ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5079-0045
Current Organisations
Reach Life
,
University of Sydney Sydney Medical School
,
Edith Cowan University
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Publisher: Editora de Livros IABS
Date: 30-04-2018
DOI: 10.18472/SUSTDEB.V9N1.2018.28258
Abstract: As mudanças ambientais antrópicas despertaram a atenção para a importância dos ecossistemas como fundamentais para sustentar a saúde e o bem-estar humanos. Várias escolas de pensamento e c os de atuação em pesquisa e ação buscam compreender a saúde e os fenômenos sociais e ecológicos associados. Apresentamos 18 desses c os de atuação destacando seus elementos comuns e ergências. Eles convergem em torno do cruzamento de fronteiras disciplinares e na aplicação do pensamento sistêmico, enquanto as principais diferenças são encontradas nas metodologias, nos enfoques de pesquisa e no enquadramento dos problemas. Embora os c os busquem promover a saúde pelos caminhos sustentáveis e equitativos, as abordagens despolitizadas e a-históricas continuam sendo parte da prática padrão. Pesquisas futuras requerem um compromisso maior na avaliação das nossas próprias condutas como atores políticos e na promoção de novos espaços de discussões sobre a dinâmica de poder, a fim de (re)centralizar os participantes nas metodologias de pesquisa.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-06-0013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-12-2016
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-08-2200
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X22000897
Abstract: Risk is an innate and integral part of everyday life and is present in simple, everyday occupations and complex actions. Age-related stereotypes can mean older people have little opportunity to engage in activities that present some degree of risk. The present study explores the discourse around risk and older people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated news media as a reflection of the dominant public discourse around older people's behaviour to identify how risk is represented in relation to occupational engagement. Texts relating to older people and COVID-19 were sourced from the West Australian newspaper for a period of two months. Seventy texts were subject to Foucauldian discourse analysis to identify subject positions, location of risk and discursive features. Findings indicate that older people were segregated from the rest of society, with their behaviours framed in mostly negative ways. We identified three areas of discourse: vulnerable, and in need of protection recalcitrant, and in need of management and resilient, deserving of respect. While we recognise competing representations, implicit within the dominant discourse was the premise that older people were not capable of mediating risks and required ‘management’. These findings highlight the role of surveillance in restricting occupational engagement for older people and carry implications for older people, the public and therapists.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/PC140193
Abstract: We propose a new approach for island-wide planning and implementation of ecosystem management in the Pacific, recognizing a lack of replicability, sustainability and cost-effectiveness in other approaches. ʻIntegrated island managementʼ (IIM) operates through coordinated networks of institutions and communities focused on sustainable and adaptive management of natural resources. IIM enables simultaneous and cost-effective achievement of ecosystem-based management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction while conserving bio ersity, maintaining ecosystem services and securing human health and well-being. We present ten guiding principles for IIM, and then use these to evaluate 36 case studies from the Pacific islands. Most case studies were pilot or demonstration projects with little evidence of planning to ensure long-term financial and human capacity needs were sustained, beyond the life of the projects, or could be replicated at significant scales. Management outcomes in the Pacific will be enhanced by: (1) building on foundations of customary management practice and social networks (2) working holistically across relevant ecological and governance scales, through coordinated but decentralized and nested institutions (3) empowering local communities to participate in integrated planning and implementation and (4) embedding IIM practice into national systems for long-term sustainability and replication. These also ultimately depend on the context and externalities, beyond the control of practitioners. Cost-effectiveness and appropriateness are also critical for successful IIM in the Pacific islands but ultimately there is little alternative for effective bio ersity conservation.
Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
Date: 10-02-2023
DOI: 10.31223/X56S9M
Abstract: Watersheds offer opportunities for place-based interventions to transform systems health via preventative versus reactive approaches to management that achieve multiple co-benefits for public and environmental health. The Watershed Interventions for Systems Health in Fiji (WISH Fiji) project embraced participatory knowledge co-production and action-oriented research to identify risks to public and ecosystem health, prioritize interventions to address risks, and monitor responses of the system to interventions. We used screening filters and local knowledge to collaboratively identify five watersheds for action with high prior incidence of water-related diseases (Fiji& rsquor s & three plagues& of leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue) and high risk to downstream environmental health. We reviewed literature to identify disease risk factors, evaluated overlaps with risks for downstream environmental impact, and designed 13 instruments to collect information about baseline risk. Following consultations to obtain free, prior and informed consent, we enrolled 311 households across 29 communities. We synthesized data to identify key risks at the household, community, and landscape level, which were communicated to community water and resource management committees and government leaders as part of developing water and sanitation safety plans for each community. Local committees identified 339 priority risk reduction actions across nine main categories: animal management drainage health systems surveillance hygiene integrated planning land use management sanitation systems waste management and water systems. As of October 2022, 154 interventions were implemented in the five watersheds across different risk categories and scales. While we can track changes to factors that reduce risk of water-related disease and improve environmental health, direct evaluation of impacts to public health is limited due to poor geolocation of case records. The WISH Fiji project is a model of cross-sectoral coordination that efficiently progresses multiple Sustainable Development Goals, but scaling requires sustained investment in interventions to realize full benefits, particularly for nature-based solutions that exhibit lagged responses.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-4201
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE18927
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S221472
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/PC14928
Abstract: The freshwater ichthyofauna of the Fiji islands remained poorly documented before the establishment of the Pacific-Asia Bio ersity Transect (PABITRA) network. The PABITRA approach assesses bio ersity along ocean-to-mountain transects and promotes sustainable land use on islands across the Pacific. Multiple surveys of freshwater fish species along the Viti Levu PABITRA transect have contributed six new occurrence records and one new species to the known freshwater fishes of Fiji since 2002. In total, 21 indigenous species of fish (9% endemic) from 10 families and no introduced fishes were found in the three PABITRA sites. Diversity was highest (16 species) at Savura forest reserve and decreased further inland into Sovi and Wabu. The assemblage found is dominated by highly migratory species (95%) that traverse the different aquatic habitats (marine, estuarine, lowland and upland streams) covered by the PABITRA transect. This high degree of connectivity highlights several growing issues affecting aquatic fauna on the high island of Viti Levu. The reduction in forest cover along the gateway transects, especially in the terminal reaches, and infrastructure development such as dams and weirs have deleterious effects on the migration routes of the Fijian ichthyofauna. Several species collected are important food sources and have cultural totemic importance to local inhabitants along the vertical transect. This paper documents the ichthyofauna of the Fiji gateway transect, ecological characteristics of this assemblage, IUCN Redlist conservation assessment status and highlights factors affecting the fragility and resilience of these communities, particularly focusing on the importance of life-history patterns and watershed conditions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2201
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE20774
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.2166/WPT.2022.022
Abstract: Poor rural water quality is a health challenge in Fiji. A mixed-methods study in six iTaukei (Indigenous Fijian) villages was conducted to understand local perceptions of drinking water access and quality, how this changes drinking water source choices, and impacts of age and gender. Seventy-two household surveys, 30 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Household surveys revealed 41.7% of community members perceived their water as dirty and 76.4% perceived their water as clean. Two-thirds of households reported that they always or usually had enough water. FGDs and KIIs revealed water access and quality was influenced by population size, seasonality, and rainfall. Perceptions of water quality caused villages to shift to alternative water sources. Alignment of the qualitative and quantitative data identified four themes: sources and infrastructure, access, quality and contamination. There was mixed alignment of perceptions between access and quality between the household surveys, and KIIs and FGDs with partial agreement sources and infrastructure, and quality. Gender was found to influence perceptions of dirty water, contamination, and supply and demand. Perceptions of water quality and access shape decisions and choices for water sources and can be used to inform resilience and inclusive water strategies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2019.06.001
Abstract: Adherence to prescribed medication is a dynamic process that changes over time. Whilst several measures have been used to examine adherence in patients with ADHD, it is not clear how these measures have been used to measure adherence in the context of its three phases (initiation, implementation, discontinuation). To examine measures used to assess medication adherence at its three phases in people with ADHD. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review. Six databases (Medline, PubMed, IPA, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO) were systematically searched in October 2018, without any limitations on the start dates. Keywords reflecting three broad concepts (adherence, ADHD and measures) were used as part of the search strategy. Studies that assessed medication adherence in people with ADHD and described methods used to assess adherence were selected for this review. Forty-nine studies were included. Most (69.3%) examined adherence at the implementation phase. Claims databases, self-reported questionnaires, and prescription-refill records were used to measure adherence at the initiation, implementation, and discontinuation phase, respectively. Overall, self-reported questionnaires were the most frequently used measure at the implementation phase, but the psychometric properties were not reported in almost half of the studies that used these measures. Initiation and discontinuation phases of adherence have been relatively less examined in people with ADHD. Although self-reported questionnaires were the commonly used measures, the validity and reliability of these measures are of concern in guiding evidence-based practice. Measures with improved psychometric properties are needed that can examine adherence across its three phases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10393-016-1152-6
Abstract: The impact of environmental change on transmission patterns of waterborne enteric diseases is a major public health concern. This study concerns the burden and spatial nature of enteric fever, attributable to Salmonella Typhi infection in the Central Division, Republic of Fiji at a sub-catchment scale over 30-months (2013-2015). Quantitative spatial analysis suggested relationships between environmental conditions of sub-catchments and incidence and recurrence of typhoid fever. Average incidence per inhabited sub-catchment for the Central Division was high at 205.9/100,000, with cases recurring in each calendar year in 26% of sub-catchments. Although the numbers of cases were highest within dense, urban coastal sub-catchments, the incidence was highest in low-density mountainous rural areas. Significant environmental determinants at this scale suggest increased risk of exposure where sediment yields increase following runoff. The study suggests that populations living on large systems that broaden into meandering mid-reaches and floodplains with alluvial deposition are at a greater risk compared to small populations living near small, erosional, high-energy headwaters and small streams unconnected to large hydrological networks. This study suggests that anthropogenic alteration of land cover and hydrology (particularly via fragmentation of riparian forest and connectivity between road and river networks) facilitates increased transmission of typhoid fever and that environmental transmission of typhoid fever is important in Fiji.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2EW00685E
Abstract: This study assessed sanitation infrastructure and maintenance practices in rural Fijian communities. The high prevalence of tank type sanitation back-ends highlights the health and environmental risks.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1017/CFT.2023.18
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-07-2019
Abstract: Proximal characteristics and conditions in the residential setting deserve greater attention for their potential to influence typhoid transmission. Using a case-control design in Central Division, Republic of Fiji, we examined bacterial (coliform and Escherichia coli) contamination and chemical composition of water and soil as potential vehicles of exposure to Salmonella Typhi, combining observational analysis of residential living conditions, geospatial analysis of household locations, and factor analysis to explore multivariate associations with the risk of developing typhoid fever. Factors positively associated with typhoid infection related to drainage [phosphate (OR 4.235, p = 0.042) and E. coli concentrations (OR 2.248, p = 0.029) in toilet drainage soil, housing [external condition (OR 3.712, p 0.001)], drinking water contamination (OR 2.732, p = 0.003) and sanitary condition (OR 1.973, p = 0.031). These five factors explained 42.5% of the cumulative variance and were significant in predicting typhoid infection. Our results support the hypothesis that a combination of spatial and biophysical attributes of the residential setting influence the probability of typhoid transmission in this study, factors associated with poor drainage, flooding, and sanitary condition increase local exposure to contaminated water and soil, and thereby infection. These findings extend testing of causal assumptions beyond the immediate domestic domain, enhance the scope of traditional case control epidemiology and allow greater specificity of interventions at the scale of the residential setting.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1017/CFT.2023.15
Abstract: Tropical coastal ecosystems are in decline worldwide due to an increasing suite of human activities, which threaten the bio ersity and human wellbeing that these ecosystems support. One of the major drivers of decline is poor water quality from land-based activities. This review summarises the evidence of impacts to coastal ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, from sediments, nutrients, chemicals and pathogens entering coastal zones through surface and groundwater. We also assess how these pollutants affect the health of coastal human populations through: (1) enhanced transmission of infectious diseases (2) reduced food availability and nutritional deficit from decline of fisheries associated with degraded habitat and (3) food poisoning from consumption of contaminated seafood. We use this information to identify opportunities for holistic approaches to integrated watershed management (IWM) that target overlapping drivers of ill-health in downstream coastal ecosystems and people. We demonstrate that appropriate management requires taking a multi-sector, systems approach that accounts for socio-ecological feedbacks, with collaboration required across environmental, agricultural, public health, and water, sanitation and hygiene sectors, as well as across the land–sea interface. Finally, we provide recommendations of key actions for IWM that can help achieve multiple sustainable development goals for both nature and people on coasts.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/FWB.12955
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-02-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-05-2015
Abstract: The effective preparation of occupational therapy students for mental health practice is critical to facilitate positive consumer outcomes, underpin optimal practice and support new graduates' professional identity. This project was established to determine a set of 'educational priorities' for occupational therapy students to prepare them for current (and future) entry-level practice in mental health, from the perspective of mental health occupational therapists in Australia and New Zealand. The study included two phases. In Phase One, participants identified what they considered to be important educational priorities for occupational therapy students to prepare them for practice in mental health. For Phase Two, an 'expert panel' was assembled to review and rank these using a Policy Delphi approach. Eighty-five participants provided educational priorities in Phase One. These were grouped into a total of 149 educational themes. In Phase Two, the expert panel (consisting of 37 occupational therapists from erse locations and practice settings) prioritised these themes across three Delphi rounds. A final priority list was generated iding educational themes into three prioritised categories: 29 'Essential', 25 'Important' and 44 'Optional' priorities. Highest-ranked priorities were: clinical reasoning, client-centred practice, therapeutic use of self, functional implications of mental illness, therapeutic use of occupation and mental health fieldwork experience. The priority list developed as part of this project provides additional information to support the review of occupational therapy curricula across Australia and New Zealand to ensure that new graduates are optimally prepared for mental health practice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-12-2010
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.1086
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-05-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-10-2201
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-02-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0376892918000061
Abstract: Oceania can be characterized by a richness of culture, bio ersity and natural resources and a particular future that the changing climate will bring to islands, livelihoods and ecosystems. We reviewed literature detailing the limitations of siloed approaches to public health and conservation action for regional sustainability, highlighting opportunities for regional integration as place-based, through activities that are locally relevant, innovative engagement across a broader variety of sectors and working with indigenous peoples’ knowledges. We present three case studies that extend and redefine the boundaries of the fields of public health and conservation, enabling collaborators to better respond to complex issues impacting bio ersity and human health. These case studies make explicit the links between nutrition, catchment management, water resources, fisheries, marine protected areas and communicable and non-communicable diseases. Public health and conservation are more meaningfully connected in place-based, reciprocal and compassionate activities, using common language to draw on the well-developed instruments of both sectors. These will include health impact assessments and combine health and ecological economics, which together will contribute to responding to an emergent set of challenges, namely human population increase, urbanization, overfishing and more severe aspects of climate change.
Location: Taiwan, Province of China
No related grants have been discovered for Aaron Jenkins.