ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4859-0180
Current Organisation
GNS Science
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-03-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-04-2016
Abstract: Abstract. Quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions provide data for evaluating the mechanisms of past, natural climate variability. Geometries of former mountain glaciers, constrained by moraine mapping, afford the opportunity to reconstruct palaeoclimate, due to the close relationship between ice extent and local climate. In this study, we present results from a series of experiments using a 2-D coupled energy balance–ice flow model that investigate the palaeoclimate significance of Last Glacial Maximum moraines within nine catchments in the central North Island, New Zealand. We find that the former ice limits can be simulated when present-day temperatures are reduced by between 4 and 7 °C, if precipitation remains unchanged from present. The spread in the results between the nine catchments is likely to represent the combination of chronological and model uncertainties. The majority of catchments targeted require temperature decreases of 5.1 to 6.3 °C to simulate the former glaciers, which represents our best estimate of the temperature anomaly in the central North Island, New Zealand, during the Last Glacial Maximum. A decrease in precipitation of up to 25 % from present, as suggested by proxy evidence and climate models, increases the magnitude of the required temperature changes by up to 0.8 °C. Glacier model experiments using reconstructed topographies that exclude the volume of post-glacial ( 15 ka) volcanism generally increased the magnitude of cooling required to simulate the former ice limits by up to 0.5 °C. Our palaeotemperature estimates expand the spatial coverage of proxy-based quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in New Zealand. Our results are also consistent with independent, proximal temperature reconstructions from fossil groundwater and pollen assemblages, as well as similar glacier modelling reconstructions from the central Southern Alps, which suggest air temperatures were ca. 6 °C lower than present across New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1108/09653560710739531
Abstract: There has been a considerable effort over the last decade to increase awareness of the tsunami risk in coastal Washington, USA. However, contemporary research on warning systems spawned by the recent Indian Ocean tsunami tragedy highlights the need for development of an effective tsunami warning system for both residents and transient populations, including visitors and tourists. This study sets out evaluate staff training for emergencies, emergency management exercises (including drills and evacuation), and hazard signage within motels and hotels in Ocean Shores, Washington, USA. Data were collected from interviews with reception staff and managers at 18 hotels, motels, and other accommodation establishments. Levels of staff training and preparedness for tsunami and other hazards were found to be generally very low, although ex les of “best practice” were found at a select few establishments. Larger hotels already had orientation or general training programmes set up which had the potential to incorporate future tsunami and hazard training, while smaller “owner‐operator” businesses did not. Suggestions on how to improve preparedness are discussed, including undertaking training needs analyses and conducting workshops, simulations and employee training to empower both businesses and employees. This case study provides an insight into the challenges faced by emergency managers and the tourism sector in improving the effectiveness of warning systems in areas with high transient populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.4231/D3R785P89
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-05-2021
No related grants have been discovered for Graham Leonard.