ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4137-0748
Current Organisation
Nanjing Forestry University
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.6799
Abstract: Ordinary clay is a natural material with bulk volume that can potentially be used as a low‐cost support material for a catalyst after activation. In this study, ordinary clay was pretreated with NaOH and used as the support of a nickel catalyst. The treatment of the clay with NaOH significantly increased the mesopores, remarkably promoting the dispersion of Ni and enhancing the thermal stability of nickel by increasing the interaction of nickel with the support. In addition, the activation of the clay with NaOH created abundant alkaline sites and, correspondingly, reduced the acid sites on the catalyst surface. The presence of the alkaline sites suppressed the acetalization and etherification in the conversion of either furfural or vanillin in ethanol, making hydrogenation the dominant reaction route. The alkaline sites with an electron‐rich nature also suppressed the further hydrogenation of the furan ring in furfuryl alcohol with ethanol as the reaction medium. The nickel catalyst with the untreated clay as support did not have such an effect and the abundant acidic sites made the acetalization/etherification the competitive reactions of hydrogenation. The acidic/basic properties of the Ni/clay before and after the pretreatment with NaOH significantly impacted the reaction network in the hydrogenation reactions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.6318
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2022.02.037
Abstract: Rational design with fine-tuning of the electrocatalyst material is vital for achieving the desired sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for an electrochemical sensor. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical core-shell catalyst was employed as a self-standing, binder-free electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The catalyst was prepared by decorating the shell of NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets (NSs) on the core of Cu nanowires (NWs) grown on a Cu foam support. The optimized 3D core-shell Cu@NiFe LDH sensor demonstrated higher sensitivity (7.88 mA mM
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/EN13195105
Abstract: The simple incineration of wood-based panels (WBPs) waste generates a significant amount of NOx, which has led to urgency in developing a new method for treating the N-containing biomass residues. This work aims to examine the N evolution and physiochemical structural changes during the co-pyrolysis of fiberboard and glucose, where the percentage of glucose in the feedstock was varied from 0% to 70%. It was found that N retention in chars was monotonically increased with increasing use of glucose, achieving ~60% N fixation when the glucose accounted for 70% in the mixture. Pyrrole-N (N-5) and Pyridine-N (N-6) were preferentially formed at high ratios of glucose to fiberboard. While the relevant importance of volatile–char interactions to N retention and transformation could be observed, the volatile–volatile reactions from the two feedstocks played a vital role in the increase in abundance of glucose. With the introduction of glucose, the porous structure and porosity in chars from the co-pyrolysis were dramatically altered, whereas the devolatilization of glucose tended to generate larger pores than the fiberboard. The insignificant changes in carbon structure of all chars revealed by Raman spectroscopy would practically allow us to apply the monosaccharides to the WBPs for regulating N evolution without concerns about its side effects for char carbon structures.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9GC03056E
Abstract: Highly selective conversion of xylose into levulinic acid/ester was achieved over the Zr-beta catalyst with balanced distribution of acidic sites.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-12-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.6324
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.134381
Abstract: This study investigated the pyrolysis of lignin pyrolysis in a temperature region from 200 to 800 °C, aiming to understand influence of pyrolysis temperature on evolution of structures of the resulting char. The results showed that fusion of the ring structure initiated at 200 °C, where the C/H ratio in the char was equal to that in naphthalene (two fused rings). The C/H ratio in the char obtained at 350 °C corresponded to that in pyrene (four fused rings), while the char produced at 550 °C was equivalent to 20 fused benzene rings in terms of C/H ratio. The increasing pyrolysis temperature also shifted the oxygen-containing functionalities such as the carbonyl, esters, ketones in the bio-oil to the ether functionality that had a higher thermal stability. The DRIFTS study of pyrolysis of lignin showed that drastic changes of the functionalities and the internal structure of the char occurred in a narrow temperature region from 520 to 530 °C. The carbonyl functionality and the aliphatic structure were eliminated, and new conjugated π-bond systems formed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-020-03043-4
Abstract: The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) 1–4 . Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 5–8 . Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km 2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0CY01943G
Abstract: Nickel phosphide species can tailor the selectivity of hydrogenation sites. The yields of CPO and CPL reached 93.5% over 15%Ni–25%P/Al 2 O 3 . The balanced distribution of hydrogenation/acid sites maximizes the yield of CPO.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CY00985J
Abstract: The steric hindrance of nanofibrous Ni–Al 2 O 3 catalyst can be effectively reduced compared with that of the amorphous Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst, which greatly increases the activity of furfural and HMF hydrogenation at room temperature.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-10-2018
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES23102717
Abstract: Water inside coal particles could potentially enhance the interior char–steam reactions during pyrolysis and gasification. This study aims to examine the effects of water contents on the char conversion during the pyrolysis and gasification of Shengli lignite. The ex-situ reactivities of chars were further analyzed by a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Under the pyrolysis condition, the increase in water contents has monotonically decreased the char yields only when the coal particles were small ( µm). In contrast, the water in only large coal particles (0.9–2.0 mm) has clearly favored the increase in char conversion during the gasification condition where 50% steam in argon was used as external reaction atmosphere. The waved reactivity curves for the subsequent char–air reactions were resulted from the nature of heterogeneity of char structure. Compared to the large particles, the less interior char–steam reactions for the small particles have created more differential char structure which showed two different stages when reacting with air at the low temperature in TGA.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-03-2021
DOI: 10.1002/APP.50728
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-01-2023
Abstract: The rapid consumption of fossil energy and the urgent demand for sustainable development have significantly promoted worldwide efforts to explore new technology for energy conversion and storage. Carbon-based supercapacitors have received increasing attention. The use of biomass and waste as a carbon precursor is environmentally friendly and economical. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was used to synthetize coke from bio-oil, which can create a honeycomb-like structure that is advantageous for electrolyte transport. Furthermore, hydrothermal pretreatment, which is low in temperature, can create a low graphitization degree which can make heteroatom introduction and activation easier. Then, urea and KOH were used for doping and activation, which can improve conductivity and capacitance. Compared with no heteroatom and activation hydrothermal char (HC) (58.3 F/g at 1 A/g), the prepared carbon material nitrogen doping activated hydrothermal carbon (NAHC1) had a good electrochemical performance of 225.4 F/g at 1 A/g. The specific capacitance of the prepared NAHC1 was improved by 3.8 times compared with that of HC.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/EN15197221
Abstract: In thermal conversion utilization, nitrogen-rich biomass such as waste wood-based panels will release a large amount of NOx into the atmosphere, causing serious harm to the surroundings. By means of co-pyrolysis, N in waste wood-based panels can be fixed in chars instead of discharging into the atmosphere in the form of volatile matter, which can reduce NOx emission and lay a foundation for the preparation of nitrogen-rich carbon materials with high added value. As the most commonly used adhesive in the production of wood-based panels, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (UF) is the main nitrogen source in waste wood-based panels. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of glucose, ethyl maltol and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) on nitrogen migration and conversion during UF pyrolysis by adjusting the different proportions of model compounds and UF. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that ethyl maltol and DMHF had lower thermal stability and the pyrolysis process was concentrated in the range of 90–168 °C, which does not coincide with the mass loss temperature of UF. UF can promote the pyrolysis of these three model compounds at the initial stage to some extent. The elemental analysis showed that the N retention in co-pyrolysis chars increased in varying degrees with the increase of the addition of model compounds the nitrogen retention in chars of glucose-UF, ethyl maltol-UF and DMHF-UF increased by 28.47%, 3.48% and 16.45% with the increase of the model compound content from 50% to 90%, respectively. The XPS results showed that the relative content of N-6 in chars increased with the increase of ethyl maltol content, and the relative content of N-5 in chars increased with the increased addition of DMHF. Glucose had little effect on the distribution of N-functional groups in chars.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153959
Abstract: Biochar is a carbonaceous material from pyrolysis of biomass, the application of which is governed by its various properties such as the distribution of the functionalities and the associated hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature. This study particularly focused on the correlation of functionalities of biochar with its polarities by conducting the pyrolysis of cellulose from 200 to 700 °C and the characterization of the biochar. The results demonstrated that -OH, instead of CO or C-O-C, played decisive roles in formation of the biochar with hydrophilic surface. The results showed that the maximum of -OH abundance and the aliphatic CH was reached at 440 °C. The significant transition of oxygen-rich functionalities to carbon-rich functionalities occurred in the temperature from 460 to 700 °C. The dominance of aromatization process above this temperature range resulted in the significant increase of hydrophobicity of the biochar. The hydrophilic surface was of importance for the use of biochar as support for promoting the dispersion of Cu in Cu/biochar by generating the bonding sites for chelating with Cu
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.109467
Abstract: This study investigated the gasification of wood, weed, plastic, tire, carton and their mixtures using zeolite (A4 type) as a catalyst, with the purpose of investigating the potential interactions of the various feedstocks during gasification. The co-gasification of the mixed feedstock led to the occurrences of the cross-interactions, which substantially impacted the distribution of the products in gasification. During the co-gasification, the pyrolysis/gasification of the different feedstocks produced the reaction intermediates with varied structures that interacted with each other and with the char formed from the different feedstock. The interaction could promote the gasification of the tarry compounds into gaseous products, which could also promote the gasification of the char to lower the char yields. Further to this, the cross-polymerisation or cracking of the varied reaction intermediates also took place during the co-gasification, leading to the formation of more coke deposits on catalyst. The co-gasification of the mixed feedstocks significantly impacted the reaction network, impacting the formation of gases, tar, char and the coke on catalysts, originating from the cross-interaction among the reaction intermediates derived from the pyrolysis/gasification of the various feedstocks.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.WASMAN.2018.11.033
Abstract: CaO-containing carbon pellets (CCCP) was prepared by mixing carbide slag (Ca(OH)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
Abstract: Selective conversion of levulinic acid/ester to γ-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol was achieved over copper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/EN12152979
Abstract: Biomass, as a renewable and clean energy resource, plays a vital role in energy security and greenhouse gas reduction across the world. This paper reports on our newly established technology: a downdraft fixed-bed biomass gasification system using nut shells (mainly apricot kernel shells) for electricity generation, heating and partially activated carbon production at the same time. Particularly, the key features of the gasification reactor will be presented in detail. In the commercial plant (3 MW scale) located in Hebei province, China, the typical energy conversion from apricot kernel shell gasification is as follows: 47% syngas, 44% char (partially activated carbon), 5% hot water, and 4% energy loss. The main gasification temperature is 600–800 °C, while the activation zone is 850–900 °C. The commercial system has currently been in operation for 4 years. Considering the partially activated carbon as a stable carbon carrier, the whole system features negative CO2 emissions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0701805JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: BioResources
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.15376/BIORES.13.3.6678-6693
Abstract: Furfural residue (FR), a solid waste from the furfural production industry, is rich in cellulose and lignin. It has great potential for producing bio-fuels and bio-chemicals through pyrolysis. To examine the effects of heating programs on the product distribution of FR pyrolysis, stepwise and one-step pyrolysis processes were compared using a commercial Py-GC/MS system. During the stepwise pyrolysis, the acids had a maximum yield at 300 °C, while the outputs of the ketones/aldehydes, furans, esters, alcohols, and sugars were the most abundant at 350 °C. The production of aromatics increased, whereas the nitrogen-containing compounds decreased as the temperature increased from 300 °C to 500 °C. The relative percentages of the aromatics and furans from the one-step pyrolysis were much higher than those from the stepwise pyrolysis. In contrast, the acids, sugars, alcohols, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkanes/olefins from the stepwise pyrolysis were higher than those from the one-step pyrolysis at 500 °C. The kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy of the FR was reduced from between 212 and 214 kJ/mol to between 189 and 191 kJ/mol as the degree of conversion (α) increased from 20% to 60%, before increasing from 191 kJ/mol to 478 kJ/mol as α further increased from 70% to 90%.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0SE01122C
Abstract: The development of reactors with varied configurations for the pyrolysis of municipal waste is discussed in this review.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-04-2022
DOI: 10.1002/BBB.2370
Abstract: Biomass is the sole carbon‐containing renewable resource on Earth, and has high potential for the production of platform chemicals. Phenol, one of the most important platform chemicals, is generally derived from lignin conversion. In this study, the production of phenol from co‐pyrolysis of cellulose and sodium borohydride at different mass ratios is investigated in detail. The results show that even a small amount of sodium borohydride (cellulose–sodium borohydride = 10:1) could effectively promote the conversion of cellulose to phenol through cellulose‐derived levoglucosan intermediates. As the mass ratio of cellulose–sodium borohydride decreased, the relative content of phenol in the products significantly increased, and could be as high as 11.0% when the ratio of cellulose to sodium borohydride was 2:1. Glycosidic bonds in cellulose were considered to play an important role in its catalytic conversion. Furthermore, the resulting solid product could be used as a B‐doping carbon material, which is desirable in various research fields. This study provided a novel method for the highly efficient utilization of cellulose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0CY00225A
Abstract: CoSO 4 /THF can selectively catalyze conversion of fructose to HMF, which is a cost-effective route for production and separation of HMF.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-06-2017
Publisher: Estonian Academy Publishers
Date: 2019
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0GC01272F
Abstract: This contribution discloses a new methodology for the preparation of N-doped carbon via the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-08-2019
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.6172
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2022.127055
Abstract: Aqueous phase of bio-oil (APBO) is water-rich but also contains some sugar-derivatives and phenolics. APBO has little potential as feedstock for producing biofuel, but can be potentially used as medium for hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass. In this study, the HTC of lignin in APBO was conducted, aiming to probe the influence of the organics in APBO on property of the hydrochar. The results indicated that the organics in APBO cross-polymerized with lignin derivatives, resulted in the yield of hydrochar to exceed 100%. In addition, APBO promotes the deoxygenation but does not promote dehydrogenation. More aliphatic structures are generated in the hydrochar, reducing its thermal stability. In addition, the hydrochar from APBO also shows the improved combustion performance by lowering the activation energy and the ignition temperature (180 vs 240 °C).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-12-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S40789-019-00290-3
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effects of calcium on the migration of nitrogen in coal (coal-N) to N-containing gas species, particularly, NH 3 and HCN (volatile-N) in volatiles, as well as the chemical transformation of the N in char during coal pyrolysis under different temperatures. The pyrolysis experiments of Shengli brown coal and its derived coal s les loaded with different contents of calcium were conducted under 600–800 °C in a novel fluidized bed reactor. The experimental results showed that during coal pyrolysis, the generation of NH 3 is mainly derived from secondary reactions among volatiles, tar and char with the catalytic effect of mineral matter, especially calcium in coal. Increasing pyrolysis temperature from 600 to 800 °C could enhance the release of N in coal to volatiles. Meanwhile, the increased pyrolysis temperature could also inhibit the generation of NH 3 while facilitating the formation of HCN. The release of HCN is more sensitive to pyrolysis temperatures. Specifically, under higher pyrolysis temperatures, more N-containing structures in coal would become thermally unstable and crack into HCN On the other hand, higher pyrolysis temperature could also enhance the decomposition of N in coal to N-containing species in tar or N 2 , thus reducing the release of HCN and NH 3 . Nitrogen in tar could either undergo secondary decomposition reactions, generating NH 3 , HCN, N 2 and other N-containing species in gas phase, or experience condensation polymerization by forming macromolecular structure and be retained in char at high pyrolysis temperatures. Calcium could significantly restrain the release of N from coal, thus reducing the yields of NH 3 and HCN. During coal pyrolysis, calcium catalytically enhances the fracture and combination of chemical bonds, generating abundant free radicals. These free radicals could continuously attack N-containing structures and consequently release the N-containing gaseous products, such as NH 3 , HCN, N 2 etc., resulting in the decrease of N in char. Calcium also plays important roles in nitrogen transformation in char during coal pyrolysis by catalytically intensifying the transformation of N in char from pyridinic nitrogen (N-6) and pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) to quaternary type nitrogen (N-Q) during coal pyrolysis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.10.006
Abstract: This paper investigated pyrolysis of palm kernel shell in a proposed reactor, which is characterized by internal recycling of heavy oil between a heavy oil sorption zone and pyrolysis zone. The internal recycling of heavy oil favors conversion of heavy oil to char, gas, and light oil. Compared with the product distribution from the conventional pyrolysis without heavy oil recycling, the yields of char, gas, and GC/MS detectable organic compounds increase from 34.8, 15.2, and 9.8 wt%-(dry feedstock) to 38.5, 19.0, and 16.9 wt%-(dry feedstock), respectively, with the help of internal recycling of heavy oil. The increases in the char and gas yields are interestingly found to be nearly equivalent. Furthermore, the yields of acetic acid and phenol in the resulting bio-oil can be as high as 10.1 and 2.7 wt%-(dry feedstock), and the outputs of 2-methylfuran, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and H
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-05-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FNANO.2021.688552
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based macrostructures are being developed to combat the issues associated with two-dimensional (2D) graphene materials in practical applications. The 3D macrostructures (3DMs), for ex le, membranes, fibres, sponges, beads, and mats, can be formed by the self-assembly of 2D graphene-based precursors with exceptional surface area and unique chemistry. With rational design, the 3D macrostructures can then possess outstanding properties and exclusive structures. Thanks to various advantages, these macrostructures are competing in a variety of applications with promising performances unlike the traditional activated carbons, biochars and hydrochars, which have less flexibilities for modifications towards versatile applications. However, despite having such a wide range of applications, 3DMs remain applicable on laboratory scale due to the associated factors like cost and extensive research. This perspective provides an overview of available graphene-based macrostructures and their erse synthesis protocols. In the synthesis, hydrothermal route, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), wet spinning, 3D printing, vacuum filtration, spray drying and emulsion methods are highlighted. In addition, the physio-chemical properties of these macrostructures are discussed with the relationship among the porosity, surface area and the bulk density. The perspective also highlights the versatile potentials of different 3DMs in wastewater remediation by adsorption, desalination, and catalytic oxidation, etc. Following the concluding remarks, future outlooks on commercial applications of 3DMs are also provided.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1SE00398D
Abstract: The bio-oil based carbon material modified by KOH activation and O, N doping is a promising non-metallic catalyst for nitrobenzene reduction with hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0CP04347H
Abstract: The (110) facet of h-WO 3 boosted the selective conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-11-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/EN15218081
Abstract: In this study, biochar was prepared via hybrid doping of N, O, and S by applying one-pot pyrolysis of poplar wood and S-containing urea formaldehyde at 900 °C. Different doping ratios were adopted, and the contents of O, N, and S were in the ranges of 2.78–5.56%, 2.16–4.92%, and 1.42–4.98%, respectively. This hybrid doping significantly enhanced the efficiency of the removal of tetracycline (40 mg/L) from wastewater to 71.84% in comparison with that attained by using normal poplar biochar (29.45%). The adsorption kinetics and isotherms indicated that the adsorption process was favorable and was dominated by chemisorption instead of physisorption the dominant adsorption process may be justified by the existence of abundant functional groups. The adsorption capacity was barely related to the surface area (R2 = 0.478), while it was closely related to the concentration of graphitic N (R2 = 0.985) because graphitic N enhanced the π–π interactions. The adsorption capacity was also highly related to the proportion of oxidized N and oxidized S owing to hydrogen bonding, which may have overlapped with the contribution of O-containing functional groups. This study presents a simple hybrid doping method for biochar modification and provides fundamental insights into the specific effects of O-, N- and S-containing functional groups on the performance of biochar for tetracycline removal.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-02-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1GC03474J
Abstract: The research works on preparation and application of biomass derived methyl levulinate were summarized. The problems, corresponding solutions, and future research directions in this field were proposed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0807-6
Abstract: A double burden of malnutrition occurs when in iduals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of % in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/EN13226033
Abstract: It remains challenging to develop a techno-economically feasible method to remove alkali and alkaline earth metal species (AAEMs) from rice husk (RH), which is a widely available bioresource across the world. In this study, the AAEMs leaching effect of aqueous phases of both bio-crude prepared by hydrothermal liquefaction (AP-HT) and bio-oil prepared by pyrolysis (AP-Pyro) of RH were systematically investigated. The results indicated that although the acidity of AP-HT and AP-Pyro are much lower than that of HCl, they performed a comparable removal efficiency on AAEMs (Na: 56.2%, K: 96.7%, Mg: 91.0%, Ca: 46.1% for AP-HT, while Na: 58.9%, K: 96.9%, Mg: 94.0%, Ca: 86.3% for AP-Pyro) with HCl. The presence of phenolics in bio-oil could facilitate the penetration of water and organic acids into the inner area of RH cells, thus enhancing the AAEMs removal via chelate reactions. The thermal stability of leached RH during thermochemical conversions was studied via TG and Py-GC-MS. The results showed that the heat conduction efficiency in leached RH was enhanced with a high pyrolysis rate, resulting in a narrow carbon chain distribution (C5–C10) of derived chemical compounds.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-11-2022
Abstract: The Persulfate-based advanced oxidation process is the most efficient and commonly used technology to remove organic contaminants in wastewater. Due to the large surface area, unique electronic properties, abundant N functional groups, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, N-doped biochars (NBCs) are widely used as catalysts for persulfate activation. This review focuses on the NBC for oxidative degradation of organics-contaminated wastewater. Firstly, the preparation and modification methods of NBCs were reviewed. Then the catalytic performance of NBCs and modified NBCs on the oxidation degradation of organic contaminants were discussed with an emphasis on the degradation mechanism. We further summarized the detection technologies of activation mechanisms and the structures of NBCs affecting the PS activation, followed by the specific role of the N configuration of the NBC on its catalytic capacity. Finally, several challenges in the treatment of organics-contaminated wastewater by a persulfate-based advanced oxidation process were put forward and the recommendations for future research were proposed for further understanding of the advanced oxidation process activated by the NBC.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2021
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.6971
Abstract: The interaction mechanism between adsorbent and adsorbate is of great significance in the adsorption process. Activated biochar, prepared from pine sawdust using CO 2 and H 2 O as activator, was employed to adsorb methylene blue in printing and dyeing pollutants. The pore structure, carbon structure of the aromatic ring system and functional groups were investigated though characterization analysis, and the adsorption kinetics and possible adsorption mechanism were also studied. The activated biochar prepared using CO 2 activation had greater specific surface area, pore structure and surface oxygen‐containing functional groups than that prepared using H 2 O, which was more conductive to improving its adsorption capacity. The electrostatic interaction between the surface oxygen‐containing functional groups and the π – π interaction formed in the aromatic rings enhanced the adsorption capacity of activated biochar for methylene blue. The adsorption process of methylene blue by activated biochar was spontaneous, and it conformed to pseudo‐second‐order kinetic characteristics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. It was a monolayer adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 160 mg g −1 . Activated biochar as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment has promise for application and development prospects. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0351805JES
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2022
DOI: 10.1002/BBB.2354
Abstract: Densification is widely considered as a means to improve the bulk energy density and transportation efficiency of biomass, while the durability and fuel quality of densified biomass often need to be further improved by the addition of binders. In this study, the heavy fractions of bio‐oils from slow pyrolysis (HBO‐SP) and hydrothermal treatment (HBO‐HT) of rice husk (RH) are used as bio‐binders for RH densification. Optimal parameters are determined based on Taguchi methods. They are: densification temperature 130 °C, densification pressure 200 MPa, bio‐binder content 8%, particle size 0.4–0.6 mm, and using HBO‐HT as the binder. The obtained pellets showed a high drop resistance of 99.8% and the binding mechanism is governed by solid bridges between particles. Heavy bio‐oils are deformed and re‐solidified and function as a binder for RH densification. The RH/HBO‐HT pellets showed lower activation energy for pyrolysis as well as lower ignition temperature (292.81 °C compared with 298.34 °C for RH pellets). The higher heating value of pellets was increased from 14.99 to 16.29 MJ kg −1 with 8 wt% HBO‐HT. The co‐densification of heavy bio‐oils and RH provides an approach for producing more qualified solid biofuels from agriculture wastes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2021.126436
Abstract: The conversion of cellulose to platform chemicals has attracted much attention because of its renewability. This work proposed an earth-abundant cobalt disulfide as a heterogeneous catalyst for methyl levulinate production from cellulose. The highest yield of methyl levulinate reached 61 mol% under the tested conditions of 200 °C, 2 MPa initial pressure, 0.45 catalyst/cellulose mass ratio, and 3 h reaction time. The XRD and TEM analyses demonstrated the crystal facet (111) of cobalt disulfide as a robust active site, which was in good agreement with the highest acidity of the crystal facet (111) calculated by the work functions. The XPS characterization showed that the main chemical valence of cobalt disulfide responsible for the methyl levulinate production was the surface Co
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-02-2022
Location: China
No related grants have been discovered for shu zhang.