ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0701-1274
Current Organisations
National Research Centre for the Working Environment
,
University of Leeds
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Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 07-11-2011
Abstract: Collective motion, where large numbers of in iduals move synchronously together, is achieved when in iduals adopt interaction rules that determine how they respond to their neighbors’ movements and positions. These rules determine how group-living animals move, make decisions, and transmit information between in iduals. Nonetheless, few studies have explicitly determined these interaction rules in moving groups, and very little is known about the interaction rules of fish. Here, we identify three key rules for the social interactions of mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ): ( i ) Attraction forces are important in maintaining group cohesion, while we find only weak evidence that fish align with their neighbor’s orientation ( ii ) repulsion is mediated principally by changes in speed ( iii ) although the positions and directions of all shoal members are highly correlated, in iduals only respond to their single nearest neighbor. The last two of these rules are different from the classical models of collective animal motion, raising new questions about how fish and other animals self-organize on the move.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 06-2016
Abstract: Several recent studies hint at shared patterns in decision-making between taxonomically distant organisms, yet few studies demonstrate and dissect mechanisms of decision-making in simpler organisms. We examine decision-making in the unicellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum using a classical decision problem adapted from human and animal decision-making studies: the two-armed bandit problem. This problem has previously only been used to study organisms with brains, yet here we demonstrate that a brainless unicellular organism compares the relative qualities of multiple options, integrates over repeated s lings to perform well in random environments, and combines information on reward frequency and magnitude in order to make correct and adaptive decisions. We extend our inquiry by using Bayesian model selection to determine the most likely algorithm used by the cell when making decisions. We deduce that this algorithm centres around a tendency to exploit environments in proportion to their reward experienced through past s ling. The algorithm is intermediate in computational complexity between simple, reactionary heuristics and calculation-intensive optimal performance algorithms, yet it has very good relative performance. Our study provides insight into ancestral mechanisms of decision-making and suggests that fundamental principles of decision-making, information processing and even cognition are shared among erse biological systems.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-10-2018
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3275635
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-07-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2101696
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate work ability, activity limitations and physical activity in adults that had gone through major bone sarcoma resection and reconstruction surgery in hip and knee. Twenty patients, of 72 enrolled, and 20 controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Work Ability Index scores (general [0-10 points], physical and mental [1-5 points]), the Patient Specific Functional Scale (0-10 points), step counts and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were assessed. Adjusted and unadjusted general linear models were applied. The patients had a mean age of 43 (range, 20-71) years and were assessed 7 years (range, 2-12) after surgery (proximal femoral Despite similar levels of physical activity, patients showed poorer work ability and severe activity limitation. Post-operative rehabilitation in patients of the working-age population should include assessments of work ability and activities important to the in idual.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAdults that have gone through resection and reconstruction surgery following bone sarcoma in lower extremity show clinically relevant reductions in work ability and self-selected activitiesTo tailor post-operative rehabilitation at short and long term, initial assessment and monitoring should include work ability and activities important to the in idual patient.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 23-07-2010
Abstract: Pigeons home along idiosyncratic habitual routes from familiar locations. It has been suggested that memorized visual landmarks underpin this route learning. However, the inability to experimentally alter the landscape on large scales has hindered the discovery of the particular features to which birds attend. Here, we present a method for objectively classifying the most informative regions of animal paths. We apply this method to flight trajectories from homing pigeons to identify probable locations of salient visual landmarks. We construct and apply a Gaussian process model of flight trajectory generation for pigeons trained to home from specific release sites. The model shows increasing predictive power as the birds become familiar with the sites, mirroring the animal's learning process. We subsequently find that the most informative elements of the flight trajectories coincide with landscape features that have previously been suggested as important components of the homing task.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 06-01-2014
Abstract: Animals make use a range of social information to inform their movement decisions. One common movement rule, found across many different species, is that the probability that an in idual moves to an area increases with the number of conspecifics there. However, in many cases, it remains unclear what social cues produce this and other similar movement rules. Here, we investigate what cues are used by damselfish ( Dascyllus aruanus ) when repeatedly crossing back and forth between two coral patches in an experimental arena. We find that an in idual's decision to move is best predicted by the recent movements of conspecifics either to or from that in idual's current habitat. Rather than actively seeking attachment to a larger group, in iduals are instead prioritizing highly local and dynamic information with very limited spatial and temporal ranges. By reanalysing data in which the same species crossed for the first time to a new coral patch, we show that the in iduals use static cues in this case. This suggests that these fish alter their information usage according to the structure and familiarity of their environment by using stable information when moving to a novel area and localized dynamic information when moving between familiar areas.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Location: Denmark
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Richard Mann.