ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4162-9254
Current Organisation
University of Milan
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Publisher: ZappyLab, Inc.
Date: 13-06-2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 10-02-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.09.430490
Abstract: It has been proposed that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi slow down decomposition by competing with free-living saprotrophs for organic nutrients and other soil resources (known as the “Gadgil effect”), thereby increasing soil carbon sequestration. As such, this Gadgil effect should depend on soil organic matter age and quality, but this remains unstudied. In addition, the Gadgil effect is not expected to occur in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests since AM fungi cannot access directly nutrients from soil organic matter, yet few direct comparisons between EcM and AM forests have been made. We performed a two-year reciprocal decomposition experiment of soil organic horizons (litter - L, fragmented - F, humic - H) in adjacent temperate deciduous forests dominated by EcM or AM trees. Litterbags were made of different mesh sizes allowing or excluding ingrowth of external fungal hyphae, which are primarily mycorrhizal in these forests other than for the most-recent superficial litter horizon. As expected, organic matter originating from deeper horizons and from EcM forests was of lower quality (e.g. higher lignin to nitrogen ratios) and decomposed more slowly. However, contrary to the Gadgil effect, organic matter exposed to external fungal hyphae (i.e. primarily mycorrhizal) actually decomposed faster in both forest types, and this effect was strongest in EcM forests, particularly in the F horizon. Unexpectedly, organic matter decomposition was faster in EcM than in AM forests, regardless of organic matter origin. Overall, our study reinforces the view that temperate EcM forests store greater amounts of soil organic carbon than AM forests, but suggests that this is due to factors other than the Gadgil effect.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 25-01-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.23.427902
Abstract: Ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas, the two most widespread plant-fungal symbioses, are thought to differentially influence tree species ersity, with positive plant-soil feedbacks favoring locally abundant ectomycorrhizal tree species and negative feedbacks promoting species coexistence and ersity in arbuscular mycorrhizal forests. While seedling recruitment studies and cross-biome patterns of plant ersity and mycorrhizal dominance support this hypothesis, it remains to be tested at the forest stand level over continental scales. Here, we analyze ∼85,000 forest plots across the United States to show that both ectomycorrhizal-dominated and arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated forests show relatively low tree ersity, while forests with a mixture of mycorrhizal strategies support a higher number of tree species. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal dominance, rather than mycorrhizal type, shapes tree ersity in forests.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.18902
Abstract: Leaf spectra are integrated foliar phenotypes that capture a range of traits and can provide insight into ecological processes. Leaf traits, and therefore leaf spectra, may reflect belowground processes such as mycorrhizal associations. However, evidence for the relationship between leaf traits and mycorrhizal association is mixed, and few studies account for shared evolutionary history. We conduct partial least squares discriminant analysis to assess the ability of spectra to predict mycorrhizal type. We model the evolution of leaf spectra for 92 vascular plant species and use phylogenetic comparative methods to assess differences in spectral properties between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plant species. Partial least squares discriminant analysis classified spectra by mycorrhizal type with 90% (arbuscular) and 85% (ectomycorrhizal) accuracy. Univariate models of principal components identified multiple spectral optima corresponding with mycorrhizal type due to the close relationship between mycorrhizal type and phylogeny. Importantly, we found that spectra of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal species do not statistically differ from each other after accounting for phylogeny. While mycorrhizal type can be predicted from spectra, enabling the use of spectra to identify belowground traits using remote sensing, this is due to evolutionary history and not because of fundamental differences in leaf spectra due to mycorrhizal type.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/RS12152448
Abstract: Bogs, as nutrient-poor ecosystems, are particularly sensitive to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Nitrogen deposition alters bog plant community composition and can limit their ability to sequester carbon (C). Spectroscopy is a promising approach for studying how N deposition affects bogs because of its ability to remotely determine changes in plant species composition in the long term as well as shorter-term changes in foliar chemistry. However, there is limited knowledge on the extent to which bog plants differ in their foliar spectral properties, how N deposition might affect those properties, and whether subtle inter- or intraspecific changes in foliar traits can be spectrally detected. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of N deposition on foliar traits and spectra. Using an integrating sphere fitted to a field spectrometer, we measured spectral properties of leaves from the four most common vascular plant species (Chamaedaphne calyculata, Kalmia angustifolia, Rhododendron groenlandicum and Eriophorum vaginatum) in three bogs in southern Québec and Ontario, Canada, exposed to different atmospheric N deposition levels, including one subjected to a 18-year N fertilization experiment. We also measured chemical and morphological properties of those leaves. We found detectable intraspecific changes in leaf structural traits and chemistry (namely chlorophyll b and N concentrations) with increasing N deposition and identified spectral regions that helped distinguish the site-specific populations within each species. Most of the variation in leaf spectral, chemical, and morphological properties was among species. As such, species had distinct spectral foliar signatures, allowing us to identify them with high accuracy with partial least squares discriminant analyses (PLSDA). Predictions of foliar traits from spectra using partial least squares regression (PLSR) were generally accurate, particularly for the concentrations of N and C, soluble C, leaf water, and dry matter content ( % RMSEP). However, these multi-species PLSR models were not accurate within species, where the range of values was narrow. To improve the detection of short-term intraspecific changes in functional traits, models should be trained with more species-specific data. Our field study showing clear differences in foliar spectra and traits among species, and some within-species differences due to N deposition, suggest that spectroscopy is a promising approach for assessing long-term vegetation changes in bogs subject to atmospheric pollution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-021-01634-6
Abstract: Ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas, the two most widespread plant-fungal symbioses, are thought to differentially influence tree species ersity, with positive plant-soil feedbacks favouring locally abundant ectomycorrhizal tree species and negative feedbacks promoting species coexistence and ersity in arbuscular mycorrhizal forests. While seedling recruitment studies and cross-biome patterns of plant ersity and mycorrhizal dominance support this hypothesis, it remains to be tested at the forest stand level over continental scales. Here, we analyse approximately 82,000 forest plots across the USA to show that both ectomycorrhizal-dominated and arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated forests show relatively low tree ersity, while forests with a mixture of mycorrhizal strategies support a higher number of tree species. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal dominance, rather than mycorrhizal type, shapes tree ersity in forests.
Publisher: ZappyLab, Inc.
Date: 18-03-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-01-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2020
No related grants have been discovered for Alexis Carteron.