ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5096-851X
Current Organisations
University of Eastern Finland
,
University of Jyväskylä
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-01-2021
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1152/AJPREGU.00076.2022
Abstract: Regular exercise and sauna bathing have each been shown to improve cardiovascular function in clinical populations. However, experimental data on the cardiovascular adaptations to regular exercise in conjunction with sauna bathing in the general population are lacking. Therefore, we compared the effects of exercise and sauna bathing to regular exercise using a multi-arm randomized controlled trial. Participants ( n = 47) aged 49 ± 9 with low physical activity levels and at least one traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to guideline-based regular exercise and 15-min postexercise sauna (EXS), guideline-based regular exercise (EXE), or control (CON) for 8 wk. The primary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) . Secondary outcomes included fat mass, total cholesterol levels, and arterial stiffness. EXE had a greater change in CRF (+6.2 mL/kg/min 95% CI, +4.2 to +8.3 mL/kg/min) and fat mass but no differences in BP when compared with CON. EXS displayed greater change in CRF (+2.7 mL/kg/min 95% CI, +0.2 to +5.3 mL/kg/min), lower systolic BP (−8.0 mmHg 95% CI, −14.6 to −1.4 mmHg), and lower total cholesterol levels compared with EXE. Regular exercise improved CRF and body composition in sedentary adults with CVD risk factors. However, when combined with exercise, sauna bathing demonstrated a substantially supplementary effect on CRF, systolic BP, and total cholesterol levels. Sauna bathing is a valuable lifestyle tool that complements exercise for improving CRF and decreasing systolic BP. Future research should focus on the duration and frequency of exposure to ascertain the dose-response relationship.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0606-X
Abstract: The minimum intensity of physical activity (PA) that is associated with favourable body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown. To investigate cross-sectional associations of PA and sedentary time (ST) with body composition and CRF in mid-childhood. PA, ST, body composition and CRF were measured in a population-based s le of 410 children (aged 7.6 ± 0.4 years). Combined heart-rate and movement sensing provided estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE, kJ/kg/day) and time (min/day) at multiple fine-grained metabolic equivalent (MET) levels, which were also collapsed to ST and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). Fat mass index (FMI, kg/m 2 ), trunk fat mass index (TFMI, kg/m 2 ) and fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m 2.5 ) were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal workload from a cycle ergometer test provided a measure of CRF (W/kg FFM). Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate associations. The cumulative time above 2 METs (221 J/min/kg) was inversely associated with FMI and TFMI in both sexes ( p 0.001) whereas time spent above 3 METs was positively associated with CRF ( p ≤ 0.002) CRF increased and adiposity decreased dose-dependently with increasing MET levels. ST was positively associated with FMI and TFMI ( p 0.001) but there were inverse associations between all PA categories (including LPA) and adiposity ( p ≤ 0.002) the magnitude of these associations depended on the activity being displaced in isotemporal substitution models but were consistently stronger for VPA. PAEE, MPA and to a greater extent VPA, were all positively related to CRF ( p ≤ 0.001). PA exceeding 2 METs is associated with lower adiposity in mid-childhood, whereas PA of 3 METs is required to benefit CRF. VPA was most beneficial for fitness and fatness, from a time-for-time perspective, but displacing any lower-for-higher intensity may be an important first-order public health strategy. Clinical trial registry number (website): NCT01803776 ( t2/show/NCT01803776 ).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-67983-7
Abstract: There are no practical and valid methods for the assessment of in idualised physical activity (PA) intensity in observational studies. Therefore, we investigated the validity of commonly used metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) and pre-determined PA intensity classification methods against in idualised PA intensity classification in 35 children 7–11-years-of-age. Then, we studied validity of mean litude deviation (MAD) measured by accelerometry during self-paced walking and running in assessment of in idualised PA intensity. In idualised moderate PA (MPA) was defined as V̇O 2 ≥ 40% of V̇O 2reserve and V̇O 2 ventilatory threshold (VT) and vigorous PA (VPA) as V̇O 2 ≥ VT. We classified 3–6 (or alternatively 4–7) METs as MPA and 6 ( 7) METs as VPA. Task intensities were classified according to previous calibration studies. MET-categories correctly identified 25.9–83.3% of light PA, 85.9–90.3% of MPA, and 56.7–82.2% of VPA. Task-specific categories correctly classified 53.7% of light PA, 90.6% of MPA, and 57.8% of VPA. MAD during self-paced walking discriminated MVPA from light PA (sensitivity = 67.4, specificity = 88.0) and MAD during self-paced running discriminated VPA from MPA (sensitivity = 78.8, specificity = 79.3). In conclusion, commonly used methods may misclassify PA intensity in children. MAD during self-paced running may provide a novel and practical method for determining in idualised VPA intensity in children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.14814/PHY2.14438
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 23-07-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.23292912
Abstract: Little is known about the associations of a sedentary lifestyle from childhood with cardiac work and function during adolescence. We studied if cumulative sedentary time and physical activity from childhood to adolescence are associated with cardiac work and function in adolescence. A total of 153 adolescents aged 15 years at the time of assessment of cardiac work and function participated. We assessed sedentary time and physical activity using a combined movement and heart rate sensor in childhood and adolescence (baseline, 2- and 8-year follow-ups) and cardiac work and function using impedance cardiography in adolescence (8-year follow-up). Cumulative sedentary time from baseline over the follow-up was directly (standardised regression coefficient β=0.245 to 0.246, 95% confidence intervals, CI=0.092 to 0.400) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (β=-0.355 to -0.323, 95% CI=-0.579 to - 0.119), and vigorous physical activity (β=-0.305 to -0.295, 95% CI=-0.524 to -0.083) from baseline over the follow-up was inversely associated with cardiac work at 8-year follow-up. Cumulative vigorous physical activity from baseline to 2- and 8-year follow-up was inversely associated with cardiac work index at 8-year follow-up (β=-0.225 to -0.218, 95% CI=-0.450 to 0.000). However, adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors partially explained these associations. Higher levels of sedentary time and lower levels of moderate and/or vigorous-intensity physical activity during childhood were associated with higher cardiac work in adolescence. These findings highlight the importance of obesity prevention and weight management and promotion physically active lifestyle since childhood to prevent abnormalities in cardiac function later in life. Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the role of sedentary time and physical activity in cardiac work and function in youth. We found that adolescents accumulating higher levels of sedentary time and lower levels of physical activity since childhood had higher cardiac workload compared to their more physically active peers. However, these associations were partly explained by adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. These findings highlight the importance of obesity prevention and weight management and promotion physically active lifestyle since childhood to prevent abnormalities in cardiac function later in life.
No related grants have been discovered for Eero Haapala.