ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9345-4778
Current Organisation
Curtin University
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Technology not elsewhere classified | Carbon Capture Engineering (excl. Sequestration) | Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy | Membrane and Separation Technologies | Petroleum and Reservoir Engineering
Oil and Gas Exploration | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Coal Exploration | Expanding Knowledge in Technology |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1029/2002GC000369
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AJ09018
Abstract: The Department of Petroleum Engineering at Curtin University had its inception in 1998. For the last 10 years, it lectured the Masters in petroleum engineering course to local Australian and international students, graduating more than 200 students. The rapid increase in the price of oil during 2006/7 saw a sudden and substantial growth in industry employment opportunities, which resulted in the department losing over half of its staff to industry. At the same time, the supply of local students reduced to less than 10% of those taking the course. This loss in both student numbers and staff at the same time threatened the department’s future, and resulted in the need for a new focus to return the department to stability. A number of new initiatives were introduced, which included: bringing industry into the decision-making processes introducing a new two-year Masters program to assist high quality migrant students obtain Australian permanent residency increasing the advertising of petroleum engineering as a career option to schools and industry linking with UNSW, UWA and Adelaide universities to establish a joint Masters program introducing a new Bachelor’s degree in petroleum engineering changing the block form of teaching to a semester-based form and having the Commonwealth recognise the new Masters program for Commonwealth funding of Australian students as a priority pathway to a career as a petroleum engineer while the Bachelors program gathered momentum. This paper maps the positive changes made during 2008/9, which led to a 100% increase in student numbers, a 50% increase in staff to stabilise teaching, a 400% increase in active PhD students, and industry projects to deliver an increasing stream of high quality, industry-ready, graduate petroleum engineers over the next 10–20 years into the current ageing population where the average age of a petroleum engineer is 51.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-03-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-11-2019
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1995
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1029/2004JB003111
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1071/EG991071
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1071/EG00509
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1190/1.1822056
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AJ09005
Abstract: Conventional rock mechanics experiments using triaxial cells trying to simulate the true downhole stress field by applying equal horizontal stresses, fundamentally fail to treat real field borehole conditions as three independent stresses. In the real world, the horizontal stress field at shallow depth can have a different direction from that at greater depths, resulting in well failure if the driller is not careful. Core s les used in small cells applying uniaxial stress simply cannot be used to properly simulate these anomalous downhole stress fields. A True Triaxial Stress Cell (TTSC) has been built to overcome this problem by properly simulating the true earth stresses. This technology will mimic stresses in deep oil and gas fields existing in highly anisotropically stressed environments. The TTSC allows vertical and two independent horizontal stresses to be applied up to 50 MPa in each direction on a 30 cm cube of rock and, at the same time, allows pore pressure to be applied up to 21 MPa. Through a hole drilled through the centre of the rock, a fluid can be injected to simulate hydraulic fracturing, or CO2 injection into saline aquifers or coal. Sanding analysis can be performed by increasing pore pressure and producing pore fluid from the borehole. Formations having different geological properties may be simulated, while deviated drilling through the rock simulates the deviated stresses when drilling horizontal wells. Fracture propagation, sanding initiation, and in-flow production performance is monitored in real-time using ultrasonic seismic transducers mounted around the s le.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1071/EG991129
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-01-2020
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 08-06-2014
Abstract: Filament wound composites (FWC) consist of multiple layers of carbon/glass fibres within an epoxy matrix at different angles of orientation to achieve required mechanical properties. The type of hybrid composite and method of fabrication may be tailored to develop a smart pipe with embedded sensors for use in mineral exploration drill pipe applications. Experimental work and numerical simulations were performed in order to understand the effect of the filament angle-ply and how embedded sensors altered the overall mechanical structure strength of the angle-ply composite. Numerical analysis was performed using Hypersizer, to understand the stress distribution on each of the laminated layers, their angles, and the presence of a sensor on the strength of the composite’s structure. The experimental work was carried out to validate the numerical analysis results. Experiments on two specimens are reported in this study, being with and without an embedded sensor. Eight plies were fabricated with the characteristic angle-ply of filament, wound in a rhomboid pattern. Due to the electrical conductivity of carbon fibre, the sensors’ performance was anticipated to deteriorate. Consequently a hybrid structure was designed. Glass fibre was wrapped around the sensors for isolation and the glass fibre, along with the sensors were then embedded in the carbon fibre filament wound structure. The fabricated hybrid specimens were then subjected to simple tensile tests in the lab. The mechanical strength of both specimens, with and without sensors, was compared to determine the effect of embedding the sensor within this hybrid composite.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1990
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1190/1.1443527
Abstract: The higher the resolution demanded from the interpretation of seismic data, the more care required in the acquisition and processing of that data. Of the processing steps that directly influence resolution, the one that is having the most impact on land data is the statics correction. Geophysical conferences have devoted entire technical sessions to statics. Seismic crews frequently undertake specific refraction surveys just to obtain good statics data. Here we outline a very simple solution to the statics problem that produces remarkable results.
Publisher: SPE
Date: 22-10-2012
DOI: 10.2118/158580-MS
Abstract: Sand production is one of the more critical issues causing delays and high costs to the petroleum production industry. To measure solid production in the hydrocarbon stream a number of sand monitors have been developed. Such monitors are installed in the flow line and are intended to provide information such as the onset of solid production or the amount of produced solids. Most sand monitors are based on the measurement of erosion due to impingement of sand particles or measuring ultrasonic signals generated by particle impacts on the pipe wall or piezoelectric elements. Having described the principal behind available monitors in the industry, capabilities and limitation of each type is explained in Part 1. Part 2 is comprised of a literature review carried out on the techniques which have the potential to be utilised in new generations of solids monitors. The principles of such methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages for solids monitoring applications are mentioned. In Part 3 subjects such as improving the data quality and data interpretation of current techniques, integration of available techniques into a single piece of equipment, and ranking of the most promising cases which are worthy of further investigation are discussed.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/AJ14029
Abstract: In a field operation that uses coiled tubing in its applications, fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composite tubing is seldom used. Fibre-composite coiled tubes offer advantages, compared to steel material, through a reduction in weight and improvement in fatigue life. The stiffness of composite material degrades progressively when increasing the number of cyclic loading. The fatigue damage and failure criteria of fibre-reinforced composite coiled tubes are more complex than that of steel hence, failure predictions are somewhat unreliable. Among the defects in composite materials, interlaminar delamination is the foremost problem in fibre-reinforced composite material, and it leads to a reduction in strength and stiffness especially in cyclic-load conditions. Delamination causes a redistribution of the load path along the composite structure, which is unpredictable therefore, delamination in a composite coiled tube in an oil and gas field eventually leads to final failure, which could be catastrophic. A-ply-by-ply mathematical modelling and numerical simulation method was developed to predict interlaminar delamination of filament-wound composite coiled tubes under a combination of different loading scenarios with consideration to low-cycle fatigue. The objective of this paper is to explain interlaminar delamination as an initial crack and source of stress concentration in composite coiled tubes in the framework of meso-cracking progression of matrix damage modelling of composite laminates. The paper focuses on delamination failure because the largest span of the composite lifecycle is at the crack propagation phase, which manifests itself in the form of delamination. The analysis shows that the crack front tip is not uniform, and also shows that carbon fibre possesses higher stiffness values compared to glass fibre. The paper confirms that 2D modelling cannot express the real release strain energy rate at the crack front tip. Mode-I testing, however, showed that the double cantilever beam (DCB) only represents the normal stress from the release strain energy rate. The results also indicated that there were other sources contributing to the strain energy release rate, such as inter-layer frictions and normal stress in the end notched flexure (ENF) testing mode.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1071/EG989219
Abstract: Three dimensional (3D) marine seismic surveying is expensive and often a lengthy and technically difficult survey to perform. It is therefore only executed when an economically viable discovery is made. An alternative technique is offered which may be used when a marginally economic discovery is made. The technique is inexpensive compared to the conventional full 3D marine survey it is cheaper than reconnaissance surveying and two boat operations, and provides a 3D migrated annular volume just over 3 kilometres in diameter for the approximate price of a single offset vertical seismic profile (VSP).The technique uses the exploration drilling rig as the energy source platform, the rig supply vessel as the receiver, and the site location system as the 3D navigation network. In using equipment conventionally mobilized with each drilling rig relocation, costs are substantially reduced and a larger portion of the 3D seismic exploration budget may be transferred to the engineering/drilling budget.Failure of the technique to be trialled is due to the conservatism found within the industry rather than technical considerations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1071/EG00489
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1071/EG991135
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1190/1.1890314
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1071/EG993711
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1190/1.1890312
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1071/EG993833
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 05-2004
DOI: 10.1190/1.1759455
Abstract: We have tested an litude-based multiazimuthal approach for mapping fractures which requires only a simple azimuth-offset sorting process. By displaying the litudes of all traces collected within a superbin, the method predicts fractures by mapping P-wave litude variations, in which a lineation within the map indicates the presence and the orientation of fractures within the superbin. Test results using physical model and field data sets suggest that the litude-based multiazimuthal approach could help to determine the presence of multiple fracture sets in a single layer, which may be expressed through subtle variations in P-wave multiazimuthal seismic reflections. Our experiments with a physical model containing manmade vertical fractures suggest that transmission effects could be one of the dominant factors which control azimuthal litude versus offset (AVO) behavior. The technique described in this paper can operate on any 3D P-wave seismic data with wide azimuth and offset distributions.
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1190/1.1817549
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1190/1.1820892
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1071/EG989229
Abstract: As part of an industry funded research project into the application of the technique of LOFOLD3D land seismic surveying, a four fold three dimensional seismic survey was performed in the Perth Basin at Moora, Western Australia in July 1987. The volume covered an area of four kilometres by just under two kilometres, producing a total of 23,000 common midpoint traces. The objective was to collect and process the data in such a manner that a three dimensional structural interpretation would result, which would be the same as that resulting from a conventional three dimensional survey. A cost comparison indicates that a commercial LOFOLD3D survey would reduce the cost of performing a land 3D survey to an estimated 20% of the full fold equivalent, and the technique therefore offers potential for substantial savings if it is adopted on a commercial basis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1071/EG993725
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.1071/EG995340
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1190/1.1815873
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2000
DOI: 10.1071/EG00543
Publisher: Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)
Date: 05-2009
Abstract: This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 119681, "Toward the E-Field: Continuous Monitoring of Pore-Fluid Phase Using Horizontal Wells," by B.J. Evans, SPE, and B. Hartley, Curtin University, Australia, and N. Keshavarz, Research Institute for the Petroleum Industries, Iran, prepared for the 2009 SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference, Bahrain, 15-18 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The electric field, or e-field, is a method of monitoring oilfield production remotely and continuously over a long term by use of vertical and horizontal wells. Continuously monitoring fluid movement requires monitoring with horizontal wells. It has been shown that seismic methods can show subtle changes in the pore-fluid phase, which enhances the potential for long-term monitoring where pore-pressure is declining, under waterflood or CO2 flood, and in areas in which gas is being replaced by water. As the production of oil and gas depletes reserves, it is important to determine the location of missed pay zones. When 3D surveys are repeated over time, after subtraction from the original 3D data, the difference is known as the repeat-3D-difference volume or the time-lapse (or 4D) image volume. These data can show missed pay zones, and, provided that seismic-reflection-data quality is high (with signal/noise ratios of approximately 12:1), it becomes possible to determine changes in oil and gas location and, on the basis of pressure effects that improve production management, enable drilling of step-out production wells. Such 4D-difference slices through the reservoir provide knowledge of oil in place, the location of high gas saturation, pressure, and information on the areal extent of thief zones. This method requires a high signal/noise ratio to make the resulting difference image trustworthy for dependable drilling decisions. Such high signal/noise ratios are very rare and tend to apply to offshore surveys in which very calm sea conditions allow high-level signal/noise ratios. The problem with land surveying is that the source is in contact with the soil surface and, typically, produces high-level coherent noise, both compression and shear energy, as well as having all of the attendant issues of strong absorption and scattering. Near-surface layering of complex geological formations such as basalt flows, sand dunes, hard pavements, river courses, and mountains along with variable weather conditions from one 3D survey to the next all contribute to the inability of the source to radiate a consistent amount of energy or consistent enough radiation pattern from one survey to the next. Different receiver couplings result in a poor signal/noise ratio and an inability to provide a high-quality 4D-difference image.
Publisher: SPE
Date: 27-03-2018
DOI: 10.2118/189918-MS
Abstract: In November 2016 the Deep Exploration Technologies Cooperative Research Centre (DET CRC) launched the RoXplorer®, a coiled tubing (CT) drilling rig for greenfields mineral exploration, delivering a platform for low-cost, rapid, safe and environmentally-friendly drilling. The launch represented an important technical milestone in the development of CT drilling for mineral exploration and has been complemented by a series of very successful field trials in the first half of 2017 The paper presents CT technology and its application for mineral exploration drilling. The three key challenges for CT drilling in mineral exploration are coil durability, drilling hard rocks with low weight-on-bit and s le fidelity. Results for mineral exploration CT-drilling field-trials in the consolidated cover rocks of South Australia and the unconsolidated cover rocks of the Murray Basin in Victoria are presented and outline how each of these challenges was overcome. The outcomes confirm the promise of this cheaper regional prospecting approach to mineral exploration drilling. The results of assay s les of the CT drilling cuttings are remarkable the assay s les from the CT drilling at Port Augusta trial matched those of diamond drill core from an adjacent hole.
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 09-2002
DOI: 10.1190/1.1508952
Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Date: 2017
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1190/1.1826728
Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG/Datapages
Date: 04-2005
DOI: 10.1306/12010404018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1071/EG993733
Publisher: SPE
Date: 18-10-2004
DOI: 10.2118/88517-MS
Abstract: As oil fields produce liquids (oil or gas/condensate), they undergo pressure change, with the pressure reducing as a function of production rates. Equally, the high production of water from a reservoir can cause major reduction in pressures of gas fields resulting in an increase in the gas cap size and a consequent loss of gas to the surrounding formations. The injection of water or CO2 into reservoirs or underground storage areas causes an increase in local pressure which in turn, has the potential to cause local increases in permeability in the reservoir or at the storage site. Time-lapse three dimensional (3-D) seismic methods are used to monitor the fluid movement during both fluid extraction in producing fields and injection of water or CO2 for EOR or storage purposes. However, little is understood about the seismic effects caused by variations in both pore pressure or rock matrix stress as a result of these operations. During 2003, a low pressure/volume and temperature (PVT) chamber was built at Curtin University to simulate such effects, and to establish the seismic reflection response under these variations. Past research has shown that variations in pressure can cause tuning effects which appear to be identical to bright spots occurring. In that research, it was shown that a variation in pressure causes a change in formation density which can cause a rotation of the AVO fluid line, and this highlighted both the fact that this attribute can be used for sensing variably pressured compartments in 3-D data (missed pay zones) as well as indicate that a bright spot is not always gas-associated but can be pressure-associated in a producing field. This paper discusses the development of this research and the applications of this unique PVT chamber.
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1190/1.2392817
Abstract: Information on time-lapse changes in seismic litude variation with offset (AVO) from a reservoir can be used to optimize production. We designed a scaled physical model experiment to study the AVO response of mixtures of brine, oil, and carbon dioxide at pressures of 0, 1.03, and [Formula: see text]. The small changes in density and velocity for each fluid because of increasing pressure were not detectable and were assumed to lie within the error of the experiment. However, AVO analysis was able to detect changes in the elastic properties between fluids that contained oil and those that did not. When the AVO response was plotted in the AVO intercept-gradient domain, fluids containing oil were clearly separated from fluids not containing oil. This was observed in the AVO response from both the top and base of the fluids in the physical model. We then compared the measured AVO response with the theoretical AVO response given by the Zoeppritz equations. The measured and theoretical AVO intercept responses for the top fluid reflection agree well, although the AVO gradients disagree slightly. For the fluid base reflection, the measured and theoretical responses are in close agreement.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-08-2020
Publisher: Test accounts
Date: 2000
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/AJ10031
Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing is known as one of the most common stimulation techniques performed in oil and gas wells for maximising hydrocarbon production. It is a complex procedure due to numerous influencing factors associated with it. As a result, hydraulic fracturing monitoring techniques are used to determine the real-time extent of the induced fracture and to prevent unwanted events. Although the well-known method of monitoring is the microseismic method, active monitoring of a hydraulic fracture has shown capable of providing useful information about the fracture properties in both laboratory conditions and field operations. In this study, the focus is on laboratory experiment of hydraulic fracturing using a true-triaxial cell capable of simulating field conditions required for hydraulic fracturing. By injecting high-pressure fluid, a hydraulic fracture was induced inside a 20 cm cube of cement. Using a pair of ultrasonic transducers, transmission data were recorded before and during the test. Both cases of an open and closed hydraulic fracture were investigated. Then, using a discrete particle scheme, seismic monitoring of the hydraulic fracture was numerically modelled for a hexagonally packed s le and compared with the lab results. The results show good agreements with data in the literature. As the hydraulic fracture crosses the transducers line, signal dispersion was observed in the compressional wave data. A decrease was observed in both the litude and velocity of the waves. This can be used as an indicator of the hydraulic fracture width. As the fracture closes by reducing fluid pressure, a sensible increase occurred in the litude of the transmitted waves while the travel time showed no detectable variations. The numerical model produced similar results. As the modelled hydraulic fracture reached the source-receiver line, both litude and velocity of the transmitted waves decreased. This provides hope for the future real-time ability to monitor the growth of induced fractures during the fraccing operation. At present, however, it still needs improvements to be calibrated with experimental results.
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1190/1.1816591
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1190/1.1816593
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1190/1.1816592
Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG/Datapages
Date: 2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1071/EG03001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00141-3
Abstract: This paper presents a physical modelling study outlining a technique whereby buoyant contaminant flow within water-saturated unconsolidated sand was remotely monitored utilizing the time-lapse 3-D (TL3-D) seismic response. The controlled temperature and pressure conditions, along with the high level of acquisition repeatability attainable using sandbox physical models, allow the TL3-D seismic response to pore fluid movement to be distinguished from all other effects. TL3-D seismic techniques are currently being developed to monitor hydrocarbon reserves within producing reservoirs in an endeavour to improve overall recovery. However, in many ways, sandbox models under atmospheric conditions more accurately simulate the shallow subsurface than petroleum reservoirs. For this reason, perhaps the greatest application for analogue sandbox modelling is to improve our understanding of shallow groundwater and environmental flow mechanisms. Two fluid flow simulations were conducted whereby air and kerosene were injected into separate water-saturated unconsolidated sand models. In both experiments, a base 3-D seismic volume was recorded and compared with six later monitor surveys recorded while the injection program was conducted. Normal incidence litude and P-wave velocity information were extracted from the TL3-D seismic data to provide visualization of contaminant migration. Reflection litudes displayed qualitative areal distribution of fluids when a suitable impedance contrast existed between pore fluids. TL3-D seismic reflection tomography can potentially monitor the change in areal distribution of fluid contaminants over time, indicating flow patterns. However, other research and this current work have not established a quantifiable relationship between either normal reflection litudes and attenuation and fluid saturation. Generally, different pore fluids will have unique seismic velocities due to differences in compressibility and density. The predictable relationships that exist between P-wave velocity and fluid saturation can allow a quantitative assessment of contaminant migration.
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1190/1.1436911
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1190/1.1438934
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1987
DOI: 10.1071/EG987073
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1071/EG993863
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-07-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B02586
Abstract: The oil-water partition coefficient of organic compounds is an essential parameter for the determination of their behaviors in environments, food, drug delivery, and biomedical systems, just to name a few. In this work, we establish a highly efficient approach to quantify the partition/distribution coefficient using surface femtoliter droplets. In our approach, droplets of 1-octanol were produced on the surface of a solid substrate in contact with the flow of an aqueous solution of the analyte. The analyte was rapidly enriched in the droplets from the flow and reached the partition equilibrium in a few seconds. The entire procedure was automated by continuous solvent exchange, and the analyte partition in the droplets was quantified from the in situ UV-vis spectrum collected by a microspectrophotometer. Our approach was validated for several substances with the octanol-water partition/distribution coefficient ranging from -1.5 to 4, where our results were in good agreement with the values reported in the literature. This method took ∼3 min to detect one analyte with the volume of the organic solvent at ∼50 μL. Thus, our surface droplet platform can greatly minimize the consumption of both solvent and analytes and can shorten the time for the determination of the partition of new compounds, which overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional shake-flask method and presents excellent reproducibility, high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and labor-saving operation. The highly efficient micro/nanoextraction, partition, and real-time detection enabled by the surface droplets has the potential for many other high-throughput applications.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1988
DOI: 10.1071/EG988281
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1190/1.1885661
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1992
DOI: 10.1071/EG992097
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1998
DOI: 10.1071/EG998632
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2003
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1190/1.1826544
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1190/1.1817198
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1190/1.1817594
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-02-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.5B00040
Abstract: If a paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) could be made by printing indicators for detection of heavy metals in chemical symbols of the metals in a style of the periodic table of elements, it could be possible for such μ-PAD to report the presence and the safety level of heavy metal ions in water simultaneously and by text message. This device would be able to provide easy solutions to field-based monitoring of heavy metals in industrial wastewater discharges and in irrigating and drinking water. Text-reporting could promptly inform even nonprofessional users of the water quality. This work presents a proof of concept study of this idea. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Cr(VI) were chosen to demonstrate the feasibility, specificity, and reliability of paper-based text-reporting devices for monitoring heavy metals in water.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1071/EG989137
Abstract: Two dimensional seismic surveying is commonly used in the coal mining industry to assist the mining and development of coal deposits by seismically imaging coal seams. A specialised three dimensional seismic surveying technique has recently been performed over coal mining leases in South Australia and New South Wales, to trial its applicability to coal mine planning and extraction operations.The first two case histories of its trial in Australia are presented, and the conclusion drawn that the specialised three dimensional technique developed to date offers the ability to image coal seams in three dimensions and thereby improve mine planning in regions of complex faulting.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1190/1.2978165
Abstract: It is common practice to use changes in fluid transmission velocity to determine whether a fluid is in gas or liquid phase during pore pressure changes, but transmission litude also changes when fluid phase changes during pore pressure reduction. We used two sizes of glass beads in a low-pressure cell to simulate porous rock and conducted experiments with pore spaces filled with distilled water, and with distilled water in which [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] was dissolved. Ultrasonic transmission tests above and below bubble point showed that transmission frequencies and litudes were higher for distilled water and the smaller beads. There was a greater reduction in frequencies and litudes when gas was liberated by scattering from the small gas bubbles associated with the small beads. The water-[Formula: see text] mixture produced higher transmission litudes than distilled wateralone, which is consistent with increasing fluid density in the pores. Although Henry’s law was appropriate for predicting the onset of bubbles, the ultrasonic response sensed bubble nucleation before the pressure predicted by Henry’s law was reached. We also found that transmission litudes and frequencies changed more quickly than transmission velocity, which changed little by comparison. Our study suggests that for time-lapse monitoring of [Formula: see text] sequestration operations, changes of transmission litude and frequency may provide a quantitative assessment of the amount of dissolved [Formula: see text] in connate water. Observations of ultrasonic transmission litude and frequency are more important in this regard than velocity observations. This knowledge can be applied where [Formula: see text] migrates or changes phase after sequestration, be it at depth, or as a result of near-surface leakage. Walk-away VSP data can provide a suitable monitoring tool for this purpose.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1992
DOI: 10.1071/EG992387
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1987
DOI: 10.1071/EG987085
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1190/1.1889478
Publisher: SPE
Date: 28-10-1996
DOI: 10.2118/36967-MS
Abstract: The application of three-dimensional (3-D) seismic methods to reservoir characterisation has gained wide acceptance in the last ten years. Almost seventy-five percent of additional reserves are now found in mature areas by redefining reservoir boundaries and internal heterogeneities using surface and crosswell seismic methods. However the implementation of, in particular, 3-D seismic methods can be very expensive and can rival the cost of drilling a dry hole. A solution to the problem is to physically model a reservoir in the laboratory and to collect simulated seismic reflection data over the model. Then conventional, or unconventional, seismic processing techniques can be applied to the data prior to embarking on costly field seismic data collection. The physical modelling experiments enable an improved and corrected image of the subsurface to be developed, and a more effective drilling program to be designed. We briefly review the 3-D seismic method and indicate its value in reservoir characterisation. Ex les will be given of models developed for experiments in fault plane analysis and for imaging beneath high velocity near surface layers. The 3-D seismic method was first shown to be viable for subsurface imaging in the early 1970s (Ref. 1). This was the first successful application of physical modelling to solving 3-D seismic problems. The fact that the 3-D method has been rapidly accepted in the last 10 years has been documented (Ref. 2). The conclusion is that '3-D seismic surveys have become a cost-effective tool for mapping hydrocarbon reservoirs and can have a major impact on the volume of reserves estimated'. The method needs the subsurface area of interest to be spatially s led correctly with seismic traces. in marine operations this may be achieved with a ship towing many cables, such that each source and receiver combination represent a s le point. In land operations various positionings of sources and receivers may be used such that an area of the subsurface is 'covered' with seismic traces. The ex les in this paper show two very different applications of 3-D seismic to solving reservoir problems, both of which required the extensive application of physical models. Fault Plane Analysis. When a seismic wave meets an acoustic contrast it may be reflected and/or refracted. If a wave reaches a fault with a relatively high impedance contrast across it, it will refract through the fault plane, resulting in a change in the travel path of the wave. When common midpoint gathers are produced, the wave refracting across the fault can cause changes in the trace gathers which can affect 'reflections' within the gather. When the data are stacked the result can give a different appearance to the image. Such a change could be the presence of an apparent fault at depth, which is in fact an artefact of the stacking process. When computing the reserves in a reservoir the assumption of the presence of such a fault could lead to incorrect reserve estimates. Consequently, it is very important to determine whether such an artefact does, or does not, exist. Two dimensional (2-D) seismic data collected across a fault plane containing such an impedance contrast in the shallow section will produce a false image of a fault (Ref. 3). 3-D data collected along strike to the fault will not have raypaths passing through the fault plane. so these data will not create such an artefact. A 2-D section can be reconstituted from the 3-D data, along the plane of the original 2-D line, without the artefact indicating that the 'fault' does not exist. P. 81
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1998
DOI: 10.1071/EG998368
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1997
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1071/EG00310
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 08-06-2014
Abstract: Research is currently being undertaken in Australia to develop new drilling technologies for deep mineral exploration. The Deep Exploration Technologies Cooperative Research Centre (DET CRC) has carried out a comprehensive review of the available drilling technologies in the market. Following the study, coiled tube drilling technology has been suggested as a faster and cheaper method than conventional pipe drilling. This is primarily due to its smaller footprint relative to the standard rotary method, ease of unit mobility, less operating personnel, faster rate of penetration, and faster rig up and rig down times. The steel coiled tubing technology has traditionally been used in the petroleum industry. While there have been several attempts to evaluate the performance of coiled tubes in the oil and gas industry, limited or no attempts have been made to assess its performance in deep hard rock mineral exploration drilling. Therefore, DET CRC is in the process of re-designing the coiled tube rig approach to enable fast and efficient drilling of deep micro-holes in hard rocks. Cyclic bending of the coiled tubing past the yield strength point of the material leads to progressive weakening of the tube, which accordingly leads to rapid reduction of the tube service life [1]. Hence fatigue is an important parameter that needs to be considered in material selection for coiled tube and rig design. A bending machine was designed and manufactured to evaluate the fatigue bending strength of conventional HSLA steel tubes. The machine is capable of measuring and recording the bending/flattening resistant forces of the tubes along with the number of bend/flatten events. It can also measure the strain applied on the tube if needed. In this study, several HSLA steel grades and thicknesses of coiled tubes were tested for fatigue bending strength. Fatigued and non-fatigued tubes had their mechanical property alteration tested using tensile test methods. This paper presents the fatigue bending machine. The machine is designed to test most material types of coiled tubes. The paper also reports results of the cyclic bending experiments that were performed on selected grades and sizes of conventional HSLA steel coiled tubes. The paper complements and enhances the understanding of the performance of conventional coiled tube material under fatigue bending conditions.
Publisher: BioResources
Date: 23-01-2015
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 07-2000
DOI: 10.1190/1.1438712
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1190/1.1820856
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1988
DOI: 10.1071/EG988064
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1007/PL00012574
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1190/1.1815717
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1991
DOI: 10.1071/EG991227
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2019
Abstract: A universal femtoliter surface droplet-based platform for direct quantification of trace of hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions is presented. Formation and functionalization of femtoliter droplets, concentrating the analyte in the solution, are integrated into a simple fluidic chamber, taking advantage of the long-term stability, large surface-to-volume ratio, and tunable chemical composition of these droplets. In situ quantification of the extracted analytes is achieved by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy by nanoparticles on the functionalized droplets. Optimized extraction efficiency and SERS enhancement by tuning droplet composition enable quantitative determination of hydrophobic model compounds of rhodamine 6G, methylene blue, and malachite green with the detection limit of 10
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1190/1.1815796
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 8
DOI: 10.1190/1.1889483
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1997
DOI: 10.1071/EG997048
Publisher: SPE
Date: 15-03-2009
DOI: 10.2118/119680-MS
Abstract: Over the past 20 years, two of the main methods of training new students in petroleum engineering at Curtin University have been to provide a Bachelor of Engineering in chemical engineering with a minor/major in petroleum engineering, or to offer a Masters in Petroleum Engineering as a conversion course for graduates of an appropriate science or engineering discipline. When the industry picks up strongly and there becomes a shortage of skilled professional engineers, the industry employs anyone who has skill and experience. A knee-jerk reaction is to turn to academics, enticing them with attractive salaries, thereby depleting the stocks of quality petroleum engineering teachers. This results in a weakening of the education system which is expected to provide the future quality graduates. Curtin University Department of Petroleum Engineering is no exception. Our first step however was to base the department on high quality research, so that we were not dependent upon short term income from industry. The next step was to change the Masters teaching base to semester rather than block teaching. This allowed faculty to enter long term research contracts and to teach over the full semester period. Additionally we extended our Masters program to 2 years in duration to make it more attractive to international students who could subsequently apply for permanent residency in Australia following their studying. As a result applications to the Masters program has increased by 60%. Additionally, we have developed a new Master's entry point via a one year Post Graduate Diploma course, which then allows international students to enter the Masters program with the desired prerequisites- this has also removed Australian visa restrictions, making it financially prohibitive for students coming from some countries. The result has been a return to stability and optimism with faculty and staff who want to educate tomorrow's engineers.
Start Date: 03-2011
End Date: 03-2012
Amount: $190,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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