ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2387-0442
Current Organisation
University of Houston
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-02-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617723000127
Abstract: For decades, quantitative psychologists have recommended that authors report effect sizes to convey the magnitude and potential clinical relevance of statistical associations. However, fewer than one-third of neuropsychology articles published in the early 2000s reported effect sizes. This study re-examines the frequency and extent of effect size reporting in neuropsychology journal articles by manuscript section and over time. A s le of 326 empirical articles were drawn from 36 randomly selected issues of six neuropsychology journals at 5-year intervals between 1995 and 2020. Four raters used a novel, reliable coding system to quantify the extent to which effect sizes were included in the major sections of all 326 articles. Findings showed medium-to-large increases in effect size reporting in the Methods and Results sections of neuropsychology journal articles that plateaued in recent years however, there were only very small and nonsignificant changes in effect size reporting in the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion sections. Authors in neuropsychology journals have markedly improved their effect size reporting in the core Methods and Results sections, but are still unlikely to consider these valuable metrics when motivating their study hypotheses and interpreting the conceptual and clinical implications of their findings. Recommendations are provided to encourage more widespread integration of effect sizes in neuropsychological research.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 31-07-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-3154022/V1
Abstract: Introduction: Although older adults with HIV are at high risk for mild neurocognitive disorders, a subset experience successful cognitive aging (SCA). HIV is associated with an increased risk of vascular depression (VasDep), which can affect cognitive and daily functioning. The current study examined whether VasDep impedes SCA among older adults with HIV. Methods: 136 persons with HIV aged 50 years and older were classified as either SCA+ (n=37) or SCA- (n=99) based on a battery of demographically adjusted neurocognitive tests and self-reported cognitive symptoms. Participants were also stratified on the presence of vascular disease (e.g., hypertension) and current depression as determined by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Depression/Dejection scale of the Profile of Mood States. Results: A Cochran-Armitage test revealed a significant additive effect of vascular disease and depression on SCA in this s le of older adults with HIV ( z =4.13, p .0001). In iduals with VasDep had the lowest frequency of SCA+ (0%), which differed significantly from the group with only vascular disease (30%, OR=0.04, CI=0.002,0.68)) and the group with neither vascular disease nor depression (47% OR =0.02, CI=0.33,0.001). Findings were not confounded by demographics, HIV disease severity, or other psychiatric and medical factors ( p s .05). Discussion: These data suggest that presence of VasDep may be a barrier to SCA in older adults with HIV disease. Prospective, longitudinal studies with neuroimaging-based operationalizations of VasDep are needed to further clarify this risk factor’s role in the maintenance of cognitive and brain health in persons with HIV disease.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-02-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617722000698
Abstract: People living with HIV (PLWH) often experience deficits in the strategic/executive aspects of prospective memory (PM) that can interfere with instrumental activities of daily living. This study used a conceptual replication design to determine whether cognitive intrain idual variability, as measured by dispersion (IIV-dispersion), contributes to PM performance and symptoms among PLWH. Study 1 included 367 PLWH who completed a comprehensive clinical neuropsychological test battery, the Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT), and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Study 2 included 79 older PLWH who completed the Cogstate cognitive battery, the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT), an experimental measure of time-based PM, and the PRMQ. In both studies, a mean-adjusted coefficient of variation was derived to measure IIV-dispersion using normative T -scores from the cognitive battery. Higher IIV-dispersion was significantly associated with lower time-based PM performance at small-to-medium effect sizes in both studies (mean r s = −0.30). The relationship between IIV-dispersion and event-based PM performance was comparably small in magnitude in both studies ( r s = −0.19, −0.20), but it was only statistically significant in Study 1. IIV-dispersion showed very small, nonsignificant relationships with self-reported PM symptoms in both s les ( r s 0.10). Extending prior work in healthy adults, these findings suggest that variability in performance across a cognitive battery contributes to laboratory-based PM accuracy, but not perceived PM symptoms, among PLWH. Future studies might examine whether daily fluctuations in cognition or other aspects of IIV (e.g., inconsistency) play a role in PM failures in everyday life.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Andrea Mustafa.