ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3814-5400
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications) | Electrical and Electronic Engineering | Biomedical Instrumentation | Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified | Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified | Mechanical engineering | Nanotechnology | Biomedical Engineering | Plant Biochemistry And Physiology | Engineering not elsewhere classified | Distributed Computing | Medical Physics | Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) | Central Nervous System | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Neurosciences | Biomedical Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Photonic and electro-optical devices sensors and systems (excl. communications) | Technology not elsewhere classified | Other Information, Computing And Communication Sciences
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Nervous System and Disorders | Neurodegenerative Disorders Related to Ageing | Nervous system and disorders | Medical instrumentation | Cancer and related disorders | Physical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences | Field crops not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Cancer and Related Disorders | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Diagnostics |
Related Links
Publications
Tissue classification using terahertz pulsed imaging
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.527477
<title>Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of skin tissue using time-domain analysis techniques</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-06-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.469785
Fast tunable terahertz absorber based on a MEMS-driven metamaterial
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2017
Terahertz pulsed imaging—A potential medical imaging modality?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.PDPDT.2009.07.002
Abstract: Terahertz imaging has progressed significantly over the last decade and there is now a significant body of research in its application to biomedical problems with the possibility of developing it into viable medical imaging modality in the future. The motivation being to fill some of the shortfalls in existing medical imaging technologies especially in detecting early stage cancers. We review the main developments in terahertz imaging to-date and highlight the most promising current areas of biomedical terahertz research. Additionally, we provide an overview of the principles behind terahertz imaging along with illustrated ex les to aid understanding for those new to the technology. Our aim is to increase awareness of the existence and potential of the technology and inspire solutions to the remaining challenges in developing terahertz imaging into a novel medical imaging modality.
An oil and water emulsion phantom for biomedical terahertz spectroscopy
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2007
Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy of Epithelial Cell-Modulated Collagen Density in Engineered Human Lung Tissue
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2001
DOI: 10.1089/107632701300062813
Abstract: Tissue remodeling is a complex process that can occur in response to a wound or injury. In lung tissue, abnormal remodeling can lead to permanent structural changes that are characteristic of important lung diseases such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and bronchial asthma. Fibroblast-mediated contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels is considered an in vitro model of tissue contraction and remodeling, and the epithelium is one factor thought to modulate this process. We studied the effects of epithelium on collagen density and contraction using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). TPLSM was used to image autofluorescence of collagen fibers in an engineered tissue model of the human respiratory mucosa -- a three-dimensional co-culture of human lung fibroblasts (CCD-18 lu), denatured type I collagen, and a monolayer of human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) or human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o(-)). Tissues were imaged at days 1, 8, and 15 at 10 depths within the tissue. Gel contraction was measured concurrently with TPLSM imaging. Image analysis shows that gels without an epithelium had the fastest rate of decay of fluorescent signal, corresponding to highest collagen density. Results of the gel contraction assay show that gels without an epithelium also had the highest degree of contraction (19.8% +/- 4.0%). We conclude that epithelial cells modulate collagen density and contraction of engineered human lung tissue, and TPLSM is an effective tool to investigate this phenomenon.
Breast cancer tissue diagnosis at terahertz frequencies
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-02-2012
DOI: 10.1117/12.905116
Terahertz pulsed imaging of knee cartilage
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 20-09-2010
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.1.000967
The study of the terahertz absorption spectrum of G-Quadruplex
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 28-08-2022
Extraction of Thickness and Water-Content Gradients in Hydrogel-Based Water-Backed Corneal Phantoms Via Submillimeter-Wave Reflectometry
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2021
Classification of reflectance spectra from pigmented skin lesions, a comparison of multivariate discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2000
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/45/10/309
Abstract: Successful treatment of skin cancer, especially melanoma, depends on early detection, but diagnostic accuracy, even by experts, can be as low as 56% so there is an urgent need for a simple, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic tool. In this paper we have compared the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) for the classification of optical reflectance spectra (320 to 1100 nm) from malignant melanoma and benign naevi. The ANN was significantly better than MDA, especially when a larger data set was used, where the classification accuracy was 86.7% for ANN and 72.0% for MDA (p < 0.001). ANN was better at learning new cases than MDA for this particular classification task. This study has confirmed that the convenience of ANNs could lead to the medical community and patients benefiting from the improved diagnostic performance which can be achieved by objective measurement of pigmented skin lesions using spectrophotometry.
Medical applications of broadband terahertz pulsed radiation
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Submillimeter-Wave Permittivity Measurements of Bound Water in Collagen Hydrogels via Frequency Domain Spectroscopy
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2021
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Biologically Relevant Liquids at Low Temperatures
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2006
Optical Temperature Change Estimate of 60 GHz MMW Radiation Mediated Heating in Nervous Tissue with Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G Fluorescent Indicators
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 14-11-2022
Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy of Human Basal Cell Carcinoma
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1366/000370206778664635
Abstract: Good contrast is seen between normal tissue and regions of tumor in terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). To date, the source of contrast at terahertz frequencies is not well understood. In this paper we present results of a spectroscopy study comparing the terahertz properties (absorption coefficient and refractive index) of excised normal human skin and BCC. Both the absorption coefficient and refractive index were higher for skin that contained BCC. The difference was statistically significant over the range 0.2 to 2.0 THz (6.6 cm −1 to 66.6 cm −1 ) for absorption coefficient and 0.25 to 0.90 THz (8.3 cm −1 to 30 cm −1 ) for refractive index. The maximum difference for absorption was at 0.5 THz (16.7 cm −1 ). These changes are consistent with higher water content. These results account for the contrast seen in terahertz images of BCC and explain why parameters relating to the reflected terahertz pulse provide information about the lateral spread of the tumor. Knowing the properties of the tissue over the terahertz frequency range will enable the use of mathematical models to improve understanding of the terahertz response of normal and diseased tissue.
Photodynamic Therapy of Human Glioma Spheroids Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid¶
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0128:PTOHGS>2.0.CO;2
Abstract: The response of human glioma spheroids to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is investigated. A two-photon fluorescence microscopy technique is used to show that human glioma cells readily convert ALA to protoporphyrin IX throughout the entire spheroid volume. The central finding of this study is that the response of human glioma spheroids to ALA-mediated PDT depends not only on the total fluence, but also on the rate at which the fluence is delivered. At low fluences ( 50 J cm-2), where a favorable response is observed throughout the range of fluence rates investigated. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Terahertz pulsed imaging in vivo: measurements and processing methods
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1117/1.3642002
Abstract: This paper presents a number of data processing algorithms developed to improve the accuracy of results derived from datasets acquired by a recently designed terahertz handheld probe. These techniques include a baseline subtraction algorithm and a number of algorithms to extract the s le impulse response: double Gaussian inverse filtering, frequency-wavelet domain deconvolution, and sparse deconvolution. In vivo measurements of human skin are used as ex les, and a comparison is made of the terahertz impulse response from a number of different skin positions. The algorithms presented enables both the spectroscopic and time domain properties of s les measured in reflection geometry to be better determined compared to previous calculation methods.
Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 13-06-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17060
Terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopy of breast tumours
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2006
Submillimeter-Wave Cornea Phantom Sensing Over an Extended Depth of Field With an Axicon-Generated Bessel Beam
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2023
Terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopy of breast tumors
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-10-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.687010
The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-01-2017
Modelling Neuronal Activity Alterations Caused by MMW-THz Mediated Melting of Lipid Membrane
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2018
Chondrocyte Repopulation of Allograft Cartilage: A Preliminary Investigation and Strategy for Developing Cartilage Matrices for Reconstruction
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2002
Abstract: To evaluate the ability of devitalized cartilage to sustain repopulation by allogenic chondrocytes and to use 2‐photon microscopy to assess cultured chondrocyte viability. At an academic medical center, we conducted experimental analysis of lagomorph nasal septa devitalized by subjecting them to either 1) chemical dehydration in ethanol, 2) lyophilization (freeze dry), or 3) repeated freeze‐thaw (12 cycles) in liquid nitrogen. The processed cartilages were seeded with chondrocytes isolated from the septa of either the same rabbit or another rabbit and cultured for 4 weeks. They were assessed with a variety of techniques. The seeded chondrocytes maintained viability on the devitalized cartilage throughout the study period. Two‐photon microscopy was effective in assessing the viability of cultured chondrocytes. Isolated lagomorph chondrocytes can be maintained in allogenic cartilage grafts devitalized using conventional physicochemical techniques. This is the first experimental study to demonstrate that cultured chondrocytes can be maintained on devitalized cartilage.
The interaction between electromagnetic fields at megahertz, gigahertz and terahertz frequencies with cells, tissues and organisms
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: Since regular radio broadcasts started in the 1920s, the exposure to human-made electromagnetic fields has steadily increased. These days we are not only exposed to radio waves but also other frequencies from a variety of sources, mainly from communication and security devices. Considering that nearly all biological systems interact with electromagnetic fields, understanding the affects is essential for safety and technological progress. This paper systematically reviews the role and effects of static and pulsed radio frequencies (10 0 –10 9 Hz), millimetre waves (MMWs) or gigahertz (10 9 –10 11 Hz), and terahertz (10 11 –10 13 Hz) on various biomolecules, cells and tissues. Electromagnetic fields have been shown to affect the activity in cell membranes (sodium versus potassium ion conductivities) and non-selective channels, transmembrane potentials and even the cell cycle. Particular attention is given to millimetre and terahertz radiation due to their increasing utilization and, hence, increasing human exposure. MMWs are known to alter active transport across cell membranes, and it has been reported that terahertz radiation may interfere with DNA and cause genomic instabilities. These and other phenomena are discussed along with the discrepancies and controversies from published studies.
An intra-operative THz probe for use during the surgical removal of breast tumors
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2008
3D Printed Fabry-Perot Filters for Terahertz Spectral Range
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2022
Using Terahertz Pulsed Imaging to Measure Enamel Demineralisation in Teeth
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2006
Collagen and Muscle Fibrous Tissue as a Contrast Mechanism in the THz region
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2018
<title>Terahertz imaging and spectroscopy of human skin in vivo</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 29-05-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.428010
Biomedical applications of terahertz technology
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-08-2006
Ultrathin tunable terahertz absorber based on MEMS-driven metamaterial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/MICRONANO.2017.33
Abstract: The realization of high-performance tunable absorbers for terahertz frequencies is crucial for advancing applications such as single-pixel imaging and spectroscopy. Based on the strong position sensitivity of metamaterials’ electromagnetic response, we combine meta-atoms that support strongly localized modes with suspended flat membranes that can be driven electrostatically. This design maximizes the tunability range for small mechanical displacements of the membranes. We employ a micro-electro-mechanical system technology and successfully fabricate the devices. Our prototype devices are among the best-performing tunable THz absorbers demonstrated to date, with an ultrathin device thickness (~1/50 of the working wavelength), absorption varying between 60% and 80% in the initial state when the membranes remain suspended, and fast switching speed (~27 μs). The absorption is tuned by an applied voltage, with the most marked results achieved when the structure reaches the snap-down state. In this case, the resonance shifts by % of the linewidth (14% of the initial resonance frequency), and the absolute absorption modulation measured at the initial resonance can reach 65%. The demonstrated approach can be further optimized and extended to benefit numerous applications in THz technology.
Modulation of the Hydration Water Around Monoclonal Antibodies on Addition of Excipients Detected by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1002/JPS.24630
Co-registered combined OCT and THz imaging to extract depth and refractive index of a tissue-equivalent test object
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 19-02-2020
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.378506
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) provide complementary information with similar length scales. In addition to OCT’s extensive use in ophthalmology, both methods have shown some promise for other medical applications and non-destructive testing. In this paper, we present an iterative algorithm that combines the information from OCT and THz imaging at two different measurement locations within an object to determine both the depth of the reflecting layers at the two locations and the unknown refractive index of the medium for both the OCT wavelengths and THz frequencies. We validate this algorithm using a silicone test object with embedded layers and show that the depths and refractive index values obtained from the algorithm agreed with the measured values to within 3.3%. We further demonstrate for the first time that OCT and THz images can be co-registered and aligned using unsupervised image registration. Hence we show that a combined OCT/THz system can provide unique information beyond the capability of the separate modalities alone, with possible applications in the medical, industrial and pharmaceutical sectors.
Use of Finite Difference Time Domain Simulations and Debye Theory for Modelling the Terahertz Reflection Response of Normal and Tumour Breast Tissue
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-07-2014
Terahertz Pulse Imaging: A Pilot Study of Potential Applications in Dentistry
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1159/000072167
Abstract: The improvement in the detection of caries offers the possibility for dramatic improvement in dental healthcare. Current caries detection rates suggest that there may be scope for improvement. This paper describes a preliminary study to examine applications of terahertz pulse imaging (TPI) to caries detection. We present results for the detection of early stage caries in the occlusal enamel layer of a range of human tooth cross sections using TPI. Higher attenuation of terahertz radiation was observed in carious enamel as compared with healthy enamel. Hypomineralised enamel had different absorption spectra and contrast compared to carious enamel in TPI images. These results have important implications for extending TPI to other medical imaging applications where both early diagnosis and safety issues are important.
Terahertz pulsed imaging of freshly excised human colonic tissues
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-06-2011
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/14/008
Abstract: We present the results from a feasibility study which measures properties in the terahertz frequency range of excised cancerous, dysplastic and healthy colonic tissues from 30 patients. We compare their absorption and refractive index spectra to identify trends which may enable different tissue types to be distinguished. In addition, we present statistical models based on variations between up to 17 parameters calculated from the reflected time and frequency domain signals of all the measured tissues. These models produce a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 77% in distinguishing between healthy and all diseased tissues and a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 71% in distinguishing between dysplastic and healthy tissues. The contrast between the tissue types was supported by histological staining studies which showed an increased vascularity in regions of increased terahertz absorption.
<title>Monitoring pigmented skin lesions</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-06-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.469443
Targeted Education ApproaCH to improve Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes (TEACH-PD): A feasibility study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-01-2020
Abstract: There is substantial variation in peritonitis rates across peritoneal dialysis (PD) units globally. This may, in part, be related to the wide variability in the content and delivery of training for PD nurse trainers and patients. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing the Targeted Education ApproaCH to improve Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes (TEACH-PD) curriculum in real clinical practice settings. This study used mixed methods including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews (pretraining and post-training) with nurse trainers and patients to test the acceptability and usability of the PD training modules implemented in two PD units over 6 months. Quantitative data from the questionnaires were analysed descriptively. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Ten PD trainers and 14 incident PD patients were included. Mean training duration to complete the modules were 10.9 h (range 6–17) and 24.9 h (range 15–35), for PD trainers and patients, respectively. None of the PD patients experienced PD-related complications at 30 days follow-up. Three (21%) patients were transferred to haemodialysis due to non-PD–related complications. Ten trainers and 14 PD patients participated in the interviews. Four themes were identified including use of adult learning principles (trainers), comprehension of online modules (trainers), time to complete the modules (trainers) and patient usability of the manuals (patient). This TEACH-PD study has demonstrated feasibility of implementation in a real clinical setting. The outcomes of this study have informed refinement of the TEACH-PD modules prior to rigorous evaluation of its efficacy and cost-effectiveness in a large-scale study.
Prediction of the terahertz absorption features with a straightforward molecular dynamics method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Simulating the response of terahertz radiation to basal cell carcinoma using ex vivo spectroscopy measurements
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1117/1.2137667
Abstract: Studies of basal cell carcinoma using terahertz pulsed imaging have revealed a significant difference between regions of tumor and healthy tissue. These differences are manifested in the reflected pulse due to what is thought to be changes in refractive index and absorption. We present measurements of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of excised normal tissue and basal cell carcinoma using terahertz (THz) transmission spectroscopy. We extract Debye parameters from these data and enter them into a finite difference time domain simulation to predict the shape of the waveforms reflected off the normal tissue and basal cell carcinoma and compare them with published in vivo data. Simulating the interaction of terahertz radiation with normal and cancerous tissue is a key step toward understanding the origin of contrast in terahertz images of skin cancer.
Inline monitoring of paper thickness in an industrial setting
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2013
Nondestructive determination of defects in firmly joint plastic compounds with portable THz system
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2013
Terahertz waveguide prism
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 07-08-2013
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.019292
Convergence of terahertz radiation and nanotechnology
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TC01716G
Abstract: The integration of terahertz frequencies and nanomaterials enables development of technologies to improve generation, detection and sensing applications.
Hydration of gelatin molecules studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-11-2018
DOI: 10.1117/12.2502287
Use of complementary medicines and lifestyle approaches by people living with dementia: Exploring experiences, motivations and attitudes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/OPN.12378
Abstract: Lack of effective treatments for chronic conditions is associated with high rates of complementary medicine (CM) use. However, little is known about CM use for dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences, motivations, and attitudes towards CM use by people living with dementia in an Australian setting. This study had a qualitative research design quantitative demographic information was also collected. In‐depth interviews were conducted with people living with dementia and their caregivers ( N = 18). A thematic (inductive) analysis approach was taken to interpret data. Three in four participants used CM for dementia, spending ~AUD$100/month (USD$70/month). Within three overarching themes, a range of sub‐themes was identified: (1) CM knowledge and use : people living with dementia and caregivers understanding of CM, types of CM used, and CM usage patterns (2) Self ‐ determined reasons for use / non ‐ use : maintain or improve quality of life, hope, management of dementia symptoms, level of awareness, willingness and evidence, perceptions on efficacy and safety of CM, experiences of conventional medicine, and holistic approach to wellness (3) External determinants of use : information on CM, relationship influences on CM use, and experiences with General Practitioners (GPs) and CM. Findings highlight that CM use is widespread and positively viewed by people living with dementia and their caregivers. Decisions regarding CM use were based on personal opinions. Findings have important implications for conversations with health professionals regarding CM use by people living with dementia to improve communication, health literacy, and reduce the risk of adverse effects through polypharmacy. This study showed that CM is a valued approach for dementia management by people living with dementia, their families, and healthcare providers. Future international research is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these approaches and promote accurate advice in nursing care.
Terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma ex vivo and in vivo
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2004
Improved sample characterization in terahertz reflection imaging and spectroscopy: erratum
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 17-11-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.024782
Application of Finite Difference Time Domain methods to Terahertz Spectroscopy Measurements of Breast Cancer
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
The Origin of 1.6 Terahertz Absorption of Ice
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 28-08-2022
Correlation between saturated fatty acid chain-length and intermolecular forces determined with terahertz spectroscopy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00141G
Abstract: Chain-length dependent intermolecular interactions of saturated fatty acids are directly probed with THz-TDS and confirmed by ab initio calculations.
Comparison of biomaterials used in contact lenses based on water content analysis with terahertz spectroscopy
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 28-08-2022
Differences and Similarities between Millimetre Wave and Thermal Heating Effect on Action Potential Triggering in Leech Interneuron
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2019
Potential uses of terahertz pulse imaging in dentistry: caries and erosion detection
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-06-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.469310
Spectrophotometric assessment of pigmented skin lesions: methods and feature selection for evaluation of diagnostic performance
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 18-02-2000
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/45/3/312
Abstract: This study documents the optical reflectance characteristics of pigmented skin lesions and evaluates their potential for improving the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma from benign pigmented skin lesions. Optical reflectance spectra in the wavelength range 320-1100 nm were obtained from 121 lesions already selected by expert dermatologists as suspicious of malignancy. Characteristic differences in spectra from benign and malignant lesions were studied. Feature extraction showed significant differences between lesion groups classified by histology. Seven of the most relevant features were used in the discriminant analysis of reflectance spectra from 15 melanoma and 32 compound naevi which resulted in a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84.4% when compared with histology. This simple objective technique appears to perform as well as the expert dermatologist and may improve the diagnostic accuracy of non-specialists such as trainees and GPs. Further prospective clinical study of reflectance spectrophotometry in a larger patient group is now required.
Alterations in neuronal action potential shape and spiking rate caused by pulsed 60 GHz millimeter wave radiation
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Utilisation of MMW Radiation to Facilitate Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines via TRPV1 Receptor Sensitization
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2019
Influence of optical properties on two-photon fluorescence imaging in turbid samples
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1364/AO.39.001194
Abstract: A numerical model was developed to simulate the effects of tissue optical properties, objective numerical aperture (N.A.), and instrument performance on two-photon-excited fluorescence imaging of turbid s les. Model data are compared with measurements of fluorescent microspheres in a tissuelike scattering phantom. Our results show that the measured two-photon-excited signal decays exponentially with increasing focal depth. The overall decay constant is a function of absorption and scattering parameters at both excitation and emission wavelengths. The generation of two-photon fluorescence is shown to be independent of the scattering anisotropy, g, except for g > 0.95. The N.A. for which the maximum signal is collected varies with depth, although this effect is not seen until the focal plane is greater than two scattering mean free paths into the s le. Overall, measurements and model results indicate that resolution in two-photon microscopy is dependent solely on the ability to deliver sufficient ballistic photon density to the focal volume. As a result we show that lateral resolution in two-photon microscopy is largely unaffected by tissue optical properties in the range typically encountered in soft tissues, although the maximum imaging depth is strongly dependent on absorption and scattering coefficients, scattering anisotropy, and objective N.A..
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Human Blood
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2013
A Comparison of Terahertz Pulsed Imaging with Transmission Microradiography for Depth Measurement of Enamel Demineralisation in vitro
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 13-12-2006
DOI: 10.1159/000096105
Abstract: Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) is a relatively new, non-ionising and non-destructive imaging technique for studying hard tissues which does not require tooth section preparation, unlike transmission microradiography (TMR). If TPI can measure the depths of caries/demineralisation lesions accurately the same tooth s les could be reused and remeasured during in vitro and in situ studies on de- and/or remineralisation. The aim of this study was to compare TPI and TMR for measuring the depths of a range of artificially induced bovine enamel demineralised lesions in vitro. Bovine slabs with artificial caries, induced to different levels of demineralisation by two different but standard demineralisation techniques (‘acid gel’ and ‘carbopol’) were measured by TPI and TMR and the readings compared. The set of TPI/TMR measurements obtained on the gel-demineralised slabs showed an extremely high coefficient of determination (r sup /sup = 0.995). Detailed analysis of the results and theoretical considerations (involving the relationship between refractive index profiling and mineral loss profile) are used to explain the findings and show that for acid gel lesions TPI is measuring demineralisation in the range of 47% of that of TMR depth plus an intercept of 16 µm, with further calculations allowing the TMR depths to be determined to within 5% using TPI.
Terahertz Dynamic Imaging of Skin Drug Absorption
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 13-06-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17060-19
Combined THz and OCT characterization of biologically relevant tissue phantoms
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-11-2020
Millimeter waves alter DNA secondary structures and modulate the transcriptome in human fibroblasts
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 28-04-2022
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.458478
Abstract: As millimetre wave (MMW) frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum are increasingly adopted in modern technologies such as mobile communications and networking, characterising the biological effects is critical in determining safe exposure levels. We study the exposure of primary human dermal fibroblasts to MMWs, finding MMWs trigger genomic and transcriptomic alterations. In particular, repeated 60 GHz, 2.6 mW cm −2 , 46.8 J cm −2 d −1 MMW doses induce a unique physiological response after 2 and 4 days exposure. We show that high dose MMWs induce simultaneous non-thermal alterations to the transcriptome and DNA structural dynamics, including formation of G-quadruplex and i-motif secondary structures, but not DNA damage.
Effect of Millimeter Waves on Genome Architecture and the Transcriptome of Primary Human Fibroblasts
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-11-2020
650 GHz Imaging as Alignment Verification for Millimeter Wave Corneal Reflectometry
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2022
Dementia prevention: the time to act is now
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 14-03-2021
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.50972
Relating Nanoparticle Geometry and Terahertz Reflectivity
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2019
Classification of terahertz-pulsed imaging data from excised breast tissue
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 06-02-2012
Concentration analysis of breast tissue phantoms with terahertz spectroscopy
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-02-2018
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.9.001334
Terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopy for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B309357N
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) radiation lies between the infrared and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Advances in THz technology have opened up many opportunities in this scientifically and technologically important spectroscopic region. The THz frequency range excites large litude vibrational modes of molecules as well as probing the weak interactions between them. Here we describe two techniques that utilize THz radiation, terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) and terahertz pulsed spectroscopy (TPS). Both have a variety of possible applications in biomedical imaging and pharmaceutical science. TPI, a non-invasive imaging technique, has been used to image epithelial cancer ex vivo and recently in vivo. The diseased tissue showed a change in absorption compared to normal tissue, which was confirmed by histology. To understand the origins of the differences seen between diseased and normal tissue we have developed a TPS system. TPS has also been used to study solids of interest in the pharmaceutical industry. One particularly interesting ex le is ranitidine hydrochloride, which is used in treatment of stomach ulcers. Crystalline ranitidine has two polymorphic forms known as form 1 and form 2. These polymorphs have the same chemical formula but different crystalline structure that give rise to different physiochemical properties of the material. Using TPS it is possible to rapidly distinguish between the two polymorphic forms.
Two-Photon Excitation Laser Scanning Microscopy of Human, Porcine, and Rabbit Nasal Septal Cartilage
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-2001
DOI: 10.1089/107632701753213219
Abstract: Two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy (TPM) was used to image human, porcine, and rabbit nasal septal cartilage. TPM provides optical sections of thick tissue specimens in situ without the use of exogenous dyes or need for tissue fixation. The cartilage tissue was imaged using near-infrared light generated by a mode-locked titanium/sapphire laser that was raster-scanned and coupled to an inverted microscope. Absorption of two photons by endogenous molecules and subsequent fluorescence was filtered to specific spectral bandwidths and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Two-photon stimulated fluorescence was detected with photomultiplier tubes optimized to specific spectral bandwidths. Signal intensity corresponds to the concentration of fluorophores, principally NADH, NADPH, and flavoproteins hence providing a means of redox imaging the cellular metabolic state. Specimens were scanned from the surface to a depth of about 150 microm. Image size was 50 x 50 microm with a diffraction limited pixel size of 0.4 microm. Cell membranes, nuclei, and matrix structures were identified in human, pig, and rabbit tissues. TPM provides a means to study three dimensional chondrocyte structure and matrix organization in situ at substantial depths, and permits longitudinal examination of cultured tissue explants without the need for exogenous dyes, tissue preparation, or fixation.
In vivo terahertz reflection imaging of human scars during and after the healing process
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-11-2016
Abstract: We use terahertz imaging to measure four human skin scars in vivo. Clear contrast between the refractive index of the scar and surrounding tissue was observed for all of the scars, despite some being difficult to see with the naked eye. Additionally, we monitored the healing process of a hypertrophic scar. We found that the contrast in the absorption coefficient became less prominent after a few months post-injury, but that the contrast in the refractive index was still significant even months post-injury. Our results demonstrate the capability of terahertz imaging to quantitatively measure subtle changes in skin properties and this may be useful for improving scar treatment and management.
Application of terahertz imaging to osteoarthritis
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2008
Terahertz-pulsed imaging of cancers
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 27-06-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.500121
Improved sample characterization in terahertz reflection imaging and spectroscopy
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 26-02-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.003848
Abstract: For imaging applications involving biological subjects, the strong attenuation of terahertz radiation by water means that terahertz pulsed imaging is most likely to be successfully implemented in a reflection geometry. Many terahertz reflection geometry systems have a window onto which the s le is placed - this window may introduce unwanted reflections which interfere with the reflection of interest from the s le. In this paper we derive a new approach to account for the effects of these reflections and illustrate its success with improved calculations of s le optical properties.
Terahertz Pulsed Imaging of skin cancer in the time and frequency domain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Two-photon imaging of collagen remodeling in RAFT tissue cultures
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 24-04-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.424545
Gene inactivation by multiphoton-targeted photochemistry
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 15-08-2000
Abstract: Multiphoton-targeted photochemistry was used to selectively inactivate the expression of genes in vertebrate cells. A membrane permeable DNA-associating vital dye, ethidium bromide monoacetate (visible wavelength single photon absorption peak at 530 nm) was used to photosensitize chromosomes in iding cells. A 100-ps infrared laser beam operating at 1.06 microns was focused onto a selected region of a mitotic chromosome corresponding to the sites of the nucleolar (ribosomal) genes. In idual cells followed through mitosis demonstrated a reduction in the number of nucleoli formed in daughter cells that corresponded to the number of nucleolar genes sites irradiated. These results demonstrate the ability to selectively manipulate genes by using the focal point specificity characteristic of multiphoton microscopy. This technique should have wide biotechnology applications both in vitro and in vivo .
The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-04-2023
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) radiation encompasses a wide spectral range within the electromagnetic spectrum that extends from microwaves to the far infrared (100 GHz–∼30 THz). Within its frequency boundaries exist a broad variety of scientific disciplines that have presented, and continue to present, technical challenges to researchers. During the past 50 years, for instance, the demands of the scientific community have substantially evolved and with a need for advanced instrumentation to support radio astronomy, Earth observation, weather forecasting, security imaging, telecommunications, non-destructive device testing and much more. Furthermore, applications have required an emergence of technology from the laboratory environment to production-scale supply and in-the-field deployments ranging from harsh ground-based locations to deep space. In addressing these requirements, the research and development community has advanced related technology and bridged the transition between electronics and photonics that high frequency operation demands. The multidisciplinary nature of THz work was our stimulus for creating the 2017 THz Science and Technology Roadmap (Dhillon et al 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 043001). As one might envisage, though, there remains much to explore both scientifically and technically and the field has continued to develop and expand rapidly. It is timely, therefore, to revise our previous roadmap and in this 2023 version we both provide an update on key developments in established technical areas that have important scientific and public benefit, and highlight new and emerging areas that show particular promise. The developments that we describe thus span from fundamental scientific research, such as THz astronomy and the emergent area of THz quantum optics, to highly applied and commercially and societally impactful subjects that include 6G THz communications, medical imaging, and climate monitoring and prediction. Our Roadmap vision draws upon the expertise and perspective of multiple international specialists that together provide an overview of past developments and the likely challenges facing the field of THz science and technology in future decades. The document is written in a form that is accessible to policy makers who wish to gain an overview of the current state of the THz art, and for the non-specialist and curious who wish to understand available technology and challenges. A such, our experts deliver a ‘snapshot’ introduction to the current status of the field and provide suggestions for exciting future technical development directions. Ultimately, we intend the Roadmap to portray the advantages and benefits of the THz domain and to stimulate further exploration of the field in support of scientific research and commercial realisation.
Non-Contact, Non-Destructive Testing in Various Industrial Sectors with Terahertz Technology
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/S20030712
Abstract: In this article, we survey various non-contact, non-destructive testing methods by way of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging designed for use in various industrial sectors. A brief overview of the working principles of THz spectroscopy and imaging is provided, followed by a survey of selected applications from three industries—the building and construction industry, the energy and power industry, and the manufacturing industry. Material characterization, thickness measurement, and defect/corrosion assessment are demonstrated through the ex les presented. The article concludes with a discussion of novel spectroscopy and imaging devices and techniques that are expected to accelerate industry adoption of THz systems.
Reproducibility of Terahertz Peaks in a Frozen Aqueous Solution of 5-Methylcytidine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2021
Terahertz Radiation Stimulates Neurite Growth in PC12 Derived Neurons during Development Phase: Preliminary Study
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-11-2020
Development of a hand-held TPI system for medical applications
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-10-2002
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/325
Abstract: We demonstrate the application of terahertz pulse imaging (TPI) in reflection geometry for the study of skin tissue and related cancers both in vitro and in vivo. The sensitivity of terahertz radiation to polar molecules, such as water, makes TPI suitable for studying the hydration levels in the skin and the determination of the lateral spread of skin cancer pre-operatively. By studying the terahertz pulse shape in the time domain we have been able to differentiate between diseased and normal tissue for the study of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Basal cell carcinoma has shown a positive terahertz contrast, and inflammation and scar tissue a negative terahertz contrast compared to normal tissue. In vivo measurements on the stratum corneum have enabled visualization of the stratum corneum-epidermis interface and the study of skin hydration levels. These results demonstrate the potential of terahertz pulse imaging for the study of skin tissue and its related disorders, both in vitro and in vivo.
Simulation of terahertz pulse propagation in biological systems
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 22-03-2004
DOI: 10.1063/1.1688448
Ex Vivo Effect of 60 GHz MMW radiation on Leech Neuron Intracellular Calcium Alteration
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 21-09-2020
Millimeter Waves Alter the Genomic Architecture and Transcriptome of Primary Human Fibroblasts
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 28-08-2022
Optical properties extraction of breast tissue using an intraoperative terahertz probe
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Enhanced skin permeation and hydration by magnetic field array: preliminary in-vitro and in-vivo assessment
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2010
Abstract: The aim of the study was determine the effect of magnetic film array technology on the skin permeation of urea. A 5% urea gel was applied to human epidermal membrane in vitro and human skin in vivo. Application of gel with magnetic film array and plastic occlusive film was compared with application of gel with a plastic occlusive film and non-magnetic film. In-vitro epidermal penetration was determined using a Franz-type diffusion system. In-vivo permeation and changes in epidermal properties were visualised by optical coherence tomography. The mean cumulative permeation of urea over 2 h for magnetic film array application was 89.54 +/- 7.34 microg/cm(2) as compared with 20.83 +/- 2.02 microg/cm(2) for passive occluded application (mean +/- SEM, n = 9/8), representing greater than 4-fold increase over the 2-h application time period. Administration of urea with the magnetic film array resulted in the lag time being reduced from 40.58 +/- 3.98 to 21.13 +/- 6.27 min (P < 0.02), while steady state flux increased from 0.24 +/- 0.03 to 0.75 +/- 0.06 microg/cm(2) per min (P < 0.0001). Under active occlusion, the relative change in epidermal thickness as determined by optical coherence tomography increased by 16 and 11% at 30 and 60 min, respectively. Administration with a novel magnetic film array technology provided enhanced skin penetration of urea and increased epidermal hydration when compared with administration under an occlusive film only.
Dementia risk reduction in practice: the knowledge, opinions and perspectives of Australian healthcare providers
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 11-02-2021
DOI: 10.1071/PY20189
Abstract: This study examined Australian primary healthcare providers’ knowledge about dementia risk factors and risk reduction and their perspectives on barriers and enablers to risk reduction in practice. Primary healthcare providers were recruited through Primary Health Networks across Australia (n = 51). Participants completed an online survey that consisted of fixed-responses and free-text components to assess their knowledge, attitudes and current practices relating to dementia risk factors and risk reduction techniques. The results showed that Australian primary healthcare providers have good knowledge about the modifiable risk factors for dementia however, face several barriers to working with patients to reduce dementia risk. Commonly reported barriers included low patient motivation and healthcare system level limitations. The most commonly reported recommendations to helping primary healthcare providers to work with patients to reduce dementia risk included increasing resources and improving dementia awareness and messaging. While the results need to be interpreted in the context of the limitations of this study, we conclude that collaborative efforts between researchers, clinicians, policy makers and the media are needed to support the uptake of risk reduction activities in primary care settings.
Using terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) to identify colonic pathology.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2008
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Human Blood
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2013
Ultrathin tunable terahertz absorbers based on electrostatically actuated metamaterial
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-10-2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2534282
Use of Terahertz Waves To Monitor Moisture Content in High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipelines
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-09-2019
Cell Culture Confluency as a Potential Factor in Biological Effects of Millimetre Wave Radiation in in Vitro Experiments
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-11-2020
Terahertz Pulsed Imaging of Human Breast Tumors
Publisher: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1148/RADIOL.2392041315
Abstract: The feasibility of using terahertz pulsed imaging to map margins of exposed breast tumors was investigated by imaging 22 excised human breast tissue specimens with carcinoma excised from 22 women (mean age, 59 years range, 39-80 years). The study was approved by the local ethics research committee, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. The size and shape of tumor regions on terahertz images were compared with those identified at histopathologic examination of the imaged section. Two image parameters were investigated: the minimum of the terahertz impulse function and the ratio of the minimum to the maximum of the terahertz impulse function. The correlation coefficient for the tumor area on images compared with that on a photomicrograph of all 22 s les was greater than 0.82 for both parameters. The shape of the tumor regions on terahertz images also correlated well with that on a photomicrograph (median Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.69). Findings of this study demonstrate the potential of terahertz pulsed imaging to depict both invasive breast carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ under controlled conditions and encourage further studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique.
Accuracy and resolution of THz reflection spectroscopy for medical imaging
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-08-2010
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/16/013
Abstract: The use of THz radiation as a potential tool for medical imaging is of increasing interest. In this paper three methods of analysis of THz spectroscopic information for diagnosis of tissue pathologies at THz frequencies are presented. The frequency-dependent absorption coefficients, refractive indices and Debye relaxation times of pure water and pure lipids were measured and used as prior knowledge in the different theoretical methods for the determination of concentration. Three concentration analysis methods were investigated: (a) linear spectral decomposition, (b) spectrally averaged dielectric coefficient method and (c) the Debye relaxation coefficient method. These methods were validated on water and lipid emulsions by determining the concentrations of phantom chromophores and comparing to the known composition. The accuracy and resolution of each method were determined to assess the potential of each method as a tool for medical diagnosis at THz frequencies.
Understanding terahertz data for medical applications
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2012
High correlation of double Debye model parameters in skin cancer detection
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2014
Special Issue on “In-and-off Body-Centric Nano-scale Wireless Communication and Networks”
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
<title>Layered Monte Carlo model for the description of diffuse reflectance spectra from pigmented skin lesions</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 15-07-1999
DOI: 10.1117/12.356803
Millimeter wave radiation activates leech nociceptors via TRPV1-like receptor sensitization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Breast Cancer Classification Using Extracted Parameters from a Terahertz Dielectric Model of Human Breast Tissue
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2015
Three-dimensional terahertz pulse imaging of dental tissue
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-04-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.461366
An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2018
Terahertz Pulse Imaging of ex vivo Basal Cell Carcinoma
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1046/J.1523-1747.2003.12013.X
Abstract: Terahertz pulse imaging has been used for the first time to study basal cell carcinoma ex vivo, the most common form of skin cancer. This noninvasive technique uses part of the electromagnetic spectrum in the frequency range 0.1-2.7 THz. A total of 21 s les were imaged the study was performed blind and results were compared to histology. Each image consisted of possible diseased tissue and normal tissue from the same patient. The diseased tissue showed an increase in absorption compared to normal tissue, which is attributed to either an increase in the interstitial water within the diseased tissue or a change in the vibrational modes of water molecules with other functional groups. Seventeen of the images showed a significant difference between the normal and the diseased tissue. These were confirmed by histology to be basal cell carcinomas. Of the remaining four cases, three showed no contrast and were confirmed as blind controls of normal tissue the fourth case was a suspected basal cell carcinoma but showed no contrast, and histology showed no tumor. Cross-sections of the terahertz images, showing the terahertz absorption, were compared to histology. Regions of increased terahertz absorption agreed well with the location of the tumor sites. Resolutions at 1 THz of 350 microm laterally and 40 microm axially in skin were attainable with our system. These results demonstrate the ability of terahertz pulse imaging to distinguish basal cell carcinoma from normal tissue, and this macroscopic technique may, in the future, help plan surgery.
Optimizing multi-dimensional terahertz imaging analysis for colon cancer diagnosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Terahertz characterization of an asphaltene sample and its polarity-based sub-fractions
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
A dielectric model of human breast tissue in terahertz regime
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2015
The application of effective medium theory in tissue phantoms
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2017
In vivostudy of human skin using pulsed terahertz radiation
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-2004
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/49/9/001
Abstract: Studies in terahertz (THz) imaging have revealed a significant difference between skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma) and healthy tissue. Since water has strong absorptions at THz frequencies and tumours tend to have different water content from normal tissue, a likely contrast mechanism is variation in water content. Thus, we have previously devised a finite difference time-domain (FDTD) model which is able to closely simulate the interaction of THz radiation with water. In this work we investigate the interaction of THz radiation with normal human skin on the forearm and palm of the hand in vivo. We conduct the first ever systematic in vivo study of the response of THz radiation to normal skin. We take in vivo reflection measurements of normal skin on the forearm and palm of the hand of 20 volunteers. We compare in idual ex les of THz responses with the mean response for the areas of skin under investigation. Using the in vivo data, we demonstrate that the FDTD model can be applied to biological tissue. In particular, we successfully simulate the interaction of THz radiation with the volar forearm. Understanding the interaction of THz radiation with normal skin will form a step towards developing improved imaging algorithms for diagnostic detection of skin cancer and other tissue disorders using THz radiation.
Characterizing rat tissue samples using Terahertz Pulsed Imaging
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2008
Use of a handheld terahertz pulsed imaging device to differentiate benign and malignant breast tissue
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-05-2017
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.8.002932
Preliminary study of different scar types with terahertz imaging
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
The Potential of the Double Debye Parameters to Discriminate between Basal Cell Carcinoma and Normal Skin
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2015
Three-dimensional terahertz pulse imaging of dental tissue
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1117/1.1559059
Abstract: There are unresolved clinical problems that require the provision of accurate 3-D images of tissue structures such as teeth. In particular, measurements of dental enamel thickness are necessary to quantify problems associated with enamel erosion, yet currently there is no nondestructive method to obtain this information. We present a method that relies on the use of pulsed terahertz radiation to gain 3-D information from dental tissues. We discuss results from 14 s les and demonstrate that we can reliably and accurately quantify enamel thickness. We show that in a series of 22 surfaces, we can image pertinent subsurface features 91% of the time. Ex le images are shown where structures in teeth at depth are rendered accurate to within 10 microm. We discuss issues that arise using this imaging method and propose ways in which it could be used in clinical practice.
Deciphering Cell-to-Cell Communication in Acquisition of Cancer Traits: Extracellular Membrane Vesicles Are Regulators of Tissue Biomechanics
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Deciphering the role of cell-to-cell communication in acquisition of cancer traits such as metastasis is one of the key challenges of integrative biology and clinical oncology. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important vectors in cell-to-cell communication and serve as conduits in the transfer of cellular constituents required for cell function and for the establishment of cellular phenotypes. In the case of malignancy, they have been shown to support the acquisition of common traits defined as constituting the hallmarks of cancer. Cellular biophysics has contributed to our understanding of some of these central traits with changes in tissue biomechanics reflective of cell state. Indeed, much is known about stiffness of the tissue scaffold in the context of cell invasion and migration. This article advances this knowledge frontier by showing for the first time that EVs are mediators of tissue biomechanical properties and, importantly, demonstrates a link between the acquisition of cancer multidrug resistance and increased tissue stiffness of the malignant mass. The methodology used in the study employed optical coherence elastography and atomic force microscopy on breast cancer cell monolayers and tumor spheroids. Specifically, we show here that the acquired changes in tissue stiffness can be attributed to the intracellular transfer of a protein complex comprising ezrin, radixin, moesin, CD44, and P-glycoprotein. This has important implications in facilitating mechano-transduced signaling cascades that regulate the acquisition of cancer traits, such as invasion and metastasis. Finally, this study also introduces novel targets and strategies for diagnostic and therapeutic innovation in oncology, with a view to prevention of metastatic spread and personalized medicine in cancer treatment.
Terahertz pulsed imaging of liver cirrhosis
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2009
Terahertz pulsed imaging with 1.06 μm laser excitation
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-11-2003
DOI: 10.1063/1.1627485
Abstract: We report the operation of a pulsed terahertz (THz) imaging system that uses a 120 fs pulse-width laser operating at 1.06 μm, and photoconductive InGaAs emitters and detectors. THz images are presented of biological and nonbiological specimens. The signal-to-noise ratio and frequency range of this system are compared to those obtained from existing pulsed imaging systems based on 0.8 μm excitation.
The future of medical imaging
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2010
Terahertz imaging detects cancerous tissue
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2008
Terahertz biophotonics as a tool for studies of dielectric and spectral properties of biological tissues and liquids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Three-dimensional imaging of optically opaque materials using nonionizing terahertz radiation
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 26-11-2008
Abstract: Terahertz electromagnetic radiation has already been shown to have a wide number of uses. We consider specific applications of terahertz time-domain imaging that are inherently three-dimensional. This paper highlights the ability of terahertz radiation to reveal subsurface information as we exploit the fact that the radiation can penetrate optically opaque materials such as clothing, cardboard, plastics, and to some extent biological tissue. Using interactive science publishing tools, we concentrate on full three-dimensional terahertz data from three specific areas of application, namely, security, pharmaceutical, and biomedical.
Evaluation of a biologically relevant level of MMW radiation absorption in neuronal tissue
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2017
Design of a ring-focus dual reflector objective for standoff sensing of spherical targets in the 220 – 330 GHz band
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 28-08-2022
Characterization of bound and free water in gelatin hydrogels and their contribution to THz frequency permittivity
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 28-08-2022
Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy of freshly excised human breast cancer
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 20-07-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.012444
Abstract: The complex refractive indices of freshly excised healthy breast tissue and breast cancers collected from 20 patients were measured in the range of 0.15 - 2.0 THz using a portable terahertz pulsed transmission spectrometer. Histology was performed to classify the tissue s les as healthy adipose tissue, healthy fibrous breast tissue, or breast cancers. The average complex refractive index was determined for each group and it was found that s les containing cancer had a higher refractive index and absorption coefficient. The terahertz properties of the tissues were also used to simulate the impulse response functions expected when imaging breast tissue in a reflection geometry as in terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI). Our results indicate that both TPS and TPI can be used to distinguish between healthy adipose breast tissue, healthy fibrous breast tissue and breast cancer due to the differences in the fundamental optical properties.
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