ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5432-1350
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Criminology | Criminology | Law And Society | Detection And Prevention Of Crime; Security Services | Law | Urban Sociology and Community Studies | Research, Science And Technology Policy | Causes and Prevention of Crime | Crime Policy | Justice Systems And Administration | Law Enforcement Not Elsewhere Classified | Police Administration, Procedures And Practice
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Understanding legal processes | Cultural Understanding not elsewhere classified | Law enforcement | Understanding other countries | International aid | Justice and the law not elsewhere classified | Substance Abuse | National Security | Crime Prevention | Law Enforcement |
Related Links
Publications
Erratum to “Homicide–suicide in Hong Kong, 1989–1998”
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
Homicide–suicide in Hong Kong, 1989–1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2003.12.001
Abstract: This study provides the first systematic research of homicide-suicide (HS) in a Chinese society. Data were drawn from the HK Homicide Monitoring Data-base computer file derived from investigation and death reports held by the HK Police Force and the Coroner's Court. During the 10-year study period, 56 events involving 133 deaths were identified. The majority of offenders were males (75%) and most victims were female (64%). The mean age of offenders and victims were 41.9 and 32.3 years, respectively. Spouses and lovers comprised the majority of victims (46.4%) followed by child victims (36%). Most HS events were motivated by separation or termination of marital or sexual relations (39%), economic reasons (25%) and other domestic disputes (20%). The most frequent modes of killing were strangulation/suffocation (26%), stabbing/chopping (24%), followed by gassing oisoning (14%) and falling from height (14%). The commonest of suicide was falling from height (48%). It was followed by gassing oisoning (22%) and strangulation/suffocation (13%). Depression (18.3%) was found to be the commonest mental disorder. Most offenders were from low-socio-economic background. Two-third were unemployed and 76.6% had 9 or less years of education. HS in HK were distinguished from those reported in the western literature in respect to the high relevance of economic factors, the absence of mercy killing between old couples, a higher percentage of pedicide-suicides and the infrequent use of firearms.
Youth sex offending, recidivism and restorative justice: Comparing court and conference cases
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-05-2013
Abstract: Our aim was to determine the overall rates of general and sexual re-offending of youth (i.e. aged under 18 at the time of offence) charged with sexual offences, ranging from indecent exposure to rape, over 6.5 years in South Australia and whose cases were finalised in court, by conference and by formal caution ( N = 365). Controlling for previous offending, we examined if re-offending varied by site of finalisation or by referral to Mary Street, a specialist treatment program. Follow-up times ranged from six to 84 months. We applied a parametric form of survival analysis by fitting the Weibull ‘mixture model’ to the Kaplan-Meier cumulative distribution of failure times (time to re-offend). Covariates, such as prior offending or referral to Mary Street, were introduced to test for differences in survival rates, immune proportions or both between groups. By the cut-off date, 54% of youth had been charged with new non-sexual offences but only 9% with new sexual offences. Court youth had a higher rate of re-offending than conference youth, but these differences were largely explained by prior offending. For the subgroup with no previous offending, however, a significantly slower rate of re-offending was observed for conference youth and for those who were referred to Mary Street. We were able to control for the main effect of prior offending, but complex interactions between co-variates such as offence types, early admissions to offending and legal and therapeutic responses could not be disentangled in our small s le, and we could not explore factors linked specifically to sexual re-offending. Future research should examine the enmeshment of key factors that set youth on differing legal pathways this phenomenon affects studies comparing conference and court outcomes, whether in naturalistic settings or in randomised field experiments.
Crime and Security in Asia: Diversity and Development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2006
Malicious Spam Emails Developments and Authorship Attribution
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1109/CTC.2013.16
Organized Crime in North America
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2014
Triad-related homicides in Hong Kong
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2006.06.031
Abstract: This study provides an overview of the first systematic research on triad-related homicide in a Chinese society. In the 10-year period from 1989 to 1998, 11.9% of all homicides or a total of 95 triad-related homicides were extracted from the Hong Kong Homicide Monitoring Database. These events resulted in 124 victims (13.2 percent of all victims) and involved 526 known offenders. Triad homicides were classified into various types based on different combinations of circumstances, motivation, and outcomes including unintended outcomes.
The probabilities of sex offender re-arrest
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1002/CBM.535
Abstract: Estimates of the probabilities of re-arrest for sex offenders apprehended in Western Australia between April 1984 and December 1994 are reported. Of the 116,151 distinct male persons arrested for the first time from 1984 94, 2785 were identified with at least one sex offence. Subjects on average were followed up for 5.7 years and assessed by criminal record, Aboriginality, bail status, age, occupation and penal intervention. Three criteria, rearrest for any, repeat sex or a violent offence are used to summarize the 'careers' of sex offenders. Overall ultimate probabilities of rearrest for any offence were 0.61, for a repeat sex offence 0.33 and for a violent offence 0.51. Probabilities of re-arrest for non-Aboriginal offenders were lower for all definitions. Younger offenders, Aborigines and those with prior arrest for non-sex offences had higher probabilities for any or violent rearrest but older offenders tended to have higher probabilities of repeat sex offending. Community supervision and imprisonment significantly reduced the 'rate' or speed of re-arrest. Actuarial risk assessments for low-probability high-consequence events such as dangerous reci ism are useful for identifying groups with a high probability of rearrest, assisting management of these groups and evaluating penal interventions.
Transnational Organized Crime in Oceania
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2014
The Golden Triangle: Inside Southeast Asia's Drug Trade
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2009
Sentencing and public confidence: Results from a national Australian survey on public opinions towards sentencing
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-03-2012
Abstract: This paper examines the critical issue of public confidence in sentencing, and presents findings from Phase I of an Australia-wide sentencing and public confidence project. Phase I comprised a nationally representative telephone survey of 6005 participants. The majority of respondents expressed high levels of punitiveness and were dissatisfied with sentences imposed by the courts. Despite this, many were strongly supportive of the use of alternatives to imprisonment for a range of offences. These nuanced views raise questions regarding the efficacy of gauging public opinion using opinion poll style questions indeed the expected outcome from this first phase of the four phase sentencing and public confidence project. The following phases of this project, reported on elsewhere, examined the effects of various interventions on the robustness and nature of these views initially expressed in a standard ‘top of the head’ opinion poll.
To Flee or Not: Postkilling Responses Among Intimate Partner Homicide Offenders in Hong Kong
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-09-2010
Abstract: Among 112 homicides involving sexual intimates that occurred in Hong Kong between 1989 and 2002, 38% ( n = 42) of offenders remained voluntarily at the homicide scene, 21% ( n = 24) committed suicide, 20% ( n = 22) escaped and denied involvement, 13% ( n = 14) disposed or hid the body of their victim, and 9% ( n = 10) escaped but later voluntarily surrendered. This study used police investigation reports, coroner’s reports, witness statements, and other relevant documents to compare these five types of postkilling behavior. The type of response was explained by the offender’s characteristics, the strength of attachment to the victim, and situational factors. The offender’s prior criminal conduct or history of violence was not significant in predicting the type of postkilling response.
A discussion of wind turbine interaction and stall contributions to wind farm noise
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
The suppression of black societies in China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2012
Rearrest probabilities for the 1984–1993 apprehended Western Australian population: A survival analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF02221141
Organized Crime in Asia: A Review of Problems and Progress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2008
Policing in Cambodia: legitimacy in the making?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2009
Homicide–suicide in Hong Kong, 1989–1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00350-5
Abstract: This study provides the first systematic research of homicide-suicide (HS) in a Chinese society. Data were drawn from the HK Homicide Monitoring Data-base computer file derived from investigation and death reports held by the HK Police Force and the Coroner's Court. During the 10-year study period, 56 events involving 133 deaths were identified. The majority of offenders were males (75%) and most victims were female (64%). The mean age of offenders and victims were 41.9 and 32.3 years, respectively. Spouses and lovers comprised the majority of victims (46.4%) followed by child victims (36%). Most HS events were motivated by separation or termination of marital or sexual relations (39%), economic reasons (25%) and other domestic disputes (20%). The most frequent modes of killing were strangulation/suffocation (26%), stabbing/chopping (24%), followed by gassing oisoning (14%) and falling from a height (14%). The commonest method of suicide was falling from a height (48%). It was followed by gassing oisoning (22%) and strangulation/suffocation (13%). Depression (18.3%) was found to be the commonest mental disorder. Most offenders were from low-socio-economic background. Two-third were unemployed and 76.6% had 9 or less years of education. HS in HK were distinguished from those reported in the western literature in respect to the high relevance of economic factors, the absence of mercy killing between old couples, a higher percentage of pedicide-suicides and the infrequent use of firearms.
The Detection of Deception: The Effects of First and Second Language on Lie Detection Ability
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2005
Human Trafficking and Moral Panic in Cambodia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-03-2014
Abstract: This article examines the backgrounds of traffickers in Cambodia: why they became involved in trafficking, how they operate, their earnings, and the criminal justice system’s response to their activities. Our research draws from interviews with justice officials, NGOs, and detained alleged traffickers and from a review of police and prison records. The results challenge alarmist claims about the high prevalence, profitability, or role of organized crime in human trafficking. In Cambodia, 80 percent of incarcerated traffickers are poor uneducated women who lack legitimate opportunities and whose unsophisticated illicit activities earn very little. We argue that the Cambodian government, in return for foreign aid, adopted a repressive law that defines human trafficking ineptly in the hands of a dysfunctional justice system, the law has turned into an instrument of corruption and injustice against powerless in iduals.
The recidivism of prisoners released for the first time: reconsidering the effectiveness question
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1990
DOI: 10.1177/000486589002300202
Abstract: This article describes the reci ism of 16,381 prisoners released from Western Australian Prisons between June 30 1975 and June 30 1987. Probabilities of ultimately returning to prison were estimated at 0.45, 0.76, 0.36 and 0.69 for male non-Aborigines, male Aborigines, female non-Aborigines and female Aborigines, respectively. A declining trend in reci ism over the period 1975–1980 was found to have levelled off from 1981–1985. These trends were related to important alterations in the definitions of the law, particularly to the decriminalisation of drunkenness and the introduction of mandatory prison for repeat offences of drunk driving. Reci ism also varied significantly with other demographic and institutional factors. Reci ism in this study was defined as a return to WA prisons for any offence, but varying definitions by deletion of fine defaulters made only minor differences to the estimated proportions returning.
Violence Against Women in Hong Kong: Results of the International Violence Against Women Survey
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-07-2015
Abstract: In Hong Kong, nearly 1,300 women participated by telephone in the International Violence Against Women Survey in 2006. One in five respondents had experienced violence since age 16. Sexual violence (13.4%) was more frequent than physical violence (11.7%). Women were more likely to be abused by men they knew (13.5%) than by strangers (8%). Compared with other surveyed countries, Hong Kong recorded among the lowest rates of violence by both intimate partners and non-partners. These results suggest that cultural influences linked to the interaction of modernization and some protective factors found in the adherence to traditional Chinese values are relevant.
Aboriginal and Nonaboriginal Recidivism in Western Australia: A Failure Rate Analysis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1988
DOI: 10.1177/0022427888025001005
Abstract: Failure rate analysis (Stollmack and Harris, 1974 Maltz and McCleary, 1977) is used to study the reci ism of all prisoners released for the first time between July 1975 and June 1984 from Western Australian prisons (n = 11,262). Reci ism is defined as reincarceration and excludes convictions involving other penal sanctions. Prisoners serving sentences in police lock-ups, remanded in custody, or sentenced to imprisonment prior to July 1975 were also excluded. Estimates of the ultimate probability of reci ism for this population and various subgroups describe reci ism for race, sex, age, offense, and other variables, confirming a classic failure profile with strong distinctions by these factors, particularly race. Overall, the probability of reci ism for aboriginal male prisoners was 80% (SE 2%) and for nonaboriginal males was 48% (SE 2%) and the median times to fail for these groups were 11 months and 18 months, respectively. Female aboriginal reci ism was 75% (SE 6%) and female nonaboriginal reci ism was 29% (SE 7%) and the median times to fail were 16 months and 19 months, respectively. Higher reci ism was observed for male, and young prisoners. Other variables considered include major offense (at first receival), actual time served, sentence type, prison (at exit), and marital, educational, and employment status. Lower reci ism was observed for nonaboriginal prisoners incarcerated longer and for more serious offenses. Participation in work release and financial assistance on release was also associated with lower reci ism. The time to fail was consistently much shorter for aboriginals across all factors than for nonaboriginal prisoners. A general downward trend in reci ism was found between the years 1975 through 1976 and 1978 through 1979 although it was less marked for aboriginal prisoners and did not continue beyond the period 1980-1981. The contribution of aboriginal reci ism to high rates of imprisonment in Western Australia is discussed in relation to the utility of imprisonment. The limitations and merits of failure rate analysis in reci ism studies are considered.
Developments in the global law enforcement of cyber‐crime
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1108/13639510610684674
Abstract: Addresses the rapid expansion of computer connectivity and the opportunities provided for criminals to exploit security vulnerabilities in the online environment. International efforts to combat cyber‐crime are reviewed by evaluating the forms of mutual legal assistance (MLA) now in place. Cyber‐crime is often traditional crime (e.g. fraud, identify theft, child pornography) albeit executed swiftly and to vast numbers of potential victims, as well as unauthorised access, damage and interference to computer systems. Most detrimental are malicious and exploit codes that interrupt computer operations on a global scale and along with other cyber‐crimes threaten e‐commerce. The cross‐national nature of most computer‐related crimes have rendered many time‐honoured methods of policing both domestically and in cross‐border situations ineffective even in advanced nations, while the “digital ide” provides “safe havens” for cyber‐criminals. In response to the threat of cyber‐crime there is an urgent need to reform methods of MLA and to develop trans‐national policing capability. The international response is briefly outlined in the context of the United Nations (UN) Transnational Organised Crime Convention (in force from September 2003) and the Council of Europe's innovative Cyber‐crime Convention (in force from July 2004). In addition, the role of the UN, Interpol, other institutions and bi‐lateral, regional and other efforts aimed a creating a seamless web of enforcement against cyber‐criminals are described. The potential for potent global enforcement mechanisms are discussed.
Uncertainty and the case of police constable ‘Tiger’ Tsui Po-ko
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2013
After the Bo Xilai Trial: Does Corruption Threaten China's Future?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2014
The Phantom of Deterrence: The Crime (Serious and Repeat Offenders) Sentencing Act
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1993
DOI: 10.1177/000486589302600306
Abstract: Throughout 1991 a car theft “crime wave” and a series of deaths arising from high-speed police pursuits had engendered an atmosphere of crisis in “law and order” in Western Australia. Prompted by these events, controversial legislation (the Crime (Serious and Repeat Offenders) Sentencing Act 1992) aimed at “high risk” juvenile offenders and increasing penalties was rushed through the Parliament of Western Australia in early 1992. A critique of the legislation illustrates that it both breached human rights and failed to address the difficulties of implementing selective incapacitation policies. Following the introduction of the new law the government claimed that downward trends in car theft, police high-speed pursuits and other offences were due to the deterrent effects of the increased penalties provided. The data, however, indicate that the decline in official records of car theft and juvenile convictions had begun prior to the introduction of the legislation. Significant correlations between reports of stolen vehicles and arrests for car theft (especially Aboriginal juvenile arrests) were found but not for police high-speed pursuits or arrests of persistent offenders and reports of stolen vehicles. This suggests that targeting “hard core” juvenile offenders had, at best, modest and temporary effects on vehicle theft. While a sharp decline in the relevant statistics was observed around the time of the passage of the law, this proved short-lived and other factors, such as changes in policing (the introduction of cautioning, the formation of a special motor vehicle task force, and stricter guidelines on pursuits) are more compelling explanations than the deterrent aims of the legislation.
Estimating the numbers of prison terms in criminal careers from one-step probabilities of recidivism
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF01063234
Business and the risk of crime in China
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-11-2013
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZS059
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0878042
Start Date: 09-2008
End Date: 12-2011
Amount: $542,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP120200759
Start Date: 08-2012
End Date: 08-2015
Amount: $331,512.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0770507
Start Date: 2007
End Date: 11-2010
Amount: $222,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivitySpecial Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0700002
Start Date: 10-2007
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $11,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP1096833
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $350,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity