ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2664-9233
Current Organisation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-1996
DOI: 10.1136/IP.2.2.98
Abstract: Despite the widespread promotion of safety standards no epidemiological studies have adequately evaluated their effectiveness in preventing injury in falls from playground equipment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the height and surfacing requirements of the New Zealand standard for playgrounds and playground equipment. Early childhood education centres and schools in two major cities in the South Island of New Zealand. Data were collected on 300 children aged 14 years or less who had fallen from playground equipment. Of these, 110 (cases) had sustained injury and received medical attention, while 190 (controls) had not sustained injury requiring medical attention. Logistic regression models fitted to the data indicated that the risk of injury being sustained in a fall was increased if the equipment failed to comply with the maximum fall height (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 to 13.1), surfacing (OR = 2.3 95% CI 1.0 to 5.0), or safe fall height (OR = 2.1 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0) requirements. Falls from heights in excess of 1.5 metres increased the risk of injury 4.1 times that of falls from 1.5 metres or less and it was estimated that a 45% reduction in children attending emergency departments could be achieved if the maximum fall height was lowered to 1.5 metres. Although the height and surfacing requirements of the New Zealand standard are effective in preventing injury in falls from playground equipment, consideration should be given to lowering the maximum permissible fall height to 1.5 metres.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 18-02-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2019-101969
Abstract: Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems severity of health problems capturing and reporting athlete exposure expressing risk burden of health problems study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension—the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2020
Abstract: Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport- or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illnesses) epidemiology to date. To further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions, and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. Consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups, and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems, severity of health problems, capturing and reporting athlete exposure, expressing risk, burden of health problems, study population characteristics, and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE extension—the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programs and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes, and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. The implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2018.10.012
Abstract: Despite evidence for increased musculoskeletal injury after concussion recovery, there is a lack of dynamic balance assessments that could inform management and research into this increased injury risk post-concussion. Our purpose was to identify tandem gait dynamic balance deficits in recreational athletes with a concussion history within the past 18-months compared to matched controls. Cross-sectional, laboratory study. Fifteen participants with a concussion history (age: 19.7±0.9years 9 females median time since concussion 126 days, range 28-432 days), and 15 matched controls (19.7±1.6years 9 females) with no recent concussion history participated. We measured center-of-pressure (COP) outcomes (velocity, path length, speed, dual-task cost) under 4 tandem gait conditions: (1) tandem gait, (2) tandem gait, eyes closed, (3) tandem gait, eyes open, cognitive distraction, and (4) tandem gait, eyes closed, cognitive distraction. The concussion history group demonstrated slower tandem gait velocity compared to the control group (4.0cm/s difference), thus velocity was used as a covariate when analyzing COP path length and speed. The concussion history group (23.5%) demonstrated greater COP speed dual-task cost than the control group (16.3%) during the eyes closed dual-task condition. No other comparisons were statistically significant. There may be subtle dynamic balance differences during tandem gait that are detectable after return-to-activity following concussion, but the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. Longitudinal investigations should identify acute movement deficits in varying visual and cognitive scenarios after concussion in comparison with recovery on traditional concussion assessment tools while also recording musculoskeletal injury outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2017.12.011
Abstract: To compare movement reaction time and joint kinematics between athletes with recent concussion and matched control recreational athletes during 3 functional tasks. Cross-sectional. Laboratory. College-aged recreational athletes (N=30) comprising 2 groups (15 participants each): (1) recent concussion group (median time since concussion, 126d range, 28-432d) and (2) age- and sex-matched control group with no recent concussions. We investigated movement reaction time and joint kinematics during 3 tasks: (1) jump landing, (2) anticipated cut, and (3) unanticipated cut. Reaction time and reaction time cost (jump landing reaction time-cut reaction time/jump landing reaction time×100%), along with trunk, hip, and knee joint angles in the sagittal and frontal planes at initial ground contact. There were no reaction time between-group differences, but the control group displayed improved reaction time cost (10.7%) during anticipated cutting compared with the concussed group (0.8% P=.030). The control group displayed less trunk flexion than the concussed group during the nondominant anticipated cut (5.1° difference P=.022). There were no other kinematic between-group differences (P≥.079). We observed subtle reaction time and kinematic differences between in iduals with recent concussion and those without concussion more than a month after return to activity after concussion. The clinical interpretation of these findings remains unclear, but may have future implications for postconcussion management and rehabilitation.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-09-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2017-042642
Abstract: Despite detailed recommendations for sports injury data capture provided since the mid-1990s, international data collection efforts for sport-related death remains limited in scope. The purpose of this paper was to review the data sources available for studying sport-related death and describe their key features, coverage, accessibility and strengths and limitations. The outcomes of interest for this review was death occurring as a result of participation in organised sport-related activity. Data sources used to enumerate death in sport were identified, drawing from the authors’ knowledge/experience and review of key references from international organisations. The general purpose, case identification, structure, strengths and limitations of each source in relation to collection of data for sport-related death were summarised, drawing on ex les from the international published literature to illustrate this application. Seven types of resources were identified for capturing deaths in sport. Data sources varied considerably in their ability to identify: participant status, sport relatedness of the death, types of sport-related deaths they capture, level of detail provided about the circumstances and medical care received. The most detailed sources were those that were dedicated to sports surveillance. Sport relatedness and type of sport may not be reliably captured by systems not dedicated to sports injury surveillance. Only one source permitted international comparisons and was limited to one sport (soccer). Data on sport-related death are currently collected across a wide variety of data sources. This review highlights the need for robust, comprehensive approaches with standardised methodologies enabling linkage between sources and international comparisons.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1260/1747-9541.9.2.417
Abstract: Studies reporting on injuries in rugby league have shown that the injury incidence increases as the participation level increases. To provide pooled estimates for the incidence of rugby league injuries in match and training activities at all levels of performance and by gender. Searches of PubMed, CINHAL, Ovid, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect and SportDiscus® databases were performed to identify studies published in English prior to November 2012. Bibliographic searches were also carried out without language restrictions. A pooled analysis of published studies which have reported the incidences of rugby league match and/or training injuries. Two reviewers extracted the study characteristics, numerical data and assessed the quality, by adhering to the protocol for systematic review of observational studies (MOOSE). A total of 34 studies (from 1,422 identified in the initial search) were identified that reported data collection of rugby league injuries that met the inclusion criteria. The data provided information from a total of 5,785 match events totalling 87,185 match exposure hr. and 242,754 training exposure hr. The pooled analysis injury incidence for match injuries was 148 (95% CI: 145 to 150) per 1,000 match hr. The lower limb (69 95% CI: 67 to 72 per 1,000 match hr.) was the most common injury region recorded. Although contusions were the most common pooled injury type (34.0 95% CI: 32.3 to 35.8 per 1,000 match hr.) this varied by participation level. The pooled analysis injury incidence for training injuries was 12.6 per 1,000 training hr. The lower limb was again the most common injury region recorded (5.7 95% CI: 5.1 to 5.8 per 1,000 training injuries) for all training studies and strains (3.1 95% CI: 2.8 to 3.3 per 1,000 training hours) were the most common training injury type recorded. These findings are indicative of the physical demands placed on players across many levels of participation and in time further additions to this analysis are warranted to provide a more detailed picture of the sport from an injury prevention perspective.
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Stephen Marshall.