ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1903-939X
Current Organisation
The University of Edinburgh
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Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 04-1997
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-1984
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 08-03-2012
Abstract: Orogenesis, the process of mountain building, occurs when two tectonic plates collide – either forcing material upwards to form mountain belts such as the Alps or Himalayas or causing one plate to be subducted below the other, resulting in volcanic mountain chains such as the Andes. Integrating the approaches of structural geology and metamorphism, this book provides an up-to-date overview of orogenic research and an introduction to the physico-chemical properties of mountain belts. Global ex les are explored, the interactioning roles of temperature and deformation in the orogenic process are reviewed, and important new concepts such as channel flow are explained. This book provides a valuable introduction to this fast-moving field for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of structural geology, plate tectonics and geodynamics, and will also provide a vital overview of research for academics and researchers working in related fields including petrology geochemistry and sedimentology.
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 13-08-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 30-06-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1180/MINMAG.2015.079.6.41
Abstract: The use of underground geological repositories, such as in radioactive waste disposal (RWD) and in carbon capture (widely known as Carbon Capture and Storage CCS), constitutes a key environmental priority for the 21 st century. Based on the identification of key scientific questions relating to the geophysics, geochemistry and geobiology of geodisposal of wastes, this paper describes the possibility of technology transfer from high-technology areas of the space exploration sector, including astrobiology, planetary sciences, astronomy, and also particle and nuclear physics, into geodisposal. Synergies exist between high technology used in the space sector and in the characterization of underground environments such as repositories, because of common objectives with respect to instrument miniaturization, low power requirements, durability under extreme conditions (in temperature and mechanical loads) and operation in remote or otherwise difficult to access environments.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-1984
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-03-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00311009
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2000
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-1988
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 08-03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00306508
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2001
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-05-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000948
Abstract: Experimentally constrained calibrations of the incorporation of H 2 O and CO 2 into cordierite as functions of P–T- a H 2 O - a CO 2 are integrated with KFMASH grids which define mineral-melt equilibria in pelites. This is used to explore the impact of the volatile content and composition of cordierite on anatexis and melt-related processes in high-temperature (HT) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) metamorphism. The strongly temperature-sensitive H 2 O content of cordierite coexisting with dehydration melts (0·4–1·6 wt.%) causes a 10–25% relative decrease in the amount of melt produced from pelites compared with models which treat cordierite as anhydrous. KFMASH melting grids quantified for a H 2 O demonstrate consistency between the measured H 2 O contents in cordierite from granulite-migmatite terrains and mineral equilibria. These indicate anatexis with a H 2 O in the range 0·26–0·16 at 6–8 kbar and 870–930°C. The pressure-stability of cordierite+garnet with respect to orthopyroxene+sillimanite+quartz in KFMASH is strongly influenced by cordierite H 2 O content, which decreases from 1·1 to 0·5 wt.% along the melting reaction Grt+Crd H +Kfs=Opx+Sil+Qz+L. The lower-T invariant point involving biotite (8·8 kbar/900°C) that terminates this reaction has a H 2 O of 0·16±0·03, whereas the higher-T terminating invariant point involving osumilite (7·9 kbar/940°C) occurs at a H 2 O 0·08±0·02. Osumilite-bearing assemblages in UHT terrains imply a H 2 O of ·08, and at 950–1000°C and 8–9 kbar calculated a H 2 O is only 0·04–0·02. Cordierites stable in osumilite-bearing assemblages or with sapphirine+quartz have maximum predicted H 2 O contents of ca. 0·2 wt.%, consistent with H 2 O measured in cordierites from two sapphirine-bearing UHT s les from the Napier Complex. The addition of CO 2 to the H 2 O-undersaturated (dehydration-melting) system marginally decreases the temperature of melting because of the stabilisation of cordierite, the solid product of the peritectic melting reactions. The preferential incorporation of CO 2 enhances the stability of cordierite, even at fixed a H 2 O , and causes the stability fields of Grt+Crd+Sil+Kfs+Qz+L and Grt+Opx+Crd+Kfs+Qz+L to expand to higher pressure, and to both higher and lower temperatures. The minimum solubility of H 2 O in granitic melt is independent of the CO 2 content of cordierite, and the distribution of H 2 O between melt and cordierite is similar at a given melt H 2 O-content to the H 2 O-only system. This enhanced stability of CO 2 -bearing cordierite leads to a reduced stability range for osumilite-bearing assemblages to temperatures of ca. 950–975°C or greater. Cordierites in the Napier Complex UHT gneisses contain 0·5 and 1·05 wt.% CO 2 , consistent with a role for CO 2 in stabilising cordierite with respect to osumilite in these unusual sapphirine-bearing granul
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS10490
Abstract: Trace elements diffuse negligible distances through the pristine crystal lattice in minerals: this is a fundamental assumption when using them to decipher geological processes. For ex le, the reliable use of the mineral zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) as a U-Th-Pb geochronometer and trace element monitor requires minimal radiogenic isotope and trace element mobility. Here, using atom probe tomography, we document the effects of crystal–plastic deformation on atomic-scale elemental distributions in zircon revealing sub-micrometre-scale mechanisms of trace element mobility. Dislocations that move through the lattice accumulate U and other trace elements. Pipe diffusion along dislocation arrays connected to a chemical or structural sink results in continuous removal of selected elements (for ex le, Pb), even after deformation has ceased. However, in disconnected dislocations, trace elements remain locked. Our findings have important implications for the use of zircon as a geochronometer, and highlight the importance of deformation on trace element redistribution in minerals and engineering materials.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-04-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1984
DOI: 10.1007/BF00371704
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1983
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.1038/375451A0
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JMG.12486
Abstract: A highly residual granulite facies rock (s le RG07‐21) from Lunnyj Island in the Rauer Group, East Antarctica, presents an opportunity to compare different approaches to constraining peak temperature in high‐grade metamorphic rocks. S le RG07‐21 is a coarse‐grained pelitic migmatite composed of abundant garnet and orthopyroxene along with quartz, biotite, cordierite, and plagioclase with accessory rutile, ilmenite, zircon, and monazite. The inferred sequence of mineral growth is consistent with a clockwise pressure–temperature ( P – T ) evolution when compared with a forward model ( P – T pseudosection) for the whole‐rock chemical composition. Peak metamorphic conditions are estimated at 9 ± 0.5 kbar and 910 ± 50°C based on conventional Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometry, Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry, and calculated compositional isopleths. U–Pb ages from zircon rims and neocrystallized monazite grains yield ages of c. 514 Ma, suggesting that crystallization of both minerals occurred towards the end of the youngest pervasive metamorphic episode in the region known as the Prydz Tectonic Event. The rare earth element compositions of zircon and garnet are consistent with equilibrium growth of these minerals in the presence of melt. When comparing the thermometry methods used in this study, it is apparent that the Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometer provides the most reliable estimate of peak conditions. There is a strong textural correlation between the temperatures obtained using the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometer––maximum temperatures are recorded by a single rutile grain included within orthopyroxene, whereas other grains included in garnet, orthopyroxene, quartz, and biotite yield a range of temperatures down to 820°C. Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry returns significantly lower temperature estimates of 678–841°C. Estimates at the upper end of this range are consistent with growth of zircon from crystallizing melt at temperatures close to the elevated (H 2 O undersaturated) solidus. Those estimates, significantly lower than the calculated temperature of this residual solidus, may reflect isolation of rutile from the effective equilibration volume leading to an activity of TiO 2 that is lower than the assumed value of unity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2002
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00698323
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1992
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1130/G30753.1
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1992
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00321759
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 08-03-2012
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1144/SP383.3
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JMG.12118
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-08-2010
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2003
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1144/SP383.9
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1984
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 1987
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 25-07-2011
Publisher: Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.2465/JMPS.99.180
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1985
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1985
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-0001
DOI: 10.1038/347132B0
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41561-023-01249-5
Abstract: About four billion years ago, Earth’s outer layer is thought to have been composed mostly of a 25- to 50-km-thick basaltic crust that differentiated to form the oldest stable continental crust. However, the tectonic processes responsible for the formation of this continental material remain controversial. Suggested explanations include convergent plate boundary processes akin to subduction operating today and a variety of relatively shallow ( km) non-plate-tectonic intracrustal mechanisms. Here we perform high-pressure–temperature melting experiments on an oceanic plateau analogue for the early basaltic crust and show that magmas with the composition of the early continental crust cannot form at pressures .4 GPa (~50 km depth). This suggests that Eoarchaean continental magmas are formed in deep ( km) subduction-like environments. Our results support previous Eoarchaean field evidence and analyses of igneous rocks that date to 4.0–3.6 billion years ago, which are consistent with subduction-like processes and suggest a primitive type of plate tectonics operated as long as 4 billion years ago on early Earth.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.YQRES.2009.04.001
Abstract: The presence of glacial sediments across the Rauer Group indicates that the East Antarctic ice sheet formerly covered the entire archipelago and has since retreated at least 15 km from its maximum extent. The degree of weathering of these glacial sediments suggests that ice retreat from this maximum position occurred sometime during the latter half of the last glacial cycle. Following this phase of retreat, the ice sheet margin has not expanded more than ∼ 1 km seaward of its present position. This pattern of ice sheet change matches that recorded in Vestfold Hills, providing further evidence that the diminutive Marine Isotope Stage 2 ice sheet advance in the nearby Larsemann Hills may have been influenced by local factors rather than a regional ice-sheet response to climate and sea-level change.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2007
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1086/317947
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1180/MINMAG.2012.076.4.07
Abstract: We report a single-crystal Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) study of a s le of pollucite from Maine, USA. Prior to our work, the s le had been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis. It is cubic Ia 3 d , with a crystal-chemical formula Na 1.93 (Cs 10.48 Rb 0.31 K 0.04 ) Σ=10.83 (Al 14.45 Si 33.97 ) Σ=48.42 O 96 ·3.92H 2 O, and an H 2 O content, determined by thermogravimetric analysis, of 1.6 wt.%. The single-crystal FTIR spectrum has a doublet of intense bands at 3670 and 3589 cm –1 , which are assigned to the ν 3 and ν 1 stretching modes of the H 2 O molecule, respectively. A very intense and sharp peak at 1620 cm –1 is assigned to the ν 2 bending vibration. In the near-infrared region there is a relatively intense peak at 5270 cm –1 , which is assigned to a combination (ν 2 + ν 3 ) mode of H 2 O, and a weak but well defined doublet at 7118 and 6831 cm –1 , which is assigned to the first overtones of the fundamental stretching modes. A relatively weak but extremely sharp peak at 2348 cm –1 shows that the pollucite contains CO 2 molecules in structural cavities. Mapping the s le using FTIR indicates that both H 2 O and CO 2 are homogeneously distributed. Secondary ion mass spectrometry yielded an average CO 2 content of 0.09±0.02 wt.%. On the basis of this value, we determined the integrated molar absorption coefficient for the spectroscopic analysis of CO 2 in pollucite to be εiCO 2 = 11,000±3000 l mol –1 cm –2 the linear molar absorption coefficient for the same integration range is εlCO 2 = 1600±500 l mol –1 cm –1 .
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1998
Publisher: Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.2465/JMPS.99.140
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.22542891
Abstract: Excessive HCK activity in bone marrow-derived cells promotes STAT3-dependent gastric tumor development and invasion.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1998
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2005
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1017/S026359330001422X
Abstract: Processes involved in the formation and evolution of melts within the lower crustal mafic granulites are considered with reference to mafic migmatites from late Proterozoic (1200-1000 Ma) granulites of the Rauer Group, East Antarctica. Metaluminous dioritic and noritic leucocratic veins on scales of 1 cm to 1 m show agmatitic, stromatic and schlieren structures. These possible melts are compositionally distinct from charnockitic and enderbitic orthogneisses, which show intrusive contacts with the migmatites in areas of low strain. Important field relationships include the following: (a) Leucocratic veins contain plagioclase and rare quartz, coarse subhedral to euhedral orthopyroxene, ilmenite and apatite. Finer (2 cm) veins and layers are richer in mafic phases than larger (2-10 cm) veins. (b) Selvedges or melanosomes are developed between the larger melt areas and enclosing mafic gneisses. These melanosomes consist of garnet, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and biotite and are apatite-rich. (c) Pyroxene granulite palaeosomes typically display bleached zones (1-2 cm) adjacent to selvedges and veins, in which the modal proportion of clinopyroxene diminishes in favour of orthopyroxene. Geochemical and petrological studies demonstrate that localised or near-localised partial melting of the mafic granulites occurred during decompression from 8-9 kb to 7 kbar at a minimum temperature of 800-850°C. Geochemical mass balance calculations using measured vein, selvedge and palaeosome compositions indicate that near-closed system melting behaviour is likely for a large number of major and trace elements, but LILE behaviour is affected by the introduction of biotite probably associated with late stage fluids. Minor- and rare-earth element modelling predicts similar percentages of melting to those observed in the field, but yields reasonable results only when garnet is included as a minor residual phase. HREE concentrations in melanosomes do not show expected enrichments, probably as a result of later subsolidus changes including the breakdown of garnet during decompression. This study demonstrates that migmatites may form through the near-localised partial melting of basic lithologies within the granulite facies. The exact role of fluids in this case cannot be determined but melting is interpreted to be vapour-undersaturated. This process may be important in the production of volumetrically significant amounts of dioritic to tonalitic calc-alkaline magmas.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 1998
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1990
DOI: 10.1038/348394A0
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1984
DOI: 10.1007/BF01187140
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: Schweizerbart
Date: 05-06-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF00376338
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2012
End Date: 2017
Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
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