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0000-0002-9667-3271
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-1986
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 12-06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1977
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-12-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.759242
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-02-1993
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-04-1988
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1029/GM114P0019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1987
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00877027
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1007/BFB0062527
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 06-09-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FMICB.2021.733631
Abstract: Cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) are notoriously successful invaders: from 101 in iduals brought to Australia in 1935, poisonous toads now cover an area & .2 million km 2 with adverse effects on native fauna. Despite extensive research on the role of macroparasites in cane toad invasion, viral research is lagging. We compared viral prevalence and ersity between toads in their native range (French Guiana, n =25) and two introduced ranges: Australia ( n =151) and Hawai’i ( n =10) with a metatranscriptomic and metagenomic approach combined with PCR screening. Australian toads almost exclusively harbor one of seven viruses detected globally. Rhimavirus-A ( Picornaviridae ) exhibited low genetic ersity and likely actively infected 9% of s led Australian toads extending across ~2,000km of Northern Australia and up to the current invasion front. In native range cane toads, we identified multiple phylogenetically distinct viruses ( Iridoviridae , Picornaviridae , Papillomaviridae , and Nackedna-like virus). None of the same viruses was detected in both ranges, suggesting that Australian cane toads have largely escaped the viral infection experienced by their native range counterparts. The novel native range viruses described here are potential biocontrol agents, as Australian toads likely lack prior immunological exposure to these viruses. Overall, our evidence suggests that there may be differences between viruses infecting cane toads in their native vs. introduced ranges, which lays the groundwork for further studies on how these viruses have influenced the toads’ invasion history.
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 1993
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-07-1974
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1985
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-1997
DOI: 10.1029/96JD03382
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-05-1986
Publisher: Australian Mathematical Publishing Association, Inc.
Date: 10-10-2011
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1999
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-05-1987
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-1977
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-03-1994
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-05-1998
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-10-2018
DOI: 10.3390/V10100548
Abstract: For the past two decades, norovirus pandemic variants have emerged every 3–5 years, and dominate until they are replaced by alternate strains. However, this scenario changed in 2016 with the co-circulation of six prevalent viruses, three of which possessed the pandemic GII.4 Sydney 2012 capsid. An increased number of institutional gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported within the Oceania region in mid-2017. This study identified emerging noroviruses circulating in Australia and New Zealand in 2017 to assess the changing dynamics of the virus infection. RT-PCR-based methods, next generation sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were used to genotype noroviruses from both clinical and wastewater s les. Antigenic changes were observed between the capsid of pandemic Sydney 2012 variant and the two new Sydney recombinant viruses. The combination of these antigenic changes and the acquisition of a new ORF1 through recombination could both facilitate their ongoing persistence in the population. Overall, an increased prevalence of GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012 viruses was observed in 2017, replacing the GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant that dominated in the region at the end of 2016. This shift in strain dominance was also observed in wastewater s les, demonstrating the reliability of wastewater as a molecular surveillance tool.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-08-1974
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1029/2002GB001876
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-1987
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-03-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Many metrics for comparing greenhouse gas emissions can be expressed as an instantaneous global warming potential multiplied by the ratio of airborne fractions calculated in various ways. The forcing equivalent index (FEI) provides a specification for equal radiative forcing at all times at the expense of generally precluding point-by-point equivalence over time. The FEI can be expressed in terms of asymptotic airborne fractions for exponentially growing emissions. This provides a reference against which other metrics can be compared. Four other equivalence metrics are evaluated in terms of how closely they match the timescale dependence of FEI, with methane referenced to carbon dioxide used as an ex le. The 100-year global warming potential overestimates the long-term role of methane, while metrics based on rates of change overestimate the short-term contribution. A recently proposed metric based on differences between methane emissions 20 years apart provides a good compromise. Analysis of the timescale dependence of metrics expressed as Laplace transforms leads to an alternative metric that gives closer agreement with FEI at the expense of considering methane over longer time periods. The short-term behaviour, which is important when metrics are used for emissions trading, is illustrated with simple ex les for the four metrics.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-12-2005
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-05-1989
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1999
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1999
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-1975
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-1978
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1002/ENV.910
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-10-2016
DOI: 10.1117/12.2241280
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1985
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1988
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 09-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1979
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-1974
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-10-2002
DOI: 10.1029/2001GB001593
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-07-1996
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-01-2019
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 11-09-1985
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01112757
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-03-1974
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1976
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 1975
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1991
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-1977
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 02-12-2019
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-07-2012
DOI: 10.5194/ACPD-12-17773-2012
Abstract: Abstract. Firn air transport models are used to interpret measurements of the composition of air in firn and bubbles trapped in ice in order to reconstruct past atmospheric composition. The diffusivity profile in the firn is usually calibrated by comparing modelled and measured concentrations for tracers with known atmospheric history. However, in some cases this is an under-determined inverse problem, often with multiple solutions giving an adequate fit to the data (this is known as equifinality). Here we describe a method to estimate the firn diffusivity profile that allows multiple solutions to be identified, in order to quantify the uncertainty in diffusivity due to equifinality. We then look at how well different combinations of tracers constrain the firn diffusivity profile. Tracers with rapid atmospheric variations like CH3CCl3, HFCs and 14CO2 are most useful for constraining molecular diffusivity, while δ15N2 is useful for constraining parameters related to convective mixing near the surface. When errors in the observations are small and Gaussian, three carefully selected tracers are able to constrain the molecular diffusivity profile well with minimal equifinality. However, with realistic data errors or additional processes to constrain, there is benefit to including as many tracers as possible to reduce the uncertainties. We calculate CO2 age distributions and their spectral widths with uncertainties for five firn sites (NEEM, DE08-2, DSSW20K, South Pole 1995 and South Pole 2001) with quite different characteristics and tracers available for calibration. We recommend moving away from the use of a single firn model with one calibrated parameter set to infer atmospheric histories, and instead suggest using multiple parameter sets, preferably with multiple representations of uncertain processes, to allow quantification of the uncertainties.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-08-2016
DOI: 10.5194/GMD-2016-169
Abstract: Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high levels compared to pre-industrial reconstructions over the last 800,000 years. Those elevated greenhouse gas concentrations warm the planet and together with net cooling effects by aerosols, they are the reason of observed climate change over the past 150 years. An accurate representation of those concentrations is hence important to understand and model recent and future climate change. So far, community efforts to create composite datasets with seasonal and latitudinal information have focused on marine boundary layer conditions and recent trends since 1980s. Here, we provide consolidated data sets of historical atmospheric (volume) mixing ratios of 43 greenhouse gases specifically for the purpose of climate model runs. The presented datasets are based on AGAGE and NOAA networks and a large set of literature studies. In contrast to previous intercomparisons, the new datasets are latitudinally resolved, and include seasonality over the period between year 0 to 2014. We assimilate data for CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), 5 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 3 hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), 16 hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 3 halons, methyl bromide (CH3Br), 3 perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen triflouride (NF3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2). We estimate 1850 annual and global mean surface mixing ratios of CO2 at 284.3 ppmv, CH4 at 808.2 ppbv and N2O at 273.0 ppbv and quantify the seasonal and hemispheric gradients of surface mixing ratios. Compared to earlier intercomparisons, the stronger implied radiative forcing in the northern hemisphere winter (due to the latitudinal gradient and seasonality) may help to improve the skill of climate models to reproduce past climate and thereby reduce uncertainty in future projections.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-02-2013
Abstract: Abstract. Firn air transport models are used to interpret measurements of the composition of air in firn and bubbles trapped in ice in order to reconstruct past atmospheric composition. The diffusivity profile in the firn is usually calibrated by comparing modelled and measured concentrations for tracers with known atmospheric history. However, in most cases this is an under-determined inverse problem, often with multiple solutions giving an adequate fit to the data (this is known as equifinality). Here we describe a method to estimate the firn diffusivity profile that allows multiple solutions to be identified, in order to quantify the uncertainty in diffusivity due to equifinality. We then look at how well different combinations of tracers constrain the firn diffusivity profile. Tracers with rapid atmospheric variations like CH3CCl3, HFCs and 14CO2 are most useful for constraining molecular diffusivity, while & delta:15N2 is useful for constraining parameters related to convective mixing near the surface. When errors in the observations are small and Gaussian, three carefully selected tracers are able to constrain the molecular diffusivity profile well with minimal equifinality. However, with realistic data errors or additional processes to constrain, there is benefit to including as many tracers as possible to reduce the uncertainties. We calculate CO2 age distributions and their spectral widths with uncertainties for five firn sites (NEEM, DE08-2, DSSW20K, South Pole 1995 and South Pole 2001) with quite different characteristics and tracers available for calibration. We recommend moving away from the use of a firn model with one calibrated parameter set to infer atmospheric histories, and instead suggest using multiple parameter sets, preferably with multiple representations of uncertain processes, to assist in quantification of the uncertainties.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1979
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-1975
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1996
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-1993
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-2010
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-1990
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 03-1989
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1996
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-06-1990
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-05-1992
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 24-11-2009
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 04-1991
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-1977
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-09-2018
DOI: 10.3390/RS10091407
Abstract: Characterizing the land surface temperature (LST) and its diurnal cycle is important in understanding a range of surface properties, including soil moisture status, evaporative response, vegetation stress and ground heat flux. While remote-sensing platforms present a number of options to retrieve this variable, there are inevitable compromises between the resolvable spatial and temporal resolution. For instance, the spatial resolution of geostationary satellites, which can provide sub-hourly LST, is often too coarse (3 km) for many applications. On the other hand, higher-resolution polar orbiting satellites are generally infrequent in time, with return intervals on the order of weeks, limiting their capacity to capture surface dynamics. With recent developments in the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), there is now the opportunity to collect LST measurements on demand and at ultra-high spatial resolution. Here, we detail the collection and analysis of a UAV-based LST dataset, with the purpose of examining the diurnal surface temperature response: something that has not been possible from traditional satellite platforms at these scales. Two separate c aigns were conducted over a bare desert surface in combination with either Rhodes grass or a recently harvested maize field. In both cases, thermal imagery was collected between 0800 and 1700 local solar time. The UAV-based diurnal cycle was consistent with ground-based measurements, with a mean correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.99 and 0.68 °C, respectively. LST retrieved over the grass surface presented the best results, with an RMSE of 0.45 °C compared to 0.67 °C for the single desert site and 1.28 °C for the recently harvested maize surface. Even considering the orders of magnitude difference in scale, an exploratory analysis comparing retrievals of the UAV-based diurnal cycle with METEOSAT geostationary data yielded pleasing results (R = 0.98 RMSE = 1.23 °C). Overall, our analysis revealed a diurnal range over the desert and maize surfaces of ~20 °C and ~17 °C respectively, while the grass showed a reduced litude of ~12 °C. Considerable heterogeneity was observed over the grass surface at the peak of the diurnal cycle, which was likely indicative of the varying crop water status. To our knowledge, this study presents the first spatially varying analysis of the diurnal LST captured at ultra-high resolution, from any remote platform. Our findings highlight the considerable potential to utilize UAV-based retrievals to enhance investigations across multi-disciplinary studies in agriculture, hydrology and land-atmosphere investigations.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF01092978
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1986
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-01-2021
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1982
DOI: 10.1007/BF00118260
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-01-2021
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-01-2021
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-01-2021
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-07-1989
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-11-2008
DOI: 10.3390/E10040556
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1973
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1989
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-1975
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-1975
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 04-02-1987
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1986
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1996
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-1980
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1983
DOI: 10.1038/302692A0
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-1984
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 02-1991
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-10-2020
DOI: 10.5194/ACP-2020-996
Abstract: Abstract. Many metrics for comparing greenhouse gas emissions can be expressed as an instantaneous Global Warming Potential multiplied by the ratio of airborne fractions calculated in various ways. The Forcing Equivalent Index (FEI) provides a specification for equal radiative forcing at all times at the expense of generally precluding point by point equivalence over time. The FEI can be expressed in terms of asymptotic airborne fractions for exponentially growing emissions. This provides a reference against which other metrics can be compared.
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 02-1986
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1991
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1975
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2769
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1996
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-11-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1975
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1980
DOI: 10.1007/BF01012867
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1992
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JFD.13602
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2009
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-11-1974
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-02-2012
Abstract: Abstract. Characterisation of regional carbon budgets and processes (the overall task addressed in this series of articles) is inherently a statistical task. In full form this means that almost all quantities used or produced are realizations or instances of probability distributions. We usually compress the description of these distributions by using some kind of location parameter (e.g. the mean) and some measure of spread or uncertainty (e.g. the standard deviation). Characterising and calculating these uncertainties, and their structure in space and time, is as important as the location parameter but uncertainties are both harder to calculate and harder to interpret. In this paper we describe the various classes of uncertainty that arise in a process like RECCAP and describe how they interact in formal estimation procedures. We also point out the impact these uncertainties will have on the various RECCAP synthesis activities.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1978
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1982
DOI: 10.1007/BF01012610
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-1993
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-04-1974
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 11-1987
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-05-1977
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-04-1987
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-1978
DOI: 10.2307/1427008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1972
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 02-1995
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1995
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1071/PH780383
Abstract: Series expansions are used to investigate a three-state Potts model which has two-site interactions on the bonds of a triangular lattice and three-site interactions on alternate triangles. Although some of the exponent estimates show variations with interaction strengths, the assumption of scaling constrains the permitted exponent values to such an extent that the possible variations lie within the ranges of uncertainty of in idual exponent estimates.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-12-1994
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1973
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900581
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-1973
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 2003
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-04-1985
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-1974
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00878407
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-1980
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 13-11-2019
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 06-09-2021
DOI: 10.1071/MA21036
Abstract: Genomic viral integrations, termed endogenous viral elements (EVEs), are fragments of viruses in host chromosomes that provide information about viral evolution and could even help protect the host from infection. In the present study we examined EVEs in thirteen different Australian marsupial species to identify trends in their integration, commonality and to investigate their possible cellular function. We found that marsupial EVEs are commonly derived from viruses of the Bornaviridae, Filoviridae and Parvoviridae families, and circulated up to 160 million years ago. We also show the EVEs are actively transcribed into both long and short RNA molecules in marsupials, and propose they are involved in a cellular defence mechanism to protect the germline from viral genomic invasion.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-1980
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-11-2019
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-1980
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 07-10-2019
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 2006
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-10-2019
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1987
Publisher: Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.2172/10176480
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1984
DOI: 10.1007/BF00212633
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1988
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1987
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-11-1994
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 08-05-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1996
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 1986
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-08-2018
DOI: 10.3390/V10080433
Abstract: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a major cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats, with widespread distribution in the feline population. Recently, virulent systemic diseases caused by FCV infection has been associated with mortality rates up to 50%. Currently, there are no direct-acting antivirals approved for the treatment of FCV infection. Here, we tested 15 compounds from different antiviral classes against FCV using in vitro protein and cell culture assays. After the expression of FCV protease-polymerase protein, we established two in vitro assays to assess the inhibitory activity of compounds directly against the FCV protease or polymerase. Using this recombinant enzyme, we identified quercetagetin and PPNDS as inhibitors of FCV polymerase activity (IC50 values of 2.8 μM and 2.7 μM, respectively). We also demonstrate the inhibition of FCV protease activity by GC376 (IC50 of 18 µM). Using cell culture assays, PPNDS, quercetagetin and GC376 did not display antivirals effects, however, we identified nitazoxanide and 2′-C-methylcytidine (2CMC) as potent inhibitors of FCV replication, with EC50 values in the low micromolar range (0.6 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively). In conclusion, we established two in vitro assays that will accelerate the research for FCV antivirals and can be used for the high-throughput screening of direct-acting antivirals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-02-1988
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1979
DOI: 10.1007/BF01008694
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 02-1985
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1998
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-08-1973
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1987
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 07-1987
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-09-2017
DOI: 10.3390/RS9100988
Abstract: The land surface temperature (LST) represents a critical element in efforts to characterize global surface energy and water fluxes, as well as being an essential climate variable in its own right. Current satellite platforms provide a range of spatial and temporal resolution radiance data from which LST can be determined. One of the most complete records of data comes via the Landsat series of satellites, which provide a continuous sequence that extends back to 1982. However, for much of this time, Landsat thermal data were provided through a single broadband thermal channel, making surface temperature retrieval challenging. To fully exploit the valuable time-series of thermal information that is available from these satellites requires efforts to better describe and understand the accuracy of temperature retrievals. Here, we contribute to these efforts by examining the impact of atmospheric correction on the estimation of LST, using atmospheric profiles derived from a range of in-situ, reanalysis, and satellite data. Radiance data from the thermal infrared (TIR) sensor onboard Landsat 8 was converted to LST by using the MODTRAN version 5.2 radiative transfer model, allowing the production of an LST time series based upon 28 Landsat overpasses. LST retrievals were then evaluated against in-situ thermal measurements collected over an arid zone farmland comprising both bare soil and vegetated surface types. Atmospheric profiles derived from AIRS, MOD07, ECMWF, NCEP, and balloon-based radiosonde data were used to drive the MODTRAN simulations. In addition to examining the direct impact of using various profile data on LST retrievals, randomly distributed errors were introduced into a range of forcing variables to better understand retrieval uncertainty. Results indicated differences in LST of up to 1 K for perturbations in emissivity and profile measurements, with the analysis also highlighting the challenges in modeling aerosol optical depth (AOD) over arid lands and its impact on the TIR bands. Days with high AOD content (AOD 0.5) in the evaluation study seem to consistently underestimate in-situ LSTs by 1–2 K, suggesting that MODTRAN is unable to accurately simulate the aerosol conditions for the TIR bands. Comparisons between available in-situ and Landsat 8 derived LST illustrate a range of seasonal and land surface dynamics and provide an assessment of retrieval accuracy throughout the nine-month long study period. In terms of the choice of atmospheric profile, when excluding the in-situ data, results show a mean absolute range of between 1.2 K to 1.8 K over bare soil and 3.3 K to 3.8 K over alfalfa for the different meteorological forcing, with the AIRS profile providing the best reproduction over the studied arid land irrigation region.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-1973
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1990
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 09-1996
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF00053668
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-06-1983
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-09-1987
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1989
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-04-1993
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.1038/315654A0
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-11-1973
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-02-2000
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-12-1997
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-09-1994
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 1986
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-09-2021
Abstract: Due to their highly hydrophilic nature and compositional versatility, hydrogels have assumed a protagonic role in the development of physiologically relevant tissues for several biomedical applications, such as in vivo tissue replacement or regeneration and in vitro disease modeling. By forming interconnected polymeric networks, hydrogels can be loaded with therapeutic agents, small molecules, or cells to deliver them locally to specific tissues or act as scaffolds for hosting cellular development. Hydrogels derived from decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs), in particular, have gained significant attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their inherently high biomimetic capabilities and endowment of a wide variety of bioactive cues capable of directing cellular behavior. However, these hydrogels often exhibit poor mechanical stability, and their biological properties alone are not enough to direct the development of tissue constructs with functional phenotypes. This review highlights the different ways in which external stimuli (e.g., light, thermal, mechanical, electric, magnetic, and acoustic) have been employed to improve the performance of dECM-based hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Specifically, we outline how these stimuli have been implemented to improve their mechanical stability, tune their microarchitectural characteristics, facilitate tissue morphogenesis and enable precise control of drug release profiles. The strategic coupling of the bioactive features of dECM-based hydrogels with these stimulation schemes grants considerable advances in the development of functional hydrogels for a wide variety of applications within these fields.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-1977
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF00053775
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-03-2017
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1990
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 02-08-2012
Abstract: Abstract. Characterisation of estimates of regional carbon budgets and processes is inherently a statistical task. In full form this means that almost all quantities used or produced are realizations or instances of probability distributions. We usually compress the description of these distributions by using some kind of location parameter (e.g. the mean) and some measure of spread or uncertainty (e.g. the standard deviation). Characterising and calculating these uncertainties, and their structure in space and time, is as important as the location parameter, but uncertainties are both hard to calculate and hard to interpret. In this paper we describe the various classes of uncertainty that arise in a process like RECCAP and describe how they interact in formal estimation procedures. We also point out the impact these uncertainties will have on the various RECCAP synthesis activities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1991
DOI: 10.1038/349468A0
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 20-06-0001
Abstract: The critical role of trace gases in global atmospheric change makes an improved understanding of these gases imperative. Measurements of the distributions of these gases in space and time provide important information, but the interpretation of this information often involves ill-conditioned model inversions. A variety of techniques have therefore been developed to analyze these problems. Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport is the first book to give comprehensive coverage of work on this topic. The trace gas inversion problem is presented in general terms and the various different approaches are unified by treating the inversion problem as one of statistical estimation. Later chapters demonstrate the application of these methods to studies of carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and other gases implicated in global climate change. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers embarking upon studies of global atmospheric change, biogeochemical cycles and Earth systems science.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2003
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-1977
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-1975
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 04-1989
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-08-2019
DOI: 10.5194/ESD-2019-41
Abstract: Abstract. The influence of climatic change on the carbon cycle is important as part of a CO2-climate feedback loop. However the magnitude of the coupling depends on the timescales involved. We expand on previous analyses of the ice-core CO2 data from the pre-industrial period 1000–1750, extending the analysis into the 20th century. Our results emphasise the limitations of characterising the climate-to-CO2 influence by a single number γ. Even once a time-scale dependence is incorporated, the coldest part of the Little Ice Age seems to reflect different behaviour to that in earlier or later centuries. Different temperature reconstructions appear to capture distinct aspects of pre-industrial climate fluctuations that lacked global coherence. An exploratory study extends the analysis into the industrial period. In this study, most paleo-temperature data fail to fit the plateau (or plateaus) in 20th century ice-core CO2, with one particular reconstruction as an exception. One interpretation of this fit is that although the reconstruction does not closely reflect hemispheric temperature changes, it s les a pattern of variation where the terrestrial carbon exchange is anomalously sensitive to regional climate variations. These various results suggest that this type of empirical study may have limited applicability to the 21st century.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1038/373326A0
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-1978
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1971
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-1980
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-1978
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1981
DOI: 10.1071/PH810551
Abstract: High-field polynomial expansions (through order 9) are derived for the six-state planar Potts model and analysed. Suggestive evidence is found for an intermediate phase in which the exponent 0 varies continuously as a function of temperature. This behaviour is consistent with recent results predicting that the model exhibits two transitions separating a 'topologically ordered' phase analogous to that found in the planar rotor model.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-1978
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-1977
Publisher: Stockholm University Press
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1973
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-1980
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-08-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-08-1973
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 31-01-1972
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 31-05-2017
Abstract: Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high levels compared to the last 800 000 years. Those elevated GHG concentrations warm the planet and – partially offset by net cooling effects by aerosols – are largely responsible for the observed warming over the past 150 years. An accurate representation of GHG concentrations is hence important to understand and model recent climate change. So far, community efforts to create composite datasets of GHG concentrations with seasonal and latitudinal information have focused on marine boundary layer conditions and recent trends since the 1980s. Here, we provide consolidated datasets of historical atmospheric concentrations (mole fractions) of 43 GHGs to be used in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project – Phase 6 (CMIP6) experiments. The presented datasets are based on AGAGE and NOAA networks, firn and ice core data, and archived air data, and a large set of published studies. In contrast to previous intercomparisons, the new datasets are latitudinally resolved and include seasonality. We focus on the period 1850–2014 for historical CMIP6 runs, but data are also provided for the last 2000 years. We provide consolidated datasets in various spatiotemporal resolutions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as 40 other GHGs, namely 17 ozone-depleting substances, 11 hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 9 perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2). In addition, we provide three equivalence species that aggregate concentrations of GHGs other than CO2, CH4 and N2O, weighted by their radiative forcing efficiencies. For the year 1850, which is used for pre-industrial control runs, we estimate annual global-mean surface concentrations of CO2 at 284.3 ppm, CH4 at 808.2 ppb and N2O at 273.0 ppb. The data are available at earch/input4mips/ and www.climatecollege.unimelb.edu.au/cmip6. While the minimum CMIP6 recommendation is to use the global- and annual-mean time series, modelling groups can also choose our monthly and latitudinally resolved concentrations, which imply a stronger radiative forcing in the Northern Hemisphere winter (due to the latitudinal gradient and seasonality).
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1071/PH780515
Abstract: It is shown that low-temperature series expansions for lattice models in statistical mechanics can be obtained from a consideration of only connected strong subgraphs of the lattice. This general result is used as the basis of a linked-cluster form of the method of partial generating functions and also as the basis for extending the finite lattice method of series expansion to low-temperature series.
No related grants have been discovered for Ian Enting.