ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1642-0360
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Geology | Geochronology | Isotope Geochemistry | Geochemistry | Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology | Ore Deposit Petrology | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Igneous And Metamorphic Petrology | Structural Geology | Tectonics | Petroleum and Coal Geology | Palaeoclimatology | Basin Analysis | Inorganic Geochemistry | Exploration Geochemistry | Chemical Oceanography | Marine Geoscience | Geology | Geotectonics | Organic Geochemistry | Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified | Inorganic Geochemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Resource geoscience | Mineralogy and crystallography | Mineral Processing/Beneficiation | Exploration geochemistry | Planetary Science (excl. Extraterrestrial Geology) |
Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Mineral Exploration not elsewhere classified | Oil and Gas Exploration | Precious (Noble) Metal Ore Exploration | Earth sciences | Primary Mining and Extraction of Mineral Resources not elsewhere classified | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Chemical sciences | Physical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Environmentally Sustainable Mineral Resource Activities not elsewhere classified | Zinc Ore Exploration | Iron Ore Exploration | Titanium Minerals, Zircon, and Rare Earth Metal Ore (e.g. Monazite) Exploration | Copper Ore Exploration | Diamond Exploration
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1144/SP335.5
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300001498
Abstract: The relationship between plutonic and volcanic rocks is central to understanding the geochemical evolution of silicic magma systems, but it is clouded by ambiguities associated with unravelling the plutonie record. Here we report an integrated U-Pb, O and Lu-Hf isotope study of zircons from three putative granitic-volcanic rock pairs from the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia, to explore the connection between the intrusive and extrusive realms. The data reveal contrasting petrogenetic scenarios for the S- and I-type pairs. The zircon Hf-O isotope systematics in an 1-type dacite are very similar to those of their plutonie counterpart, supporting an essentially co-magmatic relationship between these units. The elevated δ 18 O of zircons in these I-type rocks confirm a significant supracrustal source component. The S-type volcanic rocks are not the simple erupted equivalents of the granites, although the extrusive and plutonie units can be related by open-system magmatic evolution. Zircons in the S-type rocks define covariant ε Ηf — β O arrays that attest to mixing or assimilation processes between two components, one being the Ordovician metasedimentary country rocks, the other either an I-type magma or a mantle-derived magma. The data are consistent with models involving incremental melt extraction from relatively juvenile magmas undergoing open-system differentiation at depth, followed by crystal-liquid mixing upon emplacement in shallow magma reservoirs, or upon eruption. The latter juxtaposes crystals with markedly different petrogenetic histories and determines whole-rock geochemical and textural properties. This scenario can explain the puzzling decoupling between the bulk rock isotope and geochemical compositions commonly observed for granite suites.
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 11-09-2018
DOI: 10.1130/G45119.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE05191
Abstract: The continental crust covers nearly a third of the Earth's surface. It is buoyant--being less dense than the crust under the surrounding oceans--and is compositionally evolved, dominating the Earth's budget for those elements that preferentially partition into silicate liquid during mantle melting. Models for the differentiation of the continental crust can provide insights into how and when it was formed, and can be used to show that the composition of the basaltic protolith to the continental crust is similar to that of the average lower crust. From the late Archaean to late Proterozoic eras (some 3-1 billion years ago), much of the continental crust appears to have been generated in pulses of relatively rapid growth. Reconciling the sedimentary and igneous records for crustal evolution indicates that it may take up to one billion years for new crust to dominate the sedimentary record. Combining models for the differentiation of the crust and the residence time of elements in the upper crust indicates that the average rate of crust formation is some 2-3 times higher than most previous estimates.
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1130/G36362.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2023
DOI: 10.1111/GGR.12522
Abstract: We characterise zircon megacrysts from Kawisigamuwa carbonatite as a new potential reference material for laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U‐Pb and Hf isotope analysis. We studied ten 0.5‐4 cm long, brown megacrysts that consist of oscillatory zoned (OZ) and nearly featureless cathodoluminescence‐bright recrystallised (RX) zircon domains. The zircons have low to moderate radiation damage (total α‐dose .5 x 10 18 events/g), tested by the measured FWHM of the ν 3 (SiO 4 ) Raman band 5 cm ‐1 . An ID‐TIMS weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 532.39 ± 0.66 Ma (2s uncertainty) was determined for OZ zircon domains of three grains. While Hafnium content varies within and between crystals (6630‐9960 μg/g) the in‐situ mean 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios of ten crystals overlap within uncertainty. We recommend a mean 176 Hf/ 177 Hf of 0.282003 ± 0.000020 (2s) as preliminary working value for OZ domains. Two OZ megacrysts yield indistinguishable δ 18 O VSMOW of 12.1 ± 0.4‰ and 12.2 ± 0.4‰ (2s). Elevated Th/U ( .5), Zr/Hf (59‐75) and low Hafnium contents in OZ domains are similar to those of zircons from carbonatites of mantle origin, while high δ 18 O and low εHf i (‐15.8 to ‐17.1) indicate a crustal contribution. The zircons probably grew from crustal‐derived carbonate melts under high grade metamorphic conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 27-07-2022
DOI: 10.1130/G50208.1
Abstract: The punctuated distribution of major gold deposits along orogenic belts is poorly understood. In northern Perú, gold deposits cluster along trends that transect the subparallel Phanerozoic belts that accreted onto the western margin of the Archean–Proterozoic Amazonian craton. This suggests the influence of as yet unrecognized pre-Andean basement structures in controlling the localization of Phanerozoic deposits. We report the newly discovered Tomac ophiolite, which represents a missing link in tracing a cryptic basement collisional suture striking obliquely to the Peruvian Andes. The Tomac ophiolite signals the opening of a former Neoproterozoic ocean basin between the Amazonian craton and a continental ribbon of dispersed microterranes. Re-accretion of the continental ribbon resulted in the formation of a collisional belt between ca. 465 and 440 Ma. Rifting and re-accretion occurred parallel to the strike of the ca. 1400–1000 Ma Grenvillian-Sunsás orogen, indicating that structural corridors that transect the Andes at an oblique strike angle reflect inheritance of preexisting lithospheric weak zones. Our study demonstrates that Phanerozoic gold deposits in northern Perú cluster at the intersection between the newly defined basement suture and the superimposed Andean belt and associated well-documented cross faults. Gold mineralization was localized at ancient structural intersections, where enhanced permeability facilitated anomalous energy and mass transfer, promoting major ore accumulation during episodes of accretion.
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2015-5371
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-03-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 13-05-2016
DOI: 10.1130/B31337.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2020
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 23-07-2021
DOI: 10.1130/G49328.1
Abstract: The tectonic setting of the Australian sector of the eastern Gondwanan margin during the Jurassic and Cretaceous is enigmatic. Whether this involved convergent tectonism and a long-lived continental magmatic arc or rift-related extension unrelated to subduction is debated. The paucity of Australian Jurassic–Cretaceous igneous outcrops makes resolving these competing models difficult. We used the detrital zircon record of the Jurassic–Cretaceous Great Australian Superbasin (GAS) as a proxy for igneous activity. We attribute the persistent magmatism recorded in GAS sedimentary fill throughout the Mesozoic to ca. 95 Ma to continuation of the established Paleozoic continental arc system. The detrital zircon record signals short (~10 m.y.) pulses of elevated Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatic activity and strongly positive εHf values, indicating juvenile crust or mantle-derived magmatism. Margin reconstruction indicates sustained continental growth at rates of at least ~55 km3 km–1 m.y.–1, mainly to the tract now represented by submerged northern Zealandia, due to the retreat of this arc system. We posit that arc retreat was a key factor in rapid crust generation and preservation, and that continental sedimentary systems globally may host cryptic records of juvenile crustal addition that must be considered in estimating crustal growth rates along convergent plate margins.
Publisher: American Journal of Science (AJS)
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.2475/10.2010.09
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1127
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1130/G23586A.1
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 15-12-2022
DOI: 10.5382/ECONGEO.4892
Abstract: Different genetic and timing models for gold mineralization in the Kalgoorlie gold c (Yilgarn craton, Western Australia) suggest either broadly synchronous, late-stage mineralization related to metamorphic fluids at ca. 2640 Ma or a punctuated mineralization history from ca. 2675 to 2640 Ma with the involvement of early magmatic-hydrothermal systems (represented by the Fimiston, Hidden Secret, and Oroya gold-telluride lodes) and late metamorphic fluids (represented by the Mt. Charlotte gold stockwork veins). The results of U-Pb and Sm-Nd geochronological studies of zircon, apatite, and titanite from pre-ore dikes and syn-ore dikes constrain the absolute timing of mineralization and provide new evidence to this timing controversy. Emplacement ages constrained by U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon data are interpreted to be similar for both the pre-ore dikes (n = 10) and syn-ore dikes (n = 7) at ca. 2675 Ma. An inferred emplacement age of ca. 2675 Ma for the syn-ore dikes is supported by a Sm-Nd isochron age from apatite (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry LA-ICP-MS) of 2678 ± 15 Ma and by a U-Pb titanite age (LA-ICP-MS) of 2679 ± 6 Ma. The results of chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon analysis from the pre- and syn-ore dikes are complicated by multistage Pb loss, reverse discordance, and potential inheritance. However, the data are compatible with the emplacement of Fimiston/Hidden Secret gold mineralization at ca. 2675 Ma and suggest a younger age for Oroya mineralization at ca. 2665 Ma. These results contrast with models for orogenic gold deposits that invoke broadly synchronous, late-stage mineralization related to metamorphic fluids at ca. 2640 Ma. The bulk of the Kalgoorlie gold c ’s estimated 2,300 t Au endowment was emplaced at ca. 2675 Ma as Fimiston/Hidden Secret Au mineralization. This early Au mineralization was deformed and overprinted twice by subordinate Au mineralization at ca. 2665 (Oroya mineralization) and ca. 2640 Ma (Mt. Charlotte mineralization). Gold mineralization in the Kalgoorlie gold c was protracted in nature from ca. 2675 to 2640 Ma and reflects the interplay of early magmatic (Fimiston, Hidden Secret, Oroya) and late metamorphic (Mt. Charlotte) hydrothermal fluid systems in the formation of hybrid intrusion-related and metamorphic orebodies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-12969
Abstract: Zircon megacrysts are unusually large crystals ( 5 mm) that are commonly associated with mantle-derived kimberlites, carbonatites, alkali basalts and syenitic pegmatites (e.g., Hoskin and Schaltegger 2003). Such zircons form during relatively short timespans and therefore, are often used as reference material for U-Pb geochronology. Here, we determine the geochemical and isotopic (U-Pb, Hf, O) characteristics of a little-known occurrence of zircon megacrysts at Kawisigamuwa, Sri Lanka.The dark brown megacrysts are euhedral, commonly elongate crystals with double pyramidal terminations and have faintly corroded crystal surfaces. The zircons consist of oscillatory zoned and nearly featureless cathodoluminescence-bright patches, some of which appear to follow sealed cracks. All zircon domains show a low to moderate FWHM of the & #957 (SiO4) Raman band (2.5 to 7.3 cm-1), have a low to moderate radiation damage (total & #945 -dose mainly .5 x 1018 events/g) and therefore are intermediate to well crystalline. Contents of most trace element (U, Th, REE, P) are elevated in the oscillatory zoned domains, while Hf content is elevated in the CL-bright domains and seems to be grain-dependant. The oscillatory zoned domains yielded a TIMS weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 532.39 & #177 0.66 Ma (2sd). The206Pb/238U dates within the CL-bright domains are partially reset by a single event of recrystallisation at ~518 Ma. The mean Hafnium isotopic compositions of the tested grains show a narrow range of 176Hf/177Hf from 0.281969 to 0.282003. Oxygen isotopes determined on two oscillatory zoned zircon megacrysts are homogeneous (mean & #948 O of 12.1 and 12.2). & & & While some of the trace and major element characteristics (Th/U, Zr/Hf, Hf content) of the Kawisigamuwa megacrysts resemble those of carbonatite zircons, their hafnium and oxygen isotope ratios are clearly different from mantle values. The isotopic values indicate that a significant amount of a crustal component must be involved in the formation of the zircons. Recently, several studies have found evidence for melting of carbonate rocks under high grade metamorphic conditions in Sri Lanka (e.g., Wang et al. 2021). It might be feasible that zircons grow from interaction of crustal derived carbonate melts and silicate melts or wall rocks under high grade metamorphic conditions.Hoskin P.W.O. and Schaltegger U. (2003). The Composition of Zircon and Igneous and Metamorphic Petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 53 (1), 27& #8211 .Wang J., Su B.-X., Chen C., Ferrero S., Malaviarachchi S.P.K., Sakyi P.A., Yang Y.-H. and Dharmapriya P.L. (2021). Crustal derivation of the ca. 475-Ma Eppawala carbonatites in Sri Lanka. Journal of Petrology, 62 (11), 1-18.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 30-09-2013
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 25-09-2019
DOI: 10.1130/G46696.1
Abstract: Knowledge of the age and compositional architecture of Archean cratonic lithosphere is critical for models of geodynamics and continental growth on early Earth, but can be difficult to unravel from the exposed geology. We report the occurrence of numerous .7 Ga zircon crystals in 3.45 Ga rhyolites of the eastern Pilbara Craton (Western Australia), which preserve evidence for an Eoarchean meta-igneous component in the deep Pilbara crust. This inherited zircon population shares similar and distinctive age and Hf-O isotope characteristics with the oldest gneissic components of the Yilgarn Craton ∼500 km farther south, suggesting a common ca. 3.75 Ga felsic crustal nucleus to these two Archean granite-greenstone terranes. We infer a pivotal role for such ‘seeds’ in facilitating the growth and persistence of Archean continental lithosphere.
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-EARTH-063016-020525
Abstract: The record of the continental lithosphere is patchy and incomplete no known rock is older than 4.02 Ga, and less than 5% of the rocks preserved are older than 3 Ga. In addition, there is no recognizable mantle lithosphere from before 3 Ga. We infer that there was lithosphere before 3 Ga and that ∼3 Ga marks the stabilization of blocks of continental lithosphere that have since survived. This was linked to plate tectonics emerging as the dominant tectonic regime in response to thermal cooling, the development of a more rigid lithosphere, and the recycling of water, which may in turn have facilitated plate tectonics. A number of models, using different approaches, suggest that at 3 Ga the volume of continental crust was ∼70% of its present-day volume and that this may be a minimum value. The continental crust before 3 Ga was on average more mafic than that generated subsequently, and this pre-3 Ga mafic new crust had fractionated Lu/Hf and Sm/Nd ratios as inferred for the sources of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite and later granites. The more intermediate composition of new crust generated since 3 Ga is indicated by its higher Rb/Sr ratios. This change in composition was associated with an increase in crustal thickness, which resulted in more emergent crust available for weathering and erosion. This in turn led to an increase in the Sr isotope ratios of seawater and in the drawdown of CO 2 . Since 3 Ga, the preserved record of the continental crust is marked by global cycles of peaks and troughs of U-Pb crystallization ages, with the peaks of ages appearing to match periods of supercontinent assembly. There is increasing evidence that the peaks of ages represent enhanced preservation of magmatic rocks in periods leading up to and including continental collision in the assembly of supercontinents. These are times of increased crustal growth because more of the crust that is generated is retained within the crust. The rates of generation of continental crust and mantle lithosphere may have remained relatively constant at least since 3 Ga, yet the rates of destruction of continental crust have changed with time. Only relatively small volumes of rock are preserved from before 3 Ga, and so it remains difficult to establish which of these are representative of global processes and the extent to which the rock record before 3 Ga is distorted by particular biases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-06-2021
DOI: 10.1093/PETROLOGY/EGAB052
Abstract: Detrital chromites are commonly reported within Archean metasedimentary rocks, but have thus far garnered little attention for use in provenance studies. Systematic variations of Cr–Fe spinel mineral chemistry with changing tectonic setting have resulted in the extensive use of chromite as a petrogenetic indicator, and so detrital chromites represent good candidates to investigate the petrogenesis of eroded Archean mafic and ultramafic crust. Here, we report the compositions of detrital chromites within fuchsitic (Cr-muscovite rich) metasedimentary rocks from the Jack Hills, situated within the Narryer Terrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, which are geologically renowned for hosting Hadean (& Ma) zircons. We highlight signatures of metamorphism, including highly elevated ZnO and MnO, coupled with lowered Mg# in comparison with magmatic chromites, development of pitted domains, and replacement of primary inclusions by phases that are part of the metamorphic assemblages within host metasedimentary rocks. Oxygen isotope compositions of detrital chromites record variable exchange with host metasedimentary rocks. The variability of metamorphic signatures between chromites s led only meters apart further indicates that modification occurred in situ by interaction of detrital chromites with metamorphic fluids and secondary mineral assemblages. Alteration probably occurred during upper greenschist to lower hibolite facies metamorphism and deformation of host metasedimentary rocks at ∼2650 Ma. Regardless of metamorphic signatures, s ling location or grain shape, chromite cores yield a consistent range in Cr#. Although other key petrogenetic indices, such as Fe2O3 and TiO2 contents, are complicated in Jack Hills chromites by mineral non-stoichiometry and secondary mobility within metasedimentary rocks, we demonstrate that the Cr# of chromite yields significant insights into their provenance. Importantly, moderate Cr# (typically 55–70) precludes a komatiitic origin for the bulk of chromites, reflecting a dearth of komatiites and intrusive equivalents within the erosional catchment of the Jack Hills metasedimentary units. We suggest that the Cr# of Jack Hills chromite fits well with chromites derived from layered intrusions, and that a single layered intrusion may account for the observed chemical compositions of Jack Hills detrital chromites. Where detailed characterization of key metamorphic signatures is undertaken, detrital chromites preserved within Archean metasedimentary rocks may therefore yield valuable information on the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of poorly preserved mafic and ultramafic crust.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1130/G24861A.1
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2176
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 24-02-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2020-6964
Abstract: Quantitative X-ray element maps of cassiterite crystals from four localities show that Ti, Fe, Nb, Ta, and W define oscillatory zonation patterns and that the cathodoluminescent response is due to a complex interplay between Ti activated emission paired with quenching effects from Fe, Nb, Ta, and W. Sector zonation is commonly highlighted by domains of high Fe, incorporated via a substitution mechanism independent of Nb and Ta. A second form of sector zonation is highlighted by distributions of W separate to the Fe-dominant sector zone. Both sector zones show quenched cathodoluminescence and are indistinguishable under routine SEM CL imaging. For cassiterite already high in Fe (and Nb or Ta), such as in pegmatitic or granitic s les, the internal structure of the grain may remain obscured when imaged by cathodoluminescence techniques, regardless of the presence of sector zonation. Careful petrogenetic assessments using a combination of panchromatic and hyperspectral CL, aided by quantitative elemental X-ray mapping, is a prerequisite step to elucidate cassiterite petrogenetic history and properly characterize these grains for in situ microanalysis. The absence of a clear petrogenetic framework may lead to unknowingly poor spot selection during in situ analyses for geochronology and trace element geochemistry, and/or erroneous interpretations of U-Pb and O isotopic data.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE04505
Abstract: It is thought that continental crust existed as early as 150 million years after planetary accretion, but assessing the rates and processes of subsequent crustal growth requires linking the apparently contradictory information from the igneous and sedimentary rock records. For ex le, the striking global peaks in juvenile igneous activity 2.7, 1.9 and 1.2 Gyr ago imply rapid crustal generation in response to the emplacement of mantle 'super-plumes', rather than by the continuous process of subduction. Yet uncertainties persist over whether these age peaks are artefacts of selective preservation, and over how to reconcile episodic crust formation with the smooth crustal evolution curves inferred from neodymium isotope variations of sedimentary rocks. Detrital zircons encapsulate a more representative record of igneous events than the exposed geology and their hafnium isotope ratios reflect the time since the source of the parental magmas separated from the mantle. These 'model' ages are only meaningful if the host magma lacked a mixed or sedimentary source component, but the latter can be diagnosed by oxygen isotopes, which are strongly fractionated by rock-hydrosphere interactions. Here we report the first study that integrates hafnium and oxygen isotopes, all measured in situ on the same, precisely dated detrital zircon grains. The data reveal that crust generation in part of Gondwana was limited to major pulses at 1.9 and 3.3 Gyr ago, and that the zircons crystallized during repeated reworking of crust formed at these times. The implication is that the mechanisms of crust formation differed from those of crustal differentiation in ancient orogenic belts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-10-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1999
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2019-6466
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1130/G21706.1
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-35208-2
Abstract: Converging lines of evidence suggest that, during the late Archean, Earth completed its transition from a stagnant-lid to a plate tectonics regime, although how and when this transition occurred is debated. The geological record indicates that some form of subduction, a key component of plate tectonics—has operated since the Mesoarchean, even though the tectonic style and timescales of burial and exhumation cycles within ancient convergent margins are poorly constrained. Here, we present a Neoarchean pressure–temperature–time ( P–T–t ) path from supracrustal rocks of the transpressional Yilgarn orogen (Western Australia), which documents how sea-floor-altered rocks underwent deep burial then exhumation during shortening that was unrelated to the episode of burial. Archean subduction, even if generally short-lived, was capable of producing eclogites along converging lithosphere boundaries, although exhumation processes in those environments were likely less efficient than today, such that return of high-pressure rocks to the surface was rare.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1130/G39969.1
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/GGR.12182
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2003
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 29-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-08-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MIN11090944
Abstract: The Goiás Archean Block (GAB) in central Brazil is an important gold district that hosts several world-class orogenic gold deposits. A better comprehension of the crustal, tectono-magmatic, and metallogenic settings of the GAB is essential to accurately define its geological evolution, evaluate Archean crustal growth models, and target gold deposits. We present an overview of gold systems, regional whole-rock Sm-Nd analyses that have been used to constrain the geological evolution of the GAB, and augment this with new in situ zircon U-Pb and Hf-O isotope data. The orogenic gold deposits show variable host rocks, structural settings, hydrothermal alteration, and ore mineralogy, but they represent epigenetic deposits formed during the same regional hydrothermal event. The overprinting of metamorphic assemblages by ore mineralogy suggests the hydrothermal event is post-peak metamorphism. The metamorphic grade of the host rocks is predominantly greenschist, locally reaching hibolite facies. Isotope-time trends support a Mesoarchean origin of the GAB, with ocean opening at 3000–2900 Ma, and reworking at 2800–2700 Ma. Crustal growth was dominated by subduction processes via in situ magmatic additions along lithospheric discontinuities and craton margins. This promoted a crustal architecture composed of young, juvenile intra-cratonic terranes and old, long-lived reworked crustal margins. This framework provided pathways for magmatism and fluids that drove the gold endowment of the GAB.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-01-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 16-02-2007
Abstract: Granitic plutonism is the principal agent of crustal differentiation, but linking granite emplacement to crust formation requires knowledge of the magmatic evolution, which is notoriously difficult to reconstruct from bulk rock compositions. We unlocked the plutonic archive through hafnium (Hf) and oxygen (O) isotope analysis of zoned zircon crystals from the classic hornblende-bearing (I-type) granites of eastern Australia. This granite type forms by the reworking of sedimentary materials by mantle-like magmas instead of by remelting ancient metamorphosed igneous rocks as widely believed. I-type magmatism thus drives the coupled growth and differentiation of continental crust.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2012
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1432
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 10-2018
Abstract: Many studies link the presence of continents on Earth to the operation of plate tectonics. Radiogenic isotope data have, however, long consigned the bulk of crust generation and preservation to the murky realm of the Precambrian Earth, where the prevailing geodynamic systems are highly uncertain due to the sparse and complex nature of the geological record of these early eons. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of this geological record, considering the biases and artefacts that may undermine its fidelity, and to assess what are the most robust lines of evidence from which meaningful geodynamic inferences can be drawn. This is pursued with reference to Hadean detrital zircons, Archean gneiss complexes and Archean granite–greenstone terranes, and by considering isotopic proxies of crust–mantle interaction. The evidence reinforces long held views that the formation of some of the oldest continental nuclei involved a distinctive mode of planetary geodynamics that rests uneasily within definitions of modern style plate tectonics. A detailed interrogation of the oldest rocks, integrating multi-scale information from the best preserved whole-rock and mineral archives, and emphasizing careful selection at the s ling and analytical stages, will lead to the most robust input data for petrological and thermodynamic models of early Earth processes. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Earth dynamics and the development of plate tectonics’.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 02-08-2022
DOI: 10.1130/G50256.1
Abstract: The Proterozoic assembly of Australia, the understanding of which is critical for reconstructing Proterozoic supercontinents, involved amalgamation of the West Australian (WAC), North Australian (NAC), and South Australian cratons (SAC). However, the basement between these Archean to early Proterozoic lithospheric blocks is mostly buried beneath younger basins hence, its composition and age and the timing of Proterozoic assembly remain uncertain. In situ zircon U-Pb-O-Hf analyses of igneous rocks from drillholes that intersected basement beneath the northwestern Canning Basin reveal the presence of a substantial domain of juvenile Proterozoic lithosphere, the Percival Lakes province, between the WAC and NAC. Although isotopically distinct from the neighboring WAC and NAC, the Percival Lakes province is strikingly similar to other juvenile Proterozoic tectonic elements between the WAC, NAC, and SAC. Combining isotope and seismic data, we interpret the Percival Lakes province as part of an ~1700 × 400 km Proterozoic lithospheric domain that lacks evidence of Archean provenance but consists mainly of reworked remnants of Mesoproterozoic oceanic crust that survived WAC-NAC-SAC convergence. The apparent absence of Archean lithosphere between the cratons implies they never directly collided or that complete collision was prevented by impingement of three-dimensional promontories in the converging lithospheric blocks. Instead, the Percival Lakes province and other Proterozoic elements between the WAC, NAC, and SAC consist of oceanic lithosphere extracted from Earth's mantle in the Proterozoic. Our results imply that WAC-NAC convergence was younger than Columbia amalgamation at ca. 1.8 Ga and that Proterozoic Australia formed during the earliest phases of Rodinia assembly at ca. 1.3 Ga.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE11140
Abstract: Earth's lithosphere probably experienced an evolution towards the modern plate tectonic regime, owing to secular changes in mantle temperature. Radiogenic isotope variations are interpreted as evidence for the declining rates of continental crustal growth over time, with some estimates suggesting that over 70% of the present continental crustal reservoir was extracted by the end of the Archaean eon. Patterns of crustal growth and reworking in rocks younger than three billion years (Gyr) are thought to reflect the assembly and break-up of supercontinents by Wilson cycle processes and mark an important change in lithosphere dynamics. In southern West Greenland numerous studies have, however, argued for subduction settings and crust growth by arc accretion back to 3.8 Gyr ago, suggesting that modern-day tectonic regimes operated during the formation of the earliest crustal rock record. Here we report in situ uranium-lead, hafnium and oxygen isotope data from zircons of basement rocks in southern West Greenland across the critical time period during which modern-like tectonic regimes could have initiated. Our data show pronounced differences in the hafnium isotope-time patterns across this interval, requiring changes in the characteristics of the magmatic protolith. The observations suggest that 3.9-3.5-Gyr-old rocks differentiated from a >3.9-Gyr-old source reservoir with a chondritic to slightly depleted hafnium isotope composition. In contrast, rocks formed after 3.2 Gyr ago register the first additions of juvenile depleted material (that is, new mantle-derived crust) since 3.9 Gyr ago, and are characterized by striking shifts in hafnium isotope ratios similar to those shown by Phanerozoic subduction-related orogens. These data suggest a transitional period 3.5-3.2 Gyr ago from an ancient (3.9-3.5 Gyr old) crustal evolutionary regime unlike that of modern plate tectonics to a geodynamic setting after 3.2 Gyr ago that involved juvenile crust generation by plate tectonic processes.
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End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $190,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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