ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9769-2706
Current Organisation
Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Bijar, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Archaeological science | Archaeology | Archaeology of Asia Africa and the Americas | Anthropology | Biological (Physical) Anthropology
Understanding Asia's Past | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in History and Archaeology |
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-05-2022
DOI: 10.1002/AR.24646
Abstract: Histomorphometric analysis of human cortical bone has documented the occurrence of secondary osteon variants. These include drifting osteons which form tails as they move erratically through the cortex and Type II osteons which show partial resorption and redeposition within the cement line of the osteon. Little is known about the biological significance of these variants. Prior studies suggested correlations with age, biomechanics, diet, and mineral homeostasis. No study has yet tested for osteon variant associations with static measures of bone remodeling. In this study, thin sections (n = 112) of the posterior femur representing a late English Medieval adult human osteological collection, sub ided by age, sex, and socio-economic status, were examined to determine whether remodeling indicators reconstructed from osteon parameters (area, diameter, area ratios) and densities differed between categories of presence or absence of Type II and drifting osteon variants. Of the 112 sections, 33 presented with Type II osteons, and 38 had drifting osteons. Sporadic statistically significant results were identified. Haversian canal:osteon area ratio differed (p = 0.017) with Type II osteon presence, Type II osteons were more prevalent in males than females (p = 0.048), and drifting osteons were associated with smaller osteon (p = 0.049) and Haversian canal area (p = 0.05). These results may be explained through some biological (sex) and social (status) processes such as a period of physiological recovery (e.g., following lactation, malnutrition). However, the general lack of consistent relationships between osteon variants and remodeling indicators suggests they occur as a result of natural variation.
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-03-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-83978-4
Abstract: Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-07-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-83264-3
Abstract: Kingdom of Tonga in Polynesia is one of the most obese nations where metabolic conditions, sedentary lifestyles, and poor quality diet are widespread. These factors can lead to poor musculoskeletal health. However, whether metabolic abnormalities such as osteoporosis occurred in archaeological populations of Tonga is unknown. We employed a microscopic investigation of femur s les to establish whether bone loss afflicted humans in this Pacific region approximately 3000 years ago. Histology, laser confocal microscopy, and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy were used to measure bone vascular canal densities, bone porosity, and carbonate and phosphate content of bone composition in eight s les extracted from adult Talasiu males and females dated to 2650 BP. Compared to males, s les from females had fewer vascular canals, lower carbonate and phosphate content, and higher bone porosity. Although both sexes showed evidence of trabecularised cortical bone, it was more widespread in females (35.5%) than males (15.8%). Our data suggest experiences of advanced bone resorption, possibly as a result of osteoporosis. This provides first evidence for microscopic bone loss in a s le of archaeological humans from a Pacific population widely afflicted by metabolic conditions today.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 24-11-2021
Abstract: Modern humans have a slow and extended period of childhood growth, but to what extent this ontogenetic pathway was present in Neanderthals is debated. Dental development, linked to the duration of somatic growth across modern primates, is the main source for information about growth and development in a variety of fossil primates, including humans. Studies of Neanderthal permanent teeth report a pace of development either similar to recent humans or relatively accelerated. Neanderthal milk teeth, which form and emerge before permanent teeth, provide an opportunity to determine which pattern was present at birth. Here we present a comparative study of the prenatal and early postnatal growth of five milk teeth from three Neanderthals (120 000–130 000 years ago) using virtual histology. Results reveal regions of their milk teeth formed quickly before birth and over a relatively short period of time after birth. Tooth emergence commenced towards the earliest end of the eruption schedules displayed by extant human children. Advanced dental development is consistent with expectations for Neanderthal infant feeding.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-01-2022
Publisher: Antiquity Publications
Date: 16-06-2021
DOI: 10.15184/AQY.2021.31
Abstract: Ethnohistoric accounts indicate that the people of Australia's Channel Country engaged in activities rarely recorded elsewhere on the continent, including food storage, aquaculture and possible cultivation, yet there has been little archaeological fieldwork to verify these accounts. Here, the authors report on a collaborative research project initiated by the Mithaka people addressing this lack of archaeological investigation. The results show that Mithaka Country has a substantial and erse archaeological record, including numerous large stone quarries, multiple ritual structures and substantial dwellings. Our archaeological research revealed unknown aspects, such as the scale of Mithaka quarrying, which could stimulate re-evaluation of Aboriginal socio-economic systems in parts of ancient Australia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-07-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2019
DOI: 10.1002/AR.24224
Abstract: Rat cortical bone does not typically undergo secondary (Haversian) remodeling. Haversian organization of rat bone has been mainly observed in experimental settings following biomechanical or dietary manipulation. Here, we report an observation of cortical secondary osteons within a histological femur cross‐section from an extinct (late Quaternary) form of Timorese giant rat (Murinae gen. et sp. indet). The medio‐lateral midshaft diameter of its femur, used as a measure of bone size, is 6.15 mm and indicates a heavier than normal skeletal frame. We compare this s le to bone histology in a small rat's midshaft femur of 2.33 mm diameter. A complete lack of Haversian bone remodeling characteristics is noted for the smaller s le, which is dominated by radial vascular canals. The giant rat shows clear secondary osteons and diffuse vascularity mainly composed of tightly packed longitudinal canals across its cortex. It appears that rat cortical bone can undergo bone remodeling, and is organized in a highly vascularized manner, in insular giant cases. Our findings from Timor align with results reported in experimental rat model skeletal biology literature and other insular fossil rat material. Where macroanatomical examination is limited, histological observations on fossil rat limb bones have the potential to aid reconstructions of life history and skeletal growth aspects in these rodents. Anat Rec, 302:1934–1940, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: The Royal Society of Queensland
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.53060/PRSQ.2021.2
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-01-2021
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/AM20005
Abstract: The common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) is equipped with a set of physiological and morphological adaptations suited to a fossorial lifestyle. These allow wombats to engage in efficient scratch-digging and maintaining a low basal metabolic rate while living underground. While bone microstructure has been described for several subterranean animals, wombat bone histology has received very little attention to date. Here, we present preliminary insights into bone histology in modern adult V. ursinus (Mt Fairy, New South Wales) and Pleistocene fossil Vombatus sp. (Bakers Sw , New South Wales) midshaft humeri. The modern s le was well preserved, allowing us to identify varying bone tissue types (woven, parallel-fibred, lamellar). The s le showed vascularity composed of primary and secondary osteons, and simple longitudinal and radial vessels. We also observed evidence for Haversian remodelling (i.e. localised replacement of pre-existing bone) and coarse compact cancellous bone within the inner cortex of the diaphysis. The fossil histology was poorly preserved, but likely showed bone matrix organisation similar to the modern specimen. We use these preliminary data to discuss hypotheses for wombat forelimb biomechanical and physiological microscopic adaptation to a burrow environment. We encourage future intraskeletal examination of microstructure in wombat populations to better inform their ecological adaptations and behaviour in palaeontological contexts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2019.07.004
Abstract: Physiological disruptions to early human development have implications for health and disease in later life. Limited research has explored how prenatal factors influence dental development in children of mothers with known pregnancy conditions. Enamel in human deciduous teeth begins forming in utero and is highly susceptible to physiological upsets experienced perinatally. The moment of birth itself is marked in deciduous enamel by the Neonatal Line (NNL) as a baby transitions from the uterine to external environment. This study evaluates the effect of maternal health factors that include stress and alcohol consumption on NNL in teeth from Australian children. Mothers (n = 53) were interviewed about their health during pregnancy and experience of birth. Sixty-five deciduous teeth (incisors, molars, one canine) from their children were donated for histological examination. Neonatal line thickness was measured from thin sections and evaluated against maternal and neonatal factors using statistical analyses, controlling for tooth type and birth number. The only maternal factor of a statistically significant effect on NNL thickness was alcohol consumption. Children of mothers who drank occasionally during pregnancy had a thicker NNL when compared to children of mothers who abstained. These results suggest that maternal lifestyle factors influence NNL formation possibly due to physiological changes that disrupt calcium homeostasis during enamel deposition. We highlight large intra-specific variation in human NNL expression. The potential of dental s ling in identifying children with prenatal exposure to alcohol is suggested.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ARCM.12781
Abstract: Late Bronze Age multiple human burials from Deh Dumen, Iran, were uncovered in the Zagros Mountains. Using cross‐sectional geometry and histology, a s le ( n = 23) of fragmented femora from these burials was examined to test for possible adaptation to transhumant pastoralism. Midshaft femur remodelling and modelling characteristics examined across males, females and age‐at‐death groups partly indicated sex‐specific pastoralist behaviours and possible experiences of walking on rugged terrain in this small s le. We discuss the value of combining histology and cross‐sectional geometry techniques when attempting to reconstruct past human behaviours in multiple burial contexts.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JOA.12709
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-0405-4
Abstract: This study explores two ideas to made an improvement on the artificial neural network (ANN)-based models for suspended sediment forecasting in several time steps ahead. In this regard, both observed and forecasted time series are incorporated as input variables of the models when applied for more than one lead time. Secondly, least-square ensemble models employing multiple wavelet-ANN models are developed to increase the performance of the single model. For this purpose, different wavelet families are linked with the ANN model and performance of each model is evaluated using error measures. The Skagit River near Mount Vernon in Washington county is selected as the case study. The daily flow discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the current day are considered as input variables to predict suspended sediment concentration in the next day. For more lead times, the input structure is updated by adding the forecast of SSC in the previous time step. Results of this study demonstrate that incorporating both observed and predicted variables in the input structure improves performance of conventional models in which those only employ observed time series as input variables. Moreover, ensemble model developed for each lead time outperforms the best single wavelet-ANN model which indicates superiority of the ensemble model over the other one. Findings of this study reveal that acceptable forecasts of daily suspended sediment concentration up to 3 days in advance can be achieved using the proposed methodology.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-01-2023
Location: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Location: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Location: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2022
Funder: Marsden Fund
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2019
End Date: 09-2022
Amount: $381,268.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2023
End Date: 12-2025
Amount: $452,748.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity