ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3686-6514
Current Organisations
Australian National University
,
University of York
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.3528
Abstract: Rates of global and regional sea‐level rise between ~1850 and 1950 were high compared to those in preceding centuries. The cause of this sea‐level acceleration remains uncertain, but it appears to be pronounced in a small set of relative sea‐level proxy records from the Southern Hemisphere. Here we generate three new proxy‐based relative sea‐level reconstructions for southeastern Australia to investigate spatial patterns and causes of historical sea‐level changes in the Tasman Sea. Palaeo sea‐level estimates were determined using salt‐marsh foraminifera as sea‐level indicators. Records are underpinned by chronologies based on accelerator mass spectrometry 14 C, radiogenic lead ( 210 Pb), stable lead isotopes and palynological analyses. Our reconstructions show that relative sea level rose by ~0.2–0.3 m over the last 200 years in southeastern Australia, and rates of sea‐level rise were especially high over the first half of the 20 th century. Based on modelled estimates of the contributing components to sea‐level rise, we suggest that the episode of rapid sea‐level rise was driven by barystatic contributions, but sterodynamic contributions were dominant by the mid‐20 th century. Significant spatial variability in relative sea level indicates that local to sub‐regional drivers of sea level are also prominent. Our reconstructions significantly enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of early 20 th century sea‐level rise in the region.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12671-023-02201-9
Abstract: The assessment of mindfulness has relied predominantly on self-report questionnaires, indicating a need for alternative methods based on objective data. The Breath-Counting Task (BCT) has been proposed as a viable candidate by several mindfulness researchers, but has been subject to relatively little scientific scrutiny. We conducted a mega-analysis using combined data from five separate studies, using multiple linear regression models to examine the relationship between BCT performance and self-reported mindfulness after controlling for age and gender. We examined associations with trait mindfulness as indexed by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Accuracy on the BCT correlated only with a combined dataset of z -scores derived from FFMQ-Acting with Awareness and MAAS. We also examined associations with two different types of task errors: miscounts (uncaught errors) and resets (self-caught errors). While reset rates correlated with FFMQ-Acting with Awareness, miscount rates did not correlate with any mindfulness measure. Our analyses provide confirmatory evidence that BCT performance is related to the attentional aspects of trait mindfulness and not its attitudinal aspects – however the relevant correlations are fairly small. In seeking an objective measure of mindful attention, the weak association observed with BCT resets and the lack thereof with BCT accuracy suggests more promise in paradigms based on self-monitoring lapses of attention, while sustained attention tasks such as the present BCT may be of limited application among in iduals new to meditation due to their lack of prior practice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2011
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 10-05-2021
DOI: 10.5334/OQ.87
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-16334
Abstract: & & Geologically recorded sea-level variations represent the sum total of all contributing processes, be it known or unknown, and may thus help in finding the full range of future sea-level rise. Significant sea-level-rise contributions from both northern and southern ice sheets are not unprecedented in the geological record and offer a well-constrained range of natural scenarios from intervals during which ice volumes were similar to or smaller than present (i.e., interglacial periods), to intervals during which total ice volume was greater (i.e., glacial periods).& & & & The last deglaciation is the most recent period of widespread destabilisation and collapse of major continental ice sheets. Records spanning the last deglaciation (as well as the ice volume maxima) are few, fragmentary and seemingly inconsistent (e.g., the timing and magnitude of melt-water pulses), in part due to locational (tectonic and glacio-isostatic) as well as modern analogue considerations (e.g., palaeo-water depth or facies formation depth). We present a new synthesis of sea-level indicators, with particular emphasis on the geological and biological context, as well as the uncertainties of each record. Using this new compilation and the novel application of statistical methods (trans-dimensional change-point analysis, which avoids & #8220 overfitting& #8221 of noise in the data), we will assess global ice-volume changes, sea-level fluctuations and changes in climate during the last deglaciation. Finally, we discuss the implications of these uncertainties on our ability to constrain past cryosphere changes.& &
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-03-2020
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU2020-1513
Abstract: & & Sea-level rise is among the greatest risks that arise from anthropogenic global climate change. It is receiving a lot of attention, among others in the IPCC reports, but major questions remain as to the potential contribution from the great continental ice sheets. In recent years, some modelling work has suggested that the ice-component of sea-level rise may be much faster than previously thought, but the rapidity of rise seen in these results depends on inclusion of scientifically debated mechanisms of ice-shelf decay and associated ice-sheet instability. The processes have not been active during historical times, so data are needed from previous warm periods to evaluate whether the suggested rates of sea-level rise are supported by observations or not. Also, we then need to assess which of the ice sheets was most sensitive, and why. The last interglacial (LIG ~130,000 to ~118,000 years ago, ka) was the last time global sea level rose well above its present level, reaching a highstand of +6 to +9 m or more. Because Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contributions were smaller than that, this implies substantial Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) contributions. However, this still leaves the timings, magnitudes, and drivers of GrIS and AIS reductions open to debate. I will discuss recently published sea-level reconstructions for the LIG highstand, which reveal that AIS and GrIS contributions were distinctly asynchronous, and that rates of rise to values above 0 m (present-day sea level) reached up to 3.5 m per century. Such high pre-anthropogenic rates of sea-level rise lend credibility to high rates inferred by ice modelling under certain ice-shelf instability parameterisations, for both the past and future. Climate forcing was distinctly asynchronous between the southern and northern hemispheres as well during the LIG, explaining the asynchronous sea-level contributions from AIS and GrIS. Today, climate forcing is synchronous between the two hemispheres, and also faster and greater than during the LIG. Therefore, LIG rates of sea-level rise should likely be considered minimum estimates for the future.& &
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2099
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-12874-3
Abstract: The last interglacial (LIG ~130 to ~118 thousand years ago, ka) was the last time global sea level rose well above the present level. Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contributions were insufficient to explain the highstand, so that substantial Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) reduction is implied. However, the nature and drivers of GrIS and AIS reductions remain enigmatic, even though they may be critical for understanding future sea-level rise. Here we complement existing records with new data, and reveal that the LIG contained an AIS-derived highstand from ~129.5 to ~125 ka, a lowstand centred on 125–124 ka, and joint AIS + GrIS contributions from ~123.5 to ~118 ka. Moreover, a dual substructure within the first highstand suggests temporal variability in the AIS contributions. Implied rates of sea-level rise are high (up to several meters per century m c −1 ), and lend credibility to high rates inferred by ice modelling under certain ice-shelf instability parameterisations.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-6103
Abstract: Salt marshes sequester carbon at rates& significantly exceeding those found in terrestrial environments. This ability& arises from the in-situ production of plant& biomass and the effective trapping& and storage of both autochthonous and allochthonous organic carbon. The& importance of this blue carbon store for mitigating& increasing atmospheric& carbon dioxide depends on both the rate at which carbon is buried within& sediments and the rapidity with which that carbon is remineralised. It has been hypothesized that carbon burial rates, in turn, depend on the local rate of sea-level rise, with faster sea-level rise providing more accommodation space for carbon storage. This study addresses& these three key aspects in a salt-marsh sediment study from& Lindisfarne, northern England. We quantify rates of carbon accumulation by& combining a Bayesian age-depth model based on& Pb and& Cs& activities with centimetre-resolution organic carbon density measurements. A& Bayesian isotope& mixing model pinpoints terrestrial sources as providing the& majority of stored carbon. We compare two approaches for& assessing the relative proportions of& labile and recalcitrant carbon based on a& two-pool modelling approach and thermogravimetric analysis. Preliminary results indicate that during the 20th century more carbon was stored at Lindisfarne salt marsh during decades with relatively high rates of sea-level rise.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/MAEC.12242
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2014.08.002
Abstract: The Great Barrier Reef holds the richest array of marine life found anywhere in Australia, including a erse and fascinating parasite fauna. Members of one group, the trematodes, occur as sexually mature adult worms in almost all Great Barrier Reef bony fish species. Although the first reports of these parasites were made 100 years ago, the fauna has been studied systematically for only the last 25 years. When the fauna was last reviewed in 1994 there were 94 species known from the Great Barrier Reef and it was predicted that there might be 2,270 in total. There are now 326 species reported for the region, suggesting that we are in a much improved position to make an accurate prediction of true trematode richness. Here we review the current state of knowledge of the fauna and the ways in which our understanding of this fascinating group is changing. Our best estimate of the true richness is now a range, 1,100-1,800 species. However there remains considerable scope for even these figures to be incorrect given that fewer than one-third of the fish species of the region have been examined for trematodes. Our goal is a comprehensive characterisation of this fauna, and we outline what work needs to be done to achieve this and discuss whether this goal is practically achievable or philosophically justifiable.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2013.09.014
Abstract: The presence of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in faecal s les is diagnostic of infection by these parasites. However, this technique cannot be used to distinguish between species of importance. The faecal culture technique and subsequent microscopic analysis of developed larvae is currently used to determine which parasite species are present in the s les, but these techniques take a week to perform and have inherent limitations. To overcome these parasite detection and identification problems, we have developed a DNA extraction method for sheep faeces, and a quantitative multiplex PCR (qPCR) test which can both enumerate and identify Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Teladorsagia. We demonstrate that the technique is sensitive to 10 eggs per gram and that dilution of DNA to 0.1 fold can overcome PCR inhibition issues for s les obtained from the field, while maintaining assay sensitivity. Further development of these tests for commercial use is warranted, given their potential to provide consistently faster and more accurate diagnoses of these parasites using simple s le collection and laboratory methods which can be easily adapted for the detection of a variety of pathogens from the same faecal s le.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-06-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2641
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0276287
Abstract: The blood fluke Cardicola forsteri (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) is a pathogen of ranched bluefin tuna in Japan and Australia. Genomics of Cardicola spp. have thus far been limited to molecular phylogenetics of select gene sequences. In this study, sequencing of the C . forsteri genome was performed using Illumina short-read and Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies. The sequences were assembled de novo using a hybrid of short and long reads, which produced a high-quality contig-level assembly (N50 430 kb and L50 = 138). The assembly was also relatively complete and unfragmented, comprising 66% and 7.2% complete and fragmented metazoan Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs), respectively. A large portion ( 55%) of the genome was made up of intergenic repetitive elements, primarily long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), while protein-coding regions cover 6%. Gene prediction identified 8,564 hypothetical polypeptides, 77% of which are homologous to published sequences of other species. The identification of select putative proteins, including cathepsins, calpains, tetraspanins, and glycosyltransferases is discussed. This is the first genome assembly of any aporocotylid, a major step toward understanding of the biology of this family of fish blood flukes and their interactions within hosts.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-7585
Abstract: Detailed sea-level budgets are now available for the 20th and 21st centuries, but separating the differing contributions of sea-level rise prior to 1900 remains difficult, in part due to additional temporal and vertical uncertainties associated with proxy records, and the spatially variable nature of driving processes.We present tide gauge and proxy reconstructions of sea level since 1700, and analyse their structure using Gaussian process modelling which allows for continuous reconstructions with fully quantified uncertainties. This enables the timing of accelerations, magnitude and rates of change to be determined, and in turn enables site-specific sea-level budgets to be derived. The contribution of different driving mechanisms (e.g., glacio-isostatic adjustment and sterodynamic changes) for each site is assessed, and the evolution of the barystatic contribution for the last 300 years is evaluated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.13686
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2023
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1144/SP398.10
Publisher: Past Global Changes (PAGES)
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2021.06.004
Abstract: Infections by blood flukes (Cardicola spp.) are considered the most significant health issue for ranched bluefin tuna, a major aquaculture industry in Japan and Australia. The host-parasite interfaces of trematodes, namely their teguments, are particularly rich in carbohydrates, which function both in evasion and modulation of the host immune system, while some are primary antigenic targets. In this study, histochemistry and mass spectrometry techniques were used to profile the glycans of Cardicola forsteri. Fluorescent lectin staining of adult flukes indicates the presence of oligomannose (Concanavalin A-reactive) and fucosylated (Pisum sativum agglutinin-reactive) N-glycans. Additionally, reactivity of succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA) was localised to several internal organs of the digestive and monoecious reproductive systems. Glycan structures were further investigated with tandem mass spectrometry, which revealed structures indicated by lectin reactivity. While O-glycans from these adult specimens were not detectable by mass spectrometry, several oligomannose, paucimannosidic, and complex-type N-glycans were identified, including some carrying hexuronic acid and many carrying core xylose. This is, to our knowledge, the first glycomic characterisation of a marine platyhelminth, with broader implications for research into other trematodes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-21990-Y
Abstract: The most rapid global sea-level rise event of the last deglaciation, Meltwater Pulse 1A (MWP-1A), occurred ∼14,650 years ago. Considerable uncertainty regarding the sources of meltwater limits understanding of the relationship between MWP-1A and the concurrent fast-changing climate. Here we present a data-driven inversion approach, using a glacio-isostatic adjustment model to invert for the sources of MWP-1A via sea-level constraints from six geographically distributed sites. The results suggest contributions from Antarctica, 1.3 m (0–5.9 m 95% probability), Scandinavia, 4.6 m (3.2–6.4 m) and North America, 12.0 m (5.6–15.4 m), giving a global mean sea-level rise of 17.9 m (15.7–20.2 m) in 500 years. Only a North American dominant scenario successfully predicts the observed sea-level change across our six sites and an Antarctic dominant scenario is firmly refuted by Scottish isolation basin records. Our sea-level based results therefore reconcile with field-based ice-sheet reconstructions.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 20-05-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.105270
Abstract: Aquaculture is the fastest growing primary industry worldwide. Marine finfish culture in open ocean net pens, or pontoons, is one of the largest growth areas and is currently the only way to rear high value fish such as bluefin tuna. Ranching involves catching wild juveniles, stocking in floating net pens and fattening for four to eight months. Tuna experience several parasite-induced disease challenges in culture that can be mitigated by application of praziquantel (PZQ) as a therapeutic. In this study, we characterized the microbiome of ranched southern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus maccoyii , across four anatomic sites (gill, skin, digesta, and anterior kidney) and evaluated environmental and pathological factors that influence microbiome composition, including the impact of PZQ treatment on microbiome stability. Southern bluefin tuna gill, skin, and digesta microbiome communities are unique and potentially influenced by husbandry practices, location of pontoon growout pens, and treatment with the antiparasitic PZQ. There was no significant relationship between the fish mucosal microbiome and incidence or abundance of adult blood fluke in the heart or fluke egg density in the gill. An enhanced understanding of microbiome ersity and function in high-value farmed fish species such as bluefin tuna is needed to optimize fish health and improve aquaculture yield. Comparison of the bluefin tuna microbiome to other fish species, including Seriola lalandi (yellowtail kingfish), a common farmed species from Australia, and Scomber japonicus (Pacific mackerel), a wild caught Scombrid relative of tuna, showed the two Scombrids had more similar microbial communities compared to other families. The finding that mucosal microbial communities are more similar in phylogenetically related fish species exposes an opportunity to develop mackerel as a model for tuna microbiome and parasite research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2009
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.1320
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.2478/S11686-011-0017-Y
Abstract: A new bucephalid species, Prosorhynchoides carvajali sp. nov. is described. This parasite was found in three marine fish, Auchenionchus microcirrhis (type-host), A. variolosus and Sicyases sanguineus (other-hosts), collected from the intertidal rocky zones of central Chile. P. carvajali sp. nov. is characterized by a pharynx in a post-equatorial position, a large cirrus sac length (half of the total worm length) and rounded caecum extending dorsally and anteriorly from pharynx. Although Prosorhynchoides carvajali sp. nov. closely resembles P. labiata the latter has an elongated, narrow and inverted-U-shape caecum, contrasting to P. carvajali sp. nov. which has a larger rounded caecum, directed anteriorly. To our knowledge this is the first known report of Prosorhynchoides on the South American Pacific coast.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-09-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 20-10-2022
Abstract: The “law of diminishing returns” is described for traditional growing rods. Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) have become a preferred implant for the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). We examined a large cohort of patients with EOS to determine whether the law of diminishing returns applies to MCGRs. A prospectively collected, multicenter registry was queried for patients with EOS treated with MCGRs. Patients with only spine-based implants and a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included patients with congenital scoliosis, single rods, lengthenings, or % missing data were excluded. Patients were analyzed in 3 cohorts: primary MCGR (pMCGR) had first-time MCGR implants, secondary MCGR (sMCGR) were converted from an MCGR to a new MCGR, and conversion MCGR (cMCGR) were converted from a non-MCGR implant to MCGR. A total of 189 patients in the pMCGR group, 44 in the cMCGR group, and 41 in the sMCGR group were analyzed. From post-MCGR placement to the most recent follow-up or pre-definitive procedure, there were no differences in the changes in major Cobb angle, T1-S1 height, or T1-T12 height over time between the pMCGR and cMCGR groups. There was a decrease in length achieved at subsequent lengthenings in all cohorts (p 0.01), and the sMCGR group had a significantly poorer ability to lengthen at each subsequent lengthening versus the pMCGR and cMCGR groups (p 0.02). The 1-year survival rate was 90.5% for pMCGR, 84.1% for sMCGR, and 76.4% for cMCGR 2-year survival was 61.5%, 54.4%, and 41.4%, respectively and 3-year survival was 37.6%, 36.7%, and 26.9%, respectively. Excluding MCGRs still expanding, 27.6% of pMCGRs, 8.8% of sMCGRs, and 17.1% of cMCGRs reached the maximum excursion. Overall, 21.7% reached the maximum excursion. Within the pMCGR cohort, idiopathic and neuromuscular etiologies had a decline in lengthening achieved over time (p 0.001), while syndromic EOS demonstrated a preserved ability to lengthen over time (p = 0.51). When the etiological groups were compared with each other, the neuromuscular group had the least ability to lengthen over time (p = 0.001 versus syndromic, p = 0.02 versus idiopathic). The MCGR experiences the law of diminishing returns in patients with EOS. We found that only 21.7% of rods expanded to within 80% of the maximum excursion. Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EDN3.65
Abstract: Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are providing tools for detecting invasive species in aquatic environments. Targeted qPCR assays applied to eDNA s les promise to overcome limitations of traditional methods, especially for early detection. The European green crab ( Carcinus maenas ) is considered one of the most successful invasive species globally due to the large range it has invaded and negative impacts on native species, marine habitats, and shellfish industries. We developed, laboratory‐validated, and field‐tested a specific qPCR assay for the detection of green crab from eDNA s les. We also show that the assay can detect green crab in bulk DNA extracted from plankton s les. Assay design, optimization, sensitivity, and specificity testing generally followed the validation pathway recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health for assays used to manage global aquatic animal health and infectious disease. Assay specificity was verified in silico and in vitro by laboratory testing 26 nontarget species, none of which showed potential for lification. Assay sensitivity was appropriately high, with the limit of detection approaching two gene copies/μl. The assay was field‐tested on eDNA s les collected from filtered seawater at five sites on the Pacific coast of Canada known to harbor green crab based on historical monitoring data green crab DNA was lified from all sites. We also present early pilot field testing of the assay done on bulk DNA extracted from plankton s les from four sites from Australia, two sites with and two sites without reported records of green crab presence. Green crab was detected at both sites with known green crab records. Significant inhibition was recorded for some plankton s les but not for eDNA s les. This is the first qPCR assay for detection of European green crab, providing researchers and managers with a valuable new tool to aid early detection and ongoing monitoring.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 18-11-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022RG000775
Abstract: Global ice volume (sea level) and deep‐sea temperature are key measures of Earth's climatic state. We synthesize evidence for multi‐centennial to millennial ice‐volume and deep‐sea temperature variations over the past 40 million years, which encompass the early glaciation of Antarctica at ∼34 million years ago (Ma), the end of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum, and the descent into bipolar glaciation from ∼3.4 Ma. We compare different sea‐level and deep‐water temperature reconstructions to build a resource for validating long‐term numerical model‐based approaches. We present: (a) a new template synthesis of ice‐volume and deep‐sea temperature variations for the past 5.3 million years (b) an extended template for the interval between 5.3 and 40 Ma and (c) a discussion of uncertainties and limitations. We highlight key issues associated with glacial state changes in the geological record from 40 Ma to present that require attention in further research. These include offsets between calibration‐sensitive versus thermodynamically guided deep‐sea paleothermometry proxy measurements a conundrum related to the magnitudes of sea‐level and deep‐sea temperature change at the Eocene‐Oligocene transition at 34 Ma a discrepancy in deep‐sea temperature levels during the Middle Miocene and a hitherto unquantified non‐linear reduction of glacial deep‐sea temperatures through the past 3.4 million years toward a near‐freezing deep‐sea temperature asymptote, while sea level stepped down in a more uniform manner. Uncertainties in proxy‐based reconstructions hinder further distinction of “reality” among reconstructions. It seems more promising to further narrow this using three‐dimensional ice‐sheet models with realistic ice‐climate‐ocean‐topography‐lithosphere coupling, as computational capacities improve.
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2015
DOI: 10.1111/MAEC.12145
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-04-2016
Abstract: Abstract. Sea-level and ice-sheet databases have driven numerous advances in understanding the Earth system. We describe the challenges and offer best strategies that can be adopted to build self-consistent and standardised databases of geological and geochemical information used to archive palaeo-sea-levels and palaeo-ice-sheets. There are three phases in the development of a database: (i) measurement, (ii) interpretation, and (iii) database creation. Measurement should include the objective description of the position and age of a s le, description of associated geological features, and quantification of uncertainties. Interpretation of the s le may have a subjective component, but it should always include uncertainties and alternative or contrasting interpretations, with any exclusion of existing interpretations requiring a full justification. During the creation of a database, an approach based on accessibility, transparency, trust, availability, continuity, completeness, and communication of content (ATTAC3) must be adopted. It is essential to consider the community that creates and benefits from a database. We conclude that funding agencies should not only consider the creation of original data in specific research-question-oriented projects, but also include the possibility of using part of the funding for IT-related and database creation tasks, which are essential to guarantee accessibility and maintenance of the collected data.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-10-2009
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.1331
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006300
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/FERMENTATION8070336
Abstract: Nitrogen compounds, especially ammonia, are widely produced in aquaculture systems during cultivation. Ammonia has been investigated as a model compound for use by heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria. Pseudomonas TT321 and Pseudomonas TT322, isolated from shrimp pond water in Soc Trang province, Vietnam, are identified by comparing them with 31 of the closest genomes sequences from the NCBI nucleotide database. The genome sizes of strains TT321 and TT322 were 5,566,241 bp and 5,563,644 bp, respectively. No plasmids were evident in these strains. Genome analysis revealed that TT321 and TT322 belonged to Pseudomonas putida and shared a common ancestor with 33 genomes. Analysis based on the comparison of genomes showed that three genes, carbamate kinase (arcC), glutamine synthetase (Glul), and aminomethyltransferase (amt), are involved in three metabolic pathways. These pathways are: (i) arginine and proline metabolism, (ii) alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and (iii) glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. These genes may play important roles in ammonia reduction and support bacterial growth via ammonia assimilation.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2019PA003632
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CORTEX.2019.02.014
Abstract: Our study proposes a test of a key assumption of the most prominent model of consciousness - the global workspace (GWS) model (e.g., Baars, 2002, 2005, 2007 Dehaene & Naccache, 2001 Mudrik, Faivre, & Koch, 2014). This assumption is that multimodal integration requires consciousness however, few studies have explicitly tested if integration can occur between nonconscious information from different modalities. The proposed study examined whether a classic indicator of multimodal integration - the McGurk effect - can be elicited with subliminal auditory-visual speech stimuli. We used a masked speech priming paradigm developed by Kouider and Dupoux (2005) in conjunction with continuous flash suppression (CFS Tsuchiya & Koch, 2005), a binocular rivalry technique for presenting video stimuli subliminally. Applying these techniques together, we carried out two experiments in which participants categorised auditory syllable targets which were preceded by subliminal auditory-visual (AV) speech primes. Subliminal AV primes were either illusion-inducing (McGurk) or illusion-neutral (Incongruent) combinations of speech stimuli. In Experiment 1, the categorisation of the syllable target ("pa") was facilitated by the same syllable prime when it was part of a McGurk combination (auditory "pa" and visual "ka") but not when part of an Incongruent combination (auditory "pa" and visual "wa"). This dependency on specific AV combinations indicated a nonconscious AV interaction. Experiment 2 presented a different syllable target ("ta") which matched the predicted illusory outcome of the McGurk combination - here, both the McGurk combination (auditory "pa" and visual "ka") and the Incongruent combination (auditory "ta" and visual "ka") failed to facilitate target categorisation. The combined results of both Experiments demonstrate a type of nonconscious multimodal interaction that is distinct from integration - it allows unimodal information that is compatible for integration (i.e., McGurk combinations) to persist and influence later processes, but does not actually combine and alter that information. As the GWS model does not account for non-integrative multimodal interactions, this places some pressure on such models of consciousness.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S00436-013-3423-2
Abstract: We examined four species of Plectropomus Oken, 1817 (Serranidae: Epinephelinae), Plectropomus areolatus (Rüppell), Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède), Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) and Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch) from sites off Heron Island and Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR), and the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia. Three new species of Neidhartia Nagaty, 1937, five new species of Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905, and one previously described species, Prosorhynchus freitasi Nagaty, 1937, are characterised. The three species of Neidhartia, Neidhartia haywardi n. sp., Neidhartia plectropomi n. sp. and Neidhartia tyleri n. sp. are readily distinguishable morphologically. Two of the six species of Prosorhynchus (Prosorhynchus lesteri n. sp. and Prosorhynchus wrightae n. sp.) are easily distinguished from their other congeners by morphology but the other four species (P. freitasi, Prosorhynchus heronensis n. sp., Prosorhynchus munozae n. sp. and Prosorhynchus plectropomi n. sp.) are generally similar in morphology and were only distinguished initially by comparing their ITS2 rRNA sequences. Three additional taxa, one from the GBR and two from French Polynesia, were recognised as distinct on the basis that their ITS2 rRNA sequences differed from those of the new taxa described here these species remain unnamed for the present. Inter-specific ergence observed within these genera in the ITS2 rRNA ranged from 10 to 42 base pairs (4-16 %) for species of Neidhartia and 2-57 base pairs (3-21 %) for species of Prosorhynchus. Inter-generic ergences were 42-55 base pairs (17-21 %). No intraspecific variation in the ITS2 rRNA region was observed for any of the six species for which multiple sequence replicates were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of 12 operational taxa from Plectropomus together with sequences of three other species from epinepheline serranids demonstrated that Neidhartia and Prosorhynchus were reciprocally monophyletic with the exception that P. wrightae n. sp. fell either within or basal to the Neidhartia species. The richness of bucephalids in species of Plectropomus appears to be exceptional within the Serranidae relative to that observed in other serranid genera in the tropical Indo-West Pacific.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2018
Abstract: The last deglacial was an interval of rapid climate and sea-level change, including the collapse of large continental ice sheets. This database collates carefully assessed sea-level data from peer-reviewed sources for the interval 0 to 25 thousand years ago (ka), from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present interglacial. In addition to facilitating site-specific reconstructions of past sea levels, the database provides a suite of data beyond the range of modern/instrumental variability that may help hone future sea-level projections. The database is global in scope, internally consistent, and contains U-series and radiocarbon dated indicators from both biological and geomorpohological archives. We focus on far-field data (i.e., away from the sites of the former continental ice sheets), but some key intermediate (i.e., from the Caribbean) data are also included. All primary fields (i.e., s le location, elevation, age and context) possess quantified uncertainties, which—in conjunction with available metadata—allows the reconstructed sea levels to be interpreted within both their uncertainties and geological context.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.13817
Abstract: The establishment and subsequent spread of invasive species is widely recognized as one of the most threatening processes contributing to global bio ersity loss. This is especially true for marine and estuarine ecosystems, which have experienced significant increases in the number of invasive species with the increase in global maritime trade. Understanding the rate and mechanisms of range expansion is therefore of significant interest to ecologists and conservation managers alike. Using a combination of population genetic surveys, environmental DNA (eDNA) plankton s ling and hydrodynamic modelling, we examined the patterns of introduction of the predatory Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis) and pathways of secondary spread within southeast Australia. Genetic surveys across the invasive range reveal some genetic ergence between the two main invasive regions and no evidence of ongoing gene flow, a pattern that is consistent with the establishment of the second invasive region via a human-mediated translocation event. In contrast, hydrodynamic modelling combined with eDNA plankton s ling demonstrated that the establishment of range expansion populations within a region is consistent with natural larval dispersal and recruitment. Our results suggest that both anthropogenic and natural dispersal vectors have played an important role in the range expansion of this species in Australia. The multiple modes of spread combined with high levels of fecundity and a long larval duration in A. amurensis suggests it is likely to continue its range expansion and significantly impact Australian marine ecosystems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Abstract: This study aimed to assess bacterial spoilage of half shell Pacific and Sydney rock oysters during storage using microbial culture and 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Odour and pH of oyster meats were also investigated. Estimation of microbiological counts by microbial culture highlighted growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. During storage, odour scores (a score describing deterioration of fresh odours where a score of 1 is fresh and 4 is completely spoiled) increased from 1.0 to 3.0 for Pacific oysters and from 1.3 to 3.4 for Sydney rock oysters. pH results obtained for both species fluctuated during storage (range 6.28-6.73) with an overall increase at end of storage. Pyrosequencing revealed that the majority of bacteria at Day 0 represented taxa from amongst the Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes that have not been cultured and systematically described. During storage, Proteobacteria became abundant with Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio found to be dominant in both oyster species at Day 7. Analysis of the pyrosequencing data showed significant differences in bacterial profiles between oyster species and storage time (both P = 0.001). As oysters spoiled, bacterial profiles between oyster species became more similar indicating a common spoilage profile. Data presented here provides detailed insight into the changing bacterial profile of shucked oysters during storage and has identified two genera, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio, as being important in spoilage of shucked oysters.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2020
End Date: 2022
Funder: Horizon 2020
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