ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9922-2815
Current Organisation
University of Cambridge
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-07-2012
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYS086
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-11-2018
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-03-2018
Abstract: Eukaryotic centromeres contain the kinetochore, which connects chromosomes to the spindle allowing segregation. During meiosis, centromeres are suppressed for inter-homolog crossover, as recombination in these regions can cause chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. Plant centromeres are surrounded by transposon-dense pericentromeric heterochromatin that is epigenetically silenced by histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), and DNA methylation in CG and non-CG sequence contexts. However, the role of these chromatin modifications in control of meiotic recombination in the pericentromeres is not fully understood. Here, we show that disruption of Arabidopsis thaliana H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation pathways, for ex le, via mutation of the H3K9 methyltransferase genes KYP/SUVH4 SUVH5 SUVH6 , or the CHG DNA methyltransferase gene CMT3 , increases meiotic recombination in proximity to the centromeres. Using immunocytological detection of MLH1 foci and genotyping by sequencing of recombinant plants, we observe that H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation pathway mutants show increased pericentromeric crossovers. Increased pericentromeric recombination in H3K9me2/non-CG mutants occurs in hybrid and inbred backgrounds and likely involves contributions from both the interfering and noninterfering crossover repair pathways. We also show that meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) increase in H3K9me2/non-CG mutants within the pericentromeres, via purification and sequencing of SPO11-1-oligonucleotides. Therefore, H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation exert a repressive effect on both meiotic DSB and crossover formation in plant pericentromeric heterochromatin. Our results may account for selection of enhancer trap Dissociation ( Ds ) transposons into the CMT3 gene by recombination with proximal transposon launch-pads.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S42003-021-02214-X
Abstract: Alterations in maternal physiological adaptation during pregnancy lead to complications, including abnormal birthweight and gestational diabetes. Maternal adaptations are driven by placental hormones, although the full identity of these is lacking. This study unbiasedly characterized the secretory output of mouse placental endocrine cells and examined whether these data could identify placental hormones important for determining pregnancy outcome in humans. Secretome and cell peptidome analyses were performed on cultured primary trophoblast and fluorescence-activated sorted endocrine trophoblasts from mice and a placental secretome map was generated. Proteins secreted from the placenta were detectable in the circulation of mice and showed a higher relative abundance in pregnancy. Bioinformatic analyses showed that placental secretome proteins are involved in metabolic, immune and growth modulation, are largely expressed by human placenta and several are dysregulated in pregnancy complications. Moreover, proof-of-concept studies found that secreted placental proteins (sFLT1/MIF and ANGPT2/MIF ratios) were increased in women prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Thus, placental secretome analysis could lead to the identification of new placental biomarkers of pregnancy complications.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Xiaohui Zhao.