Simon Corrie

A structural study of hybrid organosilica materials for colloid-based DNA biosensors

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1039/B714309E

Blood, sweat, and tears: Developing clinically relevant protein biosensors for integrated body fluid analysis

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1039/C5AN00464K

Abstract: This review describes the challenges, opportunities and recent advances in developing clinically applicable biosensors for integrated body fluid analysis.

Surface modification and characterization of polycarbonate microdevices for capture of circulating biomarkers, both in vitro and in vivo

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 21-10-2013

DOI: 10.1021/AC402942X

Abstract: Herein, we report the fabrication, characterization, and testing of a polymer microprojection array, for the direct and selective capture of circulating biomarkers from the skin of live mice. First, we modified polycarbonate wafers using an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction with nitric acid to insert aromatic nitro-groups into the benzene rings, followed by treatment with sodium borohydride to reduce the nitro-groups to primary amines. Initial characterization by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy suggested that increasing acid concentration led to increased depth of material modification and that this was associated with decreased surface hardness and slight changes in surface roughness. Chemical analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy showed nitrogen species present at the surface for all acid concentrations used, but subsurface nitrogen species were only observed at acid concentrations >35%. The nitrogen species were identified as a mixture of nitro, imine, and amine groups, and following reduction, there was sufficient amounts of primary amine groups for covalent attachment of a polyethylene glycol antifouling layer and protein capture probes, as determined by colorimetric and radiometric assays. Finally, the modification scheme was applied to polycarbonate microprojection arrays, and we show that these devices achieve flank skin penetration depths and biomarker yields comparable with our previously reported gold-coated silicon arrays, with very low nonspecific binding even in 10% mouse serum (in vitro) or directly in mouse skin (in vivo). This study is the first demonstration showing the potential utility of polymer microprojections in immunodiagnostics applications.

Recombinant Antibody Engineering Enables Reversible Binding for Continuous Protein Biosensing

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 22-01-2021

DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.0C01510

Fabrication of micro-nanoprojection arrays and the effect of morphing on the needle profile

Publisher: IEEE

Date: 02-2010

DOI: 10.1109/ICONN.2010.6045229

Characterization of Key Bio–Nano Interactions between Organosilica Nanoparticles and Candida albicans

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 04-09-2019

DOI: 10.1021/ACSAMI.9B10853

Abstract: Nanoparticle-cell interactions between silica nanomaterials and mammalian cells have been investigated extensively in the context of drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. While there are also opportunities for applications in infectious disease, the interactions of silica nanoparticles with pathogenic microbes are relatively underexplored. To bridge this knowledge gap, here, we investigate the effects of organosilica nanoparticles of different sizes, concentrations, and surface coatings on surface association and viability of the major human fungal pathogen

The Development of Nanoparticles for the Detection and Imaging of Ovarian Cancers

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 28-10-2021

DOI: 10.3390/BIOMEDICINES9111554

Abstract: Ovarian cancer remains as one of the most lethal gynecological cancers to date, with major challenges associated with screening, diagnosis and treatment of the disease and an urgent need for new technologies that can meet these challenges. Nanomaterials provide new opportunities in diagnosis and therapeutic management of many different types of cancers. In this review, we highlight recent promising developments of nanoparticles designed specifically for the detection or imaging of ovarian cancer that have reached the preclinical stage of development. This includes contrast agents, molecular imaging agents and intraoperative aids that have been designed for integration into standard imaging procedures. While numerous nanoparticle systems have been developed for ovarian cancer detection and imaging, specific design criteria governing nanomaterial targeting, biodistribution and clearance from the peritoneal cavity remain key challenges that need to be overcome before these promising tools can accomplish significant breakthroughs into the clinical setting.

Multiplex–microsphere–quantitative polymerase chain reaction: Nucleic acid amplification and detection on microspheres

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.AB.2012.09.017

Abstract: We report the development of a new system to monitor the lification of nucleic acids on microspheres. This was realized by the design of (i) a "universal" oligonucleotide "tagged" polymerase chain reaction (PCR) forward primer, (ii) a sensor sequence complementary to the universal sequence on the forward PCR primer modified with a fluorescent dye, and (iii) a universal oligonucleotide coupled to Luminex microspheres. The PCR takes place with the microspheres present in the reaction tube. With the consumption of the universal oligonucleotide tagged forward primer, the fluorescently labeled sequences can bind to the universal oligonucleotide on the microspheres. We tested the microsphere quantitative PCR system with up to three different target genes (Neisseria meningitides porA and ctrA and influenza A M gene segment) as templates in a single PCR tube. The analytical sensitivity of this quantitative PCR system was tested and compared with the TaqMan system. The multiplex-microsphere-quantitative PCR system does not require design of unique internal probes for each target and has potential for a high degree of multiplexing, greater than the limited multiplexing achievable with current real-time protocols.

High density and high aspect ratio solid micro-nanoprojection arrays for targeted skin vaccine delivery and specific antibody extraction

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20153D

Expression of Mir-21 and Mir-143 in Cervical Specimens Ranging from Histologically Normal through to Invasive Cervical Cancer

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 14-12-2011

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0028423

Design of Polarity-Dependent Immunosensors Based on the Structural Analysis of Engineered Antibodies

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 13-07-2023

DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMBIO.3C00303

PrimRglo: A multiplexable quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction system for nucleic acid detection

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.AB.2011.12.038

Abstract: We report the development of a new real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection system that uses oligonucleotide "tagged" PCR primers, a fluorophore-labeled "universal" detection oligonucleotides, and a complementary quenching oligonucleotide. The fluorescence signal decreases as PCR product accumulates due to the increase in detection/quencher hybrid formation as the tagged primer is consumed. We use plasmids containing the influenza A matrix gene and the porA and ctrA genes of Neisseria meningitidis as targets for developing the system. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were generated, and the sensitivity of the new system (dubbed "PrimRglo") compared favorably with the commonly used SYBR green and Taqman detection systems and, unlike the latter system, does not require the design of a new dual-labeled detection oligonucleotide for each new target sequence.

Investigating the effect of substrate materials on wearable immunoassay performance

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 11-01-2017

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.6B03933

Abstract: Immunoassays are ubiquitous across research and clinical laboratories, yet little attention is paid to the effect of the substrate material on the assay performance characteristics. Given the emerging interest in wearable immunoassay formats, investigations into substrate materials that provide an optimal mix of mechanical and bioanalytical properties are paramount. In the course of our research in developing wearable immunoassays which can penetrate skin to selectively capture disease antigens from the underlying blood vessels, we recently identified significant differences in immunoassay performance between gold and polycarbonate surfaces, even with a consistent surface modification procedure. We observed significant differences in PEG density, antibody immobilization, and nonspecific adsorption between the two substrates. Despite a higher PEG density formed on gold-coated surfaces than on amine-functionalized polycarbonate, the latter revealed a higher immobilized capture antibody density and lower nonspecific adsorption, leading to improved signal-to-noise ratios and assay sensitivities. The major conclusion from this study is that in designing wearable bioassays or biosensors, the design and its effect on the antifouling polymer layer can significantly affect the assay performance in terms of analytical specificity and sensitivity.

Multiplatform comparison of multiplexed bead arrays using HPV genotyping as a test case

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-07-2011

DOI: 10.1002/CYTO.A.21109

Abstract: While previous studies have investigated the utility of Luminex technology in comparison to other standard techniques, there have been few studies directly comparing different bead-based assays. A key barrier to establishing Luminex technology in research or clinical laboratories is the apparent need to purchase not only encoded bead sets but also the Luminex instrument. However, as flow cytometry instrumentation continues to improve in sensitivity and in the number and ersity of detection parameters, a erse range of bead-based assays is likely to emerge. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping requires multiplexed analysis of 10-100 in idual genotypes per s le, which is well suited to bead-based assays whilst technically challenging and costly for related technologies (e.g., qPCR). Here we performed an unbiased technical comparison between Luminex technology and our in-house 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane ("MPS") bead platform, which has been designed for integration with generic cytometry instruments. In genotyping 200 clinical s les, we compared the two bead assays against the goldstandard Roche Line Blot (RLB) assay, and both performed well in receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We also show instrument-based differences are a significant factor in comparing the methods, which needs to be considered in future comparative studies. These multi-platform analyses are important in establishing the validity of new methods, as well as highlighting specific advantages and disadvantages of the assays for specific applications.

Development of a multiplexed bead-based assay for detection of DNA methylation in cancer-related genes

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1039/B813077A

Abstract: Herein we report a method for the detection of methylated CpG dinucleotides located within CpG islands in genomic DNA using multiplexed bead-based assays and standard flow cytometry instrumentation. Four CpG "clusters" were identified in the TFPI2 and SPARC CpG islands whose methylation status was highly correlated with the incidence of invasive cervical cancer in our previous studies. Eight probes in total were designed for both the methylated and unmethylated forms of each cluster and attached to different fluorescently-encoded organosilica bead sets. Probe design was investigated by changing either the length of probes whilst keeping the melting temperature constant, or changing the melting temperature and keeping the probe length constant. Asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods designed without methylation-specific primers were used to prepare fluorescently-labelled targets based on bisulfite-converted genomic DNA. After investigating the specificity of the probes in a model system using fluorescently-labelled synthetic oligonucleotides, cancer cell-line DNA was analysed and the constant length probe design facilitated the correct genotyping of all clusters with respect to negative controls.

Modified Organosilica Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Stable pH Sensing in Biological Solutions

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 10-04-2018

DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.8B00034

Abstract: Continuous monitoring using nanoparticle-based sensors has been successfully employed in complex biological systems, yet the sensors still suffer from poor long-term stability partially because of the scaffold materials chosen to date. Organosilica core-shell nanoparticles containing a mixture of covalently incorporated pH-sensitive (shell) and pH-insensitive (core) fluorophores is presented as a continuous pH sensor for application in biological media. In contrast to previous studies focusing on similar materials, we sought to investigate the sensor characteristics (dynamic range, sensitivity, response time, stability) as a function of material properties. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities at specific wavelengths was found to be highly sensitive to pH over a physiologically relevant range (4.5-8) with a response time of <100 ms, significantly faster than that of previously reported response times using silica-based particles. Particles produced stable, pH-specific signals when stored at room temperature for more than 80 days. Finally, we demonstrated that the nanosensors successfully monitored the pH of a bacterial culture over 15 h and that pH changes in the skin of mouse cadavers could also be observed via in vivo fluorescence imaging following subcutaneous injection. The understanding gained from linking sensor characteristics and material properties will inform the next generation of optical nanosensors for continuous-monitoring applications.

Quantitative data analysis methods for bead‐based DNA hybridization assays using generic flow cytometry platforms

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 13-03-2008

DOI: 10.1002/CYTO.A.20534

Abstract: Bead-based assays are in demand for rapid genomic and proteomic assays for both research and clinical purposes. Standard quantitative procedures addressing raw data quality and analysis are required to ensure the data are consistent and reproducible across laboratories independent of flow platform. Quantitative procedures have been introduced spanning raw histogram analysis through to absolute target quantitation. These included models developed to estimate the absolute number of s le molecules bound per bead (Langmuir isotherm), relative quantitative comparisons (two-sided t-tests), and statistical analyses investigating the quality of raw fluorescence data. The absolute target quantitation method revealed a concentration range (below probe saturation) of Cy5-labeled synthetic cytokeratin 19 (K19) RNA of c.a. 1 x 10(4) to 500 x 10(4) molecules/bead, with a binding constant of c.a. 1.6 nM. Raw hybridization frequency histograms were observed to be highly reproducible across 10 triplex assay replicates and only three assay replicates were required to distinguish overlapping peaks representing small sequence mismatches. This study provides a quantitative scheme for determining the absolute target concentration in nucleic acid hybridization reactions and the equilibrium binding constants for in idual probe/target pairs. It is envisaged that such studies will form the basis of standard analytical procedures for bead-based cytometry assays to ensure reproducibility in inter- and intra-platform comparisons of data between laboratories.

Stability and Performance Study of Fluorescent Organosilica pH Nanosensors

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 19-05-2021

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.1C00936

Welcome Remarks - M03: In Vivo Nano Biosensors

Publisher: The Electrochemical Society

Date: 23-11-2020

DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-0267OPENMTGABS

Abstract: Welcome to M03: In Vivo Nano Biosensors! Take a moment to listen to welcome remarks from the lead organizer, Daniel Heller and co-organizer, Simon Corrie.

Functionalized Organosilica Microspheres via a Novel Emulsion-Based Route

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 09-09-2005

DOI: 10.1021/LA0514112

Abstract: Thiol-functionalized organosilica microspheres were synthesized via a two-step process: (1) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), followed by (2) base-catalyzed condensation, which led to the rapid formation of emulsion droplets with a narrow size distribution. These droplets continued to condense to form solid microspheres. Solution (29)Si NMR and optical microscopy were applied to study the mechanism of this novel synthetic route. Solid-state (29)Si NMR, SEM, zeta potential titration, and Coulter counter measurements were used to study the bulk and surface properties and to determine the particle size distributions of the final microspheres. Compared to conventional Stöber silica particles, these microspheres were shown to have a lower degree of cross-linking (average degree of condensation, r = 1.25), a larger average size (up to 6 microm), and a higher isoelectric point (pH = 4.4). Confocal microscopy of dye-labeled microspheres showed an even distribution of dye molecules throughout the interior, characteristic of a readily accessible and permeable organosilica network. These findings have implications for the production of functionalized solid supports for use in catalysis and biological applications, such as optically encoded carriers for combinatorial synthesis.

Nano-Bio Interactions: Guiding the Development of Nanoparticle Therapeutics, Diagnostics, and Imaging Agents

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-08-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11095-016-2009-Y

Early circulating biomarker detection using a wearable microprojection array skin patch

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2013.08.078

Abstract: Microprojection array (MPA) skin patches selectively capture circulating biomarkers from the dermal layers of the skin, avoiding the need to extract, handle or process blood. Here we investigate the effect of improving biomarker capture in vivo on MPA detection of a model biomarker (antigen-specific-IgG raised in response to Fluvax vaccine) in a murine model. First, we investigate targeting MPA penetration to biomarker rich regions of the skin by varying MPA penetration depth. We observed a 4-fold increase in biomarker capture from predominantly epidermal to deep dermal penetration (27 ± 9 μm-153 ± 30 μm penetration range). We then study the kinetics of biomarker capture by varying the contact time with skin from rapid application (less than 20 min) to long term application (up to 24 h) with a wearable MPA patch. We observed MPAs reproducibly captured detectable amounts of our model biomarker after 10 min application and a greater than 6-fold increase in capture was observed up to 6 h application. Combining the effect of penetration depth and application time we obtained comparable early detection (after vaccination) of our model biomarker as a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We expect that integration of these devices with existing detection technologies has potential advantages in rapid diagnostic tests, particularly in cases where laboratory-based s le collection and processing is not available.

Rapid and selective sampling of IgG from skin in less than 1 min using a high surface area wearable immunoassay patch

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2018.03.039

Abstract: Microprojection array (MPA) patches are an attractive approach to selectively capture circulating proteins from the skin with minimal invasiveness for diagnostics at the point-of-care or in the home. A key challenge to develop this technology is to extract sufficient quantities of specific proteins from within the skin to enable high diagnostic sensitivity within a convenient amount of time. To achieve this, we investigated the effect of MPA geometry (i.e. projection density, length and array size) on protein capture. We hypothesised that the penetrated surface area of MPAs is a major determinant of protein capture however it was not known if simultaneously increasing projection density, length and array size is possible without adversely affecting penetration and/or tolerability. We show that increasing the projection density (5000-30,000 proj. cm

Organosilica Particles for DNA Screening Applications

Publisher: IEEE

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1109/ICONN.2006.340599

Ultrasound-Responsive Nanoparticles for Continuous pH Sensing In Vivo

Publisher: The Electrochemical Society

Date: 23-11-2020

DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-02673426MTGABS

Abstract: Ultrasound (US) is one of the most commonly used medical imaging techniques. Contrast agents are administered to patients to improve fidelity of US images and for theranostic applications. The majority of current research into US contrast agents relies on microbubbles containing a phospholipid shell surrounding a gaseous core, as this leads to high degree of echogenicity. However, these materials only last for 5-30 minutes in vivo due to diffusion of the gas into the bloodstream. To our knowledge, the combination of ultrasound technology and contrast agents to create in vivo biosensors has not yet been investigated. In this work we designed and produced a pH-sensitive US contrast agent based on core-shell materials. Here we used a silica scaffold coated with Layer-by-Layer (LbL) polymer as the dynamic component (Figure 1). We found that following encapsulation of the hybrid particle in a silica shell, pH changes induced polymer rigidity changes which could be detected using standard clinical and pre-clinical ultrasound imaging systems. Herein we will describe the material design and characterisation, gel phantom ultrasound studies, and real-time in vivo biosensing of pH in the live animal. Such biosensors could find application in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics in deep tissue, providing real-time information without relying on laboratory infrastructure or complex imaging systems.

Drug Delivery

Publisher: CRC Press

Date: 15-09-2016

DOI: 10.1201/9781315382579

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Biofunctionalized Fluorescent Silica Particles

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 14-02-2006

DOI: 10.1021/LA052433R

Abstract: A strategy for the production and subsequent characterization of biofunctionalized silica particles is presented. The particles were engineered to produce a bifunctional material capable of both (a) the attachment of fluorescent dyes for particle encoding and (b) the sequential modification of the surface of the particles to couple oligonucleotide probes. A combination of microscopic and analytical methods is implemented to demonstrate that modification of the particles with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane results in an even distribution of amine groups across the particle surface. Evidence is provided to indicate that there are negligible interactions between the bound fluorescent dyes and the attached biomolecules. A unique approach was adopted to provide direct quantification of the oligonucleotide probe loading on the particle surface through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a technique which may have a major impact for current researchers and users of bead-based technologies. A simple hybridization assay showing high sequence specificity is included to demonstrate the applicability of these particles to DNA screening.

Evaluation of techniques used for visualisation of hydrogel morphology and determination of pore size distributions

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1039/D2MA00932C

Abstract: This study evaluated stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), for visualising the morphology and obtaining pore size information of agarose hydrogels.

Extending Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis to Ultralow Abundance Mutations: Techniques and Challenges

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 14-02-2018

DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.7B00953

Abstract: Liquid biopsies that analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) hold great promise in the guidance of clinical treatment for various cancers. However, the innate characteristics of ctDNA make it a difficult target: ctDNA is highly fragmented, and found at very low concentrations, both in absolute terms and relative to wildtype species. Clinically relevant target sequences often differ from the wildtype species by a single DNA base pair. These characteristics make analyzing mutant ctDNA a uniquely difficult process. Despite this, techniques have recently emerged for analyzing ctDNA, and have been used in pilot studies that showed promising results. These techniques each have various drawbacks, either in their analytical capabilities or in practical considerations, which restrict their application to many clinical situations. Many of the most promising potential applications of ctDNA require assay characteristics that are not currently available, and new techniques with these properties could have benefits in companion diagnostics, monitoring response to treatment and early detection. Here we review the current state of the art in ctDNA detection, with critical comparison of the analytical techniques themselves. We also examine the improvements required to expand ctDNA diagnostics to more advanced applications and discuss the most likely pathways for these improvements.

Rapid Gel Card Agglutination Assays for Serological Analysis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 16-07-2020

DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.0C01050

Wavelength-Dependent Fluorescent Immunosensors via Incorporation of Polarity Indicators near the Binding Interface of Antibody Fragments

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 22-05-2019

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B00445

Abstract: Herein, we describe a fluorescent immunosensor designed by incorporating an unnatural amino acid fluorophore into the binding site of an EGFR-specific antibody fragment, resulting in quantifiable EGFR-dependent changes in peak fluorescence emission wavelength. To date, immunosensor design strategies have relied on binding-induced changes in fluorescence intensity that are prone to excitation source fluctuations and s le-dependent noise. In this study, we used a rational design approach to incorporate a polarity indicator (Anap) into specific positions of an anti-EGFR single chain antibody to generate an emission wavelength-dependent immunosensor. We found that when incorporated within the topological neighborhood of the antigen binding interface, the Anap emission wavelength is blue-shifted by EGFR-binding in a titratable manner, up to 20 nm, with nanomolar detection limits. This approach could be applicable to other antibody/antigen combinations for integration into a wide range of assay platforms (including homogeneous, solid-phase assay, or microfluidic assays) for one-step protein quantification.

The emerging role of nanomaterials in immunological sensing — a brief review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.MOLIMM.2017.12.017

Abstract: Nanomaterials are beginning to play an important role in the next generation of immunological assays and biosensors, with potential impacts both in research and clinical practice. In this brief review, we highlight two areas in which nanomaterials are already making new and important contributions in the past 5-10 years: firstly, in the improvement of assay and biosensor sensitivity for detection of low abundance proteins of immunological significance, and secondly, in the real-time and continuous monitoring of protein secretion from arrays of in idual cells. We finish by challenging the immunology/sensing communities to work together to develop nanomaterials that can provide real-time, continuous, and sensitive molecular readouts in vivo, a lofty goal that will require significant collaborative effort.

Inactivated poliovirus type 2 vaccine delivered to rat skin via high density microprojection array elicits potent neutralising antibody responses.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-02-2016

DOI: 10.1038/SREP22094

Abstract: Polio eradication is progressing rapidly and the live attenuated Sabin strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are being removed sequentially, starting with type 2 in April 2016. For risk mitigation, countries are introducing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into routine vaccination programs. After April 2016, monovalent type 2 OPV will be available for type 2 outbreak control. Because the current IPV is not suitable for house-to-house vaccination c aigns (the intramuscular injections require health professionals), we developed a high-density microprojection array, the Nanopatch, delivered monovalent type 2 IPV (IPV2) vaccine to the skin. To assess the immunogenicity of the Nanopatch, we performed a dose-matched study in rats, comparing the immunogenicity of IPV2 delivered by intramuscular injection or Nanopatch immunisation. A single dose of 0.2 D-antigen units of IPV2 elicited protective levels of poliovirus antibodies in 100% of animals. However, animals receiving IPV2 by IM required at least 3 immunisations to reach the same neutralising antibody titres. This level of dose reduction (1/40th of a full dose) is unprecedented for poliovirus vaccine delivery. The ease of administration coupled with the dose reduction observed in this study points to the Nanopatch as a potential tool for facilitating inexpensive IPV for mass vaccination c aigns.

Dynamic Solid-State Ultrasound Contrast Agent for Monitoring pH Fluctuations in Vivo

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 23-03-2020

DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.0C00245

Bisulfite-free analysis of 5MeC-binding proteins and locus-specific methylation density using a microparticle-based flow cytometry assay

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1039/C0AN00790K

Abstract: DNA methylation analysis is emerging as a new technique with potential capabilities for early cancer detection. However, current state-of-the-art techniques are not easily translatable into routine clinical methods. Herein we describe a bead-based flow cytometry assay which combines DNA hybridization to microparticles with 5MeC-specific proteins/antibodies. These assays can be used to study the binding properties of current and emerging 5MeC-binding proteins and may also have potential in the measurement of 5MeC density in clinical s les for cancer detection.

Development of a Multiplexed Microsphere PCR for Culture-Free Detection and Gram-Typing of Bacteria in Human Blood Samples

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 19-01-2018

DOI: 10.1021/ACSINFECDIS.7B00277

Abstract: Bloodstream infection is a significant clinical problem, particularly in vulnerable patient groups such as those undergoing chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Clinical diagnostics for suspected bloodstream infection remain centered around blood culture (highly variable timing, in the order of hours to days to become positive), and empiric use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is therefore employed for patients presenting with febrile neutropenia. Gram-typing provides the first opportunity to target therapy (e.g., combinations containing vancomycin or teicoplanin for Gram-positives piperacillin-tazobactam or a carbapenem for Gram-negatives) however, current approaches require blood culture. In this study, we describe a multiplexed microsphere-PCR assay with flow cytometry readout, which can distinguish Gram-positive from Gram-negative bacterial DNA in a 3.5 h time period. The combination of a simple assay design ( licon-dependent release of Gram-type specific Cy3-labeled oligonucleotides) and the Luminex-based readout (for quantifying each specific Cy3-labeled sequence) opens opportunities for further multiplexing. We demonstrate the feasibility of detecting common Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms after spiking whole bacteria into healthy human blood prior to DNA extraction. Further development of DNA extraction methods is required to reach detection limits comparable to blood culture.

Banning carbon nanotubes would be scientifically unjustified and damaging to innovation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2020

DOI: 10.1038/S41565-020-0656-Y

Toward colloid-based biosensors for SNP genotyping and personalised medicine applications

Publisher: Inderscience Publishers

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1504/IJNT.2008.016920

Application of the PrimRglo Assay Chemistry to Multiplexed Bead Assays

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2014

DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.CY1313S69

Abstract: In this unit, we describe a multiplex microsphere quantitative PCR. The system is based on the use of two additional oligonucleotides within a single tube PCR reaction. The first oligonucleotide is modified with a single base pair mismatch and is otherwise equivalent to a universal sequence added to the forward PCR primer. Further, this first extra oligonucleotide is coupled to Luminex microspheres. The second additional oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to the universal sequence, and is modified with the fluorescent dye Cy3. As the PCR reaction proceeds, the second oligonucleotide is able to bind to the microspheres. Thus, quantitative monitoring of PCR progress takes place. The microsphere-mediated Cy3-detection is measured using flow cytometry directly after the PCR reaction. This allows a flow cytometer analysis from up to 150 different spheres and, therefore, multiple genes in one reaction. The multiplex microsphere qPCR is demonstrated using three target genes from Influenza A and Neisseria meningitidis. The multiplex microsphere system will enable a higher degree of multiplexing than is possible with currently available qPCR systems.

Minimum information reporting in bio-nano experimental literature

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41565-018-0246-4

Surface Modified Microprojection Arrays for the Selective Extraction of the Dengue Virus NS1 Protein As a Marker for Disease

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 12-03-2012

DOI: 10.1021/AC2034387

Abstract: While advances in assay chemistry and detection continue to improve molecular diagnostics technology, blood s les are still collected using the 150-year-old needle/syringe method. Surface modified microprojection arrays have been developed as a novel platform for in vivo, needle-free biomarker capture. These devices are gold coated silicon arrays with >20,000 projections per cm(2), which can be applied to the skin for tunable penetration into the epidermis or dermis. The microprojection array conceptually offers several advantages over the current methods including: minimally invasive s le collection, no need for s le processing and concentration of specific markers at the device surface for sensitive detection. In this study, Microprojection arrays were coated with antibodies to capture an early marker of dengue virus infection, NS1, from the skin of live mice. We also developed a complementary "total IgG" assay which could be used as a positive control for adequate penetration of the projections. Surface modifications designed for selective extraction were tested against standard microtiter plate ELISA. We also investigated the use of Protein G-mediated antibody immobilization in order to orient capture antibodies. While we found that capture efficiency could be improved, the direct EDC-based antibody immobilization resulted in a significantly higher surface density leading to a higher degree of NS1 capture. Using mice intravenously injected with recombinant dengue virus type 2 NS1 as a pseudomodel for dengue infection, NS1 was successfully extracted using microprojection arrays s ling from skin fluid, with a detection limit of 8 μg/mL.

Surface-modified microprojection arrays for intradermal biomarker capture, with low non-specific protein binding.

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1039/C0LC00068J

Abstract: Minimally invasive biosensors are of great interest for rapid detection of disease biomarkers for diagnostic screening at the point-of-care. Here we introduce a device which extracts disease-specific biomarkers directly from the upper dermis, without the needle and syringe or resource-intensive blood processing. Using antigen-specific antibodies raised in mice as a model system, we confirm the analytical specificity and sensitivity of the antibody capture and extraction in comparison to the conventional methods based on needle/syringe blood draw followed by processing and antigen-specific ELISAs.

Comparison between polyethylene glycol and zwitterionic polymers as antifouling coatings on wearable devices for selective antigen capture from biological tissue

Publisher: American Vacuum Society

Date: 07-10-2015

DOI: 10.1116/1.4932055

Abstract: Selective capture of disease-related proteins in complex biological fluids and tissues is an important aim in developing sensitive protein biosensors for in vivo applications. Microprojection arrays are biomedical devices whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned to allow efficient penetration of skin, coupled with highly selective biomarker capture from the complex biological environment of skin tissue. Herein, the authors describe an improved surface modification strategy to produce amine-modified polycarbonate arrays, followed by the attachment of an antifouling poly(sulfobetaine-methacrylate) (pSBMA) polymer or a linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer of comparative molecular weight and hydrodynamic radius. Using a “grafting to” approach, pSBMA and linear PEG coatings yielded comparative antifouling behavior in single protein solutions, diluted plasma, or when applied to mouse flank skin penetrating into the vascularized dermal tissue. Interestingly, the density of immobilized immunoglobulin G (IgG) or bovine serum albumin protein on pSBMA surfaces was significantly higher than that on the PEG surfaces, while the nonspecific adsorption was comparable for each protein. When incubated in buffer or plasma solutions containing dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1), anti-NS1-IgG-coated pSBMA surfaces captured significantly more NS1 in comparison to PEG-coated devices. Similarly, when wearable microprojection arrays were applied to the skin of dengue-infected mice using the same coatings, the pSBMA-coated devices showed significantly higher capture efficiency (& -fold increase in signal) than the PEG-coated substrates, which showed comparative signal when applied to naïve mice. In conclusion, zwitterionic pSBMA polymers (of equivalent hydrodynamic radii to PEG) allowed detection of dengue NS1 disease biomarker in a preclinical model of dengue infection, showing significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to the PEG controls. The results of this study will be useful in the future development of a range of protein biosensors designed for use in vivo.

High-throughput screening of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in picodroplets

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1039/C6LC00180G

Abstract: One billion bacteria screened in picodroplets.

Dynamic application of microprojection arrays to skin induces circulating protein extravasation for enhanced biomarker capture and detection

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2016.01.015

Abstract: Surface modified microprojection arrays are a needle-free alternative to capture circulating biomarkers from the skin in vivo for diagnosis. The concentration and turnover of biomarkers in the interstitial fluid, however, may limit the amount of biomarker that can be accessed by microprojection arrays and ultimately their capture efficiency. Here we report that microprojection array insertion induces protein extravasation from blood vessels and increases the concentration of biomarkers in skin, which can synergistically improve biomarker capture. Regions of blood vessels in skin were identified in the upper dermis and subcutaneous tissue by multi-photon microscopy. Insertion of microprojection array designs with varying projection length (40-190 μm), density (5000-20,408 proj.cm(-2)) and array size (4-36 mm(2)) did not affect the degree of extravasation. Furthermore, the location of extravasated protein did not correlate with projection penetration to these highly vascularised regions, suggesting extravasation was not caused by direct puncture of blood vessels. Biomarker extravasation was also induced by dynamic application of flat control surfaces, and varied with the impact velocity, further supporting this conclusion. The extravasated protein distribution correlated well with regions of high mechanical stress generated during insertion, quantified by finite element models. Using this approach to induce extravasation prior to microprojection array-based biomarker capture, anti-influenza IgG was captured within a 2 min application time, demonstrating that extravasation can lead to rapid biomarker s ling and significantly improved microprojection array capture efficiency. These results have broad implications for the development of transdermal devices that deliver to and s le from the skin.

Column Agglutination Assay Using Polystyrene Microbeads for Rapid Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 06-01-2022

DOI: 10.1021/ACSAMI.1C17859

Abstract: Rapid serology platforms are essential in disease pandemics for a variety of applications, including epidemiological surveillance, contact tracing, vaccination monitoring, and primary diagnosis in resource-limited areas. Laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platforms are inherently multistep processes that require trained personnel and are of relatively limited throughput. As an alternative, agglutination-based systems have been developed however, they rely on donor red blood cells and are not yet available for high-throughput screening. Column agglutination tests are a mainstay of pretransfusion blood typing and can be performed at a range of scales, ranging from manual through to fully automated testing. Here, we describe a column agglutination test using colored microbeads coated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that agglutinates when incubated with serum s les collected from patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. After confirming specific agglutination, we optimized centrifugal force and time to distinguish s les from uninfected vs SARS-CoV-2-infected in iduals and then showed concordant results against ELISA for 22 clinical s les, and also a set of serial bleeds from one donor at days 6-10 postinfection. Our study demonstrates the use of a simple, scalable, and rapid diagnostic platform that can be tailored to detect antibodies raised against SARS-CoV-2 and can be easily integrated with established laboratory frameworks worldwide.

Biomolecular screening with novel organosilica microspheres

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1039/B509503D

Abstract: Organosilica microspheres synthesised via a novel surfactant-free emulsion-based method show applicability towards optical encoding, solid-phase synthesis and high-throughput screening of bound oligonucleotide and peptide sequences.

In Vivo Biomarker Capture via the Skin Using Surface-Modified Microprojection Arrays

Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Date: 04-02-2013

DOI: 10.1115/NEMB2013-93215

Abstract: Whilst blood is the s le most often collected for diagnostic purposes, testing is complicated by the need to purify or concentrate biomarkers prior to detection. While needle/syringe or lancet technology is most often used for bulk s le collection, devices have not yet been developed that selectively capture biomarkers of interest in vivo, simplifying downstream detection requirements. Our group developed the Micropatch Array — a device comprising an array of microprojections which breach the outer layers of the skin to selectively capture biomarkers from the dermis. In this presentation we will describe our emerging data focused on the mechanisms of biomarker capture in vivo, and our investigations into improving the capture efficiency of the devices for important biomarkers.

Multiplexed microsphere diagnostic tools in gene expression applications: factors and futures

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.2147/NANO.2006.1.2.195

Abstract: Microarrays have received significant attention in recent years as scientists have firstly identified factors that can produce reduced confidence in gene expression data obtained on these platforms, and secondly sought to establish laboratory practices and a set of standards by which data are reported with integrity. Microsphere-based assays represent a new generation of diagnostics in this field capable of providing substantial quantitative and qualitative information from gene expression profiling. However, for gene expression profiling, this type of platform is still in the demonstration phase, with issues arising from comparative studies in the literature not yet identified. It is desirable to identify potential parameters that are established as important in controlling the information derived from microsphere-based hybridizations to quantify gene expression. As these evolve, a standard set of parameters will be established that are required to be provided when data are submitted for publication. Here we initiate this process by identifying a number of parameters we have found to be important in microsphere-based assays designed for the quantification of low abundant genes which are variable between studies.

Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-06-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11095-016-1958-5

Abstract: In this review we provide an up to date snapshot of nanomedicines either currently approved by the US FDA, or in the FDA clinical trials process. We define nanomedicines as therapeutic or imaging agents which comprise a nanoparticle in order to control the biodistribution, enhance the efficacy, or otherwise reduce toxicity of a drug or biologic. We identified 51 FDA-approved nanomedicines that met this definition and 77 products in clinical trials, with ~40% of trials listed in clinicaltrials.gov started in 2014 or 2015. While FDA approved materials are heavily weighted to polymeric, liposomal, and nanocrystal formulations, there is a trend towards the development of more complex materials comprising micelles, protein-based NPs, and also the emergence of a variety of inorganic and metallic particles in clinical trials. We then provide an overview of the different material categories represented in our search, highlighting nanomedicines that have either been recently approved, or are already in clinical trials. We conclude with some comments on future perspectives for nanomedicines, which we expect to include more actively-targeted materials, multi-functional materials ("theranostics") and more complicated materials that blur the boundaries of traditional material categories. A key challenge for researchers, industry, and regulators is how to classify new materials and what additional testing (e.g. safety and toxicity) is required before products become available.

Morphology and Composition of Immunodiffusion Precipitin Complexes Evaluated via Microscopy and Proteomics

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 06-04-2021

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JPROTEOME.0C01042

Review: Nanomaterials for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection and Monitoring in Biological Environments

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 10-09-2021

DOI: 10.3389/FCHEM.2021.728717

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dissolved oxygen play key roles across many biological processes, and fluorescent stains and dyes are the primary tools used to quantify these species in vitro. However, spatio-temporal monitoring of ROS and dissolved oxygen in biological systems are challenging due to issues including poor photostability, lack of reversibility, and rapid off-site diffusion. In particular, ROS monitoring is hindered by the short lifetime of ROS molecules and their low abundance. The combination of nanomaterials and fluorescent detection has led to new opportunities for development of imaging probes, sensors, and theranostic products, because the scaffolds lead to improved optical properties, tuneable interactions with cells and media, and ratiometric sensing robust to environmental drift. In this review, we aim to critically assess and highlight recent development in nanosensors and nanomaterials used for the detection of oxygen and ROS in biological systems, and their future potential use as diagnosis tools.

Surface Modifications of Microprojection Arrays for Improved Biomarker Capture in the Skin of Live Mice

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 20-03-2012

DOI: 10.1021/AM3001727

Abstract: New technologies are needed to translate biomarker discovery research into simple, inexpensive, and effective molecular diagnostic assays for use by clinicians or patients to guide and monitor treatment. Microprojection arrays were recently introduced as tools which, when applied to the skin, penetrate into the dermal tissue, and capture specific circulating biomarkers. In our initial work on Microprojection arrays, carbodiimide chemistry was used to immobilize biomarker-specific probes for affinity capture in vivo using a mouse model. However, as the observed capture efficiencies were relatively low, with significant variation across the surface, here we investigated the surface modifications to (a) determine the source of the variability and (b) find ways of improving capture efficiency. We found the protein immobilization step accounted for almost all of the variability in surface uniformity. Varying the protein immobilization conditions following a standard carbodiimide activation process resulted in a reduction in overall variation 14-fold and an increase in captured biomarker amount ∼18-fold. In conclusion, we found that investigating and optimizing the surface chemistry of microprojection array devices led to drastic improvements in capturing biomarkers from skin fluid.

In Vivo Biosensing: Progress and Perspectives

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 24-02-2017

DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.6B00834

Efficient Delivery of Dengue Virus Subunit Vaccines to the Skin by Microprojection Arrays

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 20-11-2019

DOI: 10.3390/VACCINES7040189

Abstract: Dengue virus is the most important arbovirus impacting global human health, with an estimated 390 million infections annually, and over half the world’s population at risk of infection. While significant efforts have been made to develop effective vaccines to mitigate this threat, the task has proven extremely challenging, with new approaches continually being sought. The majority of protective, neutralizing antibodies induced during infection are targeted by the envelope (E) protein, making it an ideal candidate for a subunit vaccine approach. Using truncated, recombinant, secreted E proteins (sE) of all 4 dengue virus serotypes, we have assessed their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice, with or without Quil-A as an adjuvant, and delivered via micropatch array (MPA) to the skin in comparison with more traditional routes of immunization. The micropatch contains an ultra-high density array (21,000/cm2) of 110 μm microprojections. Mice received 3 doses of 1 μg (nanopatch, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intra muscular injection) or 10 μg (intradermal, subcutaneous, or intra muscular injection) of tetravalent sE spaced 4 weeks apart. When adjuvanted with Quil-A, tetravalent sE vaccination delivered via MPA resulted in earlier induction of virus-neutralizing IgG antibodies for all four serotypes when compared with all of the other vaccination routes. Using the infectious dengue virus AG129 mouse infectious dengue model, these neutralizing antibodies protected all mice from lethal dengue virus type 2 D220 challenge, with protected animals showing no signs of disease or circulating virus. If these results can be translated to humans, MPA-delivered sE represents a promising approach to dengue virus vaccination.

Capture of the circulating Plasmodium falciparum biomarker HRP2 in a multiplexed format, via a wearable skin patch

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 10-2014

DOI: 10.1021/AC5031682

Abstract: Herein we demonstrate the use of a wearable device that can selectively capture two distinct circulating protein biomarkers (recombinant P. falciparum rPfHRP2 and total IgG) from the intradermal fluid of live mice in situ, for subsequent detection in vitro. The device comprises a microprojection array that, when applied to the skin, penetrates the outer skin layers to interface directly with intradermal fluid. Because of the complexity of the biological fluid being s led, we investigated the effects of solution conditions on the attachment of capture antibodies, to optimize the assay detection limit both in vitro and on live mice. For detection of the target antigen diluted in 20% serum, immobilization conditions favoring high antibody surface density (low pH, low ionic strength) resulted in 100-fold greater sensitivity in comparison to standard conditions, yielding a detection limit equivalent to the plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also show that blocking the device surface to reduce nonspecific adsorption of target analyte and host proteins does not significantly change sensitivity. After injecting mice with rPfHRP2 via the tail vein, we compared analyte levels in both plasma and skin biopsies (cross-sectional area same as the microprojection array), observing that skin s les contained the equivalent of ∼8 μL of analyte-containing plasma. We then applied the arrays to mice, showing that surfaces coated with a high density of antibodies captured a significant amount of the rPfHRP2 target while the standard surface showed no capture in comparison to the negative control. Next, we applied a triplex device to both control and rPfHRP2-treated mice, simultaneously capturing rPfHRP2 and total IgG (as a positive control for skin penetration) in comparison to a negative control device. We conclude that such devices can be used to capture clinically relevant, circulating protein biomarkers of infectious disease via the skin, with potential applications as a minimally invasive and lab-free biomarker detection platform.

RNA and DNA Diagnostics on Microspheres: Current and Emerging Methods

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17305-4_10

Wash-free paper diagnostics for the rapid detection of blood type antibodies

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1039/D1AN01250A

Abstract: Identification of specific antibodies in patient plasma is an essential part of many diagnostic procedures and is critical for safe blood transfusion.

Antibody-Binding, Antifouling Surface Coatings Based on Recombinant Expression of Zwitterionic EK Peptides

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 25-05-2019

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.8B00810

Abstract: Development of antifouling films which selectively capture or target proteins of interest is essential for controlling interactions at the "bio/nano" interface. However, in order to synthesize biofunctional films from synthetic polymers that incorporate chemical "motifs" for surface immobilization, antifouling, and oriented biomolecule attachment, multiple reaction steps need to be carried out at the solid/liquid interface. EKx is a zwitterionic peptide that has previously been shown to have excellent antifouling properties. In this study, we recombinantly expressed EKx peptides and genetically encoded both surface attachment and antibody-binding motifs, before characterizing the resultant biopolymers by traditional methods. These peptides were then immobilized to organosilica nanoparticles for binding IgG, and subsequently capturing dengue NS1 as a model antigen from serum-containing solution. We found that a mixed layer of a short peptide (4.9 kDa) "backfilled" with a longer peptide terminated with an IgG-binding Z-domain (18 kDa) demonstrated selective capture of dengue NS1 protein down to ∼10 ng mL

A New, Multiplex, Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction System for Nucleic Acid Detection and Quantification

Publisher: Humana Press

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-535-4_4

Abstract: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has emerged as a powerful investigative and diagnostic tool with potential to generate accurate and reproducible results. qPCR can be designed to fulfil the four key aspects required for the detection of nucleic acids: simplicity, speed, sensitivity, and specificity. This chapter reports the development of a novel real-time multiplex quantitative PCR technology, dubbed PrimRglo™, with a potential for high-degree multiplexing. It combines the capacity to simultaneously detect many viruses, bacteria, or nucleic acids, in a single reaction tube, with the ability to quantitate viral or bacterial load. The system utilizes oligonucleotide-tagged PCR primers, along with complementary fluorophore-labelled and quencher-labelled oligonucleotides. The analytic sensitivity of PrimRglo technology was compared with the widely used Taqman(®) and SYBR green detection systems.

University Of Washington

Location: United States of America

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University Of Queensland

Location: Australia

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Monash University

Location: Australia

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Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE130100800

Start Date: 2013

End Date: 12-2015

Amount: $375,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0985502

Start Date: 2009

End Date: 06-2012

Amount: $420,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Industrial Transformation Training Centres - Grant ID: IC190100026

Start Date: 01-2021

End Date: 11-2027

Amount: $4,969,663.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

ARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE140100036

Start Date: 06-2014

End Date: 06-2021

Amount: $26,000,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE220100140

Start Date: 10-2022

End Date: 10-2023

Amount: $699,691.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

ARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE230100032

Start Date: 03-2024

End Date: 02-2031

Amount: $35,000,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council