ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7534-0083
Current Organisations
University of Queensland
,
James Cook University
,
Portland District Health
,
University of East Anglia
,
Australian International Rural Medical Education
,
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
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Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-16386
Abstract: The continuous population and economy growth demands more energy, currently provided predominantly by burning of fossil fuels. However, the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the detrimental environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels are driving the public opinion and governments towards renewable energy (RE) sources. Solar and wind power are the most promising, but its reliability is shadowed by their weather dependence. Hydrogen is considered as a very promising energy carrier which can overcome the limitations of the existing RE sources. Producing hydrogen at the solar panel fields or incorporating water electrolysers within wind turbines will smooth the energy supply, and even reduce the energy transport. If the hydrogen economy takes effect as anticipated, then the hydrogen impact on the climate needs to be re-assessed. In order to simulate future hydrogen concentrations, it is necessary to build a model which can simulate present day hydrogen emissions and sinks, and resultant atmospheric concentrations, which are currently infrequently measured. Building a history of hydrogen measurements opens up possibilities in the future to determine background and pre-existing hydrogen sources, and gives a baseline before the switch to a hydrogen economy.Historically, Reduction Gas Analysers (RGA) were the workhorse in the laboratory and field, where reductive gasses like hydrogen or carbon monoxide release mercury gas by passing along a heated solid mercuric oxide bed, which in turn is analysed by ultraviolet (UV) absorption. The method is well established but lacks linear response and stability. CSIRO is working on novel methods for more accurate and precise hydrogen measurement. The Pulsed Discharge Helium Ionization Detector, or simply PDD, is an alternative to the RGA. CSIRO has been operating a PDD for hydrogen at Cape Grim (along with the classic RGA) for 7.5 years using shared calibration tanks. The mean difference between them (50,000+ matched data points, when pollution events are removed) is just 0.02 ppb, proving PDD& #8217 s incredible compatibility with the established RGA technique. The PDD also has a demonstrated superior precision and linearity compared to the RGA. Another two PDD systems are operational at Aspendale measuring urban hydrogen since 2019 and 2021. The later one is to be deployed at the CSIRO Clayton site, where Aspendale will relocate to in 2025. Another PDD system is in a development stage, able to measure not just hydrogen, but many other atmospheric gases (CH4, CO2, N2O, Kr, Xe). The inability of optical instruments to measure hydrogen (homonuclear diatomic molecule) will mean that there will be an increased demand for RGA or PDD measurements of hydrogen in the future.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ANAE.14612
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S40981-020-00360-5
Abstract: Pulmonary aspiration under anaesthesia is a feared complication. It is likely that the incidence of aspiration occurring during procedural sedation is underreported although rare, fatalities do occur. The supine position increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration in gastrointestinal endoscopy during procedural sedation. Immediate oral endotracheal intubation has traditionally been the cornerstone of management for aspiration during anaesthesia however, this may not be always beneficial when aspiration occurs during procedural sedation. To my knowledge, this is the first case report of aspiration pneumonitis resulting from surgical repositioning during colonoscopy under procedural sedation. A 72-year-old female underwent elective outpatient diagnostic colonoscopy. Intravenous propofol infusion was commenced for the procedural sedation. A large amount of non-particulate vomitus was expelled from the oropharynx as the patient was repositioned from the left lateral to supine position. Oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry immediately dropped to below 90% during the event. The patient was managed successfully without oral endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesiologists need to be mindful of factors that raise the risk of aspiration during procedural sedation. Gastrointestinal endoscopy poses a higher risk of aspiration than other procedures, and positional change may be a precipitant. Aspiration that occurs during procedural sedation may be more safely managed by avoiding immediate oral endotracheal intubation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PAN.13966
Publisher: Weston Medical Publishing
Date: 03-2023
Abstract: Background: Injection of local anesthetic for surgical procedures on the skin of the nose under intravenous sedation can provoke sneezing, which can be hazardous to the patient, surgeon, and other staff. Yet, there is little information on factors that influence sneezing under these circumstances. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of adding fentanyl to propofol-based sedation on the incidence of sneezing during local anesthetic injection on the nose for plastic surgery.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 32 patients who had undergone plastic surgery procedures on the nose under local anesthetic with intravenous sedation.Results: Twenty-two patients received fentanyl in addition to propofol. Of these, only two patients sneezed (9.1 percent). In contrast, nine out of the 10 patients who did not receive fentanyl sneezed (90 percent). This included two patients who had received midazolam and propofol.Conclusions: These findings indicate that there was a high rate of sneezing during nasal local anesthetic injections performed under propofol-based intravenous sedation, unless the sedation was supplemented with fentanyl. We now recommend the coadministration of fentanyl during nasal local anesthetic injections under propofol-based sedation. Further studies are required to determine whether this observation is related to the depth of sedation alone, or whether the reduction in sneezing is related to the coadministration of an opioid. Further studies should also investigate potential side effects of coadministration of fentanyl or other opioids.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ANAE.14333
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 25-01-2021
Abstract: We demonstrate the need to detect and track unexpected substances in the atmosphere and to locate their sources. Here, we report on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that have no known end-uses. HCFC-132b ( C H 2 C l C C l F 2 ) is newly discovered in the global atmosphere. We identify East Asia as the dominant source region for global emissions of this compound and of HCFC-133a ( C H 2 C l C F 3 ). We also quantify global emissions of HCFC-31 ( C H 2 ClF). These compounds are most likely emitted as intermediate by-products of chemical production processes. The early discovery and identification of such unexpected emissions can identify the related industrial practices and help to develop and manage environmental policies to reduce unwanted and potentially harmful emissions before the scale of the problem becomes more costly to mitigate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2013.03.003
Abstract: Stigmatisation towards depression has previously been reported amongst medical students from a variety of backgrounds. This study explored personal and perceived stigmas associated with depression, and their relationship with demographics, knowledge of depression, levels of personal stress and history of medical illness amongst Australian-trained medical students. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken amongst students enroled June-to-August 2009 across four Australian medical schools. In total, 1010 students completed the survey, a response rate of 29.6%. Approximately 25% of students reported a past history of depression. Higher stress (K-10 scores) was reported by females and those with a past history of depression. On a scale of 0-to-5, the mean (±S.D.) personal and perceived stigma depression scores were 1.83±1.49 and 4.05±1.42 respectively. In multivariate analysis, higher perceived stigma and K-10 scores, a past history of anxiety and Year 3 of medical school indicated higher personal stigma scores. Perceived stigma was positively associated with K-10 scores, personal stigma scores, and a Caucasian background. Our findings suggest a high level of personal and particularly perceived stigma associated with depression amongst medical students, especially those displaying higher levels of stress. Adequate support and screening for psychological stress may de-stigmatise depression and improve mental health amongst future Australian doctors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATHORACSUR.2008.06.074
Abstract: Complicated type B aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition. For the last decade, endovascular stent-graft placement has been increasingly used to treat this condition. We undertook a summary analysis of published studies reporting the outcome of stent-grafts to treat complicated type B dissection. Studies were identified from a literature search using the MEDLINE database, and included studies when 10 or more patients were reported and at least in-hospital mortality was presented. A total of 942 patients were included from 29 studies. All patients were reported to have complications requiring intervention (hypotension in 17%). In-hospital mortality was 9% and other major complications (ie, stroke, paraplegia, conversion to type A dissection, bowel infarction, major utation) occurred in 8.1%. Long-term follow-up was limited to a mean of 20 months. During this time, reintervention was required in 10.4% and aortic rupture was reported in 0.8%. Endovascular treatment of complicated acute type B aortic dissection seems to provide favorable initial outcomes and would seem to be a great addition to the treatment options for this condition. Further study of long-term outcomes is required.
Location: North Macedonia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Blagoj Mitrevski.