ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7095-813X
Current Organisation
University of Freiburg
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Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2020
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 16-03-2017
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003057
Abstract: Ramirez-C illo, R, Moran, J, Drury, B, Williams, M, Keogh, JW, Chaabene, H, and Granacher, U. Effects of equal volume but different plyometric jump training intensities on components of physical fitness in physically active young males. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1916–1923, 2021—An 8-week single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of separate programs of equal volume, but different intensity, plyometric jump training (PJT), on physical fitness in healthy adults. Thirty-eight physically active males (mean age: 21.8 ± 2.5 years) participated. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 3 PJT groups or a control (CON, n = 9) according to their jump performance. Plyometric jump training was conducted at maximal (PJT-100, n = 10), high (PJT-80, n = 9), or moderate (PJT-65, n = 10) intensity within each group. Baseline and follow-up tests were performed for the assessment of countermovement jump (CMJ) height, CMJ height with arm swing (CMJA), and drop jump height from a 20-cm drop box (DJ20), linear speed (30 m), and change-of-direction speed (CODS) (the Illinois CODS test). Results revealed significant group × time interactions for CMJ, CMJA, DJ20, 30-m sprint, and CODS (all p 0.001 d = 0.39–0.76). Post hoc analyses showed significant improvements in all 5 fitness measures for PJT-100 (all p 0.01, Δ3.7–13.5%, d = 0.26–1.4). For PJT-80, 3 of 5 fitness tests demonstrated significant change (CMJ: p 0.001, Δ5.9%, d = 0.33 CMJA: p 0.001, Δ7.0%, d = 0.43 CODS: p 0.001, Δ3.9%, d = 0.9), and for PJT-65, only 1 test was significant (CMJ: p 0.05, Δ2.8%, d = 0.15). No significant changes were observed in CON. Except for similar gains in DJ20 and 30-m sprint in PJT-100 and PJT-80, gains in physical fitness were, in general, greater ( p 0.05) after PJT-100 vs. PJT-80 vs. PJT-65 vs. CON. Therefore, maximal PJT intensity may induce larger physical fitness gains, although high and moderate intensities may also be useful, but to a lesser extent.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-023-00585-5
Abstract: The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older in iduals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in in iduals with neurological conditions. A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included that examined the effects of exercise training on muscle quality (MQ) in older in iduals with and without neurological conditions. Risk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling–Zhang test. Thirty studies ( n = 1494, 34% females) in healthy older in iduals and no studies in in iduals with neurological conditions were eligible for inclusion. Exercise training had small effects on MMQ ( g = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.40, p = 0.029). Heterogeneity was low (median I 2 = 16%). Training and demographic variables did not moderate the effects of exercise on MMQ. There was no association between changes in MMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training improved NMQ ( g = 0.68, 95% CI 0.35–1.01, p 0.000) across all studies, in particular in higher-functioning older in iduals ( g = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38–1.06, p 0.001), in lower extremity muscles ( g = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35–1.13, p = 0.001), and after resistance training ( g = 0.91 95% CI 0.42–1.41, p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was very high (median I 2 = 79%). Of the training and demographic variables, only resistance training moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ. High- versus low-intensity exercise moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ, but these effects were considered unreliable due to a low number of studies at high intensity. There was no association between changes in NMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training has small effects on MMQ and medium-large effects on NMQ in healthy older in iduals. There was no association between improvements in MQ and increases in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Information on dose-response relations following training is currently lacking. There is a critical gap in muscle quality data for older in iduals with lower function and neurological conditions after exercise training. Health practitioners should use resistance training to improve muscle function in older in iduals. Well-designed studies are needed to examine the relevance of exercise training-induced changes in MQ in daily function in older in iduals, especially to those with lower function and neurological conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-09-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FSPOR.2021.689805
Abstract: To ensure health maintenance of young athletes, immunological stress due to physical exercise has to be balanced for performance development and health maintenance. Sleep is an important influencing factor for immune regulation because of its regenerating effect. In an attempt to assess overnight immune regulation, this observational study aimed to examine associations between changes in capillary immunological blood markers and measures of sleep in adolescent athletes. Over a period of three nights, 12 male ( n = 6) and female ( n = 6) adolescent track and field athletes aged 16.4 ± 1.1 years were monitored for their sleep behavior (e.g., sleep duration, sleep depth) and immune regulation by using subjective (e.g., sleep) and objective (capillary blood markers) measurement tools. Over the 4 day (three nights), athletes followed their daily routines (school, homework, free time activities, and training). Training was performed for different disciplines (sprint, hurdles, and long-jump) following their daily training routines. Training included dynamic core stability training, coordination training, speed training, resistance training, and endurance training. Capillary blood s les were taken 30–45 min after the last training session (10:00–12:00 a.m. or 5:00–6:00 p.m.) and every morning between 7:00 and 10:00 a.m. Changes in capillary blood markers from post-training to the next morning and morning-to-morning fluctuations in capillary blood markers were analyzed over a three-night period using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) statistical approach. Associations of overnight changes with measures of sleep were analyzed using GEE. We found significant decreases in white blood cell count (WBC), granulocytes (GRAN), granulocytes% (GRAN%), monocytes (MID), and granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio. In contrast, lymphocytes% (LYM%) increased significantly and systemic inflammation index showed no difference from post-training to the next morning. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in WBC and GRAN between morning 1 and morning 3. At morning 4, values returned to baseline (morning 1), irrespective if athletes performed a training session or rested on day 3. Furthermore, sleep duration was significantly and negatively associated with changes in WBC (β z = −0.491) and lymphocytes (β z = −0.451). Our results indicate that overnight sleep duration is an important parameter of immunological overnight regulation for adolescent athletes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2020
No related grants have been discovered for Urs Granacher.