ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1316-8139
Current Organisation
The University of Edinburgh
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Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2017-314228
Abstract: To estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with the use of antibiotics in the management of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a meta-analysis of demographic and health survey data sets from 30 countries in SSA. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random effects model. Χ 2 tests were employed to determine the factors associated with the antibiotic use. The pooled prevalence of antibiotic use among cases of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age was 23.1% (95% CI 19.5 to 26.7). The use of antibiotics in children with non-bloody diarrhoea in SSA was associated with (p .05) the source of care, place of residence, wealth index, maternal education and breastfeeding status. We found an unacceptably high use of antibiotics to treat episodes of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under the age of 5 in SSA.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2018.06.043
Abstract: To estimate full hepatitis B vaccination coverage (uptake of ≥3 doses of vaccine) among health-care workers (HCWs) in Africa. We systematically searched the PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL and Psych-Info databases for studies published from January 2010 to October 2017 that reported full hepatitis B vaccination coverage among HCWs in Africa. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine pooled estimates of full vaccination coverage. Of the 331 articles identified, 35 studies from 15 African countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The estimated full hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 24.7% (95% CI: 17.3-32.0). Regional coverage was highest in northern Africa (62.1%, 95% CI: 42.5-81.7) and lowest in central Africa (13.4%, 95% CI: 4.5-22.3). Doctors were more likely (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8-3.7) to be fully vaccinated than Nurses with estimated pooled estimates of 52.4% (95% CI: 31.1-73.8) and 26.3% (95% CI: 9.7-42.9), respectively. Also, HCWs with 10 or more years of experience were more likely to be vaccinated than those with less than 10 years of experience (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5-3.3). The common reasons identified for non-vaccination of HCWs were unavailability of vaccine 50.5% (95% CI: 26.5-74.4), busy work schedule 37.5% (95% CI: 12.6-62.4) and cost of vaccination 18.4% (95% CI: 7.1-29.7). The evidence available suggests that many HCWs in Africa are at risk of Hepatitis B infection as only a quarter of them were fully vaccinated against Hepatitis B virus. This study highlights the need for all African governments to establish and implement hepatitis B vaccination policies for HCWs.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-09-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY208
Abstract: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens through contact with human blood and other body fluids. This study was conducted to estimate the global and regional 1-year prevalence of percutaneous injuries (PCIs) among HCWs. We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo databases for studies published from January 2008 to January 2018 that reported the prevalence of PCIs among HCWs. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of PCIs among HCWs. Of the 5205 articles identified, 148 studies from 43 countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled global 1-year prevalence estimate of PCIs was 36.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32.9-40.0]. There were substantial regional variations in the 1-year prevalence of PCIs, ranging from 7.7% (95% CI: 3.1-12.4) in South America to 43.2% (95% CI: 38.3-48.0) in Asia. The estimates for Africa and Europe were comparable with values of 34.5% (95% CI: 29.9-39.1) and 31.8% (95% CI: 25.0-38.5), respectively. The highest 1-year prevalence by job category was among surgeons, at 72.6% (95% CI: 58.0-87.2). The estimates for medical doctors (excluding surgeons), nurses (including midwives) and laboratory staff (including laboratory technicians) were 44.5% (95% CI: 37.5-51.5), 40.9% (95% CI: 35.2-46.7) and 32.4% (95% CI: 20.9-49.3), respectively. PCIs commonly occurred among HCWs working in hospital (41.8%, 95% CI: 37.6-46.0) than non-hospital (7.5%, 95% CI: 5.9-9.1) settings. Our findings suggest high rates of PCIs among HCWs with direct patient care across many regions of the world. However, paucity of data from some countries was a major limitation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-06-2014
DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.908834
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the leading causes of death globally, accounting for about 3 million deaths worldwide in 2011. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of COPD in Africa in the year 2010 to provide the information that could assist health policy in the region. We conducted a systematic review of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health for studies on COPD published between 1990 and 2012. We included original population based studies providing estimates of the prevalence of COPD. We considered the reported estimates in terms of the mean age of the s le, sex ratio, the year of study and the country of the study as possible covariates. RESULTS from two different types of studies, i.e., based on spirometric and non-spirometric diagnosis of COPD, were further compared. The United Nation Population Division's population figures were used to estimate the number of COPD cases in the year 2010. Our search returned 243 studies, from which only 13 met our selection criteria and only five were based on spirometry. The difference in the median prevalence of COPD in persons aged 40 years or older based on spirometry data (13.4% IQR: 9.4%-22.1%) and non-spirometry data (4.0% IQR: 2.1%-8.9%) was statistically significant (p = 0.001). There was no significant effect of the gender or the year of the study on the reported prevalence of COPD in either set of studies. The prevalence of COPD increased with age in spirometry-based studies (p = 0.017), which is a plausible finding suggesting internal consistency of spirometry-based estimates, while this trend was not observed in studies using other case definitions. When applied to the appropriate age group (40 years or more), which accounted for 196.4 million people in Africa in 2010, the estimated prevalence translates into 26.3 million (18.5-43.4 million) cases of COPD. Comparable figures for the year 2000 based on the same prevalence rates would amount to 20.0 million (14.1-33.1), suggesting an increase of 31.5% over a decade that is attributable to ageing of the African population alone. Our findings suggest that COPD is likely to already represent a very large public health problem in Africa. Moreover, rapidly ageing African population should expect a steady increase in the number of COPD cases in the next decade and beyond. The quantity and quality of available evidence does not match the size of the problem. There is a need for more research on COPD prevalence, but also incidence, mortality and risk factors in Africa. We hope this study will raise awareness of COPD in Africa and encourage further research.
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 29-11-2018
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 13-10-2017
Publisher: Croatian Medical Journals
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 15-04-2022
Publisher: International Society of Global Health
Date: 16-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JINF.2018.07.001
Abstract: To estimate the proportion of over-the-counter antibiotic requests or consultations that resulted in non-prescription supply of antibiotics in community pharmacies globally. We systematically searched EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL databases for studies published from January 2000 to September 2017 reporting the frequency of non-prescription sale and supply of antibiotics in community pharmacies across the world. Additional articles were identified by checking reference lists and a Google Scholar search. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled estimates of non-prescription supply of antibiotics. Of the 3302 articles identified, 38 studies from 24 countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All the included countries with the exception of one, classified antibiotics as prescription-only medicines. The overall pooled proportion of non-prescription supply of antibiotics was 62% (95% CI 53-72). The pooled proportion of non-prescription supply of antibiotics following a patient request was 78% (95% CI 59-97) and based on community pharmacy staff recommendation was 58% (95% CI 48-68). The regional supply of non-prescription antibiotics was highest in South America, 78% (95% CI 72-84). Antibiotics were commonly supplied without a prescription to patients with symptoms of urinary tract infections (68%, 95% CI 42-93) and upper respiratory tract infections (67%, 95% CI 55-79). Fluoroquinolones and Penicillins respectively were the most commonly supplied antibiotic classes for these indications. Antibiotics are frequently supplied without prescription in many countries. This overuse of antibiotics could facilitate the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 26-09-2018
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Davies Adeloye.