ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8952-7025
Current Organisations
Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia
,
Yale University School of the Environment
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Publications
Natural and drought scenarios in an east central Amazon forest: Fidelity of the Community Land Model 3.5 with three biogeochemical models
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-03-2011
DOI: 10.1029/2010JG001477
Reimagine fire science for the anthropocene
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1093/PNASNEXUS/PGAC115
Abstract: Fire is an integral component of ecosystems globally and a tool that humans have harnessed for millennia. Altered fire regimes are a fundamental cause and consequence of global change, impacting people and the biophysical systems on which they depend. As part of the newly emerging Anthropocene, marked by human-caused climate change and radical changes to ecosystems, fire danger is increasing, and fires are having increasingly devastating impacts on human health, infrastructure, and ecosystem services. Increasing fire danger is a vexing problem that requires deep transdisciplinary, trans-sector, and inclusive partnerships to address. Here, we outline barriers and opportunities in the next generation of fire science and provide guidance for investment in future research. We synthesize insights needed to better address the long-standing challenges of innovation across disciplines to (i) promote coordinated research efforts (ii) embrace different ways of knowing and knowledge generation (iii) promote exploration of fundamental science (iv) capitalize on the “firehose” of data for societal benefit and (v) integrate human and natural systems into models across multiple scales. Fire science is thus at a critical transitional moment. We need to shift from observation and modeled representations of varying components of climate, people, vegetation, and fire to more integrative and predictive approaches that support pathways toward mitigating and adapting to our increasingly flammable world, including the utilization of fire for human safety and benefit. Only through overcoming institutional silos and accessing knowledge across erse communities can we effectively undertake research that improves outcomes in our more fiery future.
Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2018
Ten new insights in climate science 2021: a horizon scan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1017/SUS.2021.25
Abstract: We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding about the remaining options to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, through overcoming political barriers to carbon pricing, taking into account non-CO 2 factors, a well-designed implementation of demand-side and nature-based solutions, resilience building of ecosystems and the recognition that climate change mitigation costs can be justified by benefits to the health of humans and nature alone. We consider new insights about what to expect if we fail to include a new dimension of fire extremes and the prospect of cascading climate tipping elements. A synthesis is made of 10 topics within climate research, where there have been significant advances since January 2020. The insights are based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) the options to still keep global warming below 1.5 °C (2) the impact of non-CO 2 factors in global warming (3) a new dimension of fire extremes forced by climate change (4) the increasing pressure on interconnected climate tipping elements (5) the dimensions of climate justice (6) political challenges impeding the effectiveness of carbon pricing (7) demand-side solutions as vehicles of climate mitigation (8) the potentials and caveats of nature-based solutions (9) how building resilience of marine ecosystems is possible and (10) that the costs of climate change mitigation policies can be more than justified by the benefits to the health of humans and nature. How do we limit global warming to 1.5 °C and why is it crucial? See highlights of latest climate science.
Terrestrial and Inland Water Systems
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 2015
Leaf development and demography explain photosynthetic seasonality in Amazon evergreen forests
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 26-02-2016
Abstract: Models assume that lower precipitation in tropical forests means less plant-available water and less photosynthesis. Direct measurements in the Amazon, however, show that production remains constant or increases in the dry season. To investigate this mismatch, Wu et al. use tower-based cameras to detect the phenology (i.e., the seasonal patterns) of leaf dynamics in tropical tree crowns in Amazonia, Brazil, and relate this to patterns of CO 2 flux. Accounting for age-dependent variation among in idual leaves and crowns is necessary for understanding the seasonal dynamics of photosynthesis in the entire ecosystem. Leaf phenology regulates seasonality of the carbon flux in tropical forests across a gradient of climate zones. Science , this issue p. 972
Climate and leaf phenology controls on tropical forest photosynthesis
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2016
Prolonged tropical forest degradation due to compounding disturbances: Implications for CO2 and H2O fluxes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.14659
Abstract: Drought, fire, and windstorms can interact to degrade tropical forests and the ecosystem services they provide, but how these forests recover after catastrophic disturbance events remains relatively unknown. Here, we analyze multi‐year measurements of vegetation dynamics and function (fluxes of CO 2 and H 2 O) in forests recovering from 7 years of controlled burns, followed by wind disturbance. Located in southeast Amazonia, the experimental forest consists of three 50‐ha plots burned annually, triennially, or not at all from 2004 to 2010. During the subsequent 6‐year recovery period, postfire tree survivorship and biomass sharply declined, with aboveground C stocks decreasing by 70%–94% along forest edges (0–200 m into the forest) and 36%–40% in the forest interior. Vegetation regrowth in the forest understory triggered partial canopy closure (70%–80%) from 2010 to 2015. The composition and spatial distribution of grasses invading degraded forest evolved rapidly, likely because of the delayed mortality. Four years after the experimental fires ended (2014), the burned plots assimilated 36% less carbon than the Control, but net CO 2 exchange and evapotranspiration (ET) had fully recovered 7 years after the experimental fires ended (2017). Carbon uptake recovery occurred largely in response to increased light‐use efficiency and reduced postfire respiration, whereas increased water use associated with postfire growth of new recruits and remaining trees explained the recovery in ET. Although the effects of interacting disturbances (e.g., fires, forest fragmentation, and blowdown events) on mortality and biomass persist over many years, the rapid recovery of carbon and water fluxes can help stabilize local climate.
Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2020
ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 08-10-2018
Abstract: Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high–temporal resolution dataset (for 1–13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPP stem ) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr −1 , with an interannual range 1.96–2.26 Pg C yr −1 between 1996–2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño–associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation ( r = −0.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
Related Organisations
Universidade De São Paulo Escola Superior De Agricultura Luiz De Queiroz
Location: Brazil
Yale University School Of The Environment
Location: United States of America
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Paulo Brando.