sexual network/behavioral characteristics of syphilis patients and their partners, such as concurrency, can help identify persons at higher risk for transmitting syphilis who should receive emphasis in disease prevention activities.
Applying an Expanded Social Determinant Approach to the Concept of Adherence to Treatment: The Case of Colombian Women Living With HIV/AIDS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.WHI.2010.09.003
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze social determinants that influence adherence among Colombian women living with HIV/AIDS in poverty conditions. A qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study was developed. Forty-seven women participated in five focus group discussions. Also, in-depth interviews with six women were conducted. Results showed that women with lower adherence sell their antiretroviral medication to satisfy economic needs, and prioritize the care of their HIV-positive children over their own adherence needs. In contrast, women with higher adherence were found to participate in social support groups offered by nongovernmental organizations. These findings underscore the need to understand the social determinants that facilitate and/or hinder adherence among women in poverty-associated conditions. Results indicate the need to facilitate access to treatment on a timely and continual basis provide economic resources, including support to meet basic needs as well as subsidies for transportation to health care centers and explore mechanism for supporting the care of their offspring.
Actions and Attitudes of Men who Have Sex With Men Under Past, Current, and Hypothetical Future Blood Donation Deferral Policies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.TMRV.2022.06.007
Abstract: Eligibility criteria for blood product donation are important for the safety of the blood supply, though many have called into question criteria that limit donations for men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Recently, in the U.S.A., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), decreased the 'deferral' period, the period in which one must abstain from sex, for MSM, from twelve months to three. This study examined the proportion of MSM respondents that donated blood under past and current deferral policies, as well as the proportion that would consider donating under hypothetical shorter deferral policies. To achieve this, an electronic survey was disseminated on social media platforms via virtual flier calling for participation from a self-selected convenience s le of the MSM community. Compared to either the 12-month or 3-month deferral policies, intent to donate blood was significantly higher in both alternative two week or no deferral policy scenarios. The majority of respondents who did donate did so without following deferral guidelines under both the 12-month and 3-month policies. There was no significant change in the proportion of those who donated against guidelines between the twelve- and three-month deferrals. While social media is an effective tool for survey work it poses significant risk for selection bias. Further studies with erse s ling are necessary to better elucidate blood production donation trends within the MSM community.
HIP HOP for HIV awareness: using hip hop culture to promote community-level HIV prevention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-12-2013
Sociodemographic and sexual behavior characteristics of an online MSM sample in Guangdong, China
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-10-2013
Comparisons of Socio-Political Attitudes Between Two Democratic Societies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1979
Biases in internet sexual health samples: Comparison of an internet sexuality survey and a national sexual health survey in Sweden
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2005.01.019
Abstract: The internet is becoming a favored technology for carrying out survey research, and particularly sexual health research. However, its utility is limited by unresolved s ling questions such as how biased internet s les may be. This paper addresses this issue through comparison of a 'gold standard' random selection population-based sexual survey (The Swedish Sexual Life Survey) with an internet-based survey in Sweden which used identical demographic, sexual and relationship questions, to ascertain the biases and degree of comparability between the recruitment methods. On the internet questionnaire, there were significant differences between males and females on all the measured indices. There were no significant differences in proportions of males and females, or nationality, between the two s les. However, the internet s les for both males and females were significantly more likely to be younger, originally from and currently living in a major city, better educated, and more likely to be students and less likely to be retired. Relationship variables were less likely to be significantly different between s les: there were no differences for males or females between the SSS and the internet s les on having been in a committed relationship, and how they met their present partner, nor for males in having discussed separation in the past year. However, there was a higher proportion of people attracted to the same sex, and higher numbers of sex partners (as well as a higher proportion of people reporting no sex) in the past year, in the internet s le. These data suggest that apart from the demographics of age, location, and education, currently being in a committed relationship, and the number of sex partners in the past year, internet s les are comparable for relationship characteristics and history with a national sexual life survey. Comparison of internet data with random survey data in other western countries should occur to determine if these patterns are replicated.
Condom Negotiation and Use Among Female Sex Workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2012
AIDS-Related Social Anxieties, Social Skills and Sexual Activities in Indian College Students
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-02-2000
Concordance Between Sexual Behavior and Sexual Identity in Street Outreach Samples of Four Racial/Ethnic Groups
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-200302000-00003
Abstract: There is a discrepancy between self-reported sexual identity and sexual behavior. The magnitude of this discrepancy is unclear, as is its variation across race/ethnicity and gender. The goal of the study was to assess the range of discrepancy in self-reported sexual identity and sexual behavior in men and women of four racial/ethnic groups. Self-reported data on sexual identity (homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual) and sexual behavior in the past 3 months were collected from 1494 African American, Hispanic, Asian, and white men and women in public congregation places in Houston, Texas. Data indicated that concordance rates between self-reported sexual identity and sexual behavior varied widely across racial/ethnic groups, with the highest rates of concordance in Asian males and females and the lowest in African American females and white males. The largest discordant category was in those self-described heterosexuals who reported partners of both genders. Breakdown of data to exclude those who reported sex trade work or illegal sources of income improved the concordance rates for African American and Hispanic subs les. Data indicate the importance of designing and targeting HIV risk interventions and clinical screening, based on behavior and not reported sexual identity.
Structural Validation and Multiple Group Assessment of the Short Internalized Homonegativity Scale in Homosexual and Bisexual Men in 38 European Countries: Results From the European MSM Internet Surve
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-10-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1380158
Abstract: Internalized homonegativity (IH) is the internalization of negative attitudes and assumptions about homosexual people by homosexual people themselves. To measure IH, Smolenski, Diamond, Ross, and Rosser (2010) and Ross, Rosser, and Smolenski (2010) revised the Reactions to Homosexuality Scale (RHS) to develop the Short Internalized Homonegativity Scale (SIHS) with eight items. Using the European Men Who Have Sex With Men Internet Survey (EMIS) data, with an analytic s le of 130,718 gay and bisexual men in 38 European countries, we confirmed the validity of the SIHS scale in both training and validation data, in strata of Ross, Berg, et al.'s (2013) three "homosexual discrimination" country clusters, of age, and of education level. However, the performance was less adequate in comparison of gay versus bisexually identified in iduals. The latent SIHS structure contains only minor variations across these three strata. The seven-item scale performed as well as the eight-item scale. The SIHS is a promising candidate for standard IH measures, which is invariant across cultural, age, and educational strata.
Sexual Activity in HIV-Positive African American Crack Cocaine Smokers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2010
Training people with HIV disease for involvement in community planning process: Project LEAP
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1016/S1055-3290(96)80023-9
Abstract: Social and political pressure, as well as public health theory, mandate inclusion of PLWHIV in community planning and policy development processes. Barriers to PLWHIV participation may be cognitive, instrumental, and/or affective. The authors report on development, implementation, and initial evaluation of a pilot project testing a psychoeducational intervention to increase organizational participation by people with HIV. Organizational participation by in idual increased from a mean of 0.5 organizations at entry to 2.3 at follow-up. Evaluation data indicate that increases in self-esteem, self-confidence, and specific knowledge, along with demystification of organizational operations, networking, and modeling by project staff contributed to the outcome.
Environmental Influences on Safer Sex in Young Gay Men: A Situational Presentation Approach to Measuring Influences on Sexual Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2004
Factors associated with HIV testing in men who have sex with men, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 28-06-2012
A CBPR Partnership Increases HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): Outcome Findings From a Pilot Test of the CyBER/testing Internet Intervention
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-03-2011
Abstract: The Internet has emerged as an important tool for the delivery of health promotion and disease prevention interventions. Our community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership developed and piloted CyBER/testing, a culturally congruent intervention designed to promote HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) within existing Internet chat rooms. Using a quasi-experimental, single-group study design, cross-sectional data were collected from chat room participants, known as “chatters,” at pretest ( n = 346) and posttest ( n = 315). Extant profile data also were collected to describe the demographics of the online population. The intervention significantly increased self-reported HIV testing among chatters overall, increasing rates from 44.5% at pretest to nearly 60% at posttest ( p .001). Furthermore, chatters who reported having both male and female sexual partners had nearly 6 times the odds of reporting HIV testing at posttest. Findings suggest that chat room—based HIV testing intervention may increase testing among MSM who may be difficult to reach in traditional physical spaces.
Prevalence of non‐medical drug use and dependence among homosexually active men and women in the US population
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2004
Related Organisations
University Of Cambridge
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Michael W. Ross.