ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4533-0340
Current Organisations
University of Jos
,
Edith Cowan University
,
Queensland University of Technology
,
Curtin University
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Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-12-2019
Abstract: Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of medical injections as well as assess the level of access to sterile injection equipment by demographic factors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We carried out a meta-analysis of nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted between 2010 and 2017 in 39 LMICs. Random effects meta-analysis was used in estimating pooled and disaggregated prevalence. All analyses were conducted using Stata version 14 and Microsoft Excel 2016. The pooled 12-month prevalence estimate of medical injection was 32.4% (95% confidence interval 29.3–35.6). Pakistan, Rwanda and Myanmar had the highest prevalence of medical injection: 59.1%, 56.4% and 53.0%, respectively. Regionally, the prevalence of medical injection ranged from 13.5% in west Asia to 42.7% in south and southeast Asia. The pooled prevalence of access to sterile injection equipment was 96.5%, with Pakistan, Comoros and Afghanistan having comparatively less prevalence: 86.0%, 90.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Overuse of medical injection and potentially unsafe injection practices remain a considerable challenge in LMICs. To stem the tides of these challenges, national governments of LMICs need to initiate appropriate interventions, including education of stakeholders, and equity in access to quality healthcare services.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-02-2020
Abstract: Observational epidemiological studies indicate that endometriosis and migraine co-occur within in iduals more than expected by chance. However, the aetiology and biological mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. Here we examined the relationship between endometriosis and migraine using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effect concordance analysis found a significant concordance of SNP risk effects across endometriosis and migraine GWAS. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis found a positive and highly significant genetic correlation (rG = 0.38, P = 2.30 × 10−25) between endometriosis and migraine. A meta-analysis of endometriosis and migraine GWAS data did not reveal novel genome-wide significant SNPs, and Mendelian randomisation analysis found no evidence for a causal relationship between the two traits. However, gene-based analyses identified two novel loci for migraine. Also, we found significant enrichment of genes nominally associated (Pgene 0.05) with both traits (Pbinomial-test = 9.83 × 10−6). Combining gene-based p-values across endometriosis and migraine, three genes, two (TRIM32 and SLC35G6) of which are at novel loci, were genome-wide significant. Genes having Pgene 0.1 for both endometriosis and migraine (Pbinomial-test = 1.85 ×10−°3) were significantly enriched for biological pathways, including interleukin-1 receptor binding, focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling, MAPK and TNF-α signalling. Our findings further confirm the comorbidity of endometriosis and migraine and indicate a non-causal relationship between the two traits, with shared genetically-controlled biological mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of the two disorders.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-05-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00439-020-02223-6
Abstract: Evidence from observational studies indicates that endometriosis and depression often co-occur. However, conflicting evidence exists, and the etiology as well as biological mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we comprehensively assessed the relationship between endometriosis and depression. Single nucleotide polymorphism effect concordance analysis (SECA) found a significant genetic overlap between endometriosis and depression (P
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-10-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-06-2017
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the rural–urban differences in the prevalence and factors associated with non-utilization of healthcare facility for childbirth (home delivery) in Nigeria. Methods: Dataset from the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2013, disaggregated by rural–urban residence were analyzed with appropriate adjustment for the cluster s ling design of the survey. Factors associated with home delivery were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: In rural and urban residence, the prevalence of home delivery were 78.3% and 38.1%, respectively ( p 0.001). The lowest prevalence of home delivery occurred in the South-East region for rural residence (18.6%) and the South-West region for urban residence (17.9%). The North-West region had the highest prevalence of home delivery, 93.6% and 70.5% in rural and urban residence, respectively. Low maternal as well as paternal education, low antenatal attendance, being less wealthy, the practice of Islam, and living in the North-East, North-West and the South-South regions increased the likelihood of home delivery in both rural and urban residences. Whether in rural or urban residence, birth order of one decreased the likelihood of home delivery. In rural residence only, living in the North-Central region increased the chances of home delivery. In urban residence only, maternal age ⩾ 36 years decreased the likelihood of home delivery, while ‘Traditionalist/other’ religion and maternal age 20 years increased it. Conclusion: The prevalence of home delivery was much higher in rural than urban Nigeria and the associated factors differ to varying degrees in the two residences. Future intervention efforts would need to prioritize findings in this study.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-12-2022
Abstract: Emerging observational evidence suggests links between cognitive impairment and a range of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders however, the mechanisms underlying their relationships remain unclear. Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association studies’ summary statistics, we comprehensively assessed genetic overlap and potential causality of cognitive traits and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with several GIT disorders. We demonstrate a strong and highly significant inverse global genetic correlation between cognitive traits and GIT disorders—peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastritis-duodenitis, erticulosis, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but not inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Further analysis detects 35 significant (p 4.37 × 10−5) bivariate local genetic correlations between cognitive traits, AD, and GIT disorders (including IBD). Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests a risk-decreasing causality of educational attainment, intelligence, and other cognitive traits on PUD and GERD, but not IBD, and a putative association of GERD with cognitive function decline. Gene-based analysis reveals a significant gene-level genetic overlap of cognitive traits with AD and GIT disorders (IBD inclusive, pbinomial-test = 1.18 × 10−3–2.20 × 10−16). Our study supports the protective roles of genetically-influenced educational attainments and other cognitive traits on the risk of GIT disorders and highlights a putative association of GERD with cognitive function decline. Findings from local genetic correlation analysis provide novel insights, indicating that the relationship of IBD with cognitive traits (and AD) will depend largely on their local effects across the genome.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S42003-022-03607-2
Abstract: Consistent with the concept of the gut-brain phenomenon, observational studies suggest a relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we analyse several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics (N = 34,652–456,327), to assess the relationship of AD with GIT disorders. Findings reveal a positive significant genetic overlap and correlation between AD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastritis-duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome and erticulosis, but not inflammatory bowel disease. Cross-trait meta-analysis identifies several loci (P meta-analysis 5 × 10 −8 ) shared by AD and GIT disorders (GERD and PUD) including PDE4B , BRINP3 , ATG16L1 , SEMA3F , HLA-DRA , SCARA3 , MTSS2 , PHB , and TOMM40 . Colocalization and gene-based analyses reinforce these loci. Pathway-based analyses demonstrate significant enrichment of lipid metabolism, autoimmunity, lipase inhibitors, PD-1 signalling, and statin mechanisms, among others, for AD and GIT traits. Our findings provide genetic insights into the gut-brain relationship, implicating shared but non-causal genetic susceptibility of GIT disorders with AD’s risk. Genes and biological pathways identified are potential targets for further investigation in AD, GIT disorders, and their comorbidity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JINF.2018.07.001
Abstract: To estimate the proportion of over-the-counter antibiotic requests or consultations that resulted in non-prescription supply of antibiotics in community pharmacies globally. We systematically searched EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL databases for studies published from January 2000 to September 2017 reporting the frequency of non-prescription sale and supply of antibiotics in community pharmacies across the world. Additional articles were identified by checking reference lists and a Google Scholar search. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled estimates of non-prescription supply of antibiotics. Of the 3302 articles identified, 38 studies from 24 countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All the included countries with the exception of one, classified antibiotics as prescription-only medicines. The overall pooled proportion of non-prescription supply of antibiotics was 62% (95% CI 53-72). The pooled proportion of non-prescription supply of antibiotics following a patient request was 78% (95% CI 59-97) and based on community pharmacy staff recommendation was 58% (95% CI 48-68). The regional supply of non-prescription antibiotics was highest in South America, 78% (95% CI 72-84). Antibiotics were commonly supplied without a prescription to patients with symptoms of urinary tract infections (68%, 95% CI 42-93) and upper respiratory tract infections (67%, 95% CI 55-79). Fluoroquinolones and Penicillins respectively were the most commonly supplied antibiotic classes for these indications. Antibiotics are frequently supplied without prescription in many countries. This overuse of antibiotics could facilitate the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.
Publisher: Medip Academy
Date: 2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-03-2017
Abstract: Aims: This study investigates the rural–urban differences in infant mortality rates (IMRs) and the associated risk factors in Nigeria. Methods: The dataset from the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS), disaggregated by rural–urban residence, was analyzed using complex s les statistics. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to explore the adjusted relationship and identify risk factors for infant mortality. Results: In rural and urban Nigeria, IMRs were 70 and 49 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Risk factors in rural residence were past maternal marital union (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.625, p = 0.020), small birth size (AOR: 1.550, p 0.001), birth interval months (AOR: 2.057, p 0.001), residence in North-East (AOR: 1.346, p = 0.038) and North-West (AOR: 1.653, p 0.001) regions, and cesarean delivery (AOR: 2.922, p = 0.001). Risk factors in urban residence were poor wealth index (AOR: 2.292, p 0.001), small birth size (AOR: 2.276, p 0.001), male gender (AOR: 1.416, p = 0.022), birth interval months (AOR: 1.605, p = 0.002), maternal obesity (AOR: 1.641, p = 0.008), and cesarean delivery (AOR: 1.947, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Infants in rural residence had higher rates of mortality than their urban counterparts and disparities in risk factors exist between the residences.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2017-314228
Abstract: To estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with the use of antibiotics in the management of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a meta-analysis of demographic and health survey data sets from 30 countries in SSA. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random effects model. Χ 2 tests were employed to determine the factors associated with the antibiotic use. The pooled prevalence of antibiotic use among cases of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age was 23.1% (95% CI 19.5 to 26.7). The use of antibiotics in children with non-bloody diarrhoea in SSA was associated with (p .05) the source of care, place of residence, wealth index, maternal education and breastfeeding status. We found an unacceptably high use of antibiotics to treat episodes of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under the age of 5 in SSA.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-11-2019
Abstract: Lithium remains the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder. However, it has a very narrow therapeutic index (0.6–0.8 mmol/L). It has been suggested that high environmental temperature can lead to dehydration, elevated plasma lithium concentration and then lithium toxicity. We aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal and short-term changes in temperature on serum lithium concentrations in Sydney, Australia. We retrospectively analysed data from all patients who had serum lithium concentrations taken from the Prince of Wales and Sutherland Hospitals between 2008 and 2018. Temperature data came from the Bureau of Meteorology. We examined correlations between lithium concentrations and the preceding 5 days maximum temperatures, month and season. We also performed a longitudinal analysis of the effect of temperature and seasons within selected patients who had repeated levels. A total of 11,912 serum lithium concentrations from 2493 patients were analysed. There was no significant association between higher lithium concentration and preceding higher temperatures ( r = –0.008, p = 0.399). There was also no important seasonal or monthly variation, across all patients or in the smaller cohort with longitudinal data ( n = 123, r = 0.008, 95% confidence interval: [–0.04, 0.06]). There were no clinically important differences in serum lithium concentration related to seasons, months or temperatures, which suggests that patients on lithium are able to adequately maintain hydration during hot weather in Sydney.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-12361-9
Abstract: Medicines and vaccines supply chains represent critical systems for realising one of the major targets of the United Nations’ third Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, for all. However, evidence suggests the system is confronted with several challenges in many low-medium income countries, including Nigeria. This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on the challenges of medicines and vaccines supply chain system in Nigeria. We searched relevant databases including Scopus and Web of Science for studies published between January 2005 and August 2020 on the challenges associated with medicines and vaccines supply chain systems in Nigeria. Our findings implicate several factors including difficulty with medicines or vaccines selection, procurement, distribution, and inventory management. Others included poor storage infrastructure, financial constraints, insecurity, transportation challenges, inadequate human resources, weak, or poorly implemented policies. These challenges mostly resulted in stock-outs of essential medicines which notably got worsened during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Our study is a wake-up call on the need to prioritise the critical sector of the supply chain systems for medicines and vaccines in Nigeria. Effective implementation of existing policies, improved security, strengthening of the health system through adequate budgetary allocations, and provision of infrastructure including regular availability of electricity are keys to surmounting the challenges and improving access to medicines or vaccines in Nigeria.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-12-2022
Abstract: Is there a shared genetic or causal association of endometriosis with asthma or what biological mechanisms may underlie their potential relationships? Our results confirm a significant but non-causal association of endometriosis with asthma implicating shared genetic susceptibility and biological pathways in the mechanisms of the disorders, and potentially, their co-occurrence. Some observational studies have reported a pattern of co-occurring relationship between endometriosis and asthma however, there is conflicting evidence and the aetiology, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the relationship, remain unclear. We applied multiple statistical genetic approaches in the analysis of well-powered, genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to comprehensively assess the relationship of endometriosis with asthma. Endometriosis GWAS from the International Endogene Consortium (IEC, 17 054 cases and 191 858 controls) and asthma GWAS from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB, 26 332 cases and 375 505 controls) were analysed. Additional asthma data from the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC, 19 954 cases and 107 715 controls) were utilized for replication testing. We assessed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level genetic overlap and correlation between endometriosis and asthma using SNP effect concordance analysis (SECA) and linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis (LDSC) methods, respectively. GWAS meta-analysis, colocalization (GWAS-PW), gene-based and pathway-based functional enrichment analysis methods were applied, respectively, to identify SNP loci, genomic regions, genes and biological pathways shared by endometriosis and asthma. Potential causal associations between endometriosis and asthma were assessed using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. SECA revealed significant concordance of SNP risk effects across the IEC endometriosis and the UKB asthma GWAS. Also, LDSC analysis found a positive and significant genetic correlation (rG = 0.16, P = 2.01 × 10−6) between the two traits. GWAS meta-analysis of the IEC endometriosis and UKB asthma GWAS identified 14 genome-wide significant (Pmeta-analysis & 5.0 × 10−8) independent loci, five of which are putatively novel. Three of these loci were consistently replicated using TAGC asthma GWAS and reinforced in colocalization and gene-based analyses. Additional shared genomic regions were identified in the colocalization analysis. MR found no evidence of a significant causal association between endometriosis and asthma. However, combining gene-based association results across the GWAS for endometriosis and asthma, we identified 17 shared genes with a genome-wide significant Fisher’s combined P-value (FCPgene) & .73 × 10−6. Additional analyses (independent gene-based analysis) replicated evidence of gene-level genetic overlap between endometriosis and asthma. Biological mechanisms including ‘thyroid hormone signalling’, ‘abnormality of immune system physiology’, ‘androgen biosynthetic process’ and ‘brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway’, among others, were significantly enriched for endometriosis and asthma in a pathway-based analysis. The GWAS for endometriosis data were sourced from the International Endogen Consortium (IEC) and can be accessed by contacting the consortium. The GWAS data for asthma are freely available online at Lee Lab (esources) and from the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC). Given we analysed GWAS datasets from mainly European populations, our results may not be generalizable to other ancestries. This study provides novel insights into mechanisms underpinning endometriosis and asthma, and potentially their observed relationship. Findings support a co-occurring relationship of endometriosis with asthma largely due to shared genetic components. Agents targeting ‘selective androgen receptor modulators’ may be therapeutically relevant in both disorders. Moreover, SNPs, loci, genes and biological pathways identified in our study provide potential targets for further investigation in endometriosis and asthma. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (241,944, 339,462, 389,927, 389,875, 389,891, 389,892, 389,938, 443,036, 442,915, 442,981, 496,610, 496,739, 552,485, 552,498, 1,026,033 and 1,050,208), Wellcome Trust (awards 076113 and 085475) and the Lundbeck Foundation (R102-A9118 and R155-2014-1724). All researchers had full independence from the funders. Authors do not have any conflict of interest.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-025494
Abstract: To estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with home childbirth (delivery) among young mothers aged 15–24 years in Nigeria. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Nigeria. A total of 7543 young mothers aged 15–24 years. Place of delivery. The prevalence of home delivery among young mothers aged 15–24 years was 69.5% (95% CI 67.1% to 71.8%) in Nigeria—78.9% (95%CI 76.3% to 81.2%) in rural and 43.9% (95%CI 38.5% to 49.5%, p .001) in urban Nigeria. Using the Andersen’s behavioural model, increased odds of home delivery were associated with the two environmental factors: rural residence (adjusted OR, AOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.85) and regions of residence (North-East: AOR: 1.97, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.34 North-West: AOR: 2.94, 95% CI 1.80 to 4.83 and South-South: AOR: 3.81, 95% CI 2.38 to 6.06). Three of the enabling factors (lack of health insurance: AOR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.71 difficulty with distance to healthcare facilities: AOR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.88 and times antenatal attendance: AOR: 3.80, 95% CI 3.00 to 4.85) similarly increased the odds of home delivery. Lastly, six predisposing factors—lack of maternal and husband’s education, poor wealth index, Islamic religion, high parity and low frequency of listening to radio—were associated with increased odds of home delivery. Young mothers aged 15–24 years had a higher prevalence of home delivery than the national average for all women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Priority attention is required for young mothers in poor households, rural areas, North-East, North-West and South-South regions. Faith-based interventions, a youth-oriented antenatal care package, education of girls and access to health insurance coverage are recommended to speed up the reduction of home delivery among young mothers in Nigeria.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-027273
Abstract: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with caesarean delivery in Nigeria. This is a secondary analysis of the nationally representative 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. We carried out frequency tabulation, χ 2 test, simple logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to achieve the study objective. Nigeria. A total of 31 171 most recent live deliveries for women aged 15–49 years (mother–child pair) in the 5 years preceding the 2013 NDHS was included in this study. Caesarean mode of delivery. The prevalence of caesarean section (CS) was 2.1% (95% CI 1.8 to 2.3) in Nigeria. At the region level, the South-West had the highest prevalence of 4.7%. Factors associated with increased odds of CS were urban residence (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97), maternal age ≥35 years (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.11), large birth size (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.74) and multiple births (AOR: 4.96, 95% CI 2.84 to 8.62). Greater odds of CS were equally associated with maternal obesity (AOR: 3.16, 95% CI 2.30 to 4.32), Christianity (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.68), birth order of one (AOR: 3.86, 95% CI 2.66 to 5.56), husband’s secondary/higher education level (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.33), health insurance coverage (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.95) and ≥4 antenatal visits (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.17). The prevalence of CS was low, indicating unmet needs in the use of caesarean delivery in Nigeria. Rural–urban, regional and socioeconomic differences were observed, suggesting inequitable access to the obstetric surgery. Intervention efforts need to prioritise women living in rural areas, the North-East and the North-West regions, as well as women of the Islamic faith.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2018.06.043
Abstract: To estimate full hepatitis B vaccination coverage (uptake of ≥3 doses of vaccine) among health-care workers (HCWs) in Africa. We systematically searched the PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL and Psych-Info databases for studies published from January 2010 to October 2017 that reported full hepatitis B vaccination coverage among HCWs in Africa. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine pooled estimates of full vaccination coverage. Of the 331 articles identified, 35 studies from 15 African countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The estimated full hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 24.7% (95% CI: 17.3-32.0). Regional coverage was highest in northern Africa (62.1%, 95% CI: 42.5-81.7) and lowest in central Africa (13.4%, 95% CI: 4.5-22.3). Doctors were more likely (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8-3.7) to be fully vaccinated than Nurses with estimated pooled estimates of 52.4% (95% CI: 31.1-73.8) and 26.3% (95% CI: 9.7-42.9), respectively. Also, HCWs with 10 or more years of experience were more likely to be vaccinated than those with less than 10 years of experience (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5-3.3). The common reasons identified for non-vaccination of HCWs were unavailability of vaccine 50.5% (95% CI: 26.5-74.4), busy work schedule 37.5% (95% CI: 12.6-62.4) and cost of vaccination 18.4% (95% CI: 7.1-29.7). The evidence available suggests that many HCWs in Africa are at risk of Hepatitis B infection as only a quarter of them were fully vaccinated against Hepatitis B virus. This study highlights the need for all African governments to establish and implement hepatitis B vaccination policies for HCWs.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-09-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY208
Abstract: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens through contact with human blood and other body fluids. This study was conducted to estimate the global and regional 1-year prevalence of percutaneous injuries (PCIs) among HCWs. We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo databases for studies published from January 2008 to January 2018 that reported the prevalence of PCIs among HCWs. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of PCIs among HCWs. Of the 5205 articles identified, 148 studies from 43 countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled global 1-year prevalence estimate of PCIs was 36.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32.9-40.0]. There were substantial regional variations in the 1-year prevalence of PCIs, ranging from 7.7% (95% CI: 3.1-12.4) in South America to 43.2% (95% CI: 38.3-48.0) in Asia. The estimates for Africa and Europe were comparable with values of 34.5% (95% CI: 29.9-39.1) and 31.8% (95% CI: 25.0-38.5), respectively. The highest 1-year prevalence by job category was among surgeons, at 72.6% (95% CI: 58.0-87.2). The estimates for medical doctors (excluding surgeons), nurses (including midwives) and laboratory staff (including laboratory technicians) were 44.5% (95% CI: 37.5-51.5), 40.9% (95% CI: 35.2-46.7) and 32.4% (95% CI: 20.9-49.3), respectively. PCIs commonly occurred among HCWs working in hospital (41.8%, 95% CI: 37.6-46.0) than non-hospital (7.5%, 95% CI: 5.9-9.1) settings. Our findings suggest high rates of PCIs among HCWs with direct patient care across many regions of the world. However, paucity of data from some countries was a major limitation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 06-08-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-757229/V1
Abstract: Several observational studies suggest a relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we analysed several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics (N = 34,652 – 456,327) to assess AD and GIT disorders relationships. We found a significant genetic overlap and correlation between AD and each of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), medications for GERD or PUD (PGM), gastritis-duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome and erticulosis, but not inflammatory bowel disease. Our analysis suggests a partial causal association between AD and gastritis-duodenitis, erticulosis and medication for PUD. GWAS meta-analysis identified seven loci (P 5 × 10-8, PDE4B, CD46, SEMA3F, HLA-DRA, MTSS2, PHB, and APOE) shared by AD and PGM, six of which are novel. These loci were replicated using GERD and PUD GWAS and reinforced in gene-based analyses. Lipid metabolism, autoimmune system, lipase inhibitors, PD-1 signalling, and statin pathways were significantly enriched for AD and GIT disorders. These findings support shared genetic susceptibility in AD and GIT disorders. Lipase inhibitors and statins may provide novel therapeutic avenues for AD, GIT disorders, or their comorbidity.
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 13-10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PED.13086
Abstract: Significant reduction in the global burden of neonatal mortality was achieved through the millennium development goals. In Nigeria, however, only a marginal reduction was realized. This study assesses the rural-urban differences in neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and the associated risk factors in Nigeria. The dataset from the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS), disaggregated by rural-urban residence (n = 20 449 and 9935, respectively), was explored using univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analysis. Complex s les analysis was applied to adjust for the unequal selection probabilities due to the multi-stage cluster s ling method used in the 2013 NDHS. The adjusted relationship between the outcome and predictor variables was assessed on multi-level logistic regression analysis. NMR for rural and urban populations was 36 and 28 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Risk factors in urban residence were lack of electricity access (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.555 95%CI: 1.089-2.220), small birth size (as a proxy for low birthweight AOR, 3.048 95%CI: 2.047-4.537), and male gender (AOR, 1.666 95%CI: 1.215-2.284). Risk factors in rural residence were small birth size (a proxy for low birthweight AOR, 2.118 95%CI: 1.600-2.804), and birth interval <2 years (AOR, 2.149 95%CI: 1.760-2.624). Cesarean delivery was a risk factor both in rural (AOR, 5.038 95%CI: 2.617-9.700) and urban Nigeria (AOR, 2.632 95%CI: 1.543-4.489). Determinants of neonatal mortality were different in rural and urban Nigeria, and rural neonates had greater risk of mortality than their urban counterparts.
Publisher: Medip Academy
Date: 2016
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 10-08-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1931535/V1
Abstract: Cognitive decline is typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While studies suggest links between the gut and the brain in the risk of AD, the relationship of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders with cognition is poorly understood. Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics, we assess the relationship of ten cognition-related traits with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and AD. Similar to AD, we demonstrate a highly significant negative genetic correlation between PUD and intelligence (r g = -0.33, P = 2.11 × 10 − 11 ), cognitive performance (r g = -0.32, P = 9.00 × 10 − 16 ), educational attainment (r g = -0.46, P = 5.50 × 10 − 33 ) and other cognitive traits (r g = -0.27 – -0.47, P = 8.41 × 10 − 4 – 5.75 × 10 − 25 ). Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests a risk-decreasing causal influence of genetically predicted intelligence (Odds ratio, OR = 0.77, P = 3.92 × 10 − 7 ), educational attainment (OR = 0.56, P = 6.68 × 10 − 21 ), and cognitive performance (OR = 0.75, P = 2.11 × 10 − 6 ) on PUD’s risk. Genes with nominal association ( P gene 0.05), in gene-based analyses, were significantly enriched ( P binomial − test = 1.18 × 10 − 3 – 3.85 × 10 − 4 ) across cognitive traits, PUD and AD—indicating evidence of gene-level genetic overlap. Combining gene-based association results, we identify many shared genes reaching genome-wide significance ( P Fisher’s−combined−analysis .68 × 10 − 6 ) for cognitive traits, PUD and AD. These findings highlight the protective role of cognitive traits on the risk of PUD and AD, provide additional insights into the genetic relationship of AD with GIT disorders and identify new targets for further investigation.
No related grants have been discovered for Emmanuel O Adewuyi.